CN107104450B - Control method for three-phase to single-phase balance transformer - Google Patents
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/26—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
- H02J3/16—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/10—Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS]
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/50—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
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Abstract
A control method of a three-phase to single-phase balance transformer is based on the three-phase to single-phase balance transformer, two phases at a secondary side are connected in series to be used as a single phase through a transformation ratio design, then an inductor, a capacitor and a 2-phase 3-wire inverter are used for forming a comprehensive compensation unit, and stepless no-difference automatic balance of the three-phase to single-phase balance transformer is realized by switching a reactive compensation capacitor and a phase-shifting capacitor inductor and controlling output current of the 2-phase 3-wire inverter. The method can realize the high-power-factor stepless non-differential automatic three-phase distribution of the single-phase load, and effectively solves the problem that the single-phase large load is easy to cause three-phase unbalance of the distribution transformer area; by the capacity matching of the thyristor switched capacitor and the inverter, the economy and the balance effect of the device can be optimal; under different targets, the reactive power of the line can be adjusted by adjusting the compensation strategy, the voltage of the line can be indirectly compensated, and the comprehensive management of the transformer area is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a control method for a three-phase to single-phase balance transformer, belonging to the technical field of transformers.
Background
The low-voltage distribution area causes unbalanced three-phase load due to random access of users, currents flowing through three-phase lines are possibly very different, and currents flowing through a zero line are also very large, so that the problems of serious power supply voltage quality and loss are caused. Because the voltage drop is large due to the fact that large current flows on the zero line, the neutral point of a user at the tail end is deviated, some phase voltages are too high, the user is aged due to insulation of the electric appliance, and the service life is shortened; some phase users are too low in voltage, and some electrical appliances cannot be started, so that the electricity utilization experience of the users is directly influenced. Another problem caused by three-phase imbalance is increased line loss in the transformer area. In a three-phase basically balanced platform area, the three-phase capacity of a circuit and a distribution transformer can be fully utilized, and theoretically, no current flows through a zero line and no loss is generated. In the three-phase unbalanced transformer area, the currents flowing through the three phases of the line and the transformer are not equal, and the current also flows through the zero line, so that the loss of the line and the distribution transformer is increased.
In rural areas, due to the dispersed living of users, the cost of three-phase four-wire full coverage is too high, and users generally supply power by a single-phase access power grid mode. The three-phase low-voltage power distribution network is seriously unbalanced due to the influence of random loads such as the power utilization load size and the power utilization time of a user.
At present, imbalance compensation on the user side is generally realized by a load phase commutation device or an artificial phase modulation mode. The phase-changing device needs to install a load change-over switch on a user or a line, so that the cost is high, and the voltage can drop instantly during switching to influence the power consumption of the user; the manual phase modulation has the defects that the load data of a user side is difficult to obtain, the phase modulation workload is large, and the phase modulation effect is not obvious; neither method is widely popularized and applied.
The three-phase to single-phase transformer is applied to low-voltage and large-load occasions, and for example, the study of low-voltage and large-current three-phase to single-phase transformer provides a device for performing balanced power supply from three phases to single phase by using an SCOTT transformer and a phase-shifting capacitor, and the device can be applied to low-voltage and stable large-current occasions. However, in a low-voltage transformer area, the device is frequently switched due to large load change of users, the service life of a switching switch of the device is obviously shortened, and the practicability is limited.
Direct access to three-phase lines without planning for single-phase loads can cause severe three-phase imbalance. The balance transformer can realize three-phase to two-phase power supply, when two-phase loads have the same property (namely the loads have the same size and the power factors are the same), the three phases on the primary side can be completely balanced, and the power factors are the power factors of the loads on the secondary side. However, except for some specific application occasions, the two-phase loads on the secondary side are difficult to be completely matched, and the primary side three-phase imbalance is still caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problem that serious three-phase imbalance can be caused by direct access of a three-phase line without planning of a single-phase load, and provides a control method of a three-phase to single-phase balance transformer.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a control method for a three-phase to single-phase balance transformer is based on the three-phase to single-phase balance transformer, by means of transformation ratio design, two phases at the secondary side are connected in series to be used as a single phase, then an inductor, a capacitor and a 2-phase 3-wire inverter are used for forming a comprehensive compensation unit, and stepless no-difference automatic balance of the three-phase to single-phase balance transformer is achieved by switching a reactive compensation capacitor and a phase-shifting capacitor inductor and controlling output current of the 2-phase 3-wire inverter.
