CN107110852A - Apparatus and method for controllably filling raceway groove with electric charge carrier - Google Patents

Apparatus and method for controllably filling raceway groove with electric charge carrier Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107110852A
CN107110852A CN201580062271.2A CN201580062271A CN107110852A CN 107110852 A CN107110852 A CN 107110852A CN 201580062271 A CN201580062271 A CN 201580062271A CN 107110852 A CN107110852 A CN 107110852A
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electric charge
charge carrier
raceway groove
maker
resonance energy
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CN201580062271.2A
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CN107110852B (en
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E·斯皮戈内
P·安德鲁
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Nokia Technologies Oy
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Nokia Technologies Oy
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    • G—PHYSICS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
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    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
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    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
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    • H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
    • H01L29/775—Field effect transistors with one dimensional charge carrier gas channel, e.g. quantum wire FET
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    • Y10S977/773—Nanoparticle, i.e. structure having three dimensions of 100 nm or less
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    • Y10S977/953—Detector using nanostructure
    • Y10S977/957—Of chemical property or presence

Abstract

A kind of device includes：It is configured as the raceway groove (4) of conduct charge carriers；And the electric charge carrier maker (22) of the electric charge carrier for filling the raceway groove is configurable to generate, wherein, electric charge carrier maker is arranged to Resonance energy transfer (FRET).Electric charge carrier maker can be nano-particle or quantum dot (22), and it is with least one structure division (28A, 28B) functionalization can test and analyze thing.Electric charge carrier maker, which can also be, is configured as nano-particle or quantum dot (22) that photoelectricity generates electric charge carrier.Raceway groove (4) can be made up of the material with very high carrier mobility, such as graphene or CNT.

Description

Apparatus and method for controllably filling raceway groove with electric charge carrier
Technical field
Embodiments of the invention are related to the apparatus and method for controllably filling raceway groove with electric charge carrier.
Background technology
Some electronic installations are configured as controllably filling raceway groove with electric charge carrier.Then the electric conductivity of raceway groove is measured Follow-up change.
For example, this electronic installation can be used for photoelectric detector.
Expect to detect the physical analysis thing of such as organic or inorganic compound using a kind of device.
The content of the invention
According to the various of the present invention but and not all embodiment there is provided a kind of device, it includes：It is configured as conduction The raceway groove of electric charge carrier；And it is configurable to generate the electric charge carrier generation of the electric charge carrier for filling the raceway groove Device, wherein, electric charge carrier maker is arranged to Resonance energy transfer.
According to the various of the present invention but and not all embodiment there is provided a kind of method, it includes：By by with electric charge The electric charge carrier maker of carrier filling raceway groove changes Resonance energy transfer to change most electric charge carriers in raceway groove Quantity.
According to the various of the present invention but and not all embodiment show there is provided such as appended claims are claimed Example.
Brief description of the drawings
Useful various examples are briefly described for understanding in order to more fully understand, now only in an illustrative manner with reference to attached Figure, in the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 shows the example of method；
Fig. 2 shows the example of the device including raceway groove and electric charge carrier maker；
Fig. 3 A and 3B show the operation of the device when electric charge carrier maker is in the first configuration；
Fig. 4 shows the behaviour of the device when electric charge carrier maker is in second configurations different from the first configuration Make；
Fig. 5 shows the dress including raceway groove He the electric charge carrier maker for being arranged to Resonance energy transfer (RET) The example put；
Fig. 6 A and 6B show official of the electric charge carrier maker in the first configuration (Fig. 6 A) and the second configuration (Fig. 6 B) The example of quantum dot can be changed；
Fig. 7 A and 7B show official of the electric charge carrier maker in the first configuration (Fig. 7 A) and the second configuration (Fig. 7 B) The example of quantum dot can be changed；
Fig. 8 A and 8B, which are shown, is applied to the functionalization quantum dot for example shown in Fig. 6 A and Fig. 6 B as shown in Figure 5 Device；
Fig. 9 A and 9B, which are shown, is applied to the functionalization quantum dot for example shown in Fig. 7 A and 7B as shown in Figure 5 Device；
Figure 10 shows the example of method.
