CN107112451A - 车辆锂电池模块的壳体 - Google Patents

车辆锂电池模块的壳体 Download PDF

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CN107112451A
CN107112451A CN201580024782.5A CN201580024782A CN107112451A CN 107112451 A CN107112451 A CN 107112451A CN 201580024782 A CN201580024782 A CN 201580024782A CN 107112451 A CN107112451 A CN 107112451A
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battery module
housing
lithium battery
discharge
channel
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CN107112451B (zh
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马可·艾莫博特
乔治·曼托瓦尼
马里诺·塞尔吉
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Iveco SpA
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Abstract

一种车辆锂电池模块(M)的壳体(1)，每个车辆锂电池模块(M)为具有多个水平板(PO)的平行六面体形状，多个水平板布置在壳体内、彼此平行且与多层锂电池模块相间，其中，所述板中的每一个与所述周边表面接合以向外部环境传递热量，其中，每个电池模块被布置成使得所述排放口(M1)竖直对齐，并且其中，所述水平位置中的每一个包括在水平板的两个相对面上配备有合适的衬垫的相应开口，以限定锂电池模块之间的连续且气密的排放通道。

Description

车辆锂电池模块的壳体
技术领域
本发明涉及车辆锂电池模块的壳体的领域。
背景技术
混合动力和电动车辆的制造包括安装一定数目的锂电池模块。这种电池模块特别为机动车辆领域而制造，用于驱动电动或者混合动力车辆。
每一电池模块具有平行六面体形状并且被制造成使得在过热的情况下壳体的一部分打开以允许排出热气，从而防止电池模块自身爆炸并且波及邻近的电池模块。
如图6所示，现有技术中的这种电池模块配备有至少一个、通常是一对贯通开口M1，该贯通开口M1与两个相互平行的侧面垂直地穿过电池模块的平行六面体本体，这限定了安全出口或排放口。
在电池模块损坏的情况下，壳体内部的部分以受控的方式朝向所述贯通开口M1打开。
另外，这种电池模块在其使用期间易于发热，因此这种电池模块通常通过液体回路或强制风冷来冷却。电池模块和各自的冷却回路两者均被容置在车辆中的设置于车辆本体内的合适空间中，或者在工业车辆的情况下被容置在车辆外部的纵梁之间。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种用于车辆锂电池模块等的壳体，特别是提供一种适于容纳多个单块电池模块的壳体。
基于本发明的理念在于制造下述单个装置：其能够提取由一个或更多个电池模块所产生和散发的热量并且在必要时促进排出由一个或更多个损坏的电池模块所释放的热气，提供对这种气体的冷却以保护可能在附近的人和货物的安全。
本发明的目的在于一种根据权利要求1的车辆锂电池模块的壳体。
有利地，用于收集和传递热的内表面的各部分相互配合以限定用于在超过较高的过热极限的情况下排放由电池模块所产生的热气的排放通道。
另外，这种通道是气密的，使得一方面最终的热气不会通过损坏壳体来冲击(hit)嵌入壳体自身中的其他部件；另一方面，壳体与外部环境隔离，因此其不受灰尘积累、液体等的影响。
如在作为本说明书的组成部分的权利要求中更全面地描述的，本发明的目的还在于一种包括所述车辆电池模块的壳体的车辆。
附图说明
根据以下对优选实施方式(及其替选实施方式)及附图的说明性而非限制性的详细描述，本发明的其他目的和优点将变得明显，在附图中：
图1示出根据本发明的壳体的透视图；
图2示出与图1相同的视图，其中透明地显示一些部分；
图3和图4示出图1的、根据两个不同透视图的两个分解图；
图4a示出图4的放大细节；
图5示出图1的部分的透视侧视图；
图6示出已知的电池模块的俯视图，作为本发明的目的的装置旨在与多个电池模块一起使用。
在附图中，相同的附图标记和符号标识相同的元素或部件。
具体实施方式
参照图1至图5，作为本发明的目的的壳体1具有平行六面体形状，该壳体具有六个侧面，每个侧面由表面/板构成，其中有
-前表面/板1F；
-两个侧表面/板1L；
-上表面/板1S；
-下表面/板1I；
-后表面/板1P。
优选地，上板和下板被制造成具有折叠边缘，使得上板和下板可以容易地与周边板(即，前板/侧板/后板)装配。
后者可以有利地通过下述操作获得：对单条材料进行冲压或轧边，随后将其折叠。
参照图3和图4，可以清楚地看到侧板和前板以单片制成。
如果周边板(即，前板/侧板/后板)由高散热材料(诸如铝、铜或者不锈钢)制造，则板自身有助于电池模块的热向外散发。
否则，在侧板和前板中制作合适的开口，该开口优选地具有矩形形状。这种开口由相应的散热板闭合：前散热板PF和两个侧散热板PL。
在这种情况下，这种散热板表示如下装置：由电池模块所产生的热通过该装置散发到外部环境中。
在需要提高散热板PL的散热能力的情况下，散热板PL可以被制造成具有带散热片的外表面，或者可以通过使用液体换热器的外表面作为散热板PL来制造散热板PL。这两种解决方案都能够提高被动式热交换的效率。
参照图3和图4，可以看到，水平板PO布置在壳体1内，即与上板1S和下板1I平行。这种板旨在收集由壳体1内的电池模块M所散发的热，以将所散发的热向周边散热板传递。
水平板PO彼此平行并且借助于双头螺栓B而彼此约束,该双头螺栓将水平板压在电池模块M的上面(未示出)。因此，水平板PO旨在与图6中示出的电池模块的表面直接接触。
水平板至少在前板和侧板的上述开口附近具有折叠成90°的边缘PO1，使得水平板可以直接连接至前散热板和侧散热板，这确保了热连续性。
图6中示出的电池模块M具有平行六面体形状，其具有一对排放口M1以在电池模块自身出故障的情况下允许排放所散发的热气。
每个水平板设置有与电池模块M的排放口M1相对应的合适的槽2，其在图2中可以更清楚地看到。
每个槽在同一水平板的两个面上均设置有合适的衬垫。
参见图5，电池模块以层S1、S2、S3布置在在壳体1中。在第一下层S1中，电池模块M在第一水平板PO上彼此相邻。第二水平板覆盖第一层电池模块，使得相同的电池模块的两个相对侧与彼此平行的两个水平板接触，即形成夹层结构。
电池模块M被布置成使得排放口M1以平行于壳体1的其中一个侧面的方式相互对齐，优选地平行于前板1F。特别地，排放口竖直布置，即它们的延伸轴线(developmentaxis)是竖直的。
在第二水平板之上容纳有另外的电池模块M以形成第二层S2。对于这一层，电池模块也被相邻放置，使得排放口M1以平行于壳体的上述一个侧面的方式对齐，以准确地对应于第一层电池模块M的排放口。因此，在不同电池模块层之间是竖直对齐的。
因此，竖直排放通道(对)被限定成朝向壳体内部是连续的和气密的，其穿过不同的电池模块M层，在壳体外结束。
水平管道G与这种通道相对应地布置在最后一个水平板之上，该水平管道G使不同的竖直通道汇集。这种管道有助于在气体离开壳体之前降低气体温度。烟囱形构件C使所述水平管道G能够通过上板1S与壳体1的外部连通。优选地，这种烟囱形构件C相对于电池模块M的分布而布置在中间位置。
在下板1I中仍与电池模块中的开口M1相对应地制作另外的开口，以促使气体从底部朝上循环。
下板1I也配备有围绕上述开口的合适的衬垫H，以促进朝向壳体1内部的气密排放通道的实现。
有利地，所限定的通道仅通过止回阀朝壳体外部打开，因此在仅有一个电池模块出故障的情况下，热气被排出而不冲击内部电路和内部部件或者电池模块组的其他相邻电池模块。
另外，路径被强制通过上述管道G以在热气被排出之前冷却热气，以保护可能在附近的人的安全。
因此，显然水平板自身一方面具有传递由电池模块所散发的热的功能。另一方面，在电池损坏的情况下，水平板有助于限定热气的排放通道。
参照图5，壳体内的部分4用于容纳电子电路，并且断路器和保护装置通常与电池模块相关联。
借助于本发明，在至少一个电池损坏的情况下保护这种电路使其免于热气的冲击。
这种内部区域可以通过开口1P从外部进入。
参照图2，在不是所有用于容置电池模块的可用配置都被占用的情况下，一些排放通道是不完整的并且与壳体的内部连通。为了避免这种情况，设置管状元件3以确保上述通道的连续性，该管状元件3被布置成其延伸轴线与水平板PO垂直。
有利地，这种管状元件允许壳体变为模块化的，即就其容量而言数量较少的电池模块可以被安装在该管状元件中。
值得注意的是，借助于上述热气的排放通道的可操作性，本领域技术人员立即识别竖直方向或水平方向，还参照图1至图5自身、根据附图标记的定向来识别竖直方向或水平方向。
对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是，可以在不脱离本发明范围的前提下设想本发明的其他替选实施方式和等效实施方式并简化其实践。
根据上述描述，本领域技术人员可以实现本发明，而不需要描述其他构造细节。可以在不脱离本申请范围的前提下组合不同优选实施方案中描述的元素和特征。如果在具体实施方式中没有被明确排除，则背景技术中所描述的内容必须结合本发明的特征来考虑，其构成本发明的组成部分。

