CN102280880B - Electrical energy quality management device of electrified railway with differentiated compensation - Google Patents
Electrical energy quality management device of electrified railway with differentiated compensation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of power supply and power electronic technologies and electrical energy quality management of electrified railways and in particular relates to an electrical energy quality management device of the electrified railway with differentiated compensation. The device comprises a single-phase multi-winding transformer, a low-frequency module constituted by m back-to-back voltage source current transformers which are connected with a secondary side winding of the single-phase multi-winding transformer in parallel and a high-frequency module; and the device is connected with a two-phase winding on the secondary side of a traction transformer through x, y, z and w terminals of the single-phase multi-winding transformer. Improvement is performed on the topological structure of the device, the low-frequency module and the high-frequency module are adopted for performing decoupling compensation on a low-frequency component and a high-frequency component based on the idea of the differentiated compensation, and the device has the advantages of reducing the switching loss of the device, reducing the cost of the device and facilitating industrial standard production.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electrified railway power supply, power electronic technology and power quality controlling field, specifically relate to a kind of electrified railway electric energy quality controlling device of differentiation compensation.
Background technology
That electric railway load has is non-linear, the feature of asymmetry and fluctuation.On the one hand, because electric railway traction power supply system all adopts single phase power supply mode, electric locomotive is single-phase load, and no matter which kind of mode of connection traction transformer takes, and all will to system, inject larger negative-sequence current; On the other hand, because electric locomotive adopts electronic power convertor, therefore can produce a large amount of harmonic wave injected systems.In addition, because the load of traction substation fluctuates at any time with the quantity of train in supply arm and the running status of each train, so electric railway load also has fluctuation.Along with the development of passenger traffic high speed and shipping heavy haul railway, the problems referred to above also there will be new variation in various degree.For example, high order harmonic component and negative phase-sequence problem may increase and become more outstanding because of the traction power of high-speed railway and shipping heavy duty.
For the power quality problem of above-mentioned electric railway, various indemnifying measures have been taked both at home and abroad.Wherein, commonplace method is at Traction Station installing fixed capacity (Fixed Capacitor, FC) compensation equipment.The common feature of this kind equipment is in reactive power compensation, harmonic current to be administered.But because this class device belongs to fixed compensation mode, can not flexible, so compensation arrangement send formation is idle when zero load or underloading, cause busbar voltage to raise, unfavorable to locomotive work, and when heavy duty, reactive power compensation is not enough, cannot realize dynamic compensation.Development along with power electronic technology and flexible power transmission and distribution technology, Static Var Compensator (Static Var Compensator, SVC) and STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator, STATCOM) start to be applied to the power quality controlling of electric railway.SVC for electrified railway compensating adopts single-phase thyristor-controlled reactor (Thyristor Controlled Reactor, TCR) to add the mode that FC is installed on traction side conventionally at present.This mode can be followed traction load with enough speed and be changed frequently, mainly compensates low-order harmonic and reactive power, and negative phase-sequence is also had to certain inhibitory action.But the shortcoming of this mode is: TCR itself also produces harmonic wave, has not only affected electrical network and load, also affects its compensation performance, causes system filter requirement to increase, and when full remuneration negative phase-sequence, the capacity of required compensation arrangement is very large.Single-phase, non-linear and wave characteristic for electric railway, Japan has proposed large-capacity railway power governor (the Railway Static Power Conditioner based on self-turn-off device, RPC), utilize back-to-back two large capacity current transformers to control meritorious, idle and harmonic wave, make the load of two supply arms constantly in poised state, thereby realizing the comprehensive compensation to negative phase-sequence and harmonic wave, is the good compensation way of a kind of combination property.
Because electric iron is high-voltage large-capacity load, therefore RPC device is also had to jumbo demand, be generally several MVA between tens MVA.In order to meet the large capacity of RPC device, output waveform quality requirement high, need to select suitable topological structure to the current transformer of RPC.For realizing above-mentioned target, on the one hand, can adopt the mode of power electronic device series and parallel, also can adopt on the other hand cascade, many level Semiconductor Converting Technology and the multiple technology based on transformer etc.In utero Traction Station adopts in Japan new---natural pond is the three level H-bridge structures that form based on IGCT, and AC has adopted the doubleization Techniques For Reducing harmonic wave of output voltage of transformer series connection.Newly---what eight Traction Stations, family adopted is the two level H-bridge structures that form based on IGBT, and AC adopts the quadruple mode of transformer series connection to carry out harmonic elimination.
