CN107107187B - 含铍制品的增材制造 - Google Patents
含铍制品的增材制造 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107107187B CN107107187B CN201580067148.XA CN201580067148A CN107107187B CN 107107187 B CN107107187 B CN 107107187B CN 201580067148 A CN201580067148 A CN 201580067148A CN 107107187 B CN107107187 B CN 107107187B
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- beryllium
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- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 99
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 30
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- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
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- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910018167 Al—Be Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- SOWHJXWFLFBSIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum beryllium Chemical compound [Be].[Al] SOWHJXWFLFBSIK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002048 anodisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
一种制备制品的方法,包括:沉积多个层以形成三维预制件,烧结预制件以形成烧结预制件,以及用至少一种金属浸润预制件以形成制品。其中所述多个层中的至少一层由含有铍粉末的含铍组合物形成。浸润金属可以选自铝和镁。
Description
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2014年12月12日提交的序列号为62/091,060的美国临时专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用完全并入本文。
背景技术
本公开涉及使用增材制造技术由含铍组合物制造产品的体系和方法。与其他工艺相比,本发明可以廉价地制造含有铍及其合金的复杂、轻质且具有刚性的部件,并且还可以快速制造这些部件。
增材制造(AM)是一种新的生产技术,用于直接由数字模型快速、灵活地生产原型零件、使用端零件和工具。增材制造由数字模型制造几乎任何形状的三维(3D)固体物体。通常,这是通过使用计算机辅助设计(CAD)建模软件创建所需固体物体的数字蓝图,然后将该虚拟蓝图切割成非常小的数字截面/层来实现的。每一层都以散布在床或平台的表面上的薄的粉末分布开始。在物体要形成的部位选择性地接合粉末。在建造箱内支持床/平台的活塞降低,使得可以散布下一个粉末层并选择性地接合。这种顺序分层过程在增材制造机(例如3D打印机)内重复以建立所需部分。经热处理后,去除未结合的粉末,留下半制件。
