CN107125293A - 一种灭活生羊肉内弓形虫的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种灭活生羊肉内弓形虫的方法：采用下述步骤：A、羊肉分割、包装；B、冰箱冷冻；C、案板及分割工具消毒；D、羊肉解冻，无弓形虫可烹制食用；其中，使生鲜羊肉在至少‑20℃进行冷冻2‑4小时。本发明天主要是依据弓形虫虫体的基本生物学特性，羊肉内弓形虫的存在形式有弓形虫包囊和弓形虫速殖子，经过一定冷冻温度和时间，有效灭活羊肉中的弓形虫包囊和速殖子的感染性，保证生羊肉的质量和安全性可靠性，给人们提供放心的生羊肉食材；本发明改变了人们对传统的羊肉的处理制作方法，明操作简便，不需要高端设备和仪器，成本较低，易于推广。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种生羊肉的处理工艺，尤其涉及一种为灭活生羊肉内弓形虫、应用于屠宰场、超市、集贸市场和家庭羊肉的灭生活羊肉内弓形虫的方法。
技术背景
弓形虫是一种专性细胞内寄生原虫，能寄生在除红细胞外的所有有核细胞内，随血液和淋巴液扩散至全身各部位。中间宿主广泛且无特异性，终末宿主仅限于猫或猫科动物。草食动物，包括羊是弓形虫的重要中间宿主，羊对弓形虫易感，羊弓形虫病平均感染率为20％。人类食入含弓形虫的羊肉或弓形虫未充分灭活的羊肉可引起弓形虫病，妊娠妇女食入含弓形虫的羊肉或弓形虫未充分灭活的羊肉可引起流产或胎儿异常发育。
弓形虫病是一种危害巨大的人畜共患疾病，在中国属二类动物疫病。弓形虫作为重要的机会性致病原虫，正常人和动物感染弓形虫后多呈隐性感染，一般不引起明显症状，但可在体内长期潜伏，损伤多为占位压迫性损伤。但如果发生在胎儿、机体免疫功能受损或缺陷的患者如器官移植、艾滋病及恶性肿瘤患者等，潜伏感染可以被激活，从而引起严重的甚至危及生命的疾病，对人类健康构成严重威胁。弓形虫病是人畜先天性疾病和流产的原因之一，还可引起脑炎和视网膜炎、淋巴结炎。
临床上，全国羊的屠宰过程尚没有屠宰检疫，也未检疫是否携带弓形虫虫体，因此市场提供的羊肉及其副产品均有携带弓形虫的可能。目前，人们普遍认为：只要对生羊肉进行加热熟化就能食用，但不知对生羊肉只加热熟化或未充分熟化,如烤羊串/涮羊肉并不能保证羊肉内弓形虫全部消除。
发明内容
为了解决羊肉内弓形虫不容易被彻底消灭，人们食用后容易引起严重的甚至危及生命的疾病问题，本发明的目的是提供一种简便、有效地对灭活弓形虫虫体的灭活羊肉内弓形虫的方法，使人们既能享受到羊肉的鲜美，又能放心食用、不必担心弓形虫带来的恐惧的灭活生羊肉内弓形虫的方法。
本发明的技术方案是以下述方式实现的：
一种灭活生羊肉内弓形虫的方法：采用下述步骤：
A、羊肉分割、包装；B、冰箱冷冻；C、案板及分割工具消毒；D、羊肉解冻，无弓形虫可烹制食用；其中，使生鲜羊肉在至少-20℃进行冷冻2-4小时。
所述的冷冻时间根据生鲜羊肉的厚度采用表中所对应的冷冻时间值：
| 羊肉厚度(cm) | 冷冻时间(h) |
| 2 | 2 |
| 5 | 2.5 |
| 10 | 3 |
| 15 | 3.5 |
| 20 | 4 |
本发明的积极效果是：
本发明天主要是依据弓形虫虫体的基本生物学特性，羊肉内弓形虫的存在形式有弓形虫包囊和弓形虫速殖子，经过一定冷冻温度和时间，有效灭活羊肉中的弓形虫包囊和速殖子的感染性，保证生羊肉的质量和安全性可靠性，给人们提供放心的生羊肉食材；本发明改变了人们对传统的羊肉的处理制作方法，明操作简便，不需要高端设备和仪器，成本较低，易于推广。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明：
实施例一
本发明技术的实现需要以下试剂和器材：
冰箱、冷冻盒、温度计、切肉案板、分割工具：剖检刀、骨剪、骨锯、磨刀棒、乳胶手套、消毒药(5％来苏儿)、工作服、瓷盆、肥皂、擦手纸、垃圾袋。
处理步骤
A、羊肉分割、包装
选择专用的案板、分割工具进行羊肉的分割，根据冰箱体积、冷冻盒的体积决定分割肉的大小。
B、冰箱冷冻
-20℃冰箱冷冻2-4小时，确保中心温度达到0℃并维持10分钟以上。