Although the technology of above-mentioned employing cascade, many level and multiplex can improve the capacity of device, the good coordination problem between the multiple Compensation Objectives of solving device.In order to meet the relatively high power quality problem of device compensation harmonic equifrequent, conventionally need to improve the switching frequency of all power devices, this will increase switching loss and the cost of equipment greatly, increases the weight of the burden of cooling system.In fact, lower switching frequency can meet device other compensation demands except harmonic compensation function, and the switching frequency that therefore improves all power devices of device is very uneconomic scheme.
Summary of the invention
For fundamental wave reactive power, negative phase-sequence and harmonic wave, all adopt same current transformer to compensate the well coordination problem between the multiple Compensation Objectives of solving device, device compensation harmonic need to improve the switching frequency of all power devices, understand switching loss and the cost of great increase equipment, increase the weight of the problems such as burden of cooling system.The present invention proposes a kind of electrified railway electric energy quality controlling device of differentiation compensation, this device can solve the problems such as negative phase-sequence that traction station of electrical railroad exists, idle, harmonic wave, and can overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, this device can be applied to comprise the traction transformers such as single-phase and three-phase V/v wiring, Yn/d11 wiring, balance wiring.With respect to existing scheme, the present invention has made improvement on the topological structure of device, thought based on differentiation compensation, adopt low frequency module to fundamental wave reactive power and negative phase-sequence, low-order harmonic compensates, high-frequency model compensates high-frequency harmonic component, the switching frequency of low frequency module is low, loss is little, can select the switching device that electric pressure and capacity are larger, can improve the capacity of single low frequency module, under identical compensation capacity, can reduce Low-frequency Modes number of blocks, and then the secondary side winding quantity of minimizing connection transformer, reduced the cost of Project Realization difficulty and transformer, because the capacity relative low frequency module of high-frequency model is very little, can adopt the switching device of high switching frequency, improve ability and the precision of device harmonic compensation, there is the device of minimizing switching loss simultaneously, reduce installation cost, be convenient to industrial standardization production.
The object of the invention is to adopt following technical proposals to realize:
An electrified railway electric energy quality controlling device for differentiation compensation, its improvements are, described device comprises single-phase multi winding transformer, low frequency module and high-frequency model; The secondary winding of described single-phase multi winding transformer comprises low frequency module and high-frequency model in parallel; Described device respectively x, the y by single-phase multi winding transformer and z and w terminal accesses respectively two phase windings in Secondary Side of Traction Transformer.
A kind of preferred technical scheme provided by the invention is: described low frequency module comprises voltage source converter in parallel; Described voltage source converter comprises single-phase two level H-bridges and DC capacitor C
bdci; Described DC capacitor C
bdcisingle-phase two level H-bridges of both sides are connected to form " back-to-back " form.
The provided by the invention second preferred technical scheme is: described high-frequency model adopts single-phase two level H-bridge chain type cascade structures; Described single-phase two level H-bridges comprise DC capacitor C
dchiwith two and described DC capacitor C
dchibrachium pontis in parallel; Described brachium pontis is by upper and lower two insulation gate pole bipolar transistors and forming with the antiparallel diode of described insulation gate pole bipolar transistor.
The provided by the invention the 3rd preferred technical scheme is: described single-phase two level H-bridges comprise two brachium pontis; Described brachium pontis is by upper and lower two insulation gate pole bipolar transistors and forming with the antiparallel diode of described insulation gate pole bipolar transistor.
The provided by the invention the 4th preferred technical scheme is: the H bridge quantity of described chain type cascade determines according to the harmonic wave capacity of required compensation and harmonic number.
The provided by the invention the 5th preferred technical scheme is: described DC capacitor C
bdciand C
dchidesign load should guarantee that DC capacitor voltage fluctuation is no more than-5%～+ 5% of described capacitance voltage rated value.