增材制造有许多优点,包括:大大减少从设计到原型到商品的时间。示范单元和部件可以迅速地生产。部件可以由任何几何形状构成,并且通常由任何材料制成,包括陶瓷,金属,聚合物和复合材料。可以对材料组成、微观结构和表面纹理进行局部控制。运行设计可以改变。多个部件可以在单次装配中构建。在生产原型之前,不需要复杂的潜在的一次性模具或工具。需要最少的能量来制作这些3D固体物体。还减少了废弃物和原材料的量。增材制造还有助于生产极其复杂的几何零件。支撑材料可用于制造悬垂物、底切和内容积。增材制造还减少了零件的交易库存,因为零件可以按需在现场快速制作。
两种常规增材制造方法包括电子束熔融和激光烧结。在电子束熔融中,在沉积金属粉末后,松散的金属粉末截面通过电子束熔融或熔合。在激光烧结中,使用激光束来烧结松散压制的金属粉末截面的区域。术语“烧结”是指通过该过程,微粒由于外部施加的能量而粘附到固体物质中。激光烧结也会将给定的截面与其下面的已经烧结的截面熔合在一起。当从增材制造机移除时,未经激光束撞击的金属粉末保持松动并从成品部件脱落。或者,可以通过真空处理或使用诸如压缩空气等流体来洗涤成品部件并去除任何松散的粉末来去除成品部件上的粉末。还可以对部件进行随后的精整步骤以产生所需的特性。这些步骤包括但不限于进一步固化,烧结,浸润,退火和最终表面精整。
第三种增材制造方法包括粘结剂喷射。在粘结剂喷射中,在沉积金属粉末之后,选择性地沉积液体粘结剂以将粉末颗粒粘合在一起。成品部件通过分层的粉末和粘结剂而发展。粘结剂喷射可得到未加工的部件。术语“未加工的部件”是指所制造的待用其他制造技术进一步加工的制品或预制件。例如,金属未加工部件通过在炉中烧结并用至少一种金属浸润而得到进一步加工。浸润填充所烧结的预制件内的空隙。
铍是一种具有非常理想性能的金属。包括高刚度(杨氏模量=287GPa),低密度(1.85g/cc),高弹性模量(130GPa),高比热(1925J/kg·K),高导热率(216W/m·K),和低线性热膨胀系数(11.4x106/°K)。因此,铍及其复合材料可用于航空和航天结构、高性能发动机和制动器、以及用于热性能和振动阻尼的电子部件。铍及其复合材料也可用于燃烧应用、超音速运载工具和核能增长应用。
另外,相较于其他金属,例如钛和钛合金,由铍和铍金属间化合物制成的制品具有许多优点,包括用于连续使用的高比模量和更高的温度范围。
然而,铍的其他性质使得难以使用增材制造技术由铍制备部件和结构。铍容易氧化,并且易于与碳、氮及其他材料反应。在熔融状态下,铍还会经历快速晶粒生长。此外,这种材料在室温下通常是脆性的,这部分归因于其复杂的晶体结构。因此,像电子束熔融和激光烧结这种需要金属粉末局部熔合的增材制造技术不易于应用于铍。因此人们期待一种可应用于含铍组合物的增材制造技术。
发明内容
本公开涉及通过增材制造(AM)技术由铍制备制品的方法。由铍和/或铍合金制造的制品包含至少一种金属,例如铝或镁。
在多个实施方案中公开了一种制备制品的方法,包括沉积多个层以形成三维预制件;烧结该预制件以形成烧结预制件;以及用至少一种浸润金属浸润所述烧结预制件以形成制品。所述多个层中的至少一层由含有铍粉末的含铍组合物形成。所述浸润金属可以选自铝和镁。
含铍组合物还可以包含粘结剂。在一些实施方案中,粘结剂选自聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯醇、火棉胶或硅酸盐。含铍组合物可包含0.1至99.9重量%的粘结剂和0.1至99.9重量%的铍粉末。
在一些实施方案中,铍粉末包含涂覆有镍的铍颗粒。铍粉末可以包含约92重量%至小于100重量%的铍和大于零重量%至约8重量%的镍。
在一些实施方案中,制品包含0至约5重量%的镍,约58至约65重量%的铍和约30至约42重量%的铝。
所述沉积可以在约室温下进行。
在一些实施方案中,所述方法还包括在烧结预制件之前固化所述多个层。所述方法还可以包括在烧结之前且固化之后去除松散的粉末。
有时,所述制品是经退火的。退火的制品可以被精整,例如通过抛光或电镀来进行。
还公开了通过本文所述的方法形成的制品。通常,这些制品由铍与至少一种其它金属(如铝或镁)的合金形成。这些制品可以具有以下性质的任意组合:密度约1.5g/cc至约2.5g/cc;25℃下的热膨胀系数约5ppm/℃至约25ppm/℃;弹性模量约100GPa至约300GPa;屈服强度约150MPa至约900MPa;和/或极限拉伸强度约170MPa至约1000MPa。
下面更具体地说明这些和其它非限制性特征。
附图说明
