CN107120118B - Deep sea mineral resource development system - Google Patents

Deep sea mineral resource development system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107120118B
CN107120118B CN201710565600.6A CN201710565600A CN107120118B CN 107120118 B CN107120118 B CN 107120118B CN 201710565600 A CN201710565600 A CN 201710565600A CN 107120118 B CN107120118 B CN 107120118B
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submersible
subsystem
deep
underwater
mining
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CN107120118A (en
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杜新光
林强
宋环峰
徐�彻
匡俊
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CHINA SHIP SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CENTER SHANGHAI DIVISION
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CHINA SHIP SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH CENTER SHANGHAI DIVISION
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21CMINING OR QUARRYING
    • E21C50/00Obtaining minerals from underwater, not otherwise provided for

Abstract

The utility model discloses a deep sea mineral resource development system, which comprises an underwater mineral acquisition subsystem, a mineral transfer subsystem, a water surface support subsystem, an underwater control subsystem and a matched guarantee subsystem, wherein the underwater mineral acquisition subsystem comprises a mining submersible vehicle group; the mineral transport subsystem includes a lifting submersible; the underwater control subsystem comprises a deep submersible vehicle, and a nuclear power plant is arranged in the deep submersible vehicle; the supporting guarantee subsystem comprises a maintenance guarantee submersible and a communication navigation positioning device; the deep submersible is connected with the mining submersible group and the maintenance guarantee submersible through umbilical cables respectively, and provides energy and control signals for the mining submersible group and the maintenance guarantee submersible. The underwater subsystem does not need to be provided with energy, and when the underwater subsystem works in severe sea weather such as high stormy waves, the underwater subsystem can be moved to other places to avoid the stormy waves, and the underwater subsystem can continue to work normally, so that the operation requirement is low and the underwater subsystem is insensitive to the stormy waves and the weather at sea.

Description

Deep sea mineral resource development system
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of marine mineral resource exploitation equipment, in particular to a deep-sea mineral resource development system.
Background
Deep seafloor is a very rich mineral resource, among which the most valuable to be developed are polymetallic nodules, cobalt-rich crusts, polymetallic sulfides, etc. In recent years, along with the rapid development of the economy in China, the demand for resources is also increased, and along with the remarkable improvement of the economical strength, the development of the marine industry is rapid, and a good foundation is provided for the development of deep sea mining.
Since the middle of the last century, extensive research has been carried out internationally on deep sea mining technology, various technical approaches such as a trailer type, a continuous chain bucket type, a pipeline lifting type, a shuttle carrying type and the like based on a water surface floating platform are provided, related equipment and devices are developed, and land, lake or offshore tests are developed. Chinese patent No. CN 203594452U discloses a device for mining marine mineral resources, referring to fig. 1, which comprises a surface mining ship 1, lift pipes (2, 3) connected to the surface mining ship 1, lift pump stations (4, 5) connected in series to the lower end of the lift pipe 3, a hose 7 connected to the suction end of the lift pump, a mineral material crushing mechanism 18 connected to the suction end of the hose 7, and a mining mechanism hinged to the mineral crushing mechanism 18; the mining mechanism is provided with a plurality of disturbance jet nozzles (23, 24), a plurality of rising jet nozzles (22, 25) and a flow guide pipe 21 communicated with a feed inlet of the mineral crushing mechanism 18; the lifting pipes (2, 3), the lifting electric pump stations (4, 5), the hose 7, the mineral crushing mechanism 18 and the guide pipe 21 are sequentially connected in series to form an ore pulp lifting channel, and a feed inlet of the guide pipe 21 faces the seabed to suck submarine minerals; the hose 7 is secured to a submerged ROV 8, which submerged ROV 8 is connected to the mining mechanism by connecting means. The ocean mineral resource exploitation device provided by the utility model has the advantages of simplicity, reasonability, high reliability, high mining efficiency, no influence of the complex topography and the complex geological conditions of the seabed, small disturbance to the seabed and the like, and provides a safe and environment-friendly exploitation method for deep seabed mineral resources such as manganese nodule, cobalt-rich crust, seabed sulfide, multi-metal soft mud and the like. However, the following drawbacks exist:
during operation, the surface mining ship drags the underwater system to collect underwater mineral resources, and when the surface mining ship encounters severe seas such as strong storms, the whole system needs to be towed to avoid storms, so that the operation requirement is high and the surface mining ship is sensitive to the storms.
