CN101170284A - Single-phase integrated power quality controller for electric railway power supply - Google Patents
Single-phase integrated power quality controller for electric railway power supply Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a single-phase universal electric energy quality controller for power supply for electrified railways, and belongs to the technical field of flexible AC power transmission and distribution; the invention comprises a single-phase multi-coil transformer composed of a primary coil and n secondary coils, so that the secondary coils of the transformer can be connected in parallel with n voltage sources of current transformers; n capacitors are connected with n voltage source current transformers, so as to form a single-phase chain-type H-bridge current transformer with n chains; the AC terminal of the H-bridge current transformer is directly connected with the traction grid through a reactor. The invention has the functions of active power control, reactive power compensation and harmonic compensation, so as to resolve three-phase voltage unbalance, voltage fluctuation, low power factor and harmonic pollution and so on that exist in ER traction transformer stations, effectively lower the capacity of traction transformers, increase ER transport capacity and transportation capability. Moreover, the invention is characterized in small occupied area, little loss and low cost, in order to gain perfect harmonic suppression characteristics and dynamic response features, and provide convenience in industrial production and improve device reliability.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to power transmission and distribution of electric power system flexible AC and electric and electronic technical field, relating to large-capacity power electronic installation and user's power quality problem administers, a kind of employing multi winding transformer of electrified railway power supply and the unified electric energy quality controller of chain type H bridge construction current transformer (Unified Power Quality Controller, UPQC) device of being used for particularly is provided.
Background technology
Electric locomotive can inject negative-sequence current electric railway (being called for short electric iron) electric power system as the large capacity single phase load, and causes power quality problems such as electric power system voltage three-phase imbalance, voltage fluctuation.The electric iron electric power system of China is the out-phase powering mode, and the influence that technology and balance transformer technology only can improve negative-sequence current is within the specific limits rotated by the institute generally phase sequence of employing, can't satisfy national quality of power supply relevant criterion in the reality usually.In addition, the out-phase powering mode intrinsic electric phase-splitting link be its weak link, and high-speed overload operation is had very big effect of contraction.Adopt the cophase supply pattern can avoid or reduce the electric phase-splitting link of traction net, and then solve a series of problems of bringing by electric phase-splitting, improve the capacity of train greatly.But the shortcoming of cophase supply scheme is to cause negative-sequence current easily, and it is even more serious that the imbalance problem that causes compares to the out-phase powering mode.
Technology by modern power electronic can be implemented negative phase-sequence control with relatively little investment, thereby guarantees the three-phase equilibrium of traction transformer high voltage side current under various electric iron load conditions, realizes the low and high controlled target of power factor of harmonic content simultaneously.This is launched big quantity research both at home and abroad, and the power electronics control device input of existing a series of types is used.A kind of based on high-capacity power balance regulator (the Balance Converter Device that turn-offs electronic power switch device IGBT (insulation gate pole bipolar transistor) or IGCT (integrated gate commutated thyristor) certainly, BCD) be one of them, as seen following three pieces of scientific and technical literatures are described: document 1:Tetsuo UZUKA Shouji IKEDO Keiji UEDA, A Static VoltageFluctuation Compensator for AC Electric Railway, PESC 2004 IEEE 35th Annual, Volume 3, Page (s): 1869-1873 Vol.3; Document 2: Ceng Guohong, Hao Rongtai is based on the cophase supply system of active filter and impedance matching transformer, Northern Transportation University's journal, 2003,25 (3): 49-54; Document 3: Ceng Guohong, Hao Rongtai is based on the cophase supply system of active filter and Scott transformer, Northern Transportation University's journal, 2003,27 (4): 84-90.Wherein, document 1 described power-balance regulator applications is in the out-phase powering mode, and document 2,3 described power-balance regulator applications are in the cophase supply pattern.