下面是附图的简述,其目的为举例说明而非限制本文所公开的示例性实施方案。
图1是示出根据本公开制备物品的方法的示例性实施方案的流程图。
具体实施方式
参考以下所期望的实施方案及其中所包括的例子的详细描述,可以更容易地理解本公开。在说明书和权利要求书中,将提及被定义为具有以下含义的若干术语。
除非另有定义,本文使用的所有技术和科学术语具有与本领域普通技术人员通常理解的相同的含义。在有冲突的情况下,以本文件(包括定义)为准。虽然与本文所述的方法和材料类似或等同的方法和材料可以用于本公开的实践或测试,但优选的方法和材料如下所述。本文提及的所有出版物、专利申请、专利和其它参考文献的全部内容通过引用并入本文。本文公开的材料、方法和实施例仅是说明性的而不是限制性的。
除非上下文中另有明确说明,单数形式的“一个”、“一种”和“所述”包括多个指代物的情况。
如在说明书和权利要求书中使用的,术语“包括”可以包括“由...组成”和“基本上由...组成”的实施方案。本文所用的术语“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“有”、“能够”、“含有”及其变化形式旨在表示开放式的过渡短语,其要求具有所提到的成分/步骤,并且允许具有其他成分/步骤。然而,这种描述应被解释为还描述了组合物或方法“由所列举的成分/步骤组成”和“基本上由所列举的成分/步骤组成”的情况,其只允许具有所指出的成分/步骤,以及任何可能由此产生的杂质,并排除了其他成分/步骤。
在本本申请的说明书和权利要求书中,与聚合物或聚合物组合物有关的数值反映了可能含有不同特征的各聚合物的组合物的平均值。本文公开的数值应被理解为:包括减少到相同有效数字位数时相同的数值、以及与所述值之间的差值小于本申请中所述的用以确定该值的常规测量技术的试验误差的数值。
本文中所披露的全部范围均包括所列的端值,并且是可独立组合的(例如,范围“2g至10g”包括端值2g和10g,并且包括全部的中间值)。本文公开的范围的端点和任何值都不限于精确的范围或值;它们不精确到足以包括近似这些范围和/或值的值。
如本文所使用的,可以应用近似用语来修饰可能变化的任何定量表征,而不导致与其相关的基本功能的改变。因此,由一个或多个术语(如“约”和“基本上”)修饰的值在某些情况下可以不限于指定的精确值。修饰语“约”还应被视为公开了由两个端值的绝对值所确定的范围。例如,“约2至约4”的表述还公开了范围“2至4”。术语“约”可以指指定数目加或减10%。例如,“约10%”可表示9%至11%的范围,“约1”可指0.9-1.1。
对于本文中的数值范围的叙述,可明确地预期该范围内具有相同精度的各中间数值。例如,对于范围6-9,除了6和9之外,还可预期数7和8,对于范围6.0-7.0,可明确地预期数6.0,6.1,6.2,6.3,6.4,6.5,6.6,6.7,6.8,6.9和7.0。
本公开可涉及特定工艺步骤的温度。应注意,这些通常是指热源(例如炉子、烘箱)被设定的温度,并不一定指的是材料暴露于热量时必须达到的温度。
本公开涉及使用增材制造(AM)技术由铍制备制品的方法。图1示出了根据本公开的制备制品的方法100的一般步骤。在步骤110中,多层第一含铍组合物以预定的图案沉积以形成三维预制件。在可选步骤120中,固化所述多个层以促进相邻层之间的内聚,以形成固化的预制件。在可选步骤130中,例如通过真空处理从固化的预制件中除去第一组合物中的松散颗粒。在步骤140中,将未固化/固化的预制件烧结以形成烧结预制件。该烧结预制件是相对多孔的。接下来,在浸润步骤150中,用金属浸润烧结预制件以形成制品。在可选步骤160中,制品可以被退火。在可选步骤170中,对退火的制品进行例如抛光或镀覆等精整以获得光滑的表面。
含铍组合物包含铍粉末。铍颗粒可主要由纯铍或铍合金组成。示例性铍合金包括二元合金,其含有约35重量%至约65重量%的铍和约35重量%至约65重量%的铝,该二元合金为Materion公司市售的具体的铍金属包括S-65级(99.2%的最低Be含量,0.9%的最大BeO)、S-200(98.5%的最低Be含量)、B-26、I-220(热等静压铍,最低98%的铍含量)、O-30(热等静压铍,最低99%的Be含量,最大BeO 0.5%)和UHP 9999(最低99.9%铍含量),均可从Materion公司获得。
