CN107080098A - 一种提高肉鸡生长和产肉性能的肉种鸡饲料 - Google Patents
一种提高肉鸡生长和产肉性能的肉种鸡饲料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN107080098A CN107080098A CN201710480755.XA CN201710480755A CN107080098A CN 107080098 A CN107080098 A CN 107080098A CN 201710480755 A CN201710480755 A CN 201710480755A CN 107080098 A CN107080098 A CN 107080098A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了属于畜禽养殖与饲料配制技术领域的一种提高肉鸡生长和产肉性能的肉种鸡饲料。所述将多种植物蛋白原料和染料木黄酮配合使用饲喂肉种鸡，合理的利用杂粕作为动物饲料原料部分替代豆粕，能够起到更合理的利用饲料原料的效果，用以提高子代商品肉鸡的肉鸡生长和产肉性能并提高种鸡产蛋率、种蛋受精率和孵化率。所述饲料配方适用于饲料加工厂和养殖场自配饲料，可以直接喂食。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于畜禽养殖与饲料配制技术领域，具体涉及一种提高肉鸡生长和产肉性能的肉种鸡饲料。
背景技术
商品肉鸡饲养是现代肉鸡生产体系的主体，决定着整个肉鸡产业链的生产效率。现代育种理论的应用使肉鸡生产水平不断提高，从出壳到上市的生长周期逐渐缩短。目前，我国商品肉鸡的生产性能，无论增重速度、成活率，还是饲料转化效率，与先进国家都有较大的差距。饲料营养技术是肉鸡充分发挥遗传潜力的重要条件，提高商品肉鸡营养素水平或补加新型功能性添加剂无疑增加商品肉鸡的日粮成本；母体(种鸡)营养对子代有着重要影响，譬如子代肌纤维的数量就是在胚胎发育期决定的，因此母体(种母鸡)营养对子代肌肉发育和产肉率就会产生重要影响，但母体(种鸡)营养调节子代生长发育和生产的理论和技术的研究与应用均还处在起步阶段。
染料木黄酮(Genistein，GEN)主要来源于大豆和豆科牧草，具有与雌二醇相似的结构特征。因此，染料木黄酮能与雌激素靶细胞结合，具有雌激素和抗雌激素的双重调节作用，与性激素和生长激素分泌系统有密切关系。有文献报道，染料木黄酮还具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤和提高免疫力等生物学功能，并且能够调控动物体内的脂肪和骨骼代谢。
发明内容
本发明目的是针对商品肉鸡生长和产肉性能低，抗病促生长添加剂(饲用抗生素)禁用等生产中存在的问题，提供一种提高肉鸡生长和产肉性能的肉种 鸡饲料，利用针对种鸡的营养技术来调控子代生长，提高子代商品肉鸡生长和产肉性能。
为此，本发明的技术方案如下：
一种提高肉鸡生长和产肉性能的肉种鸡饲料，包括以下重量组成的原料：
玉米60-80份、大豆粕2-10份、玉米蛋白粉5-10份、脱酚棉籽蛋白4-10份、石粉4-10份、大豆油0.1-2份、碳酸氢钙1-5份、食盐0.1-2份、沸石粉0.1-2份、肉种鸡微量元素0.1-2份、氯化胆碱0.1-1份、霉菌毒素脱毒剂0.1-0.5份、DL-蛋氨酸0.01-0.1份、肉种鸡多种维生素0.01-0.1份、抗氧化剂0.01-0.1份、植酸酶0.01-0.05份、黄霉素0.01-0.05份、L-赖氨酸盐酸盐0.1-1份、苏氨酸0.01-0.2份、色氨酸0.01-0.1份、次粉0.1-1份、染料木黄酮30-400ppm(以肉种鸡饲料总质量计)。
上述肉种鸡饲料中，优选的，包括以下重量组成的原料：
玉米65-75份、大豆粕2-5份、玉米蛋白粉6-9份、脱酚棉籽蛋白5-8份、石粉5-8份、大豆油0.1-1份、碳酸氢钙1-3份、食盐0.1-1份、沸石粉0.1-0.5份、肉种鸡微量元素0.1-0.8份、氯化胆碱0.1-0.5份、霉菌毒素脱毒剂0.1-0.2份、DL-蛋氨酸0.01-0.1份、肉种鸡多种维生素0.01-0.05份、抗氧化剂0.01-0.05份、植酸酶0.01-0.03份、黄霉素0.01-0.03份、L-赖氨酸盐酸盐0.1-0.5份、苏氨酸0.01-0.1份、色氨酸0.01-0.0.7份、次粉0.1-0.6份、染料木黄酮35-100ppm。