Claims (8)

1.一种车辆锂电池模块(M)的壳体(1)，每个车辆锂电池模块(M)或类似物为具有至少一个热气排放口(M1)的平行六面体形状，，具有平行六面体形状的所述壳体具有上表面(1S)、下表面(1I)和周边表面(1F、1L、1P)并且具有布置在所述壳体内的彼此平行的多个水平板(PO)，所述多个水平板(PO)与多个锂电池模块层(S1、S2、S3)相间，其中，所述板中的每一个都与所述周边表面相接合以向外部环境传递热量，其中，每个电池模块被布置成使得所述排放口(M1)竖直对齐，并且其中，所述水平板中的每一个都包括在所述水平板的两个相对面上配备有合适的衬垫的相应开口(2)，以限定所述锂电池模块之间的连续且气密的排放通道。
2.根据权利要求1所述的壳体，其中，所述排放口(M1)彼此对齐并且与所述壳体的一个侧面(1F)平行。
3.根据前述权利要求1或2之一所述的壳体，其中，水平管道G在所述排放通道之上被布置成能够传送所述排放通道，所述管道具有烟囱形构件(C)，所述烟囱形构件(C)使得所述水平管道(G)能够通过所述上表面(1S)与所述外部环境连通。
4.根据前述权利要求之一所述的壳体，其中，所述下表面(1I)包括与所述排放口(M1)可操作地对应的另外的开口，以促使气体从底部朝上循环。
5.根据权利要求5所述的壳体，其中，所述下表面(1I)的所述开口被衬垫(H)环绕，以促进形成所述多个锂电池模块层之间的所述连续且气密的排放通道。
6.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的壳体，其中，所述多个锂电池模块层(S1、S2、S3)之间的所述连续且气密的排放通道仅朝向所述壳体(1)的外部是打开的。
7.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的壳体，其中，如果相应的电池模块(M)不存在，则所述通道中的至少一个通道至少部分地由布置在所述水平表面(PO)之间的管状元件(3)限定。
8.一种电动车辆或混合动力车辆，包括根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的车辆锂电池模块的壳体。
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