The provided by the invention the 6th preferred technical scheme is: the pulse distribution control technology to the voltage source converter of described parallel connection and single-phase two level H-bridge chain type cascade structures employing phase-shifting carrier wave.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect that the present invention reaches is:
1, the present invention adopts the function of low frequency module implement device negative sequence compensation and reactive power compensation, low frequency module is the structure of a plurality of voltage source converter parallel connections, voltage source converter parallel with one another adopts the pulse distribution control technology of phase-shifting carrier wave, can effectively suppress the harmonic content that current transformer self produces, make the former limit of multi winding transformer obtain good harmonic responses; Wherein, each voltage source converter all adopts single-phase two level H-bridge structures, and the current transformer DC side of both sides is connected to form " back-to-back " form; And only need choose and have the output demand that just can meet low frequency module compared with the self-turn-off device of low switching frequency, each low frequency module is identical, is conducive to standardized production;
2, the present invention adopts the high fdrequency component compensate function of high-frequency model implement device, high-frequency model adopts single-phase two level H-bridge cascade connection structures, the H bridge quantity of cascade determines according to factors such as the harmonic wave capacity of required compensation and harmonic numbers, the same high order harmonic component that adopts phase-shifting carrier wave control technology to offset current transformer self, this structure can be used compared with low switching frequency and obtain higher equivalent switching frequency under identical capacitance grade, has good waveform output characteristic and harmonic current compensation ability; Different from low frequency module, each H bridge of high-frequency model all has independently DC capacitor to provide voltage support to it, does not take " back-to-back " mode, can realize the compensation respectively to two supply arm high fdrequency components;
3, Low-frequency Modes block compensation negative phase-sequence and idle problem for the present invention, by high-frequency model compensation harmonic problem, can effectively reduce to select the difficulty of the high switching frequency device of large capacity, reduces switching frequency, reduces device loss; Meanwhile, also can reduce larger low frequency component export with less high fdrequency component the difficulty that timer is difficult to improve high fdrequency component compensation precision simultaneously;
4, the mode that the present invention compensates respectively fundamental current and harmonic current, has avoided the requirement of the high switching frequency of high-capacity power device; Method to low frequency module and high-frequency model decoupling zero control, also can avoid first-harmonic and harmonic wave stack time-harmonic wave compensation precision to be difficult to the problem guaranteeing, can effectively improve the compensation performance of device, reduces unit scale and cost.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is according to the electrified railway electric energy quality controlling device main circuit structure schematic diagram based on differentiation compensation of the present invention, wherein: 1: single-phase multi winding transformer; 2: low frequency module; 3: high-frequency model;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the voltage source converter of m of the present invention single " back-to-back " low frequency module;
Fig. 3 is high-frequency model V of the present invention
hLor V
hRchain type cascade structure schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.
The electrified railway electric energy quality controlling device main circuit structure schematic diagram of differentiation compensation of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, this device comprises two single-phase multi winding transformers 1, and the secondary winding of each single-phase multi winding transformer 1 comprises low frequency module 2 in parallel and high-frequency model 3; This device respectively x, the y by single-phase multi winding transformer 1 and z and w terminal is connected to respectively two phase windings of Secondary Side of Traction Transformer.
The present invention adopts single-phase multi winding transformer 1 to realize parallel connection and the electrical isolation function of a plurality of voltage source converters.For low frequency module 2, each winding of transformer secondary equates substantially with the mutual impedance between the winding of former limit; For high-frequency model 3, for the high fdrequency component output effect that guarantees that it is good, need take measures to reduce the leakage reactance of Transformer Winding, such as adopting special material, increasing the measures such as conductor cross-section.
The present invention adopts the function of low frequency module implement device negative sequence compensation and reactive power compensation.The structural representation of the voltage source converter of m of the present invention single " back-to-back " low frequency module as shown in Figure 2, low frequency module 2 is the structure of m voltage source converter 4 parallel connections, voltage source converter 4 parallel with one another adopts the pulse distribution control technology of phase-shifting carrier wave, can effectively suppress the harmonic content that current transformer self produces, make the former limit of multi winding transformer obtain good harmonic responses; Wherein, each voltage source converter 4 all adopts single-phase two level H-bridge structures, and each voltage source converter 4 comprises single-phase two level H-bridges and DC capacitor C
bdci; DC capacitor C
bdcithe H bridge current transformer DC side of both sides is connected to form " back-to-back " form, and only need choose and have the output demand that just can meet low frequency module 2 compared with the self-turn-off device of low switching frequency, and wherein, single-phase two level H-bridges comprise two brachium pontis; Each brachium pontis forms by upper and lower two insulation gate pole bipolar transistor IGBTs with the antiparallel diode of each insulation gate pole bipolar transistor IGBT; The structure of each low frequency module 2 is identical, is conducive to standardized production.