The simplification theory structure of the described BCD device of above-mentioned document as shown in Figure 1.Two big capacity voltage source converter V
1, V
2Realize that formula is electrically connected back-to-back, V by a shared dc bus capacitor C
1And V
2AC side respectively with single-phase transformer T
1, T
2Connect T
1And T
2High-pressure side port x, y and z, w insert two phase windings of traction transformer secondary side respectively with parallel way.Described capacitor C plays the voltage supporting role, by current transformer V
1, V
2The conversion of interior switching network can be at V
1, V
2But the AC side correspondence obtains the equivalent controlled voltage source of an amplitude and the equal independent regulation of phase place, and then makes the BCD device realize independent compensation to reactive current, the harmonic current of its x, y and z, w port and traction transformer secondary side two phase winding access points respectively; Simultaneously, this device can be by shared capacitor C, at V
1, V
2Control the transfer of active power between the two.The BCD device can be realized the balance of traction transformer high-pressure side three-phase current by to the regulating and controlling of active power with to the reactive power balance compensation, reaches the compensation purpose to negative-sequence current on the whole.
Electricity iron is the load of the big capacity (several MVA～tens MVA) of high pressure (27.5kV), its BCD installed capacity scope is generally several MVA between tens MVA, have characteristics such as installed capacity is big, electrical isolation is difficult, output waveform quality requirement height, need select suitable topological structure BCD device required big capacity voltage source converter V1, V2.For realizing described V
1, V
2, except that can adopting the direct series and parallel of electronic power switch device, also comprise and use many level current transformers technology and based on the current transformer series and parallel technology of transformer etc.
Be illustrated in figure 2 as an embodiment of the described BCD device of above-mentioned document.A plurality of voltage source converter V
L1, V
L2... V
LnAC side respectively with multi winding transformer T
1Secondary winding S
L1, S
L2... S
L2Link to each other to realize parallel connection; Same, V
R1, V
R2, V
RnAC side respectively with multi winding transformer T
2Secondary winding S
R1, S
R2... S
R2Connect and realize parallel connection.Current transformer V
L1, V
L2... V
LnWith V
R1, V
R2, V
RnDC side all is electrically connected with the capacitor C two ends together, described V
L1, V
L2... V
LnAnd V
R1, V
R2, V
RnAll adopt two level H-bridge current transformers topology or three level diode neutral point clamp formula converter topologies.Because these two kinds of withstand voltage being limited in scope of topological structure for realizing BCD device required voltage and capacity, need two multi winding transformers to realize the coupling and the realization electrical isolation of voltage, capacity.Therefore make this BCD scheme exist floor space big, the cost height, the shortcoming that loss is also bigger, needed passive filter capacity is big simultaneously, is difficult to obtain to use in Traction Substation of Electric Railway.
Summary of the invention
Power quality problems such as the negative phase-sequence that the objective of the invention is to exist, idle, harmonic excess at electric railway traction transformer station, overcome the deficiency that prior art exists, proposed a kind of novel single-phase unified electric energy quality controller that is used for electrified railway power supply (being called for short UPQC).With respect to existing BCD scheme, the present invention has saved a transformer, and it is little to have floor space, the little and lower-cost advantage of loss.Simultaneously,, can obtain higher equivalent switching frequency, have good waveform output characteristic and harmonic current and suppress ability in the same capability grade with under than low switch loss condition.The modular construction of chain type H bridge construction current transformer wherein makes and is beneficial to the industrial standardized production that realizes of UPQC and reduces the UPQC production cost; And be convenient to realize Redundancy Design, to improve the UPQC operational reliability.
The UPQC that the present invention proposes, adopt a single-phase multi winding transformer to realize the in parallel and electrical isolation function of a plurality of voltage source converters, it is characterized in that, comprise by a former limit winding and n the single-phase multi winding transformer that the secondary winding constitutes n voltage source converter of the secondary winding parallel connection by described transformer; The single-phase chain type H bridge current transformer of n the chain link that links to each other with a described n voltage source converter by n electric capacity, the interchange port of the single-phase chain type H bridge current transformer of this n chain link is by reactor and drawing electric network direct connection, and wherein n is the positive integer of span between 2-50.