Embodiment
Following description describes wherein as modification Resonance energy transfer (RET) results modification raceway groove 4 electric conductivity Example.Controlling the process of the electric conductivity of raceway groove 4 can be interrupted by changing Resonance energy transfer, for example, being resonated by connecting Energy transfer or by turning off Resonance energy transfer.Resonance energy transfer is a kind of process, and by the process, energy is very Approach and have the structural portion of the emission spectrum of the RET donor moieties overlapping with the absorption spectrum of RET receptor structures part Divide transfer between (moiety).Therefore, Resonance energy transfer can be by controlling the addition or removal of this structure division to control System.
It is also possible to apply the invention to the detector of the presence for analyte.Analyte may, for example, be as RET donors Or the structure division of RET acceptors, or it is marked as being used as the structure division of RET donors or RET acceptors.Alternately, analyze Thing can enable RET or disabling RET or the otherwise structure division of influence RET effect.This detector is special It is favourable, because the presence of analyte can be detected via the change of the electric conductivity of raceway groove 4, this change can detect directly, It is less to be disturbed and with high signal to noise ratio.
Fig. 1 shows the example of method 100.This method includes：At frame 102, by by filling ditch with electric charge carrier 6 The electric charge carrier maker 2 in road 4 changes Resonance energy transfer (RET) to change the quantity of electric charge carrier 6 in raceway groove 4.
Fig. 2 shows the example of the device 10 including raceway groove 4 and electric charge carrier maker 2.Raceway groove 4 is configured as conduction Electric charge carrier 6, and electric charge carrier maker 2 is configurable to generate the electric charge carrier 6 for filling raceway groove 4.In addition, Electric charge carrier maker 2 is arranged to Resonance energy transfer (RET).
The example of the operation of device 10 is shown in Fig. 3 A, 3B and Fig. 4.Fig. 3 A and 3B are shown when electric charge carrier life The operation of device 10 when growing up to be a useful person 2 in the first configuration, Fig. 4 is shown when electric charge carrier maker 2 is in and the first configuration The operation of device 10 when different second configures.
With reference to Fig. 3 A, the generation (generation of electric charge carrier pair) of 12 pairs of electric charge carriers 6 of activation provides excitation.Show at this In example, electric charge carrier 6 is electronics (e) and hole (h).For example, activation 12 can cause electronics in electric charge carrier maker 2 It is interior to transit to higher energy level from lower level.
As shown in Figure 3 B, electric charge carrier 6 can move through the border between electric charge carrier maker 2 and raceway groove 4. The movement have modified the number density of electric charge carrier in raceway groove 4, and have modified the electric conductivity of raceway groove 4.In the example shown, Electronics 6 is retained in electric charge carrier maker 2, and the crossing the boundary of hole 6 is moved to raceway groove 4.The charge carriers cervical orifice of uterus retained Raceway groove 4 is controlled, statically changes the electric conductivity of raceway groove 4.The gate effect can be by the stability of the electric charge carrier retained And continue for some time.
It will thus be appreciated that in first configures, the response of electric charge carrier maker 2 activation 12 changes raceway groove 4 to generate Electric conductivity electric charge carrier 6.
As an example, the energy bandmatch between electric charge carrier maker 2 and raceway groove 4 produces internal field, the local electricity Field is used to ionize the excitons produced by activation 12.One electric charge carrier (being hole in this example) is attracted to ditch by (electric field) In road 4, it is left complementation carrier in electric charge carrier maker 2.Remaining complementary electric charge carrier gate raceway groove 4, electrostatic Ground changes the electric conductivity of raceway groove 4.This can allow current to enough flowings between source electrode and drain electrode.
Life-span/electric charge carrier of the electric charge retained in gain=electric charge carrier maker 2 is by raceway groove when getting over Between.
It therefore, it can the life-span by extending the electric charge retained in electric charge carrier maker 2 and will be subtracted by increase The mobility of the raceway groove for the transition time that few electric charge carrier passes through raceway groove increases gain.