上述肉种鸡饲料中，最优的，包括以下重量组成的原料：
玉米69.4份、大豆粕4份、玉米蛋白粉8.1份、脱酚棉籽蛋白6份、石粉7.79份、大豆油0.5份、碳酸氢钙2.09份、食盐0.35份、沸石粉0.213份、肉种鸡-微量0.3份、氯化胆碱0.12份、霉菌毒素脱毒剂0.1份、DL-蛋氨酸0.0515份、肉种鸡--多维0.035份、抗氧化剂0.03份、植酸酶0.016份、黄霉素0.015 份、L-赖氨酸盐酸盐0.385份、苏氨酸0.0664份、色氨酸0.0481份、次粉0.3份、染料木黄酮40ppm。
上述肉种鸡饲料中，所述肉种鸡微量元素包括的微量元素和质量比为：Cu：Zn：Fe：Mn：Se：I＝8：75：80：100：0.15：0.35。
上述肉种鸡饲料中，所述肉种鸡多种微生素包括的微生素和质量比为：维生素A：维生素D3：维生素E：维生素K3：维生素B1：维生素B2：维生素B6：维生素B12：泛酸：烟酸：叶酸：生物素＝15000IU：3000IU：22.5IU：3mg：3mg：8mg：6mg：0.03mg：17.64mg：44mg：17.64mg：0.15mg。
本发明的肉种鸡饲料的制备方法为：按比例定量称取各组分，先将肉种鸡微量元素、氯化胆碱、霉菌毒素脱毒剂、DL-蛋氨酸、肉种鸡多种维生素、抗氧化剂、植酸酶、黄霉素、L-赖氨酸盐酸盐、苏氨酸、色氨酸等小料混合均匀，再将混好的小料与其他原料混合均匀得到其他原料混合物，然后将染料木黄酮与20-30％的其他原料混合物混合均匀，然后再与剩下的其他原料混合物混合均匀。
一种提高肉鸡生长和产肉性能的方法，包括给肉鸡的种母鸡喂食含有染料木黄酮的肉种鸡饲料。
上述方法中，所述喂食的方法，按所述肉种鸡饲料中的染料木黄酮计，每日喂食量为35-45ppm。
上述方法中，所述种鸡饲料喂本发明上述的肉种鸡饲料。
一种提高肉种鸡生产性能的方法，包括给肉鸡的种鸡喂食本发明上述肉种鸡饲料。
上述方法中，所述喂食的方法为，所述喂食的方法为，按所述肉种鸡饲料中的染料木黄酮计，每日喂食量为35-45mg/kg。
本发明的有益效果
1、本发明提供的肉种鸡饲料从种鸡营养添加出发，可以实现提高其子代商品肉鸡的生长和产肉性能，同时也可提高机体组织抗氧化能力，并提高种蛋受精率、孵化率和鸡胚发育，缓解生产中环境应激生理问题。
2、本发明提供的肉种鸡饲料将多种植物蛋白原料和染料木黄酮配合使用饲喂肉种鸡，合理的利用杂粕作为动物饲料原料部分替代豆粕，能够起到更合理的利用饲料原料的效果，用以提高子代商品肉鸡的生长和产肉性能并提高种鸡产蛋率、种蛋受精率和孵化率。所述饲料配方适用于饲料加工厂和养殖场自配饲料，可以直接喂食。使用的染料木黄酮为天然安全的植物提取物，已作为添加剂添加在功能食品中，所生产的肉、蛋等产品安全，无副作用。
3、本发明提供的肉种鸡饲料，通过种鸡营养技术提高商品肉鸡的生长和产肉性能，可以直接为肉鸡养殖业带来可观的经济效益，也可减少商品肉鸡生产中抗生素的滥用，是应对目前畜牧生产中用抗生素残留问题的一个好的办法，减少抗生素的使用能够产生良好的社会效益。对商品肉鸡养殖业发展产生重大意义。
附图说明
图1为种鸡饲料添加染料木黄酮对鸡胚发育后期胚胎重量的影响；
图2为种鸡饲料添加染料木黄酮对鸡胚发育后期胚胎长度的影响；
图3为种鸡饲料添加染料木黄酮对子代21日龄肉鸡肝脏IGF-1mRNA相对表达量的影响；
其中**表示P值<0.05。
具体实施方式
以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。实施例中未注明 具体技术或条件者，按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件，或者按照产品说明书进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可通过正规渠道商购买得到的常规产品。
实施例1
提高种蛋受精率和孵化率，促进子代肉鸡的生长和提高产肉量试验选用体重及生理状态相近的57周龄罗斯肉种鸡720只，随机分为3个日粮处理组(表1)，每个处理8个重复，每个重复30只鸡。3个处理组分为对照组和2个试验处理组，期间按正常肉种鸡管理饲喂和饮水，预饲期为2周，试验周期为10周。试验第10周收取各处理组种蛋进行孵化。孵化出各处理组商品肉鸡饲喂基础豆粕日粮，周期为42天。试验测定种蛋孵化指标，鸡胚发育以及商品肉鸡生产性能、抗氧化能力、基因表达等。
