CN111665890A - Floating type constant voltage circuit - Google Patents
Floating type constant voltage circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN111665890A CN111665890A CN201910182225.6A CN201910182225A CN111665890A CN 111665890 A CN111665890 A CN 111665890A CN 201910182225 A CN201910182225 A CN 201910182225A CN 111665890 A CN111665890 A CN 111665890A
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- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
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- G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc
- G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is dc using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
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Abstract
The invention relates to a floating ground type constant voltage circuit, comprising: the input switch module is used for controlling voltage input; the output module is respectively connected with the input switch module and the ground and used for outputting voltage; the first sampling module is connected with the output module and used for sampling the output voltage to obtain a first sampling voltage; the power supply comprises a first voltage division unit, wherein one end of the first voltage division unit is connected with the output module, and the other end of the first voltage division unit is grounded; the first voltage division unit comprises two or more first voltage division resistors connected in series; and the control module is connected with the input switch module and the output module, is also connected with a first node between the two first voltage-dividing resistors, and is used for receiving the first sampling voltage and controlling the input switch module. The floating type constant voltage circuit can continuously sample the output voltage when the input is disconnected, so that the voltage is constantly output, and the response speed is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of voltage regulation, in particular to a floating ground type constant voltage circuit.
Background
In order to prevent electromagnetic interference caused by the circuit-coupled common-ground impedance in the constant-voltage circuit, a floating structure is generally adopted, and a ground pin of a control module is connected with a reference ground instead of an actual ground, namely, a floating technology is adopted. For a floating type constant voltage circuit, the existing output sampling circuit can only work for a period of time after the input is disconnected, the change of the output voltage cannot be monitored in real time when the input is disconnected, the stable output of the voltage is not facilitated, and the response speed is slower when the current demand of a load is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, it is desirable to provide a floating constant voltage circuit.
A floating type constant voltage circuit comprising:
the input switch module is used for controlling voltage input;
the output module is respectively connected with the input switch module and the ground and used for outputting voltage;
the first sampling module is connected with the output module and used for sampling the output voltage to obtain a first sampling voltage; the power supply comprises a first voltage division unit, wherein one end of the first voltage division unit is connected with the output module, and the other end of the first voltage division unit is grounded; the first voltage division unit comprises two or more first voltage division resistors connected in series; and
and the control module is respectively connected with the input switch module and the output module, is also connected with a first node between the two first voltage dividing resistors, and is used for receiving the first sampling voltage and controlling the input switch module.
In one embodiment, the control module includes a first interface, a second interface and a third interface, the first interface is connected to the input switch module, the second interface is respectively connected to the input switch module and the output module, and the third interface is connected to the first sampling module.
In one embodiment, the output module comprises a freewheeling diode and an energy storage unit;
the negative electrode of the freewheeling diode is respectively connected with the input switch module, the second interface and the energy storage unit, and the positive electrode of the freewheeling diode is grounded;
the first end of the energy storage unit is respectively connected with the input switch module, the second interface and the freewheeling diode, the second end of the energy storage unit is connected with the first sampling module, and the third end of the energy storage unit is grounded.
In one embodiment, the energy storage unit comprises an energy storage inductor and an output capacitor;
one end of the energy storage inductor is connected with the input switch module, the second interface and the fly-wheel diode respectively, and the other end of the energy storage inductor is connected with the output capacitor and the first sampling module respectively;
one end of the output capacitor is connected with the energy storage inductor and the first sampling module respectively, and the other end of the output capacitor is grounded.
In one embodiment, the output module comprises a freewheeling diode and an energy storage unit;
one end of the freewheeling diode is respectively connected with the input switch module, the second interface, the energy storage unit and the first sampling module, and the other end of the freewheeling diode is grounded;
one end of the energy storage unit is connected with the input switch module, the second interface, the freewheeling diode and the first sampling module respectively, and the other end of the energy storage unit is grounded.
In one embodiment, the energy storage unit comprises an energy storage inductor and an output capacitor;
one end of the energy storage inductor is connected with the input switch module, the second interface, the first sampling module and the freewheeling diode respectively, and the other end of the energy storage inductor is connected with the output capacitor;
one end of the output capacitor is connected with the energy storage inductor, and the other end of the output capacitor is grounded.
In one embodiment, one end of the first voltage division unit is connected with the output module, and the other end of the first voltage division unit is connected with the output module and then grounded;
the control module comprises a first interface, a second interface and a third interface, the first interface is connected with the input switch module, the second interface is respectively connected with the input switch module, the output module and the first sampling module, and the third interface is connected with the first sampling module.
In one embodiment, the output module comprises an energy storage inductor, an output capacitor and a freewheeling diode;
one end of the energy storage inductor is connected with the input switch module, the second interface, the output capacitor and the first sampling module respectively, and the other end of the energy storage inductor is connected with the fly-wheel diode;
one end of the output capacitor is connected with the input switch module, the second interface, the energy storage inductor and the first sampling module respectively, and the other end of the output capacitor is connected with the fly-wheel diode;
and the anode of the freewheeling diode is connected with the energy storage inductor, and the cathode of the freewheeling diode is connected with the output capacitor.
In one embodiment, the control module comprises a first protection unit connected between the second interface and the first node for protecting the first sampling module when the input switch module is open.
In one embodiment, the control module includes an input control unit, and the input control unit is connected between the first interface and the first node, and is configured to receive the first sampling voltage and control the input switch module to operate according to the first sampling voltage.