Disclosure of Invention
The utility model aims to provide a deep sea mineral resource development system, which aims to solve the technical problems that a water surface mining ship of the existing ocean mineral resource exploitation device drags an underwater system to collect underwater mineral resources, and when the water surface mining ship encounters severe sea weather such as high storm and the like, the whole system needs to be towed to avoid storm, and the operation requirement is high and the system is sensitive to the offshore storm weather.
The utility model aims at realizing the following technical scheme:
a deep sea mineral resource development system, which comprises an underwater mineral acquisition subsystem, a mineral transfer subsystem, a water surface support subsystem, an underwater control subsystem and a supporting guarantee subsystem, wherein,
the underwater mineral acquisition subsystem comprises a mining wetter cluster;
the mineral transport subsystem includes a lifting submersible;
the water surface support subsystem comprises a water surface support device;
the underwater control subsystem comprises a deep submersible vehicle, and a nuclear power station is arranged in the deep submersible vehicle;
the supporting guarantee subsystem comprises a maintenance guarantee submersible and a communication navigation positioning device;
the deep submersible is respectively connected with the mining submersible group and the maintenance guarantee submersible through umbilical cables, and provides energy and control signals for the mining submersible group and the maintenance guarantee submersible;
the communication navigation positioning device is arranged on the mining submersible vehicle group, the deep submersible vehicle, the water surface supporting device and the maintenance guarantee submersible vehicle, and the communication navigation positioning device controls and acquires the positions and the working states of the mining submersible vehicle group, the deep submersible vehicle, the water surface supporting device and the maintenance guarantee submersible vehicle through information transmission and exchange.
Preferably, the system further comprises an underwater exploration subsystem comprising a cableless underwater robot for exploration, the communication navigation positioning device being arranged on the cableless underwater robot.
Preferably, the cluster of mining divers comprises a mining diver provided with a cutting head, a mining diver provided with a crushing head and a mining diver provided with a collecting head.
Preferably, the deep submersible is connected to the mining submersible equipped with a collection head by an integrated hose, on which buoyancy material is provided.
Preferably, the lifting submersible is an unmanned, cableless submersible.
Preferably, the lifting submersible is connectable to the surface support device and the submersible vessel by means of a subsea docking device, respectively.
Preferably, the lifting submarines are a plurality.
Preferably, the surface support device is a surface support vessel or platform.
Preferably, the surface support subsystem further comprises a mineral carrier vessel.
Preferably, a mineral primary extraction device is arranged in the deep submersible vehicle.
Preferably, a mineral storage space is arranged in the deep submersible vehicle.
Preferably, the communication navigation positioning device comprises two acoustic receiving transducers and four acoustic beacons, and the two acoustic receiving transducers are respectively arranged in the deep submergence device and the water surface supporting device.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:
1. the deep sea mineral resource development system of the utility model completely separates the sub-system on water from the sub-system under water, the sub-system under water does not need to be provided with energy by the sub-system on water, the sub-system on water is not connected with the sub-system under water, when the sub-system under water runs into severe sea weather such as strong storms and the like, the sub-system on water can be moved to other places to avoid storms, the sub-system under water can continue normal operation, the operation requirement is not high, and the sub-system under water is insensitive to the storms and the weather on the sea.
2. The deep-sea mineral resource development system has various functions of exploration, exploitation, collection, transportation, guarantee and the like, and can be used for developing the deep-sea mineral resource for a long period and high efficiency.
3. The application and service scope of the deep-sea mineral resource development system comprises links of exploration, exploitation, transportation, guarantee and the like of the deep-sea mineral resource, can be matched with an underwater production system taking a water surface floating platform as a base for use, forms complementation, and can reasonably, efficiently and economically develop and utilize the deep-sea resource.