The present invention adopts the high fdrequency component compensate function of high-frequency model implement device.High-frequency model V of the present invention
hLor V
hRas shown in Figure 3, high-frequency model adopts single-phase two level H-bridge chain type cascade structures to cascade structure schematic diagram; Single-phase two level H-bridges comprise DC capacitor C
dchiwith two and DC capacitor C
dchibrachium pontis in parallel; Each brachium pontis forms by upper and lower two insulation gate pole bipolar transistors with the antiparallel diode of each insulation gate pole bipolar transistor; The H bridge quantity of cascade is according to the factor decisions such as the harmonic wave capacity of required compensation and harmonic number, wherein C
dchiplay the effect of supporting direct voltage.The same phase-shifting carrier wave pulse distribution control technology that adopts of high-frequency model 3 is offset the high order harmonic component of H bridge current transformer self.This structure can be used compared with low switching frequency and obtain higher equivalent switching frequency under identical capacitance grade, has good waveform output characteristic and harmonic current compensation ability.Different from low frequency module, each H bridge of high-frequency model all has independently DC capacitor to provide voltage support to it, does not take " back-to-back " mode, can realize the compensation respectively to two supply arm high fdrequency components.
The number of low frequency module and high-frequency model need consider and determine afterwards according to factors such as compensation capacity, selected power device electric current and voltage quota, project cost etc.
The embodiment of the electrified railway electric energy quality controlling device of 20MVA differentiation compensation of the present invention is described in detail as follows:
First, the relevant parameter of determining high-frequency model according to the harmonic compensation capacity of apparatus of the present invention and number of times.---natural pond in utero Traction Station and new---eight Traction Station, family RPC compensation capacity allocation project experiences according to newly, the harmonic compensation capacity of device accounts for 20% of total capacity, and high-frequency model capacity that therefore can determining device is 4MVA, and one-sided capacity is 2MVA.The harmonic number of common electric railway mainly below 19 times, high-speed railway harmonic number can reach several kHz.From practical application and harmonic wave GB limited angular, consider, Compensation Objectives that can be using 25 following harmonic waves as high-frequency model, and more the harmonic wave of high order can consider to use passive high three-way filter filtering.For 25 times and following harmonic wave, in order to obtain good tracking compensation effect, the switching frequency of high-frequency model power device is: f
kh>=10 * 25 * 50=12.5kHz.Visible, high-frequency model requires very high to the switching frequency of device.If adopt high-frequency I GBT device FZ800R12KE3 (1200V/800A), adopt the mode of two IGBT devices parallel connection to improve through-current capability, two IGBT devices are 800A by electric current when in parallel, in order to guarantee not overcurrent of IGBT device, after cascade, the output voltage of required voltage source current transformer is at least 2MVA/800A=2.5kV.When DC voltage is got 750V, consider-5%～+ 5% fluctuation of DC voltage, specified situation modulation ratio of lower time gets 0.85, and single two level H-bridge AC side of converter output rated voltages are
cascade quantity is N=2MVA/0.8kA/0.428kV ≈ 5.84, and consideration redundancy situation can determine that in high-frequency model, single-phase two level H-bridge cascade connection numbers are 7.During 7 cascades, modulation ratio gets 0.8, and output voltage is
consider that a high-frequency model is out of service, during 6 high-frequency model operations, modulation ratio is got maximum 0.95, and output voltage is
Under two kinds of operational modes, all the requirement that output voltage is greater than 2.5kV can be met, not overcurrent of IGBT device can be guaranteed.To sum up calculate, can determine that high-frequency model Transformer Winding no-load voltage ratio is 27.5kV: 2.82kV.
Then, according to the compensating fundamental wave capacity of apparatus of the present invention, determine the relevant parameter of low frequency module.Because the compensating fundamental wave capacity of device accounts for 80% of total capacity, low frequency module capacity that therefore can determining device is 16MVA, one-sided 8MVA.Because fundamental current frequency is f
1=50Hz, in order well to follow the tracks of compensation fundametal compoment, reduces output harmonic wave content, and the power device switching frequency of the voltage source converter in low frequency module is: f
kb>=10 * f
1=500Hz.Therefore, low frequency module requires lower to the switching frequency of power device, can adopt the more IGBT device FZ1500R33HE3 (3300V/1500A) of current application, DC voltage is got 1.65kV, consider the fluctuation of DC voltage-5%～+ 5% simultaneously, modulation ratio gets 0.85, and the AC voltage of single H bridge is
adopt the mode of two IGBT devices parallel connection to improve through-current capability, single H bridge Converter Capacity is 0.94kV * 1.5kA=1.41MVA, can determine that the quantity of Low-frequency Modes number of blocks and Circuit Fault on Secondary Transformer winding is 6.Each winding no-load voltage ratio of low frequency module is 27.5kV: 0.94kV.
