CN107086784A - A kind of novel B UCK circuit topologies - Google Patents
A kind of novel B UCK circuit topologies Download PDFInfo
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- CN107086784A CN107086784A CN201710467387.5A CN201710467387A CN107086784A CN 107086784 A CN107086784 A CN 107086784A CN 201710467387 A CN201710467387 A CN 201710467387A CN 107086784 A CN107086784 A CN 107086784A
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- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 108
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011897 real-time detection Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
- H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
- Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of novel B UCK circuit topologies, it includes sample circuit, switching tube, controller, output capacitance, inductance and fly-wheel diode；The input of switching tube is connected with a positive voltage input, and the control end of switching tube and the output end of controller are connected；The output end of sample circuit and switching tube, the output current sampling end of controller and output voltage sampling end, the earth terminal of controller, the negative electrode of fly-wheel diode, the positive terminal of output capacitance, one end of inductance and a positive voltage output end and a negative voltage output end are respectively connected with；The negative pole end of output capacitance is connected with described one end of negative voltage output end and the inductance；The other end of inductance is grounded, and the anode and a negative voltage input with fly-wheel diode are connected.The present invention realizes being joined directly together for the earth terminal, switching tube, the part of voltage output end three of controller by sample circuit, improves output current and the control accuracy of output voltage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of electronic circuits, in particular to a novel BUCK circuit topology.
Background
With the development of the power supply market, the demand for the switching power supply is increasing. In various switching power supplies, a non-isolated power supply is usually designed by adopting a BUCK circuit, but the existing BUCK circuit topology cannot simply realize switching tube driving and simultaneously detect output current and output voltage in real time, so that the accuracy of the output current or the output voltage is reduced. In the BUCK circuit topology, the accuracy is directly determined by the detection modes of the output current and the output voltage, real-time detection is the highest accuracy of all the detection modes, and other detection modes introduce different problems. Illustratively, several existing BUCK circuit topologies are shown in fig. 1-3, wherein:
the BUCK circuit topology shown in fig. 1 includes an output load RL1, a switching tube Q1, an inductor L1, a first sampling circuit, an output capacitor C1, a first controller, and a freewheeling diode D1. The ground terminal of the first controller is directly connected to the negative terminal of the output load RL1, so that the output current can be collected in real time by the first sampling circuit, and the output voltage can be detected in real time by the first sampling circuit, it should be noted that, for the convenience of description, only one line is used to connect the first controller in fig. 1, it should be understood that the first sampling circuit shown in fig. 1 represents the output current sampling circuit and the output voltage sampling circuit together, and includes the output current sampling circuit connected in series to the current loop of the output load RL1 to detect the output current; also included is an output voltage sampling circuit connected in parallel across the output load RL1 for sensing the output voltage. However, as can be seen from a specific analysis of the circuit principle in fig. 1, during the off period of the switching tube Q1, the inductor L1 is demagnetized, during the demagnetization period, the inductor L1, the output load RL1 and the freewheeling diode D1 form a loop, and at this time, the freewheeling diode D1 is in forward conduction, and it can be considered that the negative terminal of the freewheeling diode D1 is directly connected to ground, and at this time, a bootstrap circuit is not needed; however, when the demagnetization of the inductor L1 is finished, the voltage difference across the inductor L1 becomes 0, and the voltage of the negative terminal of the freewheeling diode D1 becomes Vout, so that if the switching tube Q1 is to be turned on, a bootstrap circuit needs to be added to boost the driving voltage. That is, since the freewheeling diode D1 is connected between the ground terminal of the controller and the switching transistor Q1 in fig. 1, this makes driving of the switching transistor Q1 difficult.