本发明的肉种鸡饲料的制备方法为：按表1中的比例定量称取各组分，先将肉种鸡微量元素、氯化胆碱、霉菌毒素脱毒剂、DL-蛋氨酸、肉种鸡多种维生素、抗氧化剂、植酸酶、黄霉素、L-赖氨酸盐酸盐、苏氨酸、色氨酸等小料混合均匀，再将混好的小料与其他原料混合均匀得到其他原料混合物，然后将染料木黄酮与20-30％的其他原料混合物混合均匀，然后再与剩下的其他原料混合物混合均匀。
上述肉种鸡饲料中，所述肉种鸡微量元素包括的微量元素和质量比为：Cu：Zn：Fe：Mn：Se：I＝8：75：80：100：0.15：0.35。
上述肉种鸡饲料中，所述肉种鸡多种微生素包括的微生素和质量比为：维生素A：维生素D3：维生素E：维生素K3：维生素B1：维生素B2：维生素B6：维生素B12：泛酸：烟酸：叶酸：生物素＝15000IU：3000IU：22.5IU：3mg：3mg：8mg：6mg：0.03mg：17.64mg：44mg：17.64mg：0.15mg。
表1试验分组及饲料配方
表2本发明的肉种鸡饲料对种蛋孵化的影响
由表2可以看出，与对照组相比(A组)，种鸡日粮中添加GEN 40mg/kg可以提高种蛋受精率、孵化率；而400mg/kg添加水平作用效果不明显。由图 1和2可以看出种鸡日粮中添加GEN 40mg/kg提高了13胚龄(p＝0.068)、17胚龄(p<0.05)和19胚龄(p<0.05)鸡胚重量；对鸡胚发育后期体长变化没有显著影响。
表3本发明的肉种鸡饲料对子代肉鸡21日龄和42日龄生产性能的影响
表4本发明的肉种鸡饲料对子代肉鸡21日龄胫骨参数的影响
由表3可以看出，与对照组相比(A组)，种鸡日粮中添加GEN 40mg/kg有显著提高1-21日龄(p<0.01)和1-42日龄体增重(p<0.05)，并且显著降低了1-42日龄耗料料增重比(FCR)。如图2所示，种鸡日粮中添加GEN 40mg/kg显著提高子代21日龄胫骨长度，促进了仔鸡的生长。
表5本发明的肉种鸡饲料对子代肉鸡42日龄屠宰性能影响
表6本发明的肉种鸡饲料对子代肉鸡42日龄器官指数的影响
由表5可以看出，种鸡日粮中添加GEN 40mg/kg显著提高子代肉鸡42日龄胸肌率(p<0.05)，并且40和400mg/kg的添加水平起到降低腹脂含量的效果(P＝0.084)。GEN对全净膛率的影响没有达到显著水平。此外，GEN 40mg/kg有提高子代肉鸡21日龄(p<0.01)和42日龄肝脏器官指数的趋势(p＝0.076)，对心脏器官指数的作用不显著(表6)。
表7本发明的肉种鸡饲料对子代肉鸡21日龄血清激素水平的影响
由表7可以看出，种鸡日粮中添加GEN 40mg/kg显著降低子代肉鸡21日龄血清雌二醇(E2)水平(p<0.05)，提高了三碘甲状腺原氨酸(T3)(p＝0.145)和生长激素水平(GH)(p＝0.124)。对血清中睾酮(TT)和甲状腺素(T4)含量没有影响。同时从图3可以看出，种鸡日粮中添加GEN 40mg/kg显著提高子代肉仔鸡肝脏胰岛素样生长因子IGF-1的mRNA表达量。因此母源GEN能够通过内分泌系统调控生长相关激素的分泌，从而促进子代肉鸡的生长。
表8本发明的肉种鸡饲料对子代肉鸡21日龄肝脏抗氧化能力的影响
单位：TAOC(U/mg prot),MDA(nmol/mg prot),SOD(U/mg prot),GSH-Px(U/mgprot),CAT(U/mg prot)
由表8可以看出，种鸡日粮添加GEN40mg/kg或400kg/kg提高子代商品肉鸡21d肝脏总抗氧化力(TAOC)(p<0.01)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-px)(p<0.05)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)酶活(p＝0.073)，并且40mg/kg的添加水平显著降低了肝脏丙二醛的含量，说明肉种鸡日粮添加GEN提高了子代肉鸡的抗氧化能力，但是对过氧化氢酶(CAT)没有显著影响。