The method is based on the detection of load current, and reactive current in the load current is calculated to obtain reactive current to be compensated for a reactive compensation capacitor to be switched and an inverter; the phase-shifting capacitor inductance needing to be switched and the phase-shifting current needing to be compensated of the inverter are obtained by calculating the magnitude of the active current of the load; calculating the deviation between the direct-current voltage instruction value of the inverter and the actual direct-current voltage, and obtaining active current to be absorbed from the single-phase side of the balance transformer by adopting PI control; the reactive current required to be compensated by the inverter, the phase-shifting current required to be compensated by the inverter and the active current required to be absorbed by the inverter from the single-phase side of the balance transformer are superposed to jointly form the instruction current of the inverter; the inverter output current tracking control adopts dead-beat control to realize real-time dead-beat tracking of the instruction current.
The instruction expression of the inverter needing compensating current is as follows:
wherein, IM_REFPActive current to be compensated for the M phase; i isM_REFQReactive current to be compensated for the M phase; i isT_REFPActive current to be compensated for phase T; i isT_REFQReactive current to be compensated for the T phase; i isMTRCompensating a part of load for the passive part of the comprehensive compensation unit, and then remaining load current; is the power factor angle of the remaining load current.
The residual load current IMTRComprises the following steps:
wherein, IMRChanging the phase shift current for the rest M; i isQRThe residual reactive compensation current;
wherein, IMTRIs the active current; u shapeMTIs M variable load voltage; cPIs a reactive compensation capacitor; cP0The size of each group of reactive compensation capacitor is set;
wherein, CTA T phase-shifting capacitor; cT0Changing the size of the phase shifting capacitor for each group of T; u shapeMM to M.
The power factor angle is:
wherein, IMRChanging the phase shift current for the rest M; i isQRIs left withoutThe work compensates the current.
The output current of the inverter adopts dead-beat control, a control signal is calculated by comparing the error of a controlled quantity instruction value with a sampling value, and the control signal is used for controlling to output a tracking instruction value;
m phase current instruction value iM_refTo compensate for instruction iloadM_refAnd a direct current side regulated current instruction idcM_refAnd (3) superposition, wherein the superposition modes of the T phase and the zero phase are the same:
wherein d iso(k) The duty ratio of an upper bridge arm IGBT of the inverter zero phase is set; dT(k) The duty ratio of an upper bridge arm IGBT of a T phase of the inverter; dM(k) The duty ratio of an upper bridge arm IGBT of the M phase of the inverter is set; i.e. io(k) Actual output current instantaneous values for the inverter zero phase; i.e. iT(k) Actual output current instantaneous values of the T phases of the inverter; i.e. iM(k) Outputting a current instantaneous value for M phases of the inverter actually; wherein k in the parentheses represents the present control period; t isSIs composed ofControl period of inverter IGBT (equal to inverse of inverter IGBT switching frequency)；UMIs composed ofM change Instantaneous value of voltage；UTThe instantaneous value of the T transformation voltage is.
The beneficial effect of the invention is that,
the comprehensive compensation method of the three-phase to single-phase balance transformer provided by the invention can realize high-power-factor stepless non-differential automatic three-phase distribution of single-phase load through the thyristor switched capacitor reactor and the inverter, thereby effectively solving the problem that the single-phase large load is easy to cause three-phase unbalance in a distribution transformer area; by the capacity matching of the thyristor switched capacitor and the inverter, the economy and the balance effect of the device can be optimal; under different targets, the reactive power of the line can be adjusted by adjusting the compensation strategy, the voltage of the line can be indirectly compensated, and the comprehensive management of the transformer area is realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a three-phase to single-phase balancing transformer;
FIG. 2 is a voltage-current phasor diagram of a three-phase to single-phase balancing transformer;
FIG. 3 is a calculation of the compensation command for the active portion of the integrated compensation unit;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the current required to compensate the active part of the integrated compensation unit;
FIG. 5 is a voltage control of the DC side of the inverter;
fig. 6 is a block diagram of inverter T-phase current tracking control.
Detailed Description
The specific embodiment of the invention is as follows:
the control method of the embodiment is based on a three-phase to single-phase balance transformer (Scott transformer), by means of transformation ratio design, two phases at the secondary side are connected in series to be used as a single phase, then an inductor, a capacitor and a 2-phase 3-wire inverter are used to form a comprehensive compensation unit, and stepless no-difference automatic balance of the three-phase to single-phase balance transformer is realized by switching a reactive compensation capacitor and a phase-shifting capacitor inductor and controlling output current of the 2-phase 3-wire inverter. The circuit structure of the three-phase to single-phase balance transformer is shown in figure 1.
Calculating the command of the inverter needing the compensating current:
in general, the load is a resistive load. When the Scott transformer has inductive load, the current is IMTA power factor of
The voltage and current phasors of the three-phase to single-phase balancing transformer are shown in fig. 2.
Wherein the active current is IMTPWith a reactive current of IMTQ.