Fig. 2 shows an improved BUCK circuit topology based on fig. 1, in which the ground terminal of the controller is directly connected to the switching tube by exchanging the positions of the switching tube and the load, so that a bootstrap circuit driven by the switching tube can be omitted, and the driving part is simplified. Specifically, the BUCK circuit topology shown in fig. 2 includes an output load RL2, a switching tube Q2, an inductor L2, a second sampling circuit, an output capacitor C2, a second controller, and a freewheeling diode D2. The ground terminal of the second controller is directly connected with the switching tube Q2, and is not directly connected with a loop formed by the output load RL2, the inductor L2 and the freewheeling diode D2, so that the second sampling circuit is not directly connected to two ends of the output load RL2 and cannot directly sample the value of the output voltage, and meanwhile, the second sampling circuit is not connected in series in a current loop of the output load RL2 and cannot reflect the magnitude of the output current in real time, so that the output current cannot be detected by the second sampling circuit in real time during the on and off periods of the switching tube Q2, and meanwhile, the output voltage cannot be detected by the second sampling circuit in real time. In this case, although the direct connection between the ground terminal of the controller and the switching tube Q2 simplifies the design of the bootstrap circuit, the output current and the output voltage can only be controlled by the internal operation of the second controller according to some parameters related to the output voltage and the output current sampled by the second sampling circuit, and this way inevitably has a certain error, thereby causing the control accuracy of the output current and the output voltage to decrease.
Shown in fig. 3 is a floating-ground BUCK circuit topology, which includes an output load RL3, a switching tube Q3, an inductor L3, a third sampling circuit, an output capacitor C3, a third controller, and a freewheeling diode D3. The ground terminal of the third controller is not directly connected with the output load RL3, but is directly connected with a loop consisting of the output load RL3, the inductor L3 and the freewheeling diode D3, so that the third sampling circuit is connected in series in a current loop of the output load RL3, and the output current can be detected in real time through the sampling circuit. However, the third sampling circuit is not directly connected to two ends of the output load RL3, so the output voltage cannot be detected in real time by the third sampling circuit during the on and off periods of the switching tube Q3, and the output voltage can only be controlled by the operation inside the controller according to some parameters related to the output voltage sampled by the third sampling circuit, and this way inevitably has a certain error, thereby causing the control accuracy of the output voltage to be reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to simply realize the drive of a switching tube, detect the output current and the output voltage in real time and improve the control precision of the output current and the output voltage, the invention provides a novel BUCK circuit topology.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a novel BUCK circuit topology, which includes a sampling circuit for obtaining sampling signals of output voltage and output current, a switching tube, a controller for controlling a working state of the switching tube according to the sampling signals, an output capacitor, an inductor, and a freewheeling diode; wherein,
the input end of the switch tube is connected with a positive voltage input end, and the control end of the switch tube is connected with the output end of the controller;
the sampling circuit is respectively connected with the output end of the switch tube, the output current sampling end and the output voltage sampling end of the controller, the grounding end of the controller, the cathode of the fly-wheel diode, the positive end of the output capacitor, one end of the inductor, and a positive voltage output end and a negative voltage output end;
the negative electrode end of the output capacitor is connected with the negative voltage output end and the one end of the inductor;
the other end of the inductor is grounded and is connected with the anode of the freewheeling diode and a negative voltage input end.
Preferably, the switch tube is a switch MOS tube, a gate of the switch MOS tube is connected to the controller, a source of the switch MOS tube is connected to the sampling circuit, and a drain of the switch MOS tube is connected to the positive voltage input terminal.
Preferably, the sampling circuit comprises a sampling resistor Rcs for collecting the output current, and a voltage dividing resistor R1 and a voltage dividing resistor R2 which are connected in series with each other for collecting the output voltage;
one end of the voltage dividing resistor R1 and one end of the voltage dividing resistor R2 are connected with the output voltage sampling end of the controller;
one end of the sampling resistor Rcs is connected with the output end of the switch tube and the output current sampling end of the controller, and the other end of the sampling resistor Rcs is connected with the grounding end of the controller, the cathode of the freewheeling diode, the other end of the divider resistor R1, the positive end of the output capacitor and the positive voltage output end;
the other end of the divider resistor R2 is connected to the negative voltage output terminal.
Preferably, the sampling resistor Rcs has a resistance value of 1-10 ohms.