不同厚度羊肉冷冻时间见下表。
| 羊肉厚度(cm) | 冷冻时间(h) |
| 2 | 2 |
| 5 | 2.5 |
| 10 | 3 |
| 15 | 3.5 |
| 20 | 4 |
C、案板及分割工具消毒
羊肉分割后，所有的工作服、案板、剖检用具要清洗干净，消毒干燥后保存。剖检人员用肥皂洗手、洗脸，再用消毒液冲洗，最后用清水洗净。
D、羊肉解冻，无弓形虫可食用
取出冷冻的羊肉，常温解冻或微波解冻，此时羊肉的弓形虫已灭活，为无弓形虫羊肉。经本发明人研究发现，本方法可100％灭活弓形虫的感染性。
本发明技术顺利实施的注意事项：
1、羊肉分割用具需要专用，用后消毒。
2、羊肉冷冻达到时间和温度要求。
3、避免污染其他用品。
无弓形虫羊肉的检验
①羊肉剪碎：冷冻后羊肉，解冻后，剪取50g心肌，用剪刀剪碎。
②匀浆：将剪碎后的羊肉置于匀浆机内，先不加生理盐水匀浆15sec，加入125ml生理盐水匀浆大约30sec,倒出匀浆液，再用125ml生理盐水冲洗匀浆机，匀浆液和冲洗液用同一1000ml塑料广口瓶盛放并贴上标签。
③胃蛋白酶消化：每份样品加入250ml胃蛋白酶溶液(现配现用，胃蛋白酶5.2g，NaCl 10.0g，6NHCl 28ml,蒸馏水1000ml，PH＝1)，将加入胃蛋白酶的组织匀浆液置于37℃的恒温水浴摇床中1h。
④过滤离心：将消化好的组织液用一次性纱布过滤并分装，用常温低速离心机离心(1200g，10min)。
⑤调PH：向离心沉淀物中缓慢加入1.2％的碳酸氢钠酚红溶液并震荡，直至溶液颜色由红色变为橘黄色，此时PH接近中性。
⑥加双抗：再次离心(1200g 10min)除去上清液，等体积加入青链霉素混合液(青霉素200U/ml,链霉素200ug/ml)，室温静置约20min。
⑦小鼠皮下接种心肌消化液：选取健康的昆明小鼠5只，并对每只小鼠进行耳标标记，每一只小鼠背部皮下接种1ml的心肌消化液。缓慢推针，缓慢退针。以防止接种液溢出。
⑧接种后小鼠弓形虫的检测：接种后，四周内死亡的小鼠，采取常规剖检，摘取肺脏做组织研磨涂片镜检，若发现有香蕉状的弓形虫速殖子即可判别为弓形虫阳性小鼠；四周内未死亡的小鼠采血获取血清，做弓形虫抗体检测，检测结果阳性的即可判定为弓形虫阳性。
按照无弓形虫羊肉的检验方法：对本采用本发明的样品和市场上采购的生羊肉样品进行检验，其结果如下：
对照例及实验例：
市场、超市分别购买羊肉样品20份，每份2kg，实验室提供弓形虫阳性羊肉样品3份，每份2Kg，具体实施如下：
A、羊肉分割、包装
选择专用的案板、分割工具进行羊肉的分割，每份羊肉样品0.5kg,厚度5cm，置于冰箱冷冻盒内。
B、冰箱冷冻
-20℃冰箱冷冻2.5小时。
C、案板及分割工具消毒
羊肉分割后，清洗所有的工作服、案板、剖检用具，消毒干燥后保存。操作人员用肥皂洗手、洗脸，再用消毒液冲洗，最后用清水洗净。
D、羊肉解冻，无弓形虫可食用
取出冷冻的羊肉，常温解冻，市场、超市分别购买的羊肉样品、实验室提供弓形虫阳性羊肉样品均经小鼠接种实验进行弓形虫的检验，经检验此时羊肉的弓形虫已灭活，为无弓形虫羊肉。经研究发现，本方法可100％灭活弓形虫的感染性。
Claims (2)
1.一种灭活生羊肉内弓形虫的方法：采用下述步骤：
A、羊肉分割、包装；B、冰箱冷冻；C、案板及分割工具消毒；D、羊肉解冻，无弓形虫可烹制食用；其特征在于：使生鲜羊肉在至少-20℃进行冷冻2-4小时。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种灭活生羊肉内弓形虫的方法：其特征在于：所述的冷冻时间根据生鲜羊肉的厚度采用表中所对应的时间值：
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| 【美】BENNETT PLUM: "《西塞尔内科学 下卷 第20版》", 30 June 1999, 世界图书出版西安公司 * |
| 殷国荣等: "弓形虫病：食用肉类传播的风险及控制对策", 《国际医学寄生虫病杂志》 * |
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