Fig. 4 shows that in second configures electric charge carrier maker 2 is not responding to activation 12 to generate electric charge carrier 6.
It is some but and not all example in, when electric charge carrier maker 2 is in the first configuration and the second configuration A configuration when, Resonance energy transfer (RET) is activated, and when electric charge carrier maker 2 is in the first configuration and the Two configuration in another configuration when, Resonance energy transfer (RET) is disabled.
It is some but and not all example in, RET can provide the means for occurring electric charge carrier generation.RET is by supplying Body starts, and this causes electric charge carrier to generate.Donor is removed to forbid RET and forbid electric charge carrier to generate.Bioluminescence resonance Energy transfer (BRET) is the RET of the type example.
It is some but and not all example in, RET can provide the alternative solution of electric charge carrier generation.RET passes through Add acceptor to start, this forbids electric charge carrier to generate.FRET (FRET) is the type RET example.
For example, it is some but and not all example in, (the figure when electric charge carrier maker 2 is in the first configuration 3A), bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) can be activated.Bioluminescence resonance is removed from electric charge carrier maker 2 Energy transfer (BRET) donor moieties configure the configuration of electric charge carrier maker 2 from the first configuration change to second (Fig. 4), and disable bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET).In this example, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) It is the means for occurring electric charge carrier generation.Activation 12 activates bioluminescence.
For example, it is some but and not all example in, when electric charge carrier maker 2 is in the first configuration (Fig. 3 A, 3B), FRET (FRET) can be disabled.FRET (FRET) receptor structure part is added to By the configuration of electric charge carrier maker 2 from the first configuration change to the second configuration (Fig. 4) in electric charge carrier maker 2, and Enable FRET (FRET).In this example, FRET (FRET) is electric charge carrier generation Replacement method for optimizing.Activation 12 can be adapted for causing what the photoelectricity of electric charge carrier 6 in electric charge carrier maker 2 was generated The photon of wavelength.
It should be appreciated that the electric charge carrier 6 generated includes the first electric charge carrier 6 (for example, electronics) and the second electric charge Carrier (for example, hole).Electric charge carrier maker 2 be configured as capture the first electric charge carrier (for example, electronics) without It is the second electric charge carrier (for example, hole).Therefore, the second electric charge carrier (for example, hole) filling raceway groove 4.Charge carriers Sub- maker 2 can have the unmatched work function of work function with raceway groove 4.
Fig. 5 shows the example of foregoing device 10.It includes being configured as the raceway groove 4 of conduct charge carriers 6 With the electric charge carrier maker 2 for being configurable to generate the electric charge carrier 6 for filling raceway groove 4, wherein, electric charge carrier life Grow up to be a useful person and 2 be arranged to Resonance energy transfer (RET).
In this example, raceway groove 4 is provided by the material with very high charge carrier mobility.The material may be used also It is sensitive to field-effect to generate high-gain.The example of suitable material is graphene.For example, the graphene 20 of individual layer or bilayer can For use as raceway groove 4.In the example shown, the layer of graphene 20 is supported on dielectric substrate 21.
For raceway groove 4 other suitable materials include such as carbon material, such as graphene, reproducibility graphene oxide, CNT (CNT) it is carbon nano-structured etc..
The desired character of raceway groove is that to allow field-effect, very high (channel conductivity is easy to volume ratio for high surface area Ground is impacted), high charge carrier mobility is to cause the carrier transit time very little (photoconductive gain by raceway groove It is high), and low resistance is to cause noise characteristic fine.
In this example, electric charge carrier maker 2 by having functionalised to form the multiple of functionalization quantum dot 22 Quantum dot 24 is formed.Functionalization quantum dot 22 may, for example, be functionalized nanoparticle.