In order to make the primary side input be three-phase balanced active current, the secondary side two-phase output must also be two-phase balanced active current. The comprehensive compensation unit needs to fully compensate the reactive current IMTQAnd simultaneously applying an active current IMTPPhase-shift to and UMAnd UTThe same phase, M-phase and T-phase shift currents are IMLAnd ITC.
As can be seen from the formula (2), the factor UMAnd UTQuadrature characteristic of (1), M-and T-shifted phase currents IMLAnd ITCEqual in size and lags behind U, respectivelyMAhead of UT。
If the reactive compensation is carried out through the capacitor, the capacitor is compensated in a reactive way
M phase-shifting inductor LTAnd T phase-shifting capacitor CTRespectively as follows:
and since M-phase and T-phase shift currents are equal LTAnd CTSatisfy the requirement of
In practical application, the reactive compensation capacitor and the phase-shifting capacitor inductance can be provided with a plurality of groups of switching to meet the requirement of load fluctuation, i groups are assumed to be arranged on the reactive compensation capacitor, and the capacitance of each group is CP0(ii) a The phase-shifting capacitor inductor is provided with j groups, and the size of each group of capacitors is CT0Each group of inductors has the size of
Through grouping switching, the residual reactive compensation current I after the passive part in the comprehensive compensation unit is compensatedQR
Residual M phase-shifting current IMRT phase-shift current ITRAre respectively as
The passive part equivalent to the comprehensive compensation unit compensates a part of loads, and the current of the rest loads is as follows:
angle of power factor
The residual load needs to be compensated for by integrating the active part of the compensation unit. The active part is a 2-phase 3-wire inverter, the 2 phases respectively correspond to M-transformer and T-transformer, and the 3 rd wire corresponds to a public zero line of the M-transformer and the T-transformer. The currents needing to be compensated for the M phase and the T phase of the inverter are respectively assumed to be IM_REFAnd IT_REFSplitting the compensation current into UMAnd UTThe synchronous phasor and the quadrature phasor, the instruction calculation formula can be obtained:
from equation (10), I in the inverter compensated currentM_REFPAnd UMReverse direction, IT_REFPAnd UTThe compensation commands are in the same phase and equal in size, so that the inverter cannot absorb or output active power from the scott transformer due to the compensation commands, and only active power exchange is caused between phases; i isM_REFQLagging UM，IT_REFQLeading UTBut not equal, the compensation command not only causes reactive exchange between phases, but also has reactive exchange with the Scott transformer. The active partial compensation command calculation in the integrated compensation unit is shown in figure 3,the current to be compensated for the active part of the integrated compensation unit is shown in fig. 4.
And after the M-phase compensation command and the T-phase compensation command are obtained through calculation, directly superposing and reversing to obtain a 0-phase command current.
The present embodiment controls the dc side voltage of the inverter:
therefore, the compensation instruction does not cause the inverter to absorb or output active power from the Scott transformer, the inverter does not need other branches to keep the active power balance of the inverter, only needs to absorb a small amount of loss of a reactive power maintenance main loop capacitor, a power device and the like from the Scott transformer, and the voltage control of the direct current side adopts the traditional PI control. The voltage control on the dc side of the inverter is shown in fig. 5.
The embodiment tracks and controls the output current of the inverter:
the inverter output current is subjected to dead-beat control, and the method has the characteristics of simple calculation mode and good tracking effect. The basic idea of Dead-Beat Control (DBC) is to Control a system at regular intervals, compare errors between a controlled variable command value and a sampling value, calculate a Control signal, and Control the system to output a tracking command value using the Control signal. The dead-beat control has the advantage that the control signal of each period is corrected according to the command signal and the sampling feedback value of the period, so that the compensation deviation caused by load disturbance can be corrected within one sampling period. M phase current instruction value iM_refTo compensate for instruction iloadM_refAnd a direct current side regulated current instruction idcM_refAnd the superposition mode of the T phase and the zero phase is the same.
The T-phase current tracking control block is shown in fig. 6, the M-phase control mode is similar to the T-phase, and the zero phase is a reference for the T-phase and the M-phase voltages, so that there is no voltage feed-forward value.