铍粉末可以具有约1微米至约200微米的粒度,包括约25微米至约70微米。粒度为D50,或颗粒体积累积百分比达到50%的直径。换句话说,50%的给定体积的颗粒具有较小的直径,而50%的颗粒具有较大的直径。
在一些实施方案中,铍粉末是含铍组合物中唯一的组分。在这些实施方案中,铍粉末为具有核-壳结构的颗粒的形式,其中铍构成核,覆层构成壳。壳将铍与周围环境相隔离,以减少/防止氧化或与粘结剂(通常为碳基的)的反应。在一些实施方案中,覆层包含镍,镍为纯镍或镍合金的形式。核可以是颗粒的0.1重量%至99.9重量%,或者50重量%至99.9重量%,或是颗粒的约92重量%至小于100重量%。在一些实施方案中,覆层可以为颗粒的0.1重量%至99.9重量%,或者0.1重量%至50重量%,或大于0重量%至约8重量%的镍。在具体实施方案中,铍粉末包含约92重量%至小于100重量%的铍和大于0重量%至约8重量%的镍。通常,可以想到覆层构成成品的一部分。
在其它实施方案中,将铍粉末与将铍与周围环境隔离的合适的粘结剂混合。可以基于本公开的含铍组合物的化学和物理性质来选择粘结剂。粘结剂的一些非限制性实例包括呋喃、酚和水基粘结剂。粘结剂的其它非限制性实例包括聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯醇、火棉胶或硅酸盐。在这些实施方案中,含铍组合物含有0.1至99.9重量%的铍粉末。含铍组合物还含有0.1至99.9重量%的粘结剂。通常,铍粉末是含铍组合物的主要成分(按重量计)。可以预期粘结剂在烧结过程中被“烧除”,并且不与铍反应。在这些包括粘结剂的实施方案中,根据最终用途,铍粉末可以是未涂覆的,或者可以是如上所述的核-壳结构。
然后使用增材制造(AM)系统由含铍组合物制成三维预制件。示例性增材制造系统是包括构建箱和电源的三维打印机。构建箱包括构建平台、侧壁、门字架和至少一个沉积头(通常至少两个)。构建平台通常是其上沉积有含铍组合物层的平坦表面。基于由计算机操作的控制器提供的信号,构建平台沿着相对于门字架垂直的z轴移动。侧壁与构建平台配合以形成容纳沉积粉末的“盒”。通常,侧壁保持在固定位置,且构建平台向下移动以允许沉积下一层粉末。
期望门字架被配置为使沉积头基于控制器提供的信号在构建箱周围沿水平x-y平面移动。水平x-y平面是由x轴和y轴定义的平面,其中x轴、y轴和z轴彼此正交。还可以使用其它类似的排布,使得构建平台和沉积头可相对于彼此移动。构建箱通常由壳体封闭,使得增材制造过程中可以使用惰性气体。
沉积头用于在构建平台上的特定位置上沉积含铍组合物。可以预期,在一些实施方案中,存在两个这样的沉积头。一个沉积头用于沉积含铍组合物。另一个沉积头可用于沉积支撑材料。支撑材料用于对含铍组合物提供支撑,从而可以获得制品的最终期望的形状。例如,支撑材料可以沉积在下层中以支撑悬垂铍,悬垂铍被置于位于下层上的上层中以直接位于支撑材料的上方。一旦含铍组合物被硬化,就可以通过例如冲洗去除或真空处理去除来除去支撑材料。示例性的支撑材料包括铸砂和聚合物。
沉积头通常以彼此固定的关系安装,并且经由门字架相对于构建平台移动。每个沉积头还连接到用于由该特定的头沉积材料的电源。材料由沉积头通过喷嘴或孔口沉积。
在本公开的增材制造方法中,以预设的图案沉积多层含铍沉积物。确定每个层的预设图案,使得组合的层形成所需的制品。每个层由含铍组合物形成。通常,各层沉积在另一层上或与另一层相邻,使得在各层中含铍组合物的某些部分与另一层中含铍组合物的一部分接触。每层的厚度可以在约10微米(μm)至约120μm的范围内。含铍组合物的沉积通常在室温下进行。再次说明,如果需要,这种沉积可以在惰性稀有气体如氩气的存在下进行。
当含铍组合物为粉末形式时,粉末颗粒应以相对较高的速率均匀地沉积。除了需要具有较大孔隙度的部分,粉末颗粒可优选以较高密度装填。用于胶体科学和粉末分散化学领域的已知技术可用于以所需速率和密度提供这种粉末的所需的均匀沉积。当含铍组合物含有粘结剂时,可以将含铍组合物加热,然后以熔融单丝的形式挤出。
在沉积各层后,通过暴露于热源将该层部分固化。预期这种部分固化会使核-壳颗粒的壳或粘结剂变粘,从而促进含铍组合物在给定层内和层之间的结合。