In one embodiment, the device further comprises a second sampling module respectively connected with the output module and the control module;
the second sampling module comprises a second voltage division unit connected with the energy storage inductor in parallel, and the second voltage division unit comprises two or more second voltage division resistors connected in series;
a second node between the two second voltage-dividing resistors is connected with the control module;
the second sampling module is used for sampling the voltages at two ends of the energy storage inductor to obtain a second sampling voltage and sending the second sampling voltage to the control module.
In one embodiment, the control module comprises a second protection unit connected between the cathode of the freewheeling diode and the second node for protecting the second sampling module when the input switching module is turned off.
In one embodiment, the control module comprises:
the data processing unit is respectively connected with the first sampling module and the second sampling module and is used for analyzing and processing the first sampling voltage and the second sampling voltage; and
and the input control unit is respectively connected with the data processing unit and the input switch module and is used for receiving the analysis result of the data processing unit and controlling the input switch module to work according to the analysis result.
Above-mentioned floating ground formula constant voltage circuit can continue to sample output voltage when the input disconnection, just stops sampling work until the input switches on, when load increase current demand or change appears, can in time respond, makes the invariable output of voltage, has improved the speed of response.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a floating constant voltage circuit in one embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of a floating constant voltage circuit in one embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram of the circuit unit of the output module of FIG. 2 connected to other circuit modules;
FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram of circuit components of the energy storage unit of FIG. 3 connected to other circuit modules;
FIG. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of the floating ground type constant voltage circuit of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a floating constant voltage circuit in another embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic circuit diagram of the floating ground type constant voltage circuit of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a floating constant voltage circuit in another embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a circuit diagram of the circuit elements of the control module and the second sampling module of FIG. 8 in electrical connection with other modules;
FIG. 10 is a schematic circuit diagram of the floating constant voltage circuit of FIGS. 8 and 9;
FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a floating constant voltage circuit in another embodiment;
fig. 12 is a schematic circuit diagram of the floating constant voltage circuit of fig. 11.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the invention, the invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Preferred embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.
Fig. 1 is a circuit diagram of a floating ground type constant voltage circuit in one embodiment, which is a BUCK converter circuit (BUCK circuit) having an output voltage lower than an input voltage, an input current controlled by an input switch module 100 being in a pulsating state, and an output current being continuous. The floating constant voltage circuit includes an input switch module 100, an output module 200, a control module 300, and a first sampling module 400.
The input switch module 100 is used to control the voltage input, so that the output module 200 outputs a specific constant voltage. The input switch module 100 controls the voltage input by changing the on-time and the off-time of the input switch module 100, that is, adjusting the on-off frequency, thereby realizing the control of the voltage output; or the peak voltage before the input switch module 100 is switched off is changed, so that the control of the voltage output is realized.
The output module 200 has one end connected to the input switch module 100 and the other end grounded. The output module 200 realizes voltage regulation and constant output through charging and discharging. When the input switch module 100 is turned on, the output module 200 enters an energy storage state while outputting a voltage to a load, i.e., starts charging; when the input switch module 100 is turned off, the output module 200 releases the power to output the voltage to the load, i.e., starts to discharge.
The first sampling module 400 is connected to the output module 200, and is configured to sample the output voltage to obtain a first sampling voltage. Specifically, as shown in fig. 2, the first sampling module 400 includes a first voltage division unit 410, one end of the first voltage division unit 410 is connected to the output module 200, and the other end is grounded; the first voltage dividing unit 410 may include two or more first voltage dividing resistors connected in series, in this embodiment, the first voltage dividing unit 410 includes a first voltage dividing resistor a410 and a first voltage dividing resistor B420; a first node P1 between the first voltage dividing resistor a410 and the first voltage dividing resistor B420 is connected to the control module 300, and a voltage at the first node P1 is a first sampling voltage. In addition, in the present embodiment, the first voltage-dividing resistor a410 and the first voltage-dividing resistor B420 may be used as a dummy load, and the dummy load may be used to stabilize the output of the output module 200.
The control module 300 is connected to the input switch module 100 and the output module 200, and is configured to receive the first sampling voltage and control the input switch module 100, and specifically, the control module 300 may control the operation of the input switch module 100 according to the first sampling voltage.
As shown in fig. 2, the control module includes a first interface J1, a second interface J2, and a third interface J3, the first interface J1 is connected to the input switch module 100, the second interface J2 is connected to the input switch module 100 and the output module 200, respectively, the third interface J3 is connected to the first sampling module 400, and specifically, the third interface J3 is connected to a first node P1 between the two first voltage dividing resistors a410 and a420, and is configured to receive the first sampling voltage and control the input switch module 100.
The third node G1 at the intersection of the input switch module 100, the output module 200 and the control module 300 is a reference ground.
In this embodiment, when the input switch module 100 is turned on, the first sampling module 400 stops collecting the output voltage; when the input switch module 100 is turned off, the first sampling module 400 continuously collects the output voltage and transmits the first sampling voltage to the control module 300; the control module 300 receives the first sampling voltage, and adjusts the on-off frequency of the input switch module 100 and the peak voltage of the input switch module 100 before being switched off according to the first sampling voltage, so that the input voltage and the output voltage are balanced, and voltage adjustment and constant output are realized.
Above-mentioned floating ground formula constant voltage circuit can continue to sample output voltage when the input disconnection, just stops sampling work until the input switches on, when the load increases the electric current demand, can in time respond, makes output voltage reach invariable, has improved the speed of response.
