CN107119918A - Structure is repaired in the reinforcing of a kind of ancient building peripheral column and single architrave node - Google Patents

Abstract

A reinforcement and repair structure for the joints of eaves pillars and single-front architraves in ancient buildings, including single-arch architraves and pads mortised into the eaves pillars, one side of the eaves pillars is provided with a dovetail mortise and a straight mortise and tenon. The frontal frame is composed of a single frontal frame body and a single frontal back shoulder. The single frontal frame body is chiseled with a hook head and palm tenon A, and the single frontal back shoulder is chiseled with the hook head and palm tenon A. B. There is a dovetail mortise on the other end of the back shoulder of the single forehead. The mortise A of the frontal back shoulder is mortised into the mortise A in the mortise A, and a mortise B that penetrates the eaves column and straight mortise is opened, and the mortise B is inserted into the mortise B. On the basis of not changing the raw materials and construction technology, it can greatly improve the overall stability, torsion resistance, shear resistance and seismic performance of the joints between the single architrave and the eaves column of ancient buildings, and can reduce the probability of damage to the single architrave due to tenon pulling , Reduce maintenance times.

Description

Reinforcement and repair structure of eaves columns and single architrave joints of ancient buildings

technical field

The invention belongs to the protection and repair of columns and square joints in the wooden frame system of ancient buildings, and specifically relates to a reinforcement and repair structure of ancient building eaves columns and single-front square joints.

Background technique

In the large wooden frame of ancient buildings, there are many joints where horizontal members and vertical members intersect. The intersection of the step beam and the gold pillar, etc. At present, in the process of protection and repair of large wooden structures of ancient buildings, the phenomenon of tenon pulling and tenon damage at the joints of columns and squares is very prominent, especially at the joints of ancient building eaves columns and single-front squares.

"Eave pillars" is the title of pillars made of large trees in ancient buildings. "Qing-style Construction Rules" called it "the pillar supporting the eaves". The "eave column" is located on the outermost periphery of the single building, and it is the basic component that constitutes the enclosure structure of the ancient building, and it is also the front-end component that constitutes the roof beam. Song "Zao Fa Shi" is divided into sub-step eaves columns and hall body eaves columns. The early pillars have scroll brakes, and the Ming and Qing columns have no scroll brakes, which is an important feature to distinguish early buildings. The "Zao Fa Shi" of the Song Dynasty and the "Engineering Practices" of the Qing Ministry of Industry have specific regulations on the production of "eaves columns".

The single-front architrave is a large wooden component of Qing-style architecture, located between the capitals of the eaves columns, and is the architrave connecting the eaves columns, which is a horizontally pulled component. This component is only called "single archway" when it exists independently between the eaves and pillars, without using small architraves or setting up architems. The length is determined according to the width of the surface, but a half of the column diameter should be added slightly, and the height and thickness are about the same as the column diameter.

The connection between the "single forehead fang" and the "eaves column" is mostly in the form of dovetail tenon and back shoulder tie (as shown in Figure 1). "Swallowtail tenon" is named because its tenon is shaped like a dovetail. It is large on the outside and small on the inside, so it is also called "big head tenon". Its method can be roughly divided into two forms: "dovetail tenon" with sleeve shoulder and "dovetail tenon" without sleeve shoulder. The former is actually the reset form of two "dovetail tenon". The "back shoulder" method of mortise and tenon joints made of big wood in ancient buildings is mostly used for the connection between columns and architraves. Shoulder, that is, the part on both sides of the tenon. After the mortise and tenon are finished, the shoulders are rounded in the opposite direction.

The reason why the joints between the eaves columns and the eaves columns of the ancient buildings are severely damaged is that the foundation settlement of the ancient buildings is uneven or under the action of horizontal external force, the tenons between the eaves columns and the eaves columns are deformed due to tearing. However, it is very easy to pull out. If the tenon is pulled out on a single frontal frame, the pulling force acting on the eaves column will be reduced or disappeared, resulting in a significant decrease in the overall stability of the wooden frame of the ancient building. The mortise can easily cause the wooden frame to tilt and crooked, which will eventually destroy the safety performance of the beam support system of ancient buildings; in addition, the mortise is inserted into the mortise, and under the action of long-term external force, the mortise may be damaged due to the extrusion of the mortise. Or due to the extrusion deformation of the socket, the cross-sectional size of the structure is reduced or broken, resulting in subsidence, thereby weakening the overall mechanical properties of the structure between the beams and columns.