However, in other examples, electric charge carrier maker 2 can be the structural portion of the strong light for absorbing and producing exciton Point, the exciton can be ionized by the internal field of the boundary formation in electric charge carrier maker 2 and raceway groove 4, with Electric charge is provided to raceway groove 4.Remaining electric charge should remain in the sufficiently long time on the structure division, so that its gate is many mutually Mend path of the electric charge carrier by the raceway groove.The example of this structure division may include organic dyestuff (ruthenium complex) and such as Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) two dimension (2D) material.
Quantum dot 24 can be the cluster of such as hundreds of or thousands of atoms.Atom can be arranged in binary compound (example Such as, PbS, CdSe, CdTe, GaAs, InAs, AlN, SiC) or ternary compound (InGaN, InGaP, InGaAs..).
Quantum dot 24 can have the size less than 100nm, can have less than 50nm or 20nm in some instances Size.The dimension (dimensions) of quantum dot 24 can be controlled, to control the quantized level and amount trimmed of quantum dot 24 The light absorbs energy of son point 24.
Therefore, quantum dot 24 absorbs the light of different wave length according to its size (quantum confinement) and its material.
In the example of hgure 5, electrode 23 is electrically coupled to raceway groove 4 to measure the electric conductivity of raceway groove 4, or otherwise examines Survey the change of the change OR gate control potential of the quantity of electric charge carrier in raceway groove 4.
Fig. 6 A and 6B show the official of the first configuration (Fig. 6 A) and the electric charge carrier maker 2 in the second configuration (Fig. 6 B) The example of quantum dot 22 can be changed.In first configures, functionalization quantum dot 22 receives activation 12 and produces electric charge carrier 6.
When functionalization quantum dot 22 is in the first configuration (Fig. 6 A), bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is opened With when functionalization quantum dot 22 is in the second configuration (Fig. 6 B), bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is disabled.It is biological Luminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is the raceway groove for occurring electric charge carrier generation.Activation 12 activates bioluminescence.
In this example, functionalization quantum dot 22 is included comprising can change functionalization (functionalization) 26 Quantum dot 24.Functionalization 26 can be changed under specific driving from second shown in the first configuration change to Fig. 6 B shown in Fig. 6 A to match somebody with somebody Put.
In Fig. 6 A the first configuration, first structure part 28A and the second structure division 28B interconnection.Second structure division 28B is connected to quantum dot 24 via first structure part 28A, and as bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) donor.
In Fig. 6 B the second configuration, first structure part 28A remains attached to quantum dot 24, but the second structure division 28B is removed or cut from the 28A of first structure part.Therefore, the second structure division 28B is no longer able to be used as quantum dot 24 Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) donor, and the generation of electric charge carrier will not occur.
Therefore, bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) donor moieties 28B is removed from functionalization quantum dot 22 The configuration of functionalization quantum dot 22 is changed to the second configuration (Fig. 6 B) from the first configuration (Fig. 6 A), and disables bioluminescence and is total to Energy transfer of shaking (BRET), forbids electric charge carrier to generate.
Although Fig. 6 A and 6B description assume that the first configuration (Fig. 6 A) before the second configuration (Fig. 6 B), is shown other In example, conversion can occur from the second configuration (Fig. 6 B) to the first configuration (Fig. 6 A) on the contrary.
It therefore, it can detection as the reactive moiety in the conversion between the first and second configurations or be marked at the One and second configuration between conversion in reactive moiety analyte presence.
Fig. 7 A and 7B show the official of the first configuration (Fig. 7 A) and the electric charge carrier maker 2 in the second configuration (Fig. 7 B) The example of quantum dot 22 can be changed.In first configures, functionalization quantum dot 22 receives activation 12 and produces electric charge carrier 6.
When electric charge carrier maker 2 is in the first configuration (Fig. 7 A), FRET (FRET) is disabled, When functionalization quantum dot 22 is in the second configuration (Fig. 7 B), FRET (FRET) is activated.When no fluorescence During Resonance energy transfer (FRET), activation 12 can be adapted for causing the electricity in the electric charge carrier maker 2 in the first configuration The photon of the wavelength of the photoelectricity generation of charge carrier 6.