In an embodiment, referring to fig. 3, fig. 3 is a circuit connection diagram of a circuit unit and other circuit modules of the output module 200 in fig. 2, wherein the output module 200 includes a freewheeling diode 210 and an energy storage unit 220; the control module 300 includes a first protection unit 310 and an input control unit 320.
The freewheeling diode 210 has a negative electrode connected to the input switch module 100, the control module 300 and the energy storage unit 220, and a positive electrode connected to ground. When the input switch module 100 is turned on, the freewheeling diode 210 is turned off; when the input switch module 100 is turned off, the freewheeling diode 210 is turned on, and the energy storage unit 220 and the freewheeling diode 210 form a discharge loop to play a freewheeling role; when the current of the energy storage unit 220 decreases to zero, the freewheeling diode 210 is turned off.
The energy storage unit 220 has a first end connected to the input switch module 100, the second interface J2 and the freewheeling diode 210, a second end connected to the first sampling module 400, and a third end connected to ground. Specifically, as shown in fig. 4, the energy storage unit 220 includes an energy storage inductor 221 and an output capacitor 222, where one end of the energy storage inductor 221 is connected to the input switch module 100, the second interface J2 and the freewheeling diode 210, and the other end is connected to the output capacitor 222 and the first sampling module 300; one end of the output capacitor 222 is connected to the energy storage inductor 221 and the first sampling module 400, and the other end is grounded. When the input switch module 100 is turned on, the energy storage inductor 221 is charged with magnetism, the current flowing through the energy storage inductor 221 increases linearly, and the output capacitor 222 starts to charge; when the input switch module 100 is turned off, the energy storage inductor 221 discharges through the freewheeling diode 210, the current of the energy storage inductor 221 decreases linearly, and the output voltage is maintained by the output capacitor 222 discharging and the decreasing current of the energy storage inductor 221.
The first protection unit 310 is an esd protection diode, and has an anode connected to the second port J2 and a cathode connected to the first node P1, for protecting the first sampling module 400 when the input switch module 100 is turned off. When the input switch module 100 is turned on, the first protection unit 310 is turned on, and the voltage at the first node P1 (the first sampling voltage) is a negative clamping voltage; when the input switching module 100 is turned off, if the energy storage inductor 221 is in a demagnetized state, i.e., the freewheeling diode 210 is turned on, the first protection unit 310 is turned off, the energy storage inductor 221 → the first voltage dividing resistor a410 → the first voltage dividing resistor B420 → the freewheeling diode 210 → the energy storage inductor 221 forms a loop, and the voltage (first sampling voltage) at the first node P1 is the sum of the voltages of the first voltage dividing resistor B420 and the freewheeling diode 210; when the input switch module 100 is turned off, if the energy storage inductor 221 is demagnetized, the freewheeling diode 210 is turned off, the first protection unit 310 is turned off, the output capacitor 222 → the first voltage dividing resistor a410 → the first voltage dividing resistor B420 → the output capacitor 222 forms a loop, and the voltage at the first node P1 (the first sampling voltage) is the negative voltage of the first voltage dividing resistor a 410.
The input control unit 320 is respectively connected to the first interface J1 and the first node P1, and is configured to receive the first sampling voltage and control the operation of the input switch module 100 according to the first sampling voltage. Specifically, when the first sampling voltage is a negative clamping voltage, the input switch module 100 operates normally; when the first sampling voltage is the sum of the voltages of the first voltage-dividing resistor B420 and the freewheeling diode 210 or the negative voltage of the first voltage-dividing resistor B420 and the first voltage-dividing resistor a410, if the first sampling voltage changes, the input control unit 320 adjusts the output voltage by adjusting the operating frequency (i.e., the on-off frequency) of the input switch module 100 and adjusting the peak voltage of the input switch module 100 before the disconnection, so that the input voltage and the output voltage are restored to be balanced, thereby realizing the constant output of the output voltage.
Fig. 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of the floating constant voltage circuit of fig. 4.
The input switch module 100 may include a fet or a transistor, and in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the input switch module 100 includes a fet Q1. In the output module 200, the freewheeling diode 210 is a diode D1, the energy storage inductor 221 is an inductor L1, and the output capacitor 222 is a capacitor C1. The control module 300 is a control chip U1, wherein the first interface J1 is a GATE pin GATE, the second interface J2 is a chip select pin CS and a ground pin GND, and the third interface J3 is a first sampling pin FB 1; the first protection unit 310 and the input control unit 320 are integrated in the chip U1, wherein the first protection unit 310 is a diode D2; the anode of the diode D2 is connected with the ground pin GND, and the cathode is connected with the first sampling pin FB 1; the input control unit 320 has one end connected to the GATE pin GATE and the other end connected to the first sampling pin FB 1. In the first sampling module 400, each of the first voltage-dividing resistor a410 and the first voltage-dividing resistor B420 includes a resistor, the first voltage-dividing resistor a410 is a resistor R1, and the first voltage-dividing resistor B420 is a resistor R2.
Specifically, in the input switch module 100, an input end of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected to a power supply, an output end of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected to the chip select pin CS and the third node G1, respectively, a control end of the field effect transistor Q8926 is connected to the GATE pin GATE, and the input control unit 320 controls on/off of the field effect transistor Q1. A resistor R6 is also connected in series between the output terminal of the fet Q1 and the third node G1.