The preferred single-phase multi winding transformer of the present invention adopts division formula connection, and each secondary winding equates fully with mutual impedance between the winding of former limit.When the more transformer of the being required to be number of windings, also can obtain by a plurality of single-phase multi winding transformers are in parallel.
Described voltage source converter all adopts single-phase two level H-bridge structures.Voltage source converter parallel with one another adopts the pulse distribution control technology (belong to routine techniques, and do not belong to content of the present invention) of phase-shifting carrier wave, makes the former avris of multi winding transformer obtain good harmonic wave suppression characteristic.
Single-phase chain type H bridge construction current transformer is in series by a plurality of single-phase two level H-bridge current transformers (being called a chain link), each chain link successively with a voltage source converter of single-phase multi winding transformer secondary winding side by dc capacitor, realize being electrically connected in " back-to-back " mode.Single-phase chain type H bridge construction AC side of converter is by connecting the supply arm (electric pressure is 27.5kV) that reactor directly inserts drawing electric network.Single-phase chain type H bridge construction current transformer adopts phase-shifting carrier wave control technology (belong to routine techniques, and do not belong to content of the present invention), makes the finally synthetic harmonic wave of output voltage of all chain links to cancel out each other, so that its outlet side obtains good harmonic wave suppression characteristic.
The present invention can adopt the control technology based on current tracking (to belong to routine techniques, and do not belong to content of the present invention), guarantee that the present invention couple and reactive current, the harmonic current of its traction transformer secondary side two phase winding access points realize the transfer of compensation and control active current, the average voltage of keeping each independent direct current electric capacity simultaneously is within setting range.Based on the Pressure and Control of energy, guarantee the mutual equalization of each independent direct current capacitance voltage.
Operation principle of the present invention is summarized as follows:
Under the out-phase powering mode, when electric iron load is uneven in the supply arm that traction transformer secondary side two phase windings link to each other, UPQC absorbs active current from the lighter side of electric iron load (being called the rectification side), and transfers to electric iron load by shared dc capacitor and weigh a side (claiming the inversion side); Absorb the loss of fraction active current supplementary device from the drawing electric network supply arm simultaneously, to keep the constant of dc capacitor voltage.Under the cophase supply pattern, the side that UPQC inserts traction net supply arm is operated in inverter mode, and opposite side works in rectification state.By the transfer of control to active current, UPQC makes the active power of traction transformer secondary side two phase loads that are attached thereto realize balance.The rectification side of UPQC and inversion side are by coordinating control, the voltage that guarantees each independent capacitance keeps within the specific limits, the active power that the rectification side draught is received satisfies the demand of inversion side constantly, avoid capacitance voltage to occur rising suddenly and the bust phenomenon, guarantee respectively to organize the equalization of current transformer dc capacitor voltage based on the Pressure and Control of energy.
When UPQC is applied to the out-phase powering mode of cophase supply pattern or phase supply arm load when unloaded, its rectification side converter adopts power factor correction technology, be that Control current waveform, phase place are closelyed follow with change in voltage, make the rectification side only absorb pure active current, avoid producing idle, harmonic current by UPQC self.
The continuous current locomotive power factor is generally about 0.8, and the reactive current that this type of electric iron load produces can be compensated by UPQC.UPQC detects the reactive current of traction transformer secondary side, produce the corresponding reactive power compensation electric current of amplitude and phase place then and inject traction transformer secondary side two phase winding access points, make and only flow through pure active current in the traction transformer, power factor is more than 0.99.
Continuous current locomotive injects most of harmonic current of electric iron electric power system, can be compensated by UPQC.UPQC harmonic current compensation principle is similar to the reactive-current compensation principle, guarantee that based on the current tracking control technology UPQC can compensate most of harmonic current that load produces, the electric current that makes compensation rear haulage transformer inject electric iron electric power system is approximately pure fundamental current.