As can be seen here, the mode that fundamental current and harmonic current are compensated respectively, has avoided the requirement of the high switching frequency of high-capacity power device IGBT.The method that decoupling zero is controlled to the harmonious mode piece of low frequency module, also can avoid first-harmonic and harmonic wave stack time-harmonic wave compensation precision to be difficult to the problem guaranteeing, can effectively improve the compensation performance of apparatus of the present invention, reduces unit scale and cost.
In fact, because low-order harmonic current value is larger, therefore also can take Low-frequency Modes block compensation low-order harmonic, high-frequency model only for compensating the mode of high order harmonic component, device to be optimized, further to reduce requirement of withstand voltage and the cascade quantity of high-frequency model device.
Finally should be noted that: above embodiment is only in order to illustrate the application's technical scheme but not restriction to its protection range; although the application is had been described in detail with reference to above-described embodiment; those of ordinary skill in the field are to be understood that: those skilled in the art still can carry out all changes, revise or be equal to replacement to the embodiment of application after reading the application; these change, revise or be equal to replacement, within the claim scope that it all awaits the reply in its application.
Claims (2)
1. an electrified railway electric energy quality controlling device for differentiation compensation, is characterized in that, described device comprises single-phase multi winding transformer (1), low frequency module (2) and high-frequency model (3); The secondary winding of described single-phase multi winding transformer (1) comprises low frequency module (2) in parallel and high-frequency model (3); Described device respectively x, the y by single-phase multi winding transformer (1) and z and w terminal accesses respectively two phase windings in Secondary Side of Traction Transformer;
Described low frequency module (2) comprises voltage source converter in parallel (4); Described voltage source converter (4) comprises single-phase two level H-bridges and DC capacitor C
bdci; Described DC capacitor C
bdcisingle-phase two level H-bridges of both sides are connected to form " back-to-back " form;
Described high-frequency model (3) adopts single-phase two level H-bridge chain type cascade structures; Described single-phase two level H-bridges comprise DC capacitor C
dchiwith two and described DC capacitor C
dchibrachium pontis in parallel; Described brachium pontis is by upper and lower two insulation gate pole bipolar transistors and forming with the antiparallel diode of described insulation gate pole bipolar transistor;
Described single-phase two level H-bridges comprise two brachium pontis; Described brachium pontis is by upper and lower two insulation gate pole bipolar transistors and forming with the antiparallel diode of described insulation gate pole bipolar transistor;
The H bridge quantity of described chain type cascade determines according to the harmonic wave capacity of required compensation and harmonic number;
Described DC capacitor C
bdciand C
dchidesign load should guarantee that DC capacitor voltage fluctuation is no more than-5% ~+5% of described capacitance voltage rated value.
2. the electrified railway electric energy quality controlling device that differentiation as claimed in claim 1 compensates, it is characterized in that, the control of the voltage source converter of described parallel connection (4) and single-phase two level H-bridge chain type cascade structures is adopted to the pulse distribution control technology of phase-shifting carrier wave.
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| CN102594114B (en) * | 2012-03-21 | 2015-01-14 | 株洲南车时代电气股份有限公司 | Cophase supply current transformer system |
| CN103023043B (en) * | 2012-11-23 | 2014-09-03 | 江苏省电力公司电力科学研究院 | Two-phase STATCOM (Static Synchronous Compensator) management device on traction side of electrified railway, and control method of device |
| CN109617424A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-04-12 | 国电南瑞南京控制系统有限公司 | Large-capacity railway cophase supply current transformer DC voltage optimal control method |
| CN114362162B (en) * | 2022-01-12 | 2023-04-25 | 西南交通大学 | Railway energy route regulation and control method based on photovoltaic energy storage system |
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| CN102118027A (en) * | 2011-03-21 | 2011-07-06 | 江苏省电力试验研究院有限公司 | Device used in electrified railway for controlling and compensating electric energy quality |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1897393A (en) * | 2006-06-23 | 2007-01-17 | 北京四方清能电气电子有限公司 | Compensator for electric-railway non-power compensation and electric-energy quality control |
| CN101170284A (en) * | 2007-09-28 | 2008-04-30 | 清华大学 | Single-phase integrated power quality controller for electric railway power supply |
| CN101447673A (en) * | 2008-11-11 | 2009-06-03 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Active power quality adjuster |
| CN102118027A (en) * | 2011-03-21 | 2011-07-06 | 江苏省电力试验研究院有限公司 | Device used in electrified railway for controlling and compensating electric energy quality |
| CN202183601U (en) * | 2011-08-02 | 2012-04-04 | 中国电力科学研究院 | Differentiation-compensated electric energy quality treatment device for electrified railway |
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