In the output module 200, the anode of the diode D1 is grounded, and the cathode is connected to the third node G1; one end of the energy storage inductor 221 is connected to the third node G1, and the other end is connected to the capacitor C1 and the resistor R1, respectively; one end of the capacitor C1 is connected to the inductor L1 and the resistor R1, respectively, and the other end is grounded.
In the control module 300, the ground pin GND is connected to the third node G1, and the first sampling pin FB1 is connected to the first node P1. A resistor R3 is connected in series between the first sampling pin FB1 and the first node P1.
In the first sampling module 400, the resistor R1 and the resistor R2 are connected in series and then connected in parallel with the capacitor C1.
Let the output voltage be Vo, the voltage of the diode D1 be Vf, and the first constant coefficient
Coefficient of second constant
When the field effect transistor Q1 is turned on, the inductor L1 is charged with magnetism, the current flowing through the inductor L1 increases linearly, the capacitor C1 starts to charge, the diode D1 is turned off, the diode D2 is turned on, and the first sampling voltage collected by the first sampling pin FB1 is a negative clamping voltage.
When the field effect transistor Q1 is turned off, the inductor L1 starts to be demagnetized, the current flowing through the inductor L1 linearly decreases, the capacitor C1 starts to discharge, the diode D1 is turned on, the diode D2 is turned off, the first sampling voltage collected by the first sampling pin FB1 is the sum of the voltages of the resistor R2 and the diode D1, and the voltage of the resistor R2
VR2＝k2·Vo，
I.e. the first sampled voltage
V1＝VR2+Vf＝k2·Vo+Vf。
When the field effect transistor Q1 is turned off, the inductor L1 is demagnetized, and the current flowing through the inductor L1 is zero, the capacitor C1 is in a discharge state, the diode D1 and the diode D2 are both turned off, the first sampling voltage collected by the first sampling pin FB1 is the negative voltage of the resistor R1, and the voltage of the resistor R1 is negative
VR1＝k1·Vo，
I.e. the first sampled voltage
V1＝-VR1＝-k1·Vo。
When the system is in a standby state, the floating type constant voltage circuit is in a DCM (discontinuous conduction mode), and when the field effect tube Q1 is switched off, the working state of the system can be detected in real time. When the system is switched from a standby state to other states, the floating type constant voltage circuit can reflect the change of the output voltage Vo in time through the first sampling voltage V1, switch the working state of the floating type constant voltage circuit from a DCM mode to a CCM mode (continuous conduction mode), and adjust the constant voltage reference input into the control unit 320 according to the amplitude of the output voltage so as to maintain the constant voltage output.
When the field effect transistor Q1 is turned off, if the first sampling voltage collected by the control chip U1 fluctuates or changes, that is, it indicates that the output voltage is unstable, at this time, the on-off frequency of the field effect transistor Q1 can be adjusted according to the output voltage, so that the input voltage and the output voltage are balanced again, and thus, the constant output of the voltage is realized.
When the inductor L1 is demagnetized, the influence of the voltage drop of the diode D1 on the output voltage calculation can be counteracted through an internal compensation signal.
In addition to the BUCK converter circuit (BUCK circuit), the BUCK converter circuit (BUCK-BOOST circuit) may be applied to the BUCK-BOOST converter circuit after adaptive adjustment is performed on the technical solution of the present application, and fig. 6 is a circuit block diagram of the floating-ground constant voltage circuit in one embodiment. The floating-ground type constant voltage circuit is a BUCK-BOOST conversion circuit (BUCK-BOOST circuit), wherein one end of a first voltage division unit is connected with the output module 100, and the other end of the first voltage division unit is connected with the output module 200 and then grounded; the control module 300 comprises a first interface J1, a second interface J2 and a third interface J3, the first interface J1 is connected with the input switch module 100, the second interface J2 is respectively connected with the input switch module 100, the output module 200 and the first sampling module 400, and the third interface J3 is connected with the first sampling module, wherein a third node G1 at the intersection of the input switch module 100, the output module 200, the control module 300 and the first sampling module 400 is a reference ground. The output voltage of the floating boost constant voltage conversion circuit can be higher than the input voltage or lower than the input voltage, the input current is controlled by the input switch module 100 and is in a pulsating state, and the output current is continuous.
Fig. 7 is a schematic circuit diagram of the floating constant voltage circuit in this embodiment. The input switch module 100 may include a fet or a transistor, and in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 7, the input switch module 100 includes a fet Q1. The output module 200 includes a freewheeling diode D1, an energy storage inductor L1, and an output capacitor C1. The control module 300 is a control chip U1, the control module 300 includes a diode D2 and an input control unit 320, the diode D2 and the input control unit 320 are integrated in the control chip U1, wherein the first interface J1 is a GATE pin GATE, the second interface J2 is a chip select pin CS and a ground pin GND, and the third interface J3 is a first sampling pin FB 1; the anode of the diode D2 is connected with the ground pin GND, and the cathode is connected with the first sampling pin FB 1; the input control unit 320 has one end connected to the GATE pin GATE and the other end connected to the first sampling pin FB 1. In the first sampling module 400, each of the first voltage-dividing resistor a410 and the first voltage-dividing resistor B420 includes a resistor, the first voltage-dividing resistor a410 is a resistor R1, and the first voltage-dividing resistor B420 is a resistor R2.