Claims (3)
1. A control method of a three-phase to single-phase balance transformer is characterized in that the method is based on the three-phase to single-phase balance transformer, two phases at the secondary side are connected in series to be used as a single phase through a transformation ratio design, then an inductor, a capacitor and a 2-phase 3-wire inverter are used for forming a comprehensive compensation unit, and the stepless non-difference automatic balance of the three-phase to single-phase balance transformer is realized by switching a reactive compensation capacitor and a phase-shifting capacitor inductor and controlling the output current of the 2-phase 3-wire inverter;
the control of the output current of the inverter is based on the detection of the load current, and the magnitude of the load reactive current is calculated to obtain a reactive compensation capacitor needing to be switched and the reactive current needing to be compensated by the inverter; the phase-shifting capacitor inductance needing to be switched and the phase-shifting current needing to be compensated of the inverter are obtained by calculating the magnitude of the active current of the load; calculating the deviation between the direct-current voltage instruction value of the inverter and the actual direct-current voltage, and adopting PI control to obtain active current to be absorbed from the single-phase side of the balance transformer so as to control the direct-current side voltage of the inverter; the reactive current required to be compensated by the inverter, the phase-shifting current required to be compensated by the inverter and the active current required to be absorbed by the inverter from the single-phase side of the balance transformer are superposed to jointly form the instruction current of the inverter; the inverter output current tracking control adopts dead-beat control to realize real-time dead-beat tracking of the instruction current;
the command current of the inverter is as follows:
wherein, IM_REFPActive current to be compensated for the M phase; i isM_REFQReactive current to be compensated for the M phase; i isT_REFPActive current to be compensated for phase T; i isT_REFQReactive current to be compensated for the T phase; i isMTRCompensating a part of load for the passive part of the comprehensive compensation unit, and then remaining load current; power factor angle for the remaining load current;
the residual load current IMTRComprises the following steps:
wherein, IMRChanging the phase shift current for the rest M; i isQRThe residual reactive compensation current;
wherein, IMTQFor a load current IMTA reactive component of (a); u shapeMTIs M variable load voltage; cPIs a reactive compensation capacitor; cP0The size of each group of reactive compensation capacitor is set;
wherein, IMTPFor a load current IMTThe active component of (a); cTA T phase-shifting capacitor; cT0Changing the size of the phase shifting capacitor for each group of T; u shapeML is the instantaneous value of M-transformation voltageTL phase-shifting inductance for MT0Changing the size of the phase shift inductor for each group M; u shapeTIs T variable voltage; f is the frequency of the power grid; i isTRThe residual T phase-shifting current is obtained;
the power factor angle is:
wherein, IMRChanging the phase shift current for the rest M; i isQRThe residual reactive compensation current.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inverter output current is controlled by dead beat, and the error between the controlled variable command value and the sampled value is compared to calculate a control signal, and the control signal is used to control the output of the tracking command value;
m-phase output command current instantaneous value iM_refFor compensating command current instantaneous value iloadM_refAnd the direct current side voltage stabilizing fingerLet the current instantaneous value idcM_refThe superposition mode of the T phase and the zero phase is the same:
wherein d iso(k) The duty ratio of an upper bridge arm IGBT of the inverter zero phase is set; dT(k) The duty ratio of an upper bridge arm IGBT of a T phase of the inverter; dM(k) The duty ratio of an upper bridge arm IGBT of the M phase of the inverter is set; u shapedcIs the DC side voltage of the inverter, L is the output filter inductance of the inverter, iM_refOutputting a command current instantaneous value for the M phases of the inverter; i.e. iT_refOutputting a command current instantaneous value for the T phase of the inverter; i.e. i0_refOutputting a command current instantaneous value for the inverter zero phase; i.e. io(k) Actual output current instantaneous values for the inverter zero phase; i.e. iT(k) Actual output current instantaneous values of the T phases of the inverter; i.e. iM(k) Outputting a current instantaneous value for M phases of the inverter actually; wherein k in the parentheses represents the present control period; t isSThe control period of the inverter IGBT is equal to the reciprocal of the switching frequency of the inverter IGBT; u shapeMThe instantaneous value of the M variable voltage is; u shapeTIs T transformation voltage instantaneous value;
as can be seen from the above formula, the inverter compensates for I in the currentM_REFPAnd UMReverse direction, IT_REFPAnd UTThe phases are the same, and the sizes are the same, which shows that the compensation command cannot cause the inverter to absorb or output active power from the Scott transformer, but only cause active power exchange between phases; i isM_REFQLagging UM，IT_REFQLeading UTBut not equal, the compensation command not only causes reactive exchange between phases, but also has reactive exchange with the Scott transformer.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the comprehensive compensation unit comprises a 2-phase 3-wire inverter, a reactive compensation capacitor CPT phase-shifting capacitor CTAnd M shift phase inductor LT(ii) a The 2-phase 3-wire inverter is respectively connected with one end of the T-transformer auxiliary winding and one end of the M-transformer auxiliary windingA common connection point of the T-transformer and M-transformer secondary windings connected in series, and an M-transformer phase-shift inductor LTThe M-type transformer auxiliary winding is connected with the switching switch in series and then connected with two ends of the M-type transformer auxiliary winding in parallel; t-phase-shifting capacitor CTThe T-shaped transformer auxiliary winding is connected with a switching switch in series and then connected with two ends of the T-shaped transformer auxiliary winding in parallel; reactive compensation capacitor CPAnd the T-transformer and M-transformer secondary windings are connected in series and then connected in parallel at two ends of the T-transformer and M-transformer secondary windings in series.
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