4. The deep submersible vehicle moves energy supply from water to water, reduces energy loss in the conveying process, further ensures stability in the signal transmission process, supplies energy relative to the water surface, and can avoid the phenomenon of winding a cable pipeline.
5. According to the utility model, the plurality of lifting submarines are adopted as lifting tools for minerals, the lifting submarines work independently, no influence is caused between the lifting submarines, the operation of the whole system cannot be influenced due to the problem of one lifting submarines, and compared with the traditional serial pipeline transportation system, the system has the advantages of low failure rate, low maintenance cost and high efficiency.
6. The water surface supporting device is mainly used for temporarily storing minerals, does not have complicated pipeline connection parts, and does not have the arrangement and recovery of a heave compensation device and equipment, so that the functions required by the water surface supporting device are greatly reduced, the structure is simple, and the manufacturing cost is reduced.
7. The utility model transfers the control system and the energy supply of the underwater equipment from the sea surface to the sea bottom, greatly reduces the requirements on the water surface equipment, and improves the survivability and the anti-damage capability of the underwater system.
Of course, it is not necessary for any one product to practice the utility model to achieve all of the advantages set forth above at the same time.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a marine mineral resource exploitation device of the prior art.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the deep sea mineral resource development system of the present utility model.
Detailed Description
The present utility model will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Numerous details are disclosed in the examples in order to provide a thorough and complete understanding of the present utility model and enabling description for those skilled in the art. However, it is obvious that those skilled in the art can implement the technical solution of the present utility model without these details, thereby achieving the object and effect of the present utility model. These details are the best mode chosen by the inventor through a number of experiments and are not intended to limit the scope of the utility model. The technical solutions obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts according to the disclosure of the present document are also within the scope of the present utility model.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 2, a deep sea mineral resource development system includes an underwater mineral acquisition subsystem, a mineral transfer subsystem, a surface support subsystem, an underwater exploration subsystem, an underwater control subsystem, and a mating assurance subsystem, wherein,
the underwater exploration sub-system comprises a cableless underwater robot 1 for exploration;
the underwater mineral acquisition subsystem comprises a mining wetter cluster 2;
the mineral transfer subsystem comprises a lifting submersible 7;
the water surface support subsystem comprises a water surface support device;
the underwater control subsystem comprises a deep submergence device 5, and a small nuclear power station is arranged in the deep submergence device 5;
the supporting guarantee subsystem comprises a maintenance guarantee submersible 10 and a communication navigation positioning device;
the deep submersible vehicle 5 is respectively connected with the mining submersible vehicle group 2 and the maintenance guarantee submersible vehicle 10 through umbilical cables 6, and the deep submersible vehicle 5 provides energy and control signals for the mining submersible vehicle group 2 and the maintenance guarantee submersible vehicle 10;
the communication navigation positioning device is arranged on the mining submersible vehicle group 2, the deep submersible vehicle 5, the cable-free underwater robot 1, the water surface supporting device and the maintenance guarantee submersible vehicle 10, and the communication navigation positioning device controls and knows the positions and the working states of the mining submersible vehicle group 2, the deep submersible vehicle 5, the water surface supporting device and the maintenance guarantee submersible vehicle 10 through information transmission and exchange.
The deep sea mineral resource development system of the utility model completely separates the sub-system on water from the sub-system under water, the sub-system under water does not need to be provided with energy by the sub-system on water, the sub-system on water is not connected with the sub-system under water, when the sub-system under water runs into severe sea weather such as strong storms and the like, the sub-system on water can be moved to other places to avoid storms, the sub-system under water can continue normal operation, the operation requirement is not high, and the sub-system under water is insensitive to the storms and the weather on the sea.
Wherein the deep submersible vehicle 5 is a large-sized deep submersible vehicle. The cable-free underwater robot 1 is provided with a manipulator and is mainly responsible for the work of investigation and quick exploration of deep sea mineral resources, submarine drilling and sampling, detailed investigation of mining area geology and water environmental conditions, field environmental assessment and the like.