Specifically, in the input switch module 100, an input end of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected to a power supply, an output end of the field effect transistor Q1 is connected to the chip select pin CS and the third node G1, respectively, a control end of the field effect transistor Q8926 is connected to the GATE pin GATE, and the input control unit 320 controls on/off of the field effect transistor Q1. A resistor R6 is also connected in series between the output terminal of the fet Q1 and the third node G1.
In the output module 200, one end of the energy storage inductor L1 is connected to the input switch module 100, the second interface J2, the output capacitor C1 and the first sampling module 400, that is, connected to the third node G1, and the other end is connected to the freewheeling diode D1; one end of the output capacitor C1 is connected to the input switch module 100, the second interface J2, the energy storage inductor L1 and the first sampling module 400, that is, connected to the third node G1, and the other end is connected to the freewheeling diode D1; the anode of the freewheeling diode is connected to the energy storage inductor L1 and the input ground, respectively, and the cathode is connected to the output capacitor C1 and the output ground, respectively.
In the control module 300, the ground pin GND is connected to the third node G1, and the first sampling pin FB1 is connected to the first node P1. A resistor R3 is connected in series between the first sampling pin FB1 and the first node P1.
In the first sampling module 400, one end of the resistor R1 is connected to the third node G1, and the other end is connected to the resistor R2; one end of the resistor R2 is connected to the resistor R1, and the other end is connected to the cathode of the diode D1.
Let the output voltage be Vo, a first constant coefficient
When the field effect transistor Q1 is turned on, the inductor L1 is charged with magnetism, the current flowing through the inductor L1 increases linearly, the capacitor C1 starts to charge, the diode D1 and the diode D2 are both turned on, and the first sampling voltage collected by the first sampling pin FB1 is a negative clamping voltage.
When the field effect transistor Q1 is turned off, the inductor L1 starts to demagnetize, the current flowing through the inductor L1 decreases linearly, the capacitor C1 starts to discharge, the diode D1 is turned on, the diode D2 is turned off, the first sampling voltage collected by the first sampling pin FB1 is the voltage of the resistor R1, and the first sampling voltage is the voltage of the resistor R1
V1＝VR1＝k1·Vo，
When the field effect transistor Q1 is turned off, the inductor L1 is demagnetized, and the current flowing through the inductor L1 is zero, the capacitor C1 is in a discharge state, the diode D1 and the diode D2 are both turned off, the first sampling voltage collected by the first sampling pin FB1 is the voltage of the resistor R1, and then the first sampling voltage is the voltage of the resistor R1
V1＝VR1＝k1·Vo，
When the system is in a standby state, the floating type constant voltage circuit is in a DCM (discontinuous conduction mode), and when the field effect tube Q1 is switched off, the working state of the system can be detected in real time. When the system is switched from a standby state to other states, the floating type constant voltage circuit can reflect the change of the output voltage Vo in time through the first sampling voltage V1, switch the working state of the floating type constant voltage circuit from a DCM mode to a CCM mode (continuous conduction mode), and adjust the constant voltage reference input into the control unit 320 according to the amplitude of the output voltage so as to maintain the constant voltage output.
When the field effect transistor Q1 is turned off, if the first sampling voltage collected by the control chip U1 fluctuates or changes, that is, it indicates that the output voltage is unstable, at this time, the on-off frequency of the field effect transistor Q1 can be adjusted according to the output voltage, so that the input voltage and the output voltage are balanced again, and thus, the constant output of the voltage is realized.
In one embodiment, when the floating-ground type constant voltage circuit is a BUCK conversion circuit (BUCK circuit), the floating-ground type constant voltage circuit further includes a second sampling module 500 respectively connected to the output module 200 and the control module 300, as shown in fig. 8.
The second sampling module 500 is configured to sample the output voltage to obtain a second sampling voltage, and send the second sampling voltage to the control module 300, as shown in fig. 9, the second sampling module 500 includes a second voltage dividing unit connected in parallel with the energy storage inductor 221, where the second voltage dividing unit may include two or more second voltage dividing resistors connected in series, and in this embodiment, the second voltage dividing unit includes a second voltage dividing resistor a510 and a second voltage dividing resistor B520; a second node P2 between the second voltage-dividing resistor a510 and the second voltage-dividing resistor B520 is connected to the fourth interface J4, and the voltage at the second node P2 is the second sampling voltage.
When the input switch module 100 is turned on, the energy storage inductor 221 is charged with magnetism, the current flowing through the energy storage inductor 221 increases linearly, and the output capacitor 222 starts to charge; when the input switch module 100 is turned off, the energy storage inductor 221 discharges through the freewheeling diode 210 and through the third voltage dividing resistor R4 and the fourth voltage dividing resistor R5, the current of the energy storage inductor 221 decreases linearly, and the output voltage is maintained by the output capacitor 222 discharging and the decreasing current of the energy storage inductor 221.
As shown in fig. 9, the control module 300 further includes a second protection unit 340 and a data processing unit 330.