At present, in the large wooden frame of ancient buildings in our country, the mortise and tenon repair techniques of eaves columns and single-front architrave joints include:

(1) For the phenomenon that the mortise of the single-front frame is pulled out due to tearing and deformation, iron nails or angle steel are often used for reinforcement. Fix the connection between the single-front architrave and the eaves column with iron nails, angle steel, and flat steel to prevent the displacement of the mortise and tenon joints. Although this reinforcement method has strong rigidity, it is not flexible, shock-resistant, and torsion-resistant; In case of uneven foundation settlement or ground vibration, it is easy to cause the connection between the metal parts and the columns to loosen, resulting in the failure of the reinforcing parts, so that the safety of the nodes is still threatened. Secondly, when the metal parts strengthen the joints, the wooden components are often damaged during the process of embedding the rivets; the raw materials and construction techniques of the wooden structures of ancient buildings are changed, and the metal parts strengthen the wooden structures by "embedding" or "fixing". This kind of irreversible reinforcement technology is not only not conducive to the maintenance or replacement of reinforcement parts, but also not conducive to the protection of wooden structures.

(2) For the case where the tenon of the single-front frame is broken, the whole single-front frame is discarded, and hard miscellaneous wood is used to refit according to the original component size. This measure not only resulted in a great waste of materials, but also the replaced single-front architrave did not have the historical value and cultural relic value carried by the original components, thus losing the purpose and significance of ancient building protection.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a reinforcement and repair structure for the joints of eaves columns and single architraves of ancient buildings. The parts are reinforced and repaired.

In order to achieve the above technical goals, the technical solution adopted is: a reinforcement and repair structure for the joints of eaves columns and single architraves of ancient buildings, including single architraves and skids inserted into the eaves columns, and one side of the eaves columns is opened Connected dovetail mortise and straight mortise and mortise, the dovetail mortise is on the top and the straight mortise and mortise is on the bottom. The single-front square is composed of a single-front square body and a single-front back shoulder. The head rests on the palm tenon A, and the hook head and palm tenon B that matches the hook head resting on the palm tenon A is chiseled above one end of the single forehead back shoulder. Tenon A and tenon joint with hook head and palm tenon B. The dovetail tenon matches the dovetail mortise and mortises into the dovetail mortise. The mortise matches the straight mortise and mortise and mortises into the straight mortise and mortise. A mortise A that penetrates the single-front frame body and single-front shoulder is opened on the single-front frame body, single-front shoulder and backing wood. Insert the mortise A matching the mortise A into the inner mortise A, and open a mortise B through the eaves column and straight mortise on the eaves columns on both sides of the straight mortise and straight mortise, and mortise in the mortise B Insert the mortise B that matches the mortise B.

The width of the skid according to the present invention is consistent with the width of the single arch.

The thickness of the skid according to the present invention is 1/2 of the thickness of the single arch.

The notch A described in the present invention is vertically opened.

The cross section of the notch A described in the present invention is rectangular.

The cross section of the notch B in the present invention is rectangular.

The straight tenon described in the present invention is a pattern of big in and small out.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

This patent compares with prior art:

First of all, this patent can greatly improve the overall stability, torsion resistance, shear resistance and seismic performance of the joints between the single architrave and eaves columns of ancient buildings, and can reduce the probability of single architrave being damaged due to tenon pulling, and reduce the number of repairs.

Secondly, this kind of reinforcement structure uses less materials and is very convenient to process. The actual reinforcement operation process is relatively simple, which not only saves raw materials, is beneficial to environmental protection, but also greatly reduces the labor intensity of maintenance and construction. In the process of protection and repair of ancient buildings in the future, Just replace all the mortise and tenon joints and the horizontal tie with dovetail falcon.