在具体实施方案中,重复沉积含铍沉积层并部分固化该层的步骤。所得到的层的组合导致形成三维预制件。预制件是非常多孔的,并且通常由约30体积%(体积%)至约60体积%的含铍组合物组成,其余为空隙。
在一些实施方案中,在沉积含铍组合物的粉末层之后,可以在选择性烧结或熔融粉末层之前通过暴露于热源来固化沉积层。在沉积粉末层及可选的固化该层之后,根据基于由控制器提供的信号的预设图案选择性地烧结或熔融该粉末层。在一些实施方案中,根据多层CAD模型确定预设图案。可以使用电子束或激光束进行烧结或熔融。在一些实施方案中,电子束或激光束的功率密度为约104W/mm2至约107W/mm2。烧结或熔融可在真空下或惰性稀有气体如氩气存在下进行。重复沉积粉末层、可选地固化该层以及烧结或熔融该层的步骤,直到形成三维预制件。
在其它实施方案中,在沉积含铍组合物的粉末层之后,选择性地沉积液体粘结剂以将粉末颗粒结合在一起。粘结剂选自呋喃,酚,硅酸盐和水基粘结剂。根据基于由控制器提供的信号的预设图案选择性地沉积含铍组合物的粉末层和粘结剂。可以根据多层CAD模型来确定预设图案。重复布置粉末和粘结剂的步骤,直到形成三维预制件。
接下来,多孔预制件可以完全固化120以产生用于处理的生强度(greenstrength),并促进相邻层之间的内聚力。固化可以在炉子中进行。固化可以进行约6至约12小时,包括约9小时。再次说明,这是设定热源的温度,不一定是预制件达到的温度。此外,再次说明,根据需要,固化可以在惰性稀有气体如氩气的存在下进行。这种固化通常使预制件致密化。
固化后,将预制件与任何不期望的材料(例如松散粉末、支撑材料等)进行分离130。这可以通过例如真空处理或鼓风来完成。根据需要,可以回收这些材料。
然后将预制件烧结140以形成烧结预制件。烧结140可以在坩埚(例如,石墨坩埚)中完成。烧结“烧除”了可能存在的任何粘结剂,并导致金属颗粒(包括铍本身)的冶金接合。在烧结之后,烧结预制件的孔隙率可以在约30体积%(体积%)至小于100体积%的范围内。根据需要,可以在真空下或惰性稀有气体如氩气下进行烧结。
接下来,用至少一种金属将烧结预制件浸润150。示例性金属包括铝,镁,锂及其合金。浸润填充了烧结预制件内的空隙。因此,制品的相对密度增加至约90%至100%。相对密度是实际制品与不含空隙的物品的密度之比,与孔隙率不同。通常,使用了支撑物制造预制件,并且浸润用金属通过支撑物通过毛细作用被吸入预制件。然后在加工后去除支撑物,以获得制品。
在具体实施方案中,仅用铝进行浸润。在其他实施方案中,仅用铍进行浸润。取决于含铍组合物中的材料,所得制品可完全只由(1)铍或铝、或(2)铍和镁构成。如果铍为镍涂覆颗粒的形式,则所得制品可完全只由(3)铍、镍和铝;或(4)铍、镍和镁构成。如上所述,铍粉末本身可以是合金,例如与铝的合金。根据烧结预制件的表面能,可能需要在约1至约1000个大气压的压力下进行浸润。
接下来,通常对烧结制品进行退火160。退火通常是指温度升高的热处理,然后将材料缓慢冷却至室温。烧结、浸润和退火可以连续进行。由于在烧结和浸润中使用了高温,这里的退火通常仅由冷却构成。退火可以降低制品的拉伸强度和屈服强度,使得制品对于处理和可选的后加工(例如研磨,钻孔和攻丝)不那么脆弱。
如果需要,之后可以对制品进行精整170。精整可以包括对制品进行抛光和/或镀覆。通过例如喷珠或滚筒抛光可以降低制品表面粗糙度。可以在镍上应用通常的铝保护涂层,例如Alodine或镉,或无电镀镍镀层或阳极氧化。
本文描述的方法和工艺被认为能够产生具有高刚度的复杂的轻质部件,并且要比其它工艺更加便宜且更快速。
可以设想,与较高纯度的金属产品相比,所述制品的Al-Be或Mg-Be或Al-Mg-Be或Al-Be-Ni或Al-Mg-Be-Ni组成会允许存在更多的杂质或合金元素,同时仍然获得了与这些较高纯度金属产品非常相似或相同的特性。与必须使用较高纯度铍产品的制造工艺相比,这些增材制造工艺还通常更加容易和便宜。
在具体实施方案中,制品含有0重量%至约5重量%的镍、约58重量%至约65重量%的铍和约30重量%至约42重量%的铝。
所述制品可以具有以下性质的任意组合:密度为约1.5g/cc至约2.5g/cc;25℃时热膨胀系数为约5ppm/℃至约25ppm/℃;弹性模量为约100GPa至约300GPa;屈服强度为约150MPa至约900MPa;和/或极限拉伸强度为约170MPa至约1000MPa。