The second protection unit 330 is an esd protection diode, and has an anode connected to the third node G1 and a cathode connected to the second node P2, for protecting the second sampling module 500 when the input switch module 100 is turned off; when the input switch module 100 is turned on, the second protection unit 340 is turned on, and the voltage at the second node P2 (the second sampling voltage) is a negative clamping voltage; when the input switching module 100 is turned off, if the energy storage inductor 221 is in a demagnetized state, the second protection unit 340 is turned off, the energy storage inductor 221 → the second voltage dividing resistor a510 → the second voltage dividing resistor B520 → the energy storage inductor 221 form a loop, a voltage across the energy storage inductor 221 is a sum of voltages of the freewheeling diode 210 and the output voltage, that is, a voltage (second sampling voltage) at the second node P2 is a multiple of the sum of voltages of the freewheeling diode 210 and the output voltage; when the input switching module 100 is turned off, if the demagnetization of the energy storage inductor 221 is completed, the first protection unit 310 is turned off, and the voltage of the energy storage inductor 221 is zero, that is, the voltage (the second sampling voltage) at the second node P2 is zero.
One end of the data processing unit 330 is connected to the first sampling module 400 and the second sampling module 500, that is, connected to the third interface J3 and the fourth interface J4, respectively, and is configured to analyze and process the first sampling voltage and the second sampling voltage to obtain an accurate output voltage value; the other end is connected to the input control unit 320, and transmits the analysis result to the input control unit 320, so that the input control unit 320 controls the operation of the input switch module 100 according to the analysis result. After analyzing and processing the first sampling voltage and the second sampling voltage, the data processing unit 330 obtains a corresponding execution instruction, and sends the execution instruction to the input control unit 320, so that the input control unit 320 controls the input switch module 100 to operate according to the execution instruction. Specifically, when the output voltage changes, the input control unit 320 adjusts the output voltage by adjusting the operating frequency (i.e., the on-off frequency) of the input switch module 100 and adjusting the peak voltage of the input switch module 100 before the input switch module is turned off, so that the input voltage and the output voltage are restored to be balanced, thereby realizing the constant output of the output voltage.
Fig. 10 is a schematic circuit diagram of the floating constant voltage circuit of fig. 8 and 9. In the floating constant voltage circuit, a fourth interface J4 is a second sampling pin FB 2; the first protection unit 310, the input control unit 320, the data processing unit 330 and the second protection unit 340 are integrated in a chip U1, wherein the second protection unit 340 is a diode D3, the anode of the diode D3 is connected to the ground pin GND, and the cathode is connected to the second sampling pin FB 2; one end of the input control unit 320 is connected to the GATE pin GATE, and the other end is connected to the data processing unit 330; the data processing unit 330 has one end connected to the input control unit 320 and the other end connected to the first node P1 and the second node P2, respectively. In the second sampling module 500, the second voltage-dividing resistor a510 and the second voltage-dividing resistor B520 both include a resistor, the second voltage-dividing resistor a510 is a resistor R4, and the second voltage-dividing resistor B520 is a resistor R5; wherein the resistor R5 can be integrated in the control chip U1 or disposed outside the control chip U1, in the present embodiment, the resistor R5 is integrated in the control chip U1.
Specifically, in the control module 300, the second sampling pin FB2 is connected to the second node P2. In the second sampling module 500, the resistor R4 and the resistor R5 are connected in series and then connected in parallel with the inductor L1.
Let the output voltage be Vo, the voltage of the diode D1 be Vf, and the first constant coefficient
Coefficient of second constant
Coefficient of third constant
Coefficient of fourth constant
When the field effect transistor Q1 is turned off, the inductor L1 starts to be demagnetized, the current flowing through the inductor L1 is linearly reduced, the capacitor C1 starts to discharge, the diode D1 is turned on, the diode D2 and the diode D3 are both turned off, the first sampling voltage collected by the first sampling pin FB1 is the sum of the voltages of the resistor R2 and the diode D1, wherein the voltage V of the resistor R2R2K2 · Vo, i.e. the first sampled voltage
V1＝VR2+Vf＝k2·Vo+Vf。
The second sampling voltage collected by the second sampling pin FB2 is a multiple of the sum of the voltages of the diode D1 and the capacitor C1, that is, the second sampling voltage
V2＝k4(Vo+Vf)。
The data processing unit 330 analyzes the first sampling voltage and the second sampling voltage, specifically, analyzes the second sampling voltage
After doubling, adding the first sampled voltage, i.e.
The data processing unit 330 can obtain an accurate output voltage value independent of the diode D1, i.e. the output voltage
In this embodiment, when the inductor L1 is demagnetized, the influence of the voltage drop of the diode D1 on the output voltage calculation can be eliminated.
In another embodiment, referring to fig. 11, fig. 11 is a circuit block diagram of a floating ground type constant voltage circuit in an embodiment, the floating ground type constant voltage circuit is a BUCK conversion circuit (BUCK circuit), and the floating ground type constant voltage circuit includes an input switch module 100, an output module 200, a control module 300, a first sampling module 400, and a second sampling module 500.
The internal structures of the input switch module 100, the output module 200, the control module 300, the first sampling module 400, and the second sampling module 500, the connection relationship among the input switch module 100, the output module 200, the control module 300, and the second sampling module 500, and the connection relationship between the control module 300 and the first sampling module 400 are all explained clearly in the embodiment of the BUCK conversion circuit (BUCK circuit), and are not described herein again. The BUCK conversion circuit (BUCK circuit) in the present embodiment is different from the BUCK conversion circuit (BUCK circuit) in the above-described embodiment in that:
the output module 200 comprises a freewheeling diode 210 and an energy storage unit 220, the negative electrode of the freewheeling diode 210 is respectively connected with the input switch module 100, the control module 300, the energy storage unit 220, the second sampling module 500 and the first sampling module 400, and the positive electrode is grounded; the energy storage unit 220 is further connected to the first sampling module 400 at one end thereof connected to the input switch module 100, the control module 300, the freewheeling diode 210 and the second sampling module 500, and is grounded at the other end thereof.