Therefore, it can be reflected that this combined reinforced square and column joint processing structure has great advantages in maintaining the stability of the large wooden frame of ancient buildings and in repairing and replacing, and has broad development prospects in the future.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of prior art column and beam node;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an explosion structure of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation after repairing of the present invention;

In the figure: 1, eaves column, 2, single-fronted square, 201, single-fronted square body, 202, single-fronted back shoulder, 3, padded wood, 4, dovetail mortise, 5, straight mortise and tenon, 6, hook Head with palm tenon A, 7. Hook head with palm tenon B, 8. Dovetail tenon, 9. Straight tenon, 10. Mortise A, 11. Insert tenon A, 12. Mortise B, 13. Insert tenon B.

detailed description

As shown in the figure, a reinforcement and repair structure for the joints of eaves columns and single architraves of ancient buildings, including single architraves 2 and skids 3 inserted into the eaves columns 1, single architraves 2 and skids 3 can be made and replaced separately , one side of the eaves column 1 is provided with connected dovetail mortise 4 and straight mortise and mortise 5, the dovetail mortise 4 and straight mortise and mortise 5 are set on the same side, the dovetail mortise 4 is on top, and the straight mortise and mortise 5 Below, the single-front frame 2 is composed of a single-front frame 201 and a single-front shoulder 202. The single-front frame 201 and the single-front shoulder 202 can be obtained by cutting and trimming the original single-front frame. One end of the single-front frame 201 Chisel hook head and palm tenon A6, chisel hook head and palm tenon B7 that matches the hook head and palm tenon A6 above one end of the single frontal back shoulder 202, and the other end of the single frontal back shoulder 202 is provided with a dovetail tenon 8. The hook head and palm tenon A6 and the hook head and palm tenon B7 are mortised, the dovetail tenon 8 is matched with the dovetail mortise 4 and inserted into the dovetail mortise 4, and the skid 3 fits the lower surface of the single forehead 2 Set, one end of the skid 3 is provided with a straight tenon 9, the straight tenon 9 matches the straight tenon and tenon opening 5 and mortises into the straight tenon and tenon opening 5, and the single forehead frame body 201, the single forehead back shoulder 202 and the pad A mortise A10 is provided on the wood 3 to pass through the single forehead frame body 201 and the single forehead back shoulder 202. The mortise A10 can pass through the skid wood 3 or not. Insert mortise A11, open a mortise B12 through the eaves column 1 and straight mortise 9 on the eaves column 1 on both sides of the straight mortise 9 and the straight mortise, and insert a mortise matching the mortise B12 in the mortise B12 B13.

The width of the skid 3 is consistent with the width of the single arch 2, and the thickness of the skid 3 is 1/2 of the thickness of the single arch 2.

The mortise A10 is opened vertically, that is, the mortise A10 passes through the hook head and the palm tenon A6 and the hook head and the palm tenon B7, and then opens on the skid. The opening of the center of the tenon and tenon B7 does not affect the tenon joint between the hook head and the palm tenon A6 and the hook head and the palm tenon B7, and can also stabilize the tenon joint between the hook head and the palm tenon A6 and the hook head and the palm tenon B7 role.

The cross-section of the socket A10 is rectangular, and other shapes can also be adopted, such as circular cross-section, trapezoidal cross-section, etc. Similarly, the cross-section of the socket B12 is rectangular or other shapes.

Described straight tenon 9 is the style of big in and small out.

This kind of joint reinforcement and repair method of mortise and tenon joint can strengthen the tie force between the single arch and the eaves column in the horizontal direction through the joint of hook head and palm tenon, and the insertion and pinning of rectangular wooden strips. . The single architrave is a horizontal pull component, and its overlapping function with the eaves column is to make the eaves column form a stable whole in the horizontal direction, so as to resist the destructive force caused by the vibration load on the eaves column.

First of all, the original single frontal square and the supplemented hard miscellaneous wood prism are fixed in the left and right horizontal direction by the joint of the hook head and the palm tenon. The upper surface and the end of the original single-front architrave and the end of the supplementary hard miscellaneous wood prism are hooked to the corresponding parts of the palm tenon to open a mortise, and a rectangular wooden strip is used to insert the original single front arch and the hard miscellaneous wood prism. The mortise and tenon connection, and fixed with the dowel, organically link the three together, which further strengthens the overall stability and horizontal pulling force between the original single arch and the supplementary hard miscellaneous wood prism.