In this example, functionalization quantum dot 22 is included comprising can change the quantum dot 24 of functionalization 26.Function can be changed Change 26 under specific driving from the second configuration shown in the first configuration change to Fig. 7 B shown in Fig. 7 A.
In Fig. 7 A the first configuration, can change functionalization 26 includes being attached to the first structure part 28A of quantum dot 24. Second structure division 28B is not adhered to first structure part 28A.
In Fig. 7 B the second configuration, the first structure that functionalization 26 includes interconnecting with the second structure division 28B can be changed Part 28A.Second structure division 28B is connected to quantum dot 24 via first structure part 28A, and turns as fluorescence resonance energy Move (FRET) acceptor.Second structure division 28B is used as FRET (FRET) acceptor, because fluorescence resonance energy turns The preferred raceway groove of replacement that (FRET) provides electric charge carrier generation is moved, so electric charge carrier generation will not occur.
Therefore, FRET (FRET) receptor structure part 28B is added by function to functionalization quantum dot 22 The configuration for changing quantum dot 22 changes to the second configuration (Fig. 7 B) from the first configuration (Fig. 7 A), and enables FRET (FRET), electric charge carrier is forbidden to generate.
Receptor structure part 28B can be selected to so that its own, which is not produced, can gate the carrier of raceway groove 4, That is, it should have very short-life excitation state, such as by launching photon and rapid attenuation.
Although Fig. 7 A and 7B description have assumed that the first configuration (Fig. 7 A) before the second configuration (Fig. 7 B), at it In its example, conversion can occur from the second configuration (Fig. 7 B) to the first configuration (Fig. 7 A) on the contrary.
It therefore, it can detection as the reactive moiety in the conversion between the first and second configurations or be marked at the One and second configuration between conversion in reactive moiety analyte presence.
Fig. 8 A and Fig. 8 B show functionalization quantum dot 22 for example shown in Fig. 6 A and Fig. 6 B in the device shown in Fig. 5 Application in 10.
In Fig. 8 A and Fig. 8 B, device 10 is illustrated in left side, and functionalization quantum dot 22 is illustrated in right side.In the example In, the second structure division 28B is luciferase.
In Fig. 8 A the first configuration, probe (first structure part 28A) and luciferase (the second structure division 28B) are mutually Even.Luciferase (the second structure division 28B) is connected to quantum dot 24 via first structure part 28A, and is used as enabling electricity Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) donor of charge carrier generation.
In Fig. 8 B the second configuration, probe (first structure part 28A) is attached to quantum dot 24, but luciferase (the Two structure division 28B) it is not adhered to probe (first structure part 28A).Luciferase (the second structure division 28B) amount of being not used as Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) donor of son point 24, electric charge carrier generation does not occur.
The addition of protease can be used as driving, by luciferase (the second structure division 28B) from probe (first structure portion Divide 28A) separation, and the second configuration (Fig. 8 B) from the first configuration (Fig. 8 A) change to disabling electric charge carrier generation will be configured.
Detection circuit 40 is used for the electric conductivity for measuring raceway groove 4.For example, it can between measuring electrode 23 through raceway groove 4 Electric current.Measurement change can be used for for example detection as first and second configurations between conversion in reactive moiety or The presence of the analyte for the reactive moiety being marked in the conversion between the first and second configurations.
In this example, raceway groove 4 includes grid 23.Circuit 42 is controlled to can be used for applying voltage to grid 23, grid 23 leads to Dielectric substrate 21 is crossed to separate with raceway groove 4.The voltage on grid 23 is applied to by control, the majority carrier type of raceway groove 4 can Changed, and the quantity of electric charge carrier can be controlled in raceway groove 4.When electric charge carrier maker generates filling raceway groove 4 The charge carriers period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m, raceway groove 4 may have it is a quantity of by means of by gate electrode 23 (according to field-effect transistor (FET)) the electric charge carrier of the field-effect of induction.