预期所得到的具有铝-铍金属基体的制品可以将铍的高模量和低密度特性与铝的制造和机械性能相结合。这包括具有高比刚度和良好的加工特性。例如,所述制品应该是可焊接的,对加工损伤不敏感,并且在加工后不需要像铍一样进行刻蚀。它们应具有良好的弹性模量、低密度和高热容。高模量-密度比使挠曲最小化并减少机械诱导失效的可能性。高导热性可用作散热器。与其他材料如单独的铝相比,预期的低CTE与普通陶瓷芯片载体的CTE应更加匹配。CTE匹配越好,施加在焊点的应力越小,从而增加了焊点的疲劳寿命,并且电路板寿命越长。
本公开已参照示例性实施方案进行了说明。显然,在阅读和理解前面的详细描述后,其他人会进行修改和更改。本公开旨在被理解为包括在所附权利要求书或其等价形式的范围内的所有这些修改和更改。
Claims (18)
1.一种制备制品的方法,包括:
沉积多个层以形成三维预制件,其中所述多个层中的每个层由含有铍粉末和粘结剂的含铍组合物形成;
烧结所述预制件以形成烧结预制件并烧除粘结剂;和
用至少一种金属浸润所述烧结预制件以形成所述制品。
2.权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述至少一种金属选自由铝,镁和锂组成的组中。
3.权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述粘结剂选自由聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯醇、火棉胶和硅酸盐组成的组中。
4.权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述含铍组合物包含0.1重量%至99.9重量%的粘结剂、和0.1重量%至99.9重量%的铍粉末。
5.权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述制品包含0重量%至5重量%的镍、58重量%至65重量%的铍、以及30重量%至42重量%的铝。
6.权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述沉积在室温下进行。
7.权利要求1所述的方法,还包括在烧结所述预制件之前固化所述多个层。
8.权利要求7所述的方法,还包括在烧结之前且固化之后去除不需要的材料。
9.权利要求1所述的方法,还包括对所述制品进行退火。
10.权利要求9所述的方法,还包括精整所述退火的制品。
11.权利要求10所述的方法,其中所述精整包括选自由抛光和镀覆组成的组中的至少一种动作。
12.一种制备制品的方法,包括:
重复沉积多个层并部分固化沉积层以形成三维预制件,其中所述多个层中的每个由含有铍粉末和粘结剂的含铍组合物形成;
烧结所述三维预制件并烧除粘结剂以形成烧结预制件;和
用至少一种金属浸润所述烧结预制件以形成所述制品。
13.由权利要求1-12中任一项所述的方法形成的制品。
14.权利要求13所述的制品,其密度为1.5g/cc至2.5g/cc。
15.权利要求13所述的制品,其在25℃下的热膨胀系数为5ppm/℃至25ppm/℃。
16.权利要求13所述的制品,其弹性模量为100GPa至300GPa。
17.权利要求13所述的制品,其屈服强度为150MPa至900MPa。
18.权利要求13所述的制品,其极限拉伸强度为170MPa至1000MPa。
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US11904391B2 (en) | 2024-02-20 |
US10500639B2 (en) | 2019-12-10 |
CN107107187A (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
JP2018505299A (ja) | 2018-02-22 |
JP7064878B2 (ja) | 2022-05-11 |
US20160167133A1 (en) | 2016-06-16 |
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