Active current is shifted control and to the compensation of reactive current and harmonic current, three symmetrical fundamental active currents are flow through in the traction transformer high-pressure side, when solving existing power quality problem, significantly improve the traction transformer capacity utilance through UPQC.
Characteristics of the present invention and beneficial effect:
The present invention is based on the high power electronic equipment of self-on-off switching device IGBT or IGCT and pulse modulation technology (PWM), and the power capacity scope is between several MVA～tens MVA.Can be applicable to adopt the electric railway traction electric substation of out-phase powering mode and cophase supply pattern, be used to solve because the negative-sequence current that electric iron uncompensated load causes injects problem the low and harmonic wave pollution problem of the power factor that DC driven electric locomotive load causes.Have electric substation's imbalance of three-phase voltage of inhibition and three-phase voltage and fluctuate, realize dynamic passive compensation and harmonic compensation, functions such as stable traction net voltage and raising electric railway capacity.
The present invention has made full use of the application advantage of chain type H bridge construction current transformer in power electronics high pressure field.Single-phase chain type H bridge construction current transformer and 27.5kV drawing electric network supply arm direct connection that UPQC adopts saved a transformer, thereby floor space are little, and loss is little and cost is lower.Unique many windings step-up transformer has been realized the electrical isolation of UPQC both sides and the parallel connection of each winding electric potential source current transformer; Mutual electrical isolation between each current transformer in parallel helps the control of each chain link capacitance voltage of chain type H bridge construction current transformer simultaneously.Big capacity chain type H bridge construction current transformer by a plurality of chain link series connection realizations, IGBT or IGCT adopt than low switching frequency in each chain link, just can make the chain type current transformer obtain higher equivalent switching frequency, therefore make UPQC when obtaining better harmonic current suppression characteristic and dynamic response characteristic, can also keep lower switching loss, improve the operational efficiency of device.Chain structure is easy to realize Redundancy Design, and when certain chain link broke down, this chain link can be by bypass, and guarantees the still normally operation of UPQC by suitable control, has improved the reliability of UPQC.Each chain link is modular construction in the chain structure, is suitable for suitability for industrialized production, helps reducing the UPQC manufacturing cost.
This device has active power control simultaneously, and the function of reactive power compensation and harmonic compensation is the effective expansion to present active filter and STATCOM device controlled function.Can effectively solve three-phase voltage fluctuation and imbalance of three-phase voltage that traction substation exists, power factor is low, problems such as harmonic pollution, and can significantly improve capacity, the transport power of electric iron.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is existing BCD device schematic diagram based on the dual transformer isolation structure.
Fig. 2 is the existing dual transformer isolation structure BCD structure drawing of device of realizing the current transformer parallel connection by single-phase multi winding transformer.
Fig. 3 is the UPQC structure drawing of device based on single-phase multi winding transformer and chain type H bridge construction current transformer of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an i voltage source converter example structure schematic diagram by single-phase multi winding transformer parallel connection of the present invention.
Fig. 5 has the single-phase chain type H bridge current transformer example structure schematic diagram of n chain link for the present invention.
Fig. 6 uses schematic diagram for the present invention in out-phase powering mode electricity railway traction electric substation
Fig. 7 uses schematic diagram for the present invention in cophase supply pattern electricity railway traction electric substation
Embodiment
The present invention reaches embodiment in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and is described in detail as follows:
Single-phase unified electric energy quality controller (UPQC) equipments overall structure that is used for electrified railway power supply of the present invention as shown in Figure 3, this device comprises that single-phase multi winding transformer 1 is (by former limit winding P
RWith n secondary winding S
R1, S
R2... S
RnConstitute), n voltage source converter 2 of the secondary winding parallel connection by transformer 1; The single-phase chain type H bridge current transformer 3 of common n the chain link that links to each other with n voltage source converter 2 by n electric capacity, after exchanging port x ', y ' and reactor 4 is connected, passes through by the single-phase chain type H bridge current transformer 3 of this n chain link x, y port and drawing electric network direct connection, (but n is the positive integer of span between 2-50) again.