It will also be understood that, in Fig. 8 A and 8B example, functionalization quantum dot 22 is provided by nano-particle 24, nano-particle 24 have features designed to be attached to Part II 28B multiple molecule trapping probes (first structure part) 28A.On nano-particle 24 Stablized using end-capping reagent 33 in the site that at least a portion is used for molecule trapping probe (first structure part 28A).According to scattered Agent (be typically biomolecule will not be denatured water cushioning liquid) selects end-capping reagent.
Fig. 9 A and 9B show functionalization quantum dot 22 for example shown in Fig. 7 A and 7B in the device 10 shown in Fig. 5 Application.
In figures 9 a and 9b, device 10 is illustrated in left side, and functionalization quantum dot 22 is illustrated in right side.
In Fig. 9 A the first configuration, probe (first structure part 28A) is attached to quantum dot 24, but the second structural portion 28B is divided to be not adhered to probe (first structure part 28A).Second structure division 28B is not used as FRET (FRET) acceptor, occurs electric charge carrier generation.
In Fig. 9 B the second configuration, probe (first structure part 28A) and the second structure division 28B interconnection.Second knot Structure part 28B is connected to quantum dot 24 via first structure part 28A, and as FRET (FRET) acceptor, Disable electric charge carrier generation.FRET acceptors equally light.
Detection circuit 40 is used for the electric conductivity for measuring raceway groove 4.For example, it can between measuring electrode 23 through raceway groove 4 Electric current.The change of measurement is used for such as detection as the reactive moiety or mark in the conversion between being configured first and second The presence of the analyte of reactive moiety in conversion of the note between the first and second configurations.
In this example, raceway groove 4 includes grid 23.Control circuit 42 can be used for passing through 4 points of dielectric substrate 21 and raceway groove From grid 23 apply voltage.The voltage of grid 23 is applied to by control, the majority carrier type of raceway groove 4 can be changed, And the quantity of the carrier in raceway groove 4 can be controlled.
It will also be understood that, in Fig. 9 A and 9B example, functionalization quantum dot 22 is provided by nano-particle 24, nano-particle 24 have features designed to be attached to the second structure division 28B multiple molecule trapping probes (first structure part) 28A.Nano-particle Stablized using end-capping reagent 33 at least some of site on 24 for molecule trapping probe (first structure part 28A).According to point Powder (be typically biomolecule will not be denatured water cushioning liquid) selects end-capping reagent.
Figure 10 shows another example of the method 10 shown in Fig. 1.As shown in figure 1, it includes frame 102, wherein, lead to Cross and change raceway groove 4 by the electric charge carrier maker 2 that raceway groove 4 is filled with electric charge carrier 6 changes Resonance energy transfer (RET) The quantity of middle most electric charge carriers 6.
In this example, method 100 can also alternatively include frame 104.In the frame, Fig. 8 A, Fig. 8 B, Fig. 9 A, Fig. 9 B Shown control circuit 42 is used to control most charge carrier types and/or charge carrier density in raceway groove 4.
Method 100 can also alternatively include frame 106, and frame 106 is including the use of the control shown in Fig. 8 A, Fig. 8 B, Fig. 9 A, Fig. 9 B Circuit 40 processed measures the electric conductivity of raceway groove 4, to detect Resonance energy transfer caused by the presence due to specific analyte Modification.
It should be appreciated that device 10 may be used as in the feelings without using such as optical module of mirror, wave filter and detector RET sensor is used under condition.Therefore, device 10 is simpler and less expensive.Device 10 can be portable, and can collect Into into another device.
In the case where the material of raceway groove 4 is graphene, sensor will be very sensitive, and can measure very small concentration Analyte.Because the very high photoconductive gain of graphene-quantum dot system.
In this example, protease or other enzymes can be used for the polypeptide chain of the configuration of destruction change functionalization quantum dot 22, lead to Cross as the second structure division 28B or with the parts of the second structure division 28B polypeptide chains marked from functionalization quantum dot Separated in 22.Second structure division 28B can be fluorogen, and can be used as FRET (FRET) acceptor, and Its separation enables electric charge carrier generation (Fig. 7 A).Alternately, the second structure division 28B may be used as bioluminescence resonance Energy transfer (BRET) donor, its separation disabling electric charge carrier generation (Fig. 6 B).