The energy storage unit 220 includes an energy storage inductor 221 and an output capacitor 222; the energy storage inductor 221 is connected with the input switch module 100, the control module 300, the freewheeling diode 210 and the second sampling module 500 respectively, one end of the energy storage inductor is further connected with the first sampling module 400, and the other end of the energy storage inductor is connected with the output capacitor 222; one end of the output capacitor 222 is connected to the energy storage inductor 221 and the second sampling module 500, and the other end is grounded.
The first voltage-dividing resistor a410 and the first voltage-dividing resistor B420 in the first sampling module 400 are connected in series and then connected in parallel to two ends of the freewheeling diode 210, that is, the first voltage-dividing resistor a410 and the first voltage-dividing resistor B420 are connected in series and then connected in parallel to two ends of the energy-storing inductor 221 and the output capacitor 222 which are connected in series.
When the input switch module 100 is turned on, the energy storage inductor 221 is charged with magnetism, the current flowing through the energy storage inductor 221 increases linearly, and the output capacitor 222 starts to charge; when the input switch module 100 is turned off, the energy storage inductor 221 discharges through the third voltage dividing resistor R4 and the fourth voltage dividing resistor R5, the current of the energy storage inductor 221 decreases linearly, the output voltage is maintained by the discharge of the output capacitor 222 and the decreasing current of the energy storage inductor 221.
The first protection unit 310 and the second protection unit 330 are both esd protection diodes, the anode of the first protection unit 310 is connected to the second interface J2, and the cathode is connected to the first node P1, so as to protect the first sampling module 400 when the input switch module 100 is turned off; the anode of the second protection unit 330 is connected to the third node G1, and the cathode is connected to the second node P2, for protecting the second sampling module 500 when the input switch module 100 is turned off.
When the input switch module 100 is turned on, the voltage at the first node P1 (the first sampled voltage) and the voltage at the second node P2 (the second sampled voltage) are both negative clamp voltages.
When the input switching module 100 is turned off, if the energy storage inductor 221 is in a demagnetized state, the second protection unit 340 is turned off, the energy storage inductor 221 → the second voltage dividing resistor a510 → the second voltage dividing resistor B520 → the energy storage inductor 221 form a loop, and a voltage across the energy storage inductor 221 is a sum of voltages of the freewheeling diode 210 and the output capacitor 222, that is, a voltage (second sampling voltage) at the second node P2 is a multiple of a sum of voltages of the freewheeling diode 210 and the output capacitor 222.
When the input switch module 100 is turned off, if the energy storage inductor 221 is demagnetized, the freewheeling diode 210 is turned off, the first protection unit 310 is turned off, the output capacitor 222 → the first voltage-dividing resistor a410 → the first voltage-dividing resistor B420 → the output capacitor 222 forms a loop, and the voltage (the first sampling voltage) at the first node P1 is the negative voltage of the first voltage-dividing resistor B420 and the first voltage-dividing resistor a 410.
Fig. 12 is a schematic circuit diagram of the floating constant voltage circuit of fig. 11. In the floating constant voltage circuit, one end of a resistor R1 is connected with a third node G1, and the other end is connected with a first node P1; one end of the resistor R2 is connected to the first node P1, and the other end is grounded.
Let the output voltage be Vo, the voltage of the diode D1 be Vf, and the first constant coefficient
Coefficient of second constant
Coefficient of third constant
Coefficient of fourth constant
When the field effect transistor Q1 is turned off, the inductor L1 starts to be demagnetized, the current flowing through the inductor L1 is linearly decreased, the capacitor C1 starts to discharge, the diode D1 is turned on, the diode D2 and the diode D3 are both turned off, the second sampling voltage collected by the second sampling pin FB2 is a multiple of the sum of the voltages of the diode D1 and the capacitor C1, that is, the second sampling voltage
V2＝k4(Vo+Vf)。
When the field effect transistor Q1 is turned off and the inductor L1 is demagnetized, the capacitor C1 is in a discharge state, the diode D1, the diode D2 and the diode D3 are all turned off, the first sampling voltage collected by the first sampling pin FB1 is the negative voltage of the resistor R1, and the voltage of the resistor R1 is negative voltage
VR1＝k1·Vo，
I.e. the first sampled voltage
V1＝-VR1＝-k1·Vo。
In this embodiment, when the system is in a standby state, the floating constant voltage circuit is in a DCM mode (discontinuous conduction mode), and when the fet Q1 is turned off, the operating state of the system may be detected in real time, specifically, when the fet Q1 is turned off, if the inductor L1 is in a demagnetizing state, the operating state of the system may be detected in real time by the second sampling voltage; if the demagnetization of the inductor L1 is completed, the working state of the system can be detected in real time through the first sampling voltage. When the system is switched from a standby state to other states, the floating type constant voltage circuit can reflect the change of the output voltage Vo through the first sampling voltage V1 or the second sampling voltage V2 in time, switch the working state of the floating type constant voltage circuit from the DCM mode to the CCM mode (continuous conduction mode), and adjust the constant voltage reference input into the control unit 320 according to the amplitude of the output voltage to maintain the constant voltage output.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (13)
1. A floating ground type constant voltage circuit, comprising:
the input switch module is used for controlling voltage input;
the output module is respectively connected with the input switch module and the ground and used for outputting voltage;
the first sampling module is connected with the output module and used for sampling the output voltage to obtain a first sampling voltage; the power supply comprises a first voltage division unit, wherein one end of the first voltage division unit is connected with the output module, and the other end of the first voltage division unit is grounded; the first voltage division unit comprises two or more first voltage division resistors connected in series; and
and the control module is respectively connected with the input switch module and the output module, is also connected with a first node between the two first voltage dividing resistors, and is used for receiving the first sampling voltage and controlling the input switch module.