Preferably, the sampling circuit comprises a sampling resistor Rcs for acquiring the output current, and a voltage dividing resistor R1 and a voltage dividing resistor R2 for acquiring the output voltage, wherein one end of the voltage dividing resistor R1 and one end of the voltage dividing resistor R2 are connected with the output voltage sampling end of the controller;
one end of the sampling resistor Rcs is connected with the output end of the switch tube, the cathode of the freewheeling diode and the grounding end of the controller, and the other end of the sampling resistor Rcs is connected with the output current sampling end of the controller, the positive end of the output capacitor and the positive voltage output end;
the other end of the voltage dividing resistor R1 is connected with the grounding end of the controller, and the other end of the voltage dividing resistor R2 is connected with the connection position of the inductor and the negative voltage output end.
Preferably, the voltage dividing resistor R1 is integrated in the controller.
Preferably, the resistance value of the sampling resistor Rcs is 1-10 ohms.
Compared with the prior art, the novel BUCK circuit topology has the following beneficial effects:
the invention realizes the direct connection of the grounding end, the switch tube and the voltage output end of the controller through the sampling circuit by changing the position of the inductor in the existing floating ground BUCK circuit topology, can simply realize the drive of the switch tube and simultaneously detect the output current and the output voltage in real time, and improves the control precision of the output current and the output voltage.
According to the invention, the controller is integrated with the divider resistor, so that the stability of the circuit is improved, and the difficulty of circuit design is reduced.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a first BUCK circuit topology in the prior art;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a second BUCK circuit topology in the prior art;
FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a third BUCK circuit topology in the prior art;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an overall circuit structure of a novel BUCK circuit topology according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a detailed circuit schematic diagram of the novel BUCK circuit topology of FIG. 4, showing a first embodiment of a sampling circuit;
FIG. 6 is a detailed circuit diagram of the BUCK circuit topology of FIG. 4, showing another embodiment of the sampling circuit.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative only and should not be construed as limiting the invention.
Referring to fig. 4, a novel BUCK circuit topology according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a sampling circuit 2 for obtaining a sampling signal of an output voltage and an output current, a switching transistor Q4, a controller 1 for controlling a working state of the switching transistor Q4 according to the sampling signal, an output load RL4, an output capacitor C4, an inductor L4, a freewheeling diode D4, and a voltage output terminal, wherein,
the input end of the switching tube Q4 is connected with a positive voltage input end, and the control end of the switching tube Q4 is connected with the output end of the controller 1;
the sampling circuit 2 is respectively connected with the output end of the switch tube Q4, the output current sampling end and the output voltage sampling end of the controller 1, the grounding end of the controller 1, the cathode of the fly-wheel diode D4, the positive electrode end of the output capacitor C4, one end of the inductor L4, and a positive voltage output end and a negative voltage output end;
the negative electrode end of the output capacitor C4 is connected with the negative voltage output end and one end of the inductor L4; the other terminal of the inductor L4 is connected to ground and to the anode of the freewheeling diode D4 and to a negative voltage input.
In some embodiments, the switching transistor Q4 is preferably a switching MOS transistor, and a gate of the switching MOS transistor is connected to the controller 1; the source is connected to the sampling circuit 1 and the drain is connected to the positive voltage input.
In some embodiments, the controller 1 is preferably of the type OPC 8193.
In the present invention, the resistance of the sampling circuit 1 connected between the ground terminal of the controller 1 and the switching tube Q4 is relatively small, so that the voltage difference therebetween is negligible. Based on the premise, the following briefly describes the working principle of the novel BUCK circuit topology according to the embodiment of the present invention:
after the controller 1 controls the switch tube Q4 to be conducted, and the voltage across the inductor L4 is Vin-Vout (Vin is the voltage received by the positive input terminal, and Vout is the voltage output by the positive output terminal) while ignoring the voltage difference of the sampling circuit, the inductor current rises with a slope (Vin-Vout)/L, and the inductor current supplies power to the output capacitor C4 and the output load RL 4; after the controller 1 controls the switch Q4 to turn off, the inductor current does not abruptly change, so the inductor current maintains the original direction, and falls with the slope Vout/L, and the output capacitor C4 discharges.