In another example, protein kinase, polymerase or other enzymes can be used for the second structure division 28B being added to official Quantum dot 22 can be changed, so as to change its configuration.Second structure division 28B can be fluorogen, and as fluorescence resonance energy Shift (FRET) acceptor, and its attachment disabling electric charge carrier generation (Fig. 7 B).Alternately, the second structure division 28B It can be used as bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) donor, and its attachment enables electric charge carrier generation (Fig. 6 A).
When electric charge carrier maker 2 includes the probe (the first structure part 28A of attachment) with avidin Multiple functionalization quantum dots 22 when, FRET can occur.This can use the conjugated quantum dot (QD) of streptavidin To realize.The capture probe that is marked with biotin and come the reporter probe marked it is hybridized to target with cyanine dye (for example, Cy5) DNA, and formation includes biotin and Cy5 sandwich hybridization body.Because the biotin of crossbred is anti-with functionalization quantum dot 22 Biotin protein interacts, so crossbred is self-assembled on the surface of quantum dot 24.Crossbred the second structure division of formation 28B, and be used as FRET (FRET) acceptor to light and prevent electric charge carrier from generating.Activating 12 can be The laser or blue led of 488 nano wave lengths.By FRET, the functionalization quantum dot 24 in the second configuration is via the miscellaneous of attachment Hand over body to launch 675nm light, rather than produce electric charge carrier 6.
In another example, using about 10 maltose-binding proteins (MBP) come by 530nm quantum dot functionalizations, Each carrys out separate marking with Cy3 and cysteine 95 (absorption maximum about 556nm, emission maximum about 570nm).β-CD- Cy3.5 (absorption maximum about 575nm, emission maximum about 595nm) is attached to, to form QD-10MBP-Cy3- β-CD- The quantum dot 22 of Cy3.5 functionalizations.Functionalization quantum dot 22 excites the FRET for causing MBP-Cy3 to excite, and then FRET is excited β-CD-Cy3.5.Maltose substituted beta-the CD-Cy3.5 of addition, the change for causing increased Cy3 transmittings and electric charge carrier to generate Change.
In another example, bioluminescent protein renilla luciferase (Luc8) may be used as bioluminescence resonance The second structure division 28B of energy transfer (BRET) donor.
According to example, target matrix and tag fusion to Luc8.Resulting combination is via making Luc8 compounds close to quantum The label of point 24 carrys out functionalization quantum dot 24.When adding Luc8 matrix enteric plain (if the presence of Ni 2+ ions), come from Luc8 bioluminescence, enables BRET (Fig. 6 A).Combination functionalization can digest target matrix to change by using target enzyme, with Change the configuration of quantum dot and remove the second structure division 28B (Fig. 6 B).The example of label is polyhistidine (polyhisitidine), the example of target is matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2).
It should be appreciated that can detect that between the configuration of control first and second be active analysis in the conversion of (to/from) The presence of thing.Analyte can cause or promote the second structure division 28B attachment/separation.Analyte can prevent or prevent Two structure division 28B attachment/separation.Analyte can be or can the second structure division of mark 28B.Analyte can be or First structure part 28A can be marked.Second structure division 28B may be used as BRET donors.Second structure division 28B can be used Make FRET acceptors.First structure part 28A can enable the second structure division 28B be attached to quantum dot 24.
Above-mentioned example can apply to detect physics analyte, such as organic compound, inorganic compound or material, water-soluble Property molecule, toxin, small molecule explosive (small molecule explosive), carbohydrate, ionic species, biological point Son, DNA, protein, peptide etc..
It should be appreciated that the device 10 as above described in some instances is used as the phototransistor of analyte-sensitive.
In the case where architectural feature has been described, it can pass through one or more work(for performing architectural feature Can method replace, no matter whether the function or those functions are explicitly or implicitly described.
" module " as used herein refers to not include by the list of terminal manufacturer or some features/components of user's addition Member or device.Device 10 can be module.