2. The floating constant voltage circuit of claim 1, wherein the control module comprises a first interface, a second interface and a third interface, the first interface is connected to the input switch module, the second interface is connected to the input switch module and the output module, respectively, and the third interface is connected to the first sampling module.
3. The floating constant voltage circuit of claim 2, wherein the output module comprises a freewheeling diode and an energy storage unit;
the negative electrode of the freewheeling diode is respectively connected with the input switch module, the second interface and the energy storage unit, and the positive electrode of the freewheeling diode is grounded;
the first end of the energy storage unit is respectively connected with the input switch module, the second interface and the freewheeling diode, the second end of the energy storage unit is connected with the first sampling module, and the third end of the energy storage unit is grounded.
4. The floating constant voltage circuit of claim 3, wherein the energy storage unit comprises an energy storage inductor and an output capacitor;
one end of the energy storage inductor is connected with the input switch module, the second interface and the fly-wheel diode respectively, and the other end of the energy storage inductor is connected with the output capacitor and the first sampling module respectively;
one end of the output capacitor is connected with the energy storage inductor and the first sampling module respectively, and the other end of the output capacitor is grounded.
5. The floating constant voltage circuit of claim 1, wherein the output module comprises a freewheeling diode and an energy storage unit;
one end of the freewheeling diode is respectively connected with the input switch module, the second interface, the energy storage unit and the first sampling module, and the other end of the freewheeling diode is grounded;
one end of the energy storage unit is connected with the input switch module, the second interface, the freewheeling diode and the first sampling module respectively, and the other end of the energy storage unit is grounded.
6. The floating constant voltage circuit of claim 5, wherein the energy storage unit comprises an energy storage inductor and an output capacitor;
one end of the energy storage inductor is connected with the input switch module, the second interface, the first sampling module and the freewheeling diode respectively, and the other end of the energy storage inductor is connected with the output capacitor;
one end of the output capacitor is connected with the energy storage inductor, and the other end of the output capacitor is grounded.
7. The floating constant voltage circuit of claim 1, wherein one end of the first voltage division unit is connected to the output module, and the other end is connected to the output module and then grounded;
the control module comprises a first interface, a second interface and a third interface, the first interface is connected with the input switch module, the second interface is respectively connected with the input switch module, the output module and the first sampling module, and the third interface is connected with the first sampling module.
8. The floating constant voltage circuit of claim 7, wherein the output module comprises an energy storage inductor, an output capacitor and a freewheeling diode;
one end of the energy storage inductor is connected with the input switch module, the second interface, the output capacitor and the first sampling module respectively, and the other end of the energy storage inductor is connected with the fly-wheel diode;
one end of the output capacitor is connected with the input switch module, the second interface, the energy storage inductor and the first sampling module respectively, and the other end of the output capacitor is connected with the fly-wheel diode;
and the anode of the freewheeling diode is connected with the energy storage inductor, and the cathode of the freewheeling diode is connected with the output capacitor.
9. The floating constant voltage circuit according to any one of claims 2-8, wherein the control module comprises a first protection unit connected between the second interface and the first node for protecting the first sampling module when the input switch module is turned off.
10. The floating constant voltage circuit of any one of claims 2-8, wherein the control module comprises an input control unit, the input control unit is connected between the first interface and the first node, and is configured to receive the first sampling voltage and control the input switch module to operate according to the first sampling voltage.
11. The floating constant voltage circuit of claim 4 or 6, further comprising a second sampling module connected to the output module and the control module, respectively;
the second sampling module comprises a second voltage division unit connected with the energy storage inductor in parallel, and the second voltage division unit comprises two or more second voltage division resistors connected in series;
a second node between the two second voltage-dividing resistors is connected with the control module;
the second sampling module is used for sampling the voltages at two ends of the energy storage inductor to obtain a second sampling voltage and sending the second sampling voltage to the control module.
12. The floating constant voltage circuit of claim 11, wherein the control module comprises a second protection unit connected between the cathode of the freewheeling diode and the second node for protecting the second sampling module when the input switching module is turned off.
13. The floating constant voltage circuit of claim 11, wherein the control module comprises:
the data processing unit is respectively connected with the first sampling module and the second sampling module and is used for analyzing and processing the first sampling voltage and the second sampling voltage; and
and the input control unit is respectively connected with the data processing unit and the input switch module and is used for receiving the analysis result of the data processing unit and controlling the input switch module to work according to the analysis result.
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| CN207753898U (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-08-21 | 上海灿瑞科技股份有限公司 | A kind of output overvoltage protection circuit based on floating ground BUCK frameworks |
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| CN104426370A (en) * | 2013-09-10 | 2015-03-18 | 杭州必易科技有限公司 | Power supply adapter and adaptive control circuit and adaptive control method of power supply adapter |
| WO2015077312A1 (en) * | 2013-11-19 | 2015-05-28 | Terralux, Inc. | Output regulation with dynamic digital control loop compensation |
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