Secondly, one end of the eaves column of the skid wood adopts a large-in and small-out tenon, and a rectangular mortise of the same size is opened on the elevation of the end of the tenon and the corresponding position of the eaves column. Connected, the rectangular wooden mortise is inserted into the mortise of the skid and the eaves column, so that the skid forms a fixed fulcrum at the node, and the up and down direction is fixed by the eaves column body, and the left and right direction is fixed by the wooden strip. The tenon prevents the displacement of the skid and the eaves column, so that the skid becomes a rigid cantilever member, and its cantilevered end supports the load of the upper single architrave and the complementary prism end, and transfers the load to the eaves column. This reinforcement treatment not only strengthens the integrity and flexibility of the joints between the single architrave and eaves columns in the horizontal direction, but also strengthens the rigidity of the joints in the vertical direction, so that the torsional and shear resistance of the joints are greatly improved. .

In summary, this reinforcement measure has greatly improved the overall stability of the joints between the single arch and eaves columns. In case of an earthquake or sudden vibration, the mutual extrusion and friction between the mortise and mortise can consume seismic energy and reduce the structural strength. For the overall destruction, the horizontal direction hook head with palm tenon, dovetail tenon, rectangular wood strip tenon and the combination of skid and eaves column to strengthen the overall tie force; the up and down direction can be connected by the skid and eaves column To resist the shear force at the joints, so as to enhance the overall strength and seismic performance of the joints between the single architrave and the eaves columns.

Example 1

"Auxiliary stage pillars" is the name of the large wooden components of Song-style buildings, also known as "auxiliary stage eaves pillars" or "lower eaves pillars". It is used for the winding corridor on the building platform. From the plane view, this kind of column is at the outermost end of the building, supporting the eaves of the auxiliary steps, and is the main component of the wooden frame of the auxiliary steps. Its main features are as follows: 1. The space formed by the "sub-level columns" is smaller than the space of the indoor interior columns; Step pillars" have a smaller diameter than the inner pillars.

In ancient building repair projects, it is very common for tenons to be pulled out and tenons to be damaged at the joints of single-front architraves and auxiliary eaves columns. This patented technology can be used for reinforcement and repair.

The specific reinforcement steps are as follows:

① Saw and chisel off the back shoulder at the end of the single-front square together with its damaged tenon, and chisel the hook head and palm tenon under the cut single-front square end. Then use dry and hard miscellaneous wood to make a quadrangular prism to complement the cut-off part of the original single-front architrave. The section size and style of the supplementary hard miscellaneous wood prism are the same as the original single-front architrave, and the length is the total length of the original single-front architrave. prevail, between about 200-300mm. On one end of the hard miscellaneous wood prism, dovetail tenons and back shoulders are made according to the standard requirements of the original single frontal beam end, and the hook head and palm tenon are chiseled on the upper part of the other end.

② Open a rectangular mortise at the center of the upper surface of the hook head and palm tenon at the end of the single frontal square after cutting, and then cut a rectangular mortise at the corresponding position of the hook head and palm tenon on the hard miscellaneous wood prism The mouth has the same size as the mortise on the top surface of the single-fronted square. In addition, hard miscellaneous wood is used to make wooden mortise and tenon with the same cross-section as the mortise on the single forehead fang.

③ Use dry hard miscellaneous wood to make a square prism-shaped member. This member will support the end of the single archway. It can be called a skid. The cross-sectional width of the skid is the same as that of the single archway, and the thickness is One-half of the thickness of the single frontal square, the length of the block is 300-400mm. Chisel a straight mortise at one end of the skid, which is in the style of large in and small out, and open a rectangular mortise on the tenon; at the other end of the skid, a rectangular mortise is also opened at the position corresponding to the mortise on the single-front frame The mortise is the same size as the mortise on the single-fronted square.

④ Under the dovetail mortise of the eaves column, open a straight mortise and mortise with a large entry and a small exit. Open a rectangular mortise, and then make a rectangular mortise with hard miscellaneous wood, whose cross-sectional size is the same as the mortise on the eaves column.