The example structure of a n of the present invention voltage source converter (because each voltage source converter structure is identical, only illustrates the structure of i voltage source converter) as shown in Figure 4 among the figure.The voltage source converter of present embodiment is single-phase two level H-bridge structures, comprises two brachium pontis, and wherein each brachium pontis is respectively by two insulation gate pole bipolar transistor (IGBT) S up and down
1, S
2And S
3, S
4And and its inverse parallel diode D
1, D
2And D
3, D
4Form.The mid point A of two brachium pontis
i, B
iRespectively with transformer i winding S
RiTwo ends connect, and two brachium pontis are connected to together at two ends up and down, constitute the dc bus and and the capacitor C of current transformer
iLink to each other, the upper end bus is anodal, and the lower end bus is a negative pole.
The single-phase chain type H bridge construction of n chain link of the present invention current transformer as shown in Figure 5, its characteristics are: arbitrary chain link L
iBe single-phase two level H-bridge current transformers as shown in Figure 4, each chain link L
iComprise a dc capacitor C
iWith two brachium pontis that are in parallel with electric capacity.Each brachium pontis is formed the IGBT switch S by two IGBT up and down and with its inverse parallel diode
1, S
3Be connected in capacitor C
iPositive pole, IGBT switch S
2, S
4Be connected in capacitor C
iNegative pole.Pass through capacitor C
i, chain link L
iWith voltage source converter V
iDc bus is shared, forms " back-to-back " structure.Each chain link series system is: chain link L
iMiddle IGBT switch S
1, S
2Place brachium pontis mid point and chain link L
I-1Middle IGBT switch S
3, S
4The mid point of place brachium pontis connects, chain link L
iMiddle IGBT switch S
3, S
4Place brachium pontis mid point and chain link L
I+1Middle IGBT switch S
1, S
2The mid point of place brachium pontis connects.Chain link L
1Left side brachium pontis mid point x ' and chain link L
nRight side brachium pontis mid point y ' respectively be connected reactance jX
1, jX
2Link to each other, as shown in Figure 3.
The embodiment of a 20MVA UPQC of the present invention is described in detail as follows in conjunction with Fig. 3:
According to the IGBT voltage withstand class of connecting system electric pressure and employing, can determine the chain link number n of chain type H bridge construction current transformer.The H bridge current transformer chain link that adopts 6500V/600A IGBT to form is owing to direct voltage fluctuates, about the desirable 2800V of its dc voltage mean value.Electricity railway traction supply arm electric pressure is 27.5kV, therefore need 14 single-phase H bridge current transformer chain link series connection could in parallelly insert on the load supply arm, for guaranteeing certain redundancy, can select 15 single-phase H bridge current transformer chain link series connection, promptly constitute the single-phase H bridge construction of 15 chain links current transformer.Correspondingly, can determine that the single-phase multi winding transformer secondary number of windings and voltage source converter number average in parallel with it are 15, each voltage source converter in parallel adopts 6500V/600A IGBT to form equally.Former limit of multi winding transformer and secondary no-load voltage ratio adopted 15: 1, and Capacity Selection is 10MVA.Among this embodiment, consider that the secondary number of windings is more, can adopt 3 capacity is 3.3MVA, and secondary is that the mode formation capacity of single-phase transformer by the parallel connection of former limit of 5 windings is the single-phase multi winding transformer of 10MVA.