Term " comprising " used in this document have comprising meaning, rather than exclusive meaning.That is, closing Indicate that the X can only include a Y or can include more than one Y in X including Y any reference.If being intended to use has The " comprising " of exclusive meaning, then will within a context by quote " only including one " or by using " by ... constitute " come bright Really.
In this Short Description, various examples are had been made with reference to.The description of the feature or function related to example indicates this A little feature or functions are present in the example.Terminology used in this article " example " or " such as " or " can with " represent either No to be expressly recited, these feature or functions are present at least in described example, regardless of whether being described as example, they can With but not necessarily exist in some or all other examples.Therefore, " example ", " such as " or " can with " refers in a class example Particular instance.The property of the example can only be the property of the example, or can be such property, or can include class In some but be not all of example class subclass property.Therefore, impliedly disclose with reference to an example rather than ginseng Another example can be used in the conceived case by examining the feature described by another example, but not necessarily must be another at this Used in one example.
Although describing embodiments of the invention in paragraph before by reference to various examples, but it is to be understood that Without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed, the example provided can be modified.
Feature described in foregoing description can be used in the combination in addition to the combination being expressly recited.
Although describing function by reference to some features, these functions can be performed by further feature no matter Whether further feature is described.
Although describing feature by reference to some embodiments, these features can also be present in other embodiments In, no matter whether other embodiments are described.
Although making great efforts to draw attention to the feature of the invention for being considered as especially important in the foregoing specification, it should manage Solution, applicant is claimed is on the combination of any patentability feature or feature referred to above and/or shown in the accompanying drawings It is no especially to highlight this point.

Claims (15)

1. a kind of device, including：
Raceway groove, it is configured as conduct charge carriers；And
Electric charge carrier maker, it is configurable to generate the electric charge carrier for filling the raceway groove, wherein, the electric charge Carrier maker is arranged to Resonance energy transfer.
2. device as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the electric charge carrier generated includes the first electric charge carrier and the second electricity Charge carrier, wherein, it is described without capturing that the electric charge carrier maker is configured as capture first electric charge carrier Second electric charge carrier, wherein, second electric charge carrier fills the raceway groove.
3. device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, the electric charge carrier maker is configured as photoelectricity and generated to be used for Fill the electric charge carrier of the raceway groove.
4. the device as described in claim 1,2 or 3, wherein, the electric charge carrier maker, which includes at least one, to be changed Functionalization, wherein, it is described change functionalization under driving first configuration second configuration between change, wherein, it is described can Change the change control Resonance energy transfer of the configuration of functionalization.
5. device as claimed in claim 4, wherein, the functionalization of changing is configured as causing resonance energy before driving Transfer, wherein, the driving disabling Resonance energy transfer.
6. the device as described in any one in Claims 1-4, wherein, the functionalization of changing is configured before driving Not cause Resonance energy transfer, wherein, the driving enables Resonance energy transfer.
7. the device as described in any one in preceding claims, wherein, the electric charge carrier maker have with it is described The unmatched work function of work function of raceway groove.
8. the device as described in any one in preceding claims, wherein, the electric charge carrier maker includes multiple amounts Sub- point.
9. device as claimed in claim 8, wherein, each quantum dot includes being used to control the multiple of Resonance energy transfer Functionalization can be changed.
10. device as claimed in claim 9, wherein, at least some use end-capping reagents changed in functionalization are sealed End.
11. the device as described in any one in preceding claims, wherein, the raceway groove has very high electric charge carrier Mobility.
12. the device as described in any one in preceding claims, wherein, the raceway groove is formed by carbon material.
13. the device as described in any one in preceding claims, it is configured as regulation in the electric charge carrier The working sensor of the analyte of the Resonance energy transfer of maker.
14. a kind of method, including：Resonance energy is changed by the electric charge carrier maker by filling raceway groove with electric charge carrier Shift to change the quantity of most electric charge carriers in raceway groove.
15. method as claimed in claim 14, in addition to：The electric conductivity of the raceway groove is measured, to detect due to particular analysis The modification of Resonance energy transfer caused by the presence of thing.
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