Regarding the principle of output current sampling, because the ground terminal of the controller 1 is directly connected with the output load RL4 through the sampling circuit 2, the output current of a loop consisting of the output load RL4, the inductor L4 and the freewheeling diode D4 can be directly sampled and obtained through the sampling circuit 2, the value obtained through sampling directly reflects the magnitude of the output current, extra operation is not needed, and the error is reduced;
regarding the principle of output voltage sampling, the sampling circuit 2 is directly connected with two ends of the output load RL4, so that the voltage at two ends of the output load RL4 can also be directly sampled, extra operation is not needed, and the error is reduced;
regarding the principle of driving the switching tube Q4, since the ground terminal of the controller 1 is directly connected to one end of the switching tube Q4 through the sampling circuit 2, and the voltage difference of the sampling circuit 1 connected between the ground terminal of the controller 1 and the switching tube Q4 is negligible, one end of the switching tube Q4 is equivalently connected to the ground terminal of the controller 1, and therefore, the switching tube Q4 can be driven without using a bootstrap circuit to raise the driving voltage of the controller 1, so that the driving of the switching tube Q4 is relatively simple.
In some embodiments, the sampling circuit 2 may employ the components shown in fig. 5, and as shown in fig. 5, the sampling circuit 1 includes a sampling resistor Rcs for acquiring the output current, and a voltage dividing resistor R1 and a voltage dividing resistor R2 connected in series with each other for acquiring the output voltage, wherein,
one end of the voltage dividing resistor R1 and one end of the voltage dividing resistor R2 are connected with an output voltage sampling end Vfb of the controller 1;
one end of the sampling resistor Rcs is connected with the output end of the switching tube Q4 and the output current sampling end Vcs of the controller 1, and the other end is connected with the grounding end of the controller 1, the cathode of the freewheeling diode D4, the other end of the voltage-dividing resistor R1, the positive end of the output capacitor C4 and the positive voltage output end;
the other end of the divider resistor R2 is connected to the negative voltage output terminal.
The operating principle of fig. 5 can be referred to in the description of fig. 4, in which the sampling resistor Rcs has a very small value, preferably 1-10 ohms. Sampling the peak current of the switching tube in the conducting time through a sampling resistor Rcs, controlling the switching tube to be switched on immediately after the end of the demagnetization of the inductor, and controlling the output current finally through operation, wherein the peak current obtained through sampling is twice of the actual output average current because the actual inductor current is a triangular wave; the output voltage is sampled by resistors R1, R2, and finally controlled.
Fig. 6 shows another embodiment of the sampling circuit 2, which is different from fig. 5 in that the position of the sampling resistor Rcs is changed, and at the same time, the voltage dividing resistor R1 in fig. 5 is integrated into the controller 1, so that the arrangement of the external voltage dividing resistor R1 is avoided, and the operation stability of the circuit is improved. As mentioned above, the controller 1 comprises an output current sampling terminal Vcs and an output voltage sampling terminal Vfb, wherein,
one end of the sampling resistor Rcs is connected with the output end of the switch tube Q4, the cathode of the freewheeling diode D4 and the grounding end of the controller 1, and the other end is connected with the positive voltage output end;
one end of the voltage dividing resistor R2 is connected with the output voltage sampling end Vfb of the controller 3, and the other end is connected with the connection part of the inductor L4 and the negative electrode end of the voltage output end Vout;
the output current sampling end Vcs is connected with the connection position of the sampling resistor Rcs and the positive voltage output end;
one end of a voltage dividing resistor R1 arranged in the controller 1 is connected with an output voltage sampling end Vfb, and the other end is connected with the grounding end of the controller.
The operating principle of fig. 6 can be referred to in the description of fig. 4, in which the sampling resistor Rcs has a very small value, preferably 1-10 ohms. Because the sampling resistor Rcs is connected in series in the load current loop during the on and off periods of the switching tube Q4, the voltage Vcs on the Rcs reflects the magnitude of the output current in real time; for the large voltage of the output voltage Vout, the voltage of the sampling resistor Rcs is negligible, and at this time, the ground terminal of the controller 1 may be considered to be directly connected to the positive voltage output terminal, and the voltage of the negative voltage output terminal may be directly sampled into the controller 1 through the resistor R2.