The connected mode that apparatus of the present invention are applied to out-phase powering mode and cophase supply mode pulling electric substation as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7.Among Fig. 6, the AC side x of UPQC of the present invention, y and z, w port insert b, the c of two supply arms of traction transformer T and a, c 2 points respectively, make that the phase winding ob in the traction transformer secondary two-phase is in parallel with another phase winding oa by UPQC.Among Fig. 7, the phase winding bc in the traction transformer secondary two-phase is in parallel with another phase winding oa by UPQC equally.Be with the difference of out-phase powering mode, the x of UPQC, y port are connected with traction transformer secondary winding bc in the cophase supply pattern, insert traction net supply arm simultaneously, and z, the w port only links to each other with another phase winding of transformer oa and not with draw the net supply arm and be electrically connected.When being applied in the out-phase powering mode, according to the difference of phase-splitting point S two ends supply arm a, the electric iron load size of b point, there is the two-way flow of active power in UPQC, and promptly x, y and z, w two-port not only can be used as the rectification side but also can be used as the inversion side.And when being applied to the cophase supply pattern, active power is single-phase flowing, and z, w port are that rectification side and x, y port are the inversion side.For guaranteeing the normal stable operation of UPQC, adopt the instantaneous active power measurements and calculations, and the control of the coordination by rectification side and inversion side, the voltage of each independent capacitance is kept within limits, the active power that the rectification side draught is received satisfies the demand of inversion side constantly, do not make surplus and the not enough situation of producing, sharply rise or decline the safety that jeopardizes the UPQC device to avoid producing dc voltage.
Claims (6)
1. single-phase unified electric energy quality controller that is used for electrified railway power supply, it is characterized in that, comprise by a former limit winding and n the single-phase multi winding transformer that the secondary winding constitutes n voltage source converter of the secondary winding parallel connection by described transformer; The single-phase chain type H bridge current transformer of n the chain link that links to each other with a described n voltage source converter by n electric capacity, the interchange port of the single-phase chain type H bridge current transformer of this n chain link is by reactor and drawing electric network direct connection, and wherein n is the positive integer of span between 2-50.
2. controller as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described multi winding transformer adopts division formula connection, and each the secondary winding and the mutual impedance between the winding of former limit of described multi winding transformer are identical.
3. controller as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the phase-shifting carrier wave control technology is adopted in the control of n voltage source converter of described parallel connection, makes the former avris of transformer obtain good harmonic wave suppression characteristic.
4. controller as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described voltage source converter adopts single-phase two level H-bridge structures, this structure comprises two brachium pontis, and wherein each brachium pontis is formed by two insulation gate pole bipolar transistors up and down and with the diode of each insulation gate pole bipolar transistor reverse parallel connection respectively.
5. controller as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, arbitrary chain link L of the single-phase chain type H bridge construction of described n chain link current transformer
iBe single-phase two level H-bridge structures, this structure comprises two brachium pontis, and wherein each brachium pontis is formed by two insulation gate pole bipolar transistors up and down and with the diode of each insulation gate pole bipolar transistor reverse parallel connection respectively.
6. controller as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described single-phase many windings transformation adopts a plurality of many windings single-phase transformers to be formed in parallel.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101521386B (en) * | 2008-11-25 | 2010-10-27 | 北京交通大学 | Traction power supply direct hanging type high voltage comprehensive compensation device |
| CN101902048A (en) * | 2010-08-03 | 2010-12-01 | 湖南大学 | High-speed railway negative-sequence and harmonic compensation system based on two-phase three-wire system converter |
| CN101574935B (en) * | 2009-06-22 | 2011-02-16 | 北京交通大学 | Module combined power quality conditioning system for tractive power supply network |
| CN102035212A (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2011-04-27 | 清华大学 | Electric locomotive non-power-off neutral section passing-electric energy quality comprehensive compensation device and method |
| CN101453171B (en) * | 2008-09-12 | 2011-09-28 | 清华大学 | United electric energy quality controller based on series multiplex of transformer and chain type construction |
| CN102280880A (en) * | 2011-08-02 | 2011-12-14 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Electrical energy quality management device of electrified railway with differentiated compensation |
| CN102291016A (en) * | 2011-08-02 | 2011-12-21 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Electric power quality conditioner for electrified railway |
| CN102412571A (en) * | 2011-11-24 | 2012-04-11 | 华北电力大学 | Bus short circuit current limiter for parallel compensation power grid |
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