⑤ Fix the pad wood and the eaves column together through the insertion of large-in and small-out-shaped straight tenons, and then in the front and rear direction, use the rectangular wooden strip tenon to insert the mortise on the eaves column and the pad wood tenon to further secure the pad The wood is fixed to the eaves columns to prevent the straight mortise and tenon from shifting in the left and right directions; the straight mortise and tenon joints make the skid wood a cantilevered component on the eaves columns, and the negative bending moments at the joints are borne by the eaves columns.

⑥ Fix the dovetail tenon at one end of the hard miscellaneous wood prism supplemented on the single-front architrave with the dovetail mortise of the eaves column, and the other end engraved with the hook head and palm tenon is supported by the skid wood, and then the original single-front architrave The hook head and palm tenon at one end are combined with the hook head and palm tenon on the supplementary hard miscellaneous wood prism, so that the original single forehead and the supplementary hard miscellaneous wood prism are tied together in the left and right directions to form a whole .

⑦ Insert the tenon and mortise of the original single frontal frame and the supplementary hard miscellaneous wood prism block with the rectangular wooden strip, and connect with the mortise pin on the backing wood, and connect the original single frontal square and the supplementary hard miscellaneous wood The prism blocks and the skids are tightly fixed together; finally a safe and stable structural system is formed at the joints.

Example 2

In ancient building repair projects, it is also very common to have tenons pulled out and tenons damaged at the joints between the single-front architrave and the eaves column of the temple body. This patented technology can be used for reinforcement and repair. The specific reinforcement steps are the same as in Example 1.

Claims (7)

1. A reinforcement and repair structure for the joints of eaves pillars and single architraves of ancient buildings, characterized in that: it includes single architraves (2) connected to the eaves pillars (1) and skids (3), and the eaves pillars (1) There are connected dovetail mortise (4) and straight mortise and mortise (5) on one side, the dovetail mortise (4) is on the top, the straight mortise and mortise (5) is on the bottom, and the single-front frame (2) consists of a single-front Composed of the square body (201) and the single frontal back shoulder (202), the hook head and palm tenon A (6) are chiseled under one end of the single frontal square body (201), and the upper end of the single frontal back shoulder (202) is chiseled The hook head and palm tenon B (7) matching the hook head and palm tenon A (6) is engraved, and the other end of the single forehead back shoulder (202) is provided with a dovetail tenon (8), and the hook head and palm tenon A ( 6) Tent joint with the hook head and palm tenon B (7), the dovetail tenon (8) matches the dovetail mortise (4) and mortises into the dovetail mortise (4), and the skid (3) fits the single forehead The lower surface of the square (2) is set, and one end of the skid (3) is provided with a straight mortise (9), which matches the straight mortise and tenon (5) and mortises into the straight mortise and tenon (5) Inside, set a mortise A ( 10), insert the mortise A (11) that matches the mortise A (10) in the mortise A (10), and open the mortise (1) on the straight tenon (9) and the eaves columns (1) on both sides of the straight tenon A mortise B (12) passing through the eaves column (1) and a straight mortise (9), and a mortise B (13) matching the mortise B (12) is inserted into the mortise B (12). 2. The reinforcement and repair structure of eaves columns and single architrave joints of ancient buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that: the width of the skid (3) is consistent with the width of the single architrave (2). 3. The reinforcement and repair structure of ancient building eaves columns and single architrave joints as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the thickness of the skid (3) is 1/1 of the thickness of the single architrave (2) 2. 4. The reinforcement and repair structure of eaves columns and single architrave joints of ancient buildings as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: said socket A (10) is vertically opened. 5. The reinforcement and repair structure of eaves columns and single architrave joints of ancient buildings as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the cross-section of the socket A (10) is rectangular. 6. The reinforcement and repair structure of eaves columns and single architrave joints of ancient buildings as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the cross-section of the socket B (12) is rectangular. 7. The reinforcement and repair structure of eaves columns and single architrave joints of ancient buildings as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: said straight tenon (9) is in the style of big in and small out.