虽然，上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述，但在本发明基础上，可以对之作一些修改或改进，这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此，在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进，均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种提高肉鸡生长和产肉性能的肉种鸡饲料，其特征在于，包括以下重量组成的原料：
玉米60-80份、大豆粕2-10份、玉米蛋白粉5-10份、脱酚棉籽蛋白4-10份、石粉4-10份、大豆油0.1-2份、碳酸氢钙1-5份、食盐0.1-2份、沸石粉0.1-2份、肉种鸡微量元素0.1-2份、氯化胆碱0.1-1份、霉菌毒素脱毒剂0.1-0.5份、DL-蛋氨酸0.01-0.1份、肉种鸡多种维生素0.01-0.1份、抗氧化剂0.01-0.1份、植酸酶0.01-0.05份、黄霉素0.01-0.05份、L-赖氨酸盐酸盐0.1-1份、苏氨酸0.01-0.2份、色氨酸0.01-0.1份、次粉0.1-1份、染料木黄酮30-400ppm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的肉种鸡饲料，其特征在于，包括以下重量组成的原料：
玉米65-75份、大豆粕2-5份、玉米蛋白粉6-9份、脱酚棉籽蛋白5-8份、石粉5-8份、大豆油0.1-1份、碳酸氢钙1-3份、食盐0.1-1份、沸石粉0.1-0.5份、肉种鸡微量元素0.1-0.8份、氯化胆碱0.1-0.5份、霉菌毒素脱毒剂0.1-0.2份、DL-蛋氨酸0.01-0.1份、肉种鸡多种维生素0.01-0.05份、抗氧化剂0.01-0.05份、植酸酶0.01-0.03份、黄霉素0.01-0.03份、L-赖氨酸盐酸盐0.1-0.5份、苏氨酸0.01-0.1份、色氨酸0.01-0.0.7份、次粉0.1-0.6份、染料木黄酮35-100ppm。
3.根据权利要求2所述的肉种鸡饲料，其特征在于，包括以下重量组成的原料：
玉米69.4份、大豆粕4份、玉米蛋白粉8.1份、脱酚棉籽蛋白6份、石粉7.79份、大豆油0.5份、碳酸氢钙2.09份、食盐0.35份、沸石粉0.213份、肉种鸡-微量0.3份、氯化胆碱0.12份、霉菌毒素脱毒剂0.1份、DL-蛋氨酸0.0515份、肉种鸡--多维0.035份、抗氧化剂0.03份、植酸酶0.016份、黄霉素0.015份、L-赖氨酸盐酸盐0.385份、苏氨酸0.0664份、色氨酸0.0481份、次粉0.3份、染料木黄酮40ppm。
4.权利要求1-3任一项所述的肉种鸡饲料，其特征在于，所述肉种鸡微量元素包括的微量元素和质量比为：Cu：Zn：Fe：Mn：Se：I＝8：75：80：100：0.15：0.35。
5.权利要求1-3任一项所述的肉种鸡饲料，其特征在于，所述肉种鸡多种微生素包括的微生素和质量比为：维生素A：维生素D3：维生素E：维生素K3：维生素B1：维生素B2：维生素B6：维生素B12：泛酸：烟酸：叶酸：生物素＝15000IU：3000IU：22.5IU：3mg：3mg：8mg：6mg：0.03mg：17.64mg：44mg：17.64mg：0.15mg。
6.一种提高肉鸡生长和产肉性能的方法，其特征在于，包括给肉鸡的种母鸡喂食含有染料木黄酮的肉种鸡饲料。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述喂食的方法，按所述肉种鸡饲料中的染料木黄酮计，每日喂食量为35-45ppm。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述种鸡饲料喂权利要求1-5任一项所述的肉种鸡饲料。
9.一种提高肉种鸡生产性能的方法，其特征在于，包括给肉鸡的种鸡喂食权利要求1-5任一项所述肉种鸡饲料。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，所述喂食的方法为，所述喂食的方法为，按所述肉种鸡饲料中的染料木黄酮计，每日喂食量为35-45mg/kg。
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| CN117158516A (zh) * | 2023-08-30 | 2023-12-05 | 中国农业大学 | 用于提高白羽肉种鸡产蛋性能及其子代生产性能的低蛋白日粮及应用 |
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