The cluster 2 of mining divers comprises a mining diver provided with a cutting head, a mining diver provided with a crushing head and a mining diver provided with a collecting head. The cluster 2 of mining vehicles of the present utility model meets the need for different procedures of cutting, crushing, collecting, etc. by assembling different mining heads. The mining diving device group 2 can adopt a crawler walking mode, and can prevent the mining diving device group from being trapped in soft sediment. The mining submersible group 2 can also take away the shape mechanism and be provided with inertial navigation for positioning, and can realize the functions of shape moving, climbing, obstacle surmounting, ditch surmounting and the like. The mining submersible cluster 2 can meet the requirements of mining of various minerals, and can realize pretreatment of the sea bottom level, crushing and collection of the minerals.
The deep submersible vehicle 5 is connected with the mining submersible vehicle provided with the collecting head through an integrated hose 3, and the integrated hose 3 is provided with a buoyancy material 4.
The lifting submersible 7 is an unmanned cable-free submersible, and the number of the lifting submersible 7 is several. The number of the lifting submarines 7 can be determined according to the needs. The lifting submersible 7 can be connected with the surface support device and the deep submersible 5 through underwater docking devices respectively. The mining submersible equipped with a collection head transports minerals into the deep submersible 5 through the integrated hose 3 and then from the deep submersible 5 to the lifting submersible 7 through the underwater docking device and from the lifting submersible 7 to the surface support device.
The surface support device is a surface support vessel 8 or platform. The surface support subsystem may also include a mineral carrier vessel 9. The surface support vessel 8 or platform is used for temporary storage of minerals. The mineral transport vessel 9 is used for transporting minerals on a surface support vessel 8 or platform to a quay.
A primary mineral extraction device can be arranged in the deep submersible vehicle 5. The primary mineral extraction device is used for removing sediment in minerals temporarily stored in the deep submersible vehicle 5 in advance, so that idle work of the lifting submersible vehicle 7 in the lifting process can be reduced.
A mineral storage space is provided in the deep submersible vehicle 5, the mineral storage space being used for temporarily storing minerals.
The communication navigation positioning device comprises two acoustic receiving transducers and four acoustic beacons 11, wherein the two acoustic receiving transducers are respectively arranged in the deep submergence device 5 and the water surface supporting device. Four acoustic beacons are fixedly arranged on the sea floor. The acoustic receiving transducer on the water surface supporting device can receive the signal emitted by the acoustic beacon 11, and the distance and azimuth angle between the water surface supporting device and the acoustic beacon can be calculated by analyzing the signal, so that the position of the acoustic beacon under water can be calculated. The deep diving equipment 5 and the sound beacon 11 transmit signals to each other to determine the distance between the sound beacon 11 and the deep diving equipment 5, and then the position of the deep diving equipment 5 is determined through calculation. The deep submersible vehicle 5 controls and knows the position and operating state of the mining submersible vehicle cluster 2 and the maintenance assurance submersible vehicle 10 through the transmission and exchange of information.
The working process of the deep sea mineral resource development system of the present utility model is described below.
During working, the cable-free underwater robot 1 is used for carrying out the work of investigation and quick exploration of deep sea mineral resources, submarine drilling and sampling, detailed investigation of mining geology and water environmental conditions, site criticism and the like. The deep submersible 5 then carries the mining submersible cluster 2, the integrated hose 3, the buoyancy material 4, the umbilical cable 6, the lifting submersible 7, the maintenance support submersible 10 and other equipment to the seabed to find a suitable terrain base. The integrated hose 3 is connected at both ends to the deep submersible 5 and the mining submersible equipped with a collecting head, respectively, by means of a maintenance assurance submersible 10, and the buoyancy material 4 is fitted in place of the integrated hose 3. The deep submersible 5 is internally provided with a small nuclear power plant and is connected to the mining submersible cluster 2 and the maintenance assurance submersible 10 through umbilical cables 6, and the deep submersible 5 provides energy and control signals for the mining submersible cluster 2 and the maintenance assurance submersible 10. The mining diver equipped with a collecting head then moves the deposit on the surface of the mine out of the mine, the surface of the mine is pre-cleaned with a mining diver equipped with a cutting head to obtain a flat surface, the mineral is then broken up from top to bottom with a mining diver equipped with a breaking head, the fine mineral that has been broken up is finally collected with a mining diver equipped with a collecting head, and the mineral is transported by a pump to the deep-diving device 5 for temporary storage. The deep submersible vehicle 5 performs primary extraction on the collected minerals through a primary mineral extraction device, and removes sediment and sundries in the minerals, so that the cost of lifting the minerals is reduced. The lifting submersible 7 is then connected to the deep submersible vehicle 5 by means of a submerged docking device and the mineral is transferred from the deep submersible vehicle 5 to the lifting submersible vehicle 7. The lifting submersible 7 is moved to the sea surface by the propeller and its own heave device to dock with the surface support vessel 8 or platform, and the minerals are exported to the surface support vessel 8 or platform and then returned to the sea floor. The minerals lifted to the surface support vessel 8 or platform are transferred to a mineral carrier 9 and transported by the mineral carrier 9 to a quay for further processing.