Compared with the prior art, the novel BUCK circuit topology provided by the embodiment of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the position of the inductor in the existing floating ground BUCK circuit topology is changed, the direct connection of the grounding end of the controller 1, the switching tube Q4 and the voltage output end Vout is realized through the sampling circuit, the driving of the switching tube Q4 can be simply realized, the output current and the output voltage are detected in real time, and the control precision of the output current and the output voltage is improved.
According to the invention, the divider resistor R1 is integrated by the controller 3, so that the stability of the circuit is improved, and the difficulty of circuit design is reduced.
It should be understood that the invention mainly protects the connection relationship of topology, the sampling circuit is not limited to two of the examples, and other cases only using the connection mode of fig. 4 are within the protection scope.
The foregoing is only a partial embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A novel BUCK circuit topology is characterized in that: the novel BUCK circuit topology comprises a sampling circuit, a switching tube, a controller, an output capacitor, an inductor and a fly-wheel diode, wherein the sampling circuit is used for acquiring sampling signals of output voltage and output current; wherein,
the input end of the switch tube is connected with a positive voltage input end, and the control end of the switch tube is connected with the output end of the controller;
the sampling circuit is respectively connected with the output end of the switch tube, the output current sampling end and the output voltage sampling end of the controller, the grounding end of the controller, the cathode of the fly-wheel diode, the positive end of the output capacitor, one end of the inductor, and a positive voltage output end and a negative voltage output end;
the negative electrode end of the output capacitor is connected with the negative voltage output end and the one end of the inductor;
the other end of the inductor is grounded and is connected with the anode of the freewheeling diode and a negative voltage input end.
2. The novel BUCK circuit topology of claim 1, wherein: the switch tube is a switch MOS tube, the grid electrode of the switch MOS tube is connected with the controller, the source electrode of the switch MOS tube is connected with the sampling circuit, and the drain electrode of the switch MOS tube is connected with the positive voltage input end.
3. The novel BUCK circuit topology of claim 1, wherein: the sampling circuit comprises a sampling resistor Rcs for collecting output current, and a voltage division resistor R1 and a voltage division resistor R2 which are connected in series with each other and used for collecting output voltage;
one end of the voltage dividing resistor R1 and one end of the voltage dividing resistor R2 are connected with the output voltage sampling end of the controller;
one end of the sampling resistor Rcs is connected with the output end of the switch tube and the output current sampling end of the controller, and the other end of the sampling resistor Rcs is connected with the grounding end of the controller, the cathode of the freewheeling diode, the other end of the divider resistor R1, the positive end of the output capacitor and the positive voltage output end;
the other end of the divider resistor R2 is connected to the negative voltage output terminal.
4. The novel BUCK circuit topology of claim 3, wherein: the resistance value of the sampling resistor Rcs is 1-10 ohms.
5. The novel BUCK circuit topology of claim 1, wherein: the sampling circuit comprises a sampling resistor Rcs for collecting output current, a voltage dividing resistor R1 and a voltage dividing resistor R2 for collecting output voltage, wherein one end of the voltage dividing resistor R1 and one end of the voltage dividing resistor R2 are connected with an output voltage sampling end of the controller;
one end of the sampling resistor Rcs is connected with the output end of the switch tube, the cathode of the freewheeling diode and the grounding end of the controller, and the other end of the sampling resistor Rcs is connected with the output current sampling end of the controller, the positive end of the output capacitor and the positive voltage output end;
the other end of the voltage dividing resistor R1 is connected with the grounding end of the controller, and the other end of the voltage dividing resistor R2 is connected with the connection position of the inductor and the negative voltage output end.
6. The novel BUCK circuit topology of claim 5, wherein: the voltage dividing resistor R1 is integrated in the controller.
7. The novel BUCK circuit topology of claim 5 or 6, wherein: the resistance value of the sampling resistor Rcs is 1-10 ohms.
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| CN206977314U (en) * | 2017-06-20 | 2018-02-06 | 上海灿瑞科技股份有限公司 | A kind of novel B UCK circuit topologies |
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