Example 2
The present embodiment provides a deep sea mineral resource development system, and the difference between the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is that:
this embodiment does not include an underwater exploration sub-system.
Reference is made in particular to example 1.
The above disclosure is only a few specific embodiments of the present utility model, but the present utility model is not limited thereto, and any changes that can be thought by those skilled in the art should fall within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims (10)

1. A deep sea mineral resource development system is characterized by comprising an underwater mineral acquisition subsystem, a mineral transfer subsystem, a water surface support subsystem, an underwater control subsystem, a supporting and guaranteeing subsystem and an underwater exploration subsystem, wherein,
the underwater mineral acquisition subsystem comprises a cluster of mining divers including a mining diver equipped with a cutting head, a mining diver equipped with a crushing head and a mining diver equipped with a collecting head;
the mineral transport subsystem includes a lifting submersible;
the water surface support subsystem comprises a water surface support device;
the underwater control subsystem comprises a deep submersible vehicle, and a nuclear power station is arranged in the deep submersible vehicle;
the supporting guarantee subsystem comprises a maintenance guarantee submersible and a communication navigation positioning device;
the deep submersible is respectively connected with the mining submersible group and the maintenance guarantee submersible through umbilical cables, and provides energy and control signals for the mining submersible group and the maintenance guarantee submersible;
the communication navigation positioning device is arranged on the mining submersible vehicle group, the deep submersible vehicle, the water surface supporting device and the maintenance guarantee submersible vehicle, and the communication navigation positioning device controls and acquires the positions and the working states of the mining submersible vehicle group, the deep submersible vehicle, the water surface supporting device and the maintenance guarantee submersible vehicle through information transmission and exchange;
the underwater exploration sub-system comprises a cableless underwater robot for exploration, and the communication navigation positioning device is arranged on the cableless underwater robot.
2. The deep sea mineral resource development system of claim 1 wherein said deep submersible vehicle is connected to said mining submersible vehicle equipped with a collection head by an integral hose having buoyancy material disposed thereon.
3. The deep sea mineral resource development system of claim 1, wherein the lifting submersible is an unmanned, untethered submersible.
4. The deep sea mineral resource development system of claim 1, wherein the lifting vehicle is connectable to the surface support device and the deep submersible vehicle, respectively, by a subsea docking device.
5. The deep sea mineral resource development system of claim 1 wherein the number of lifting vehicles is several.
6. The deep sea mineral resource development system of claim 1, wherein the surface support device is a surface support vessel or platform.
7. The deep sea mineral resource development system of claim 1 or 6, wherein the surface support subsystem further comprises a mineral carrier.
8. The deep sea mineral resource development system of claim 1, wherein a mineral primary extraction device is disposed within the deep submersible vehicle.
9. The deep sea mineral resource development system of claim 1 wherein a mineral storage space is provided within the deep submersible vehicle.
10. The deep sea mineral resource development system of claim 1, wherein the communication navigational positioning apparatus comprises two acoustic receiving transducers and four acoustic beacons, the two acoustic receiving transducers being disposed in the deep sea vessel, the surface support apparatus, respectively.
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