CN107070275A - 五电平低共模漏电流单相光伏并网逆变器及光伏并网系统 - Google Patents

五电平低共模漏电流单相光伏并网逆变器及光伏并网系统 Download PDF

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CN107070275A
CN107070275A CN201710180346.8A CN201710180346A CN107070275A CN 107070275 A CN107070275 A CN 107070275A CN 201710180346 A CN201710180346 A CN 201710180346A CN 107070275 A CN107070275 A CN 107070275A
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power switch
switch tube
photovoltaic
inverter
circuit
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黄敏
杨勇
方刚
卢进军
谢胜仁
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JIANGSU GOODWE POWER SUPPLY TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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JIANGSU GOODWE POWER SUPPLY TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2018/080350 priority patent/WO2018171767A1/zh
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02J3/383—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/02—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/04—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/22—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M5/275—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/293—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases without intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
    • H02M1/123—Suppression of common mode voltage or current
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Abstract

本发明涉及一种五电平低共模漏电流单相光伏并网逆变器，包括H桥电路、交流旁路开关电路、直流钳位开关电路；H桥电路连接于直流母线和电网/负载之间；交流旁路开关电路连接于H桥的两个输出端之间；直流钳位开关电路连接于直流母线的电容中点与H桥电路的输出端之间。H桥电路包括功率开关管S1、功率开关管S2、功率开关管S3、功率开关管S4；交流旁路开关电路包括功率开关管S5、功率开关管S6；直流钳位开关电路包括二极管D1、二极管D2、功率开关管S8、功率开关管S7。本发明还涉及采用上述五电平低共模漏电流单相光伏并网逆变器的光伏并网系统。本发明充分发挥五电平的优势，提高逆变器性能，还可以有效抑制共模漏电流。

Description

五电平低共模漏电流单相光伏并网逆变器及光伏并网系统
技术领域
本发明属于光伏发电领域，具体涉及一种新型的五电平光伏并网逆变器。
背景技术
光伏发电是一种清洁可再生能源，由于太阳能资源丰富、分布广泛，近年来得到广泛的关注和应用。光伏并网逆变器是光伏阵列与电网或负载的接口，它主要功能将直流电转化为交流电。光伏逆变器是光伏发电系统核心设备，其性能将影响整个光伏发电系统性能。对于光伏并网逆变器，可分为隔离型和非隔离型两种。由于非隔离型光伏并网逆变器具有效率高、体积小、质量轻以及成本低等优点，目前大部分商用光伏逆变器采用这种结构。但非隔离型光伏并网逆变器没有变压器隔离，光伏电池、光伏逆变器和电网通过光伏电池对地寄生电容形成了共模回路，共模电压不断变化在共模回路中产生较大的共模电流。该高频共模电流会导致传导和辐射干扰以及增加系统的损耗，甚至危及设备和检修人员的安全，因此，在非隔离型并网逆变器中，必须抑制共模电流。目前，为了抑制非隔离型并网逆变器共模电流，多种新型拓扑结构被提出，如H5拓扑结构、H6拓扑结构、HERIC拓扑结构等。但这些逆变器拓扑结构逆变器输出电压为三个电平，称为三电平逆变器。
目前还现有一种五电平逆变器，它相对于三电平逆变器，具有逆变器的滤波电感更小、逆变器输出电流脉动更小、电压变化率更小等优点，可以提高逆变器效率和降低逆变器输出电流纹波。因此，五电平光伏并网逆变器有利于并网逆变器性能和效率的提高。但现有的五电平逆变器却不能解决工模电流的问题，例如专利号为ZL201310090983.8的发明中提出的一种新型五电平逆变器拓扑结构，它和三电平逆变器相比，能够提高逆变器效率，但该发明专利没有考虑光伏并网逆变器共模漏电流抑制问题。
因此，对于常规单相三电平光伏并网逆变器(如H5、H6等)可以有效抑制甚至消除光伏并网逆变器共模漏电流，但和单相五电平光伏逆变器相比，在效率、电流纹波、电压变化率等方面存在不足。而五电平逆变器的拓扑结构却没有考虑到光伏逆变器共模漏电流抑制和消除问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种能够充分发挥五电平的优势，又能够有效抑制单相光伏并网逆变器的共模漏电流的单相光伏并网逆变器。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：
一种五电平低共模漏电流单相光伏并网逆变器，连接于光伏阵列所连接的直流母线和电网/负载之间，其包括用于进行电能转换而将直流电转化为交流电的H桥电路、用于对交流电进行旁路控制的交流旁路开关电路、用于限制直流电的电压的直流钳位开关电路；
所述H桥电路的输入端与所述直流母线的两端相连接，所述H桥电路的输出端与所述电网/负载相连接；所述交流旁路开关电路连接于所述H桥的两个输出端之间；所述直流钳位开关电路连接于所述直流母线的电容中点与所述H桥电路的一个输出端之间。
优选的，所述H桥电路包括功率开关管S1、功率开关管S2、功率开关管S3、功率开关管S4，所述功率开关管S1和所述功率开关管S2连接构成一条连接于所述直流母线两端之间的桥臂，所述功率开关管S3和所述功率开关管S4连接构成另一条连接于所述直流母线两端之间的桥臂，两条所述桥臂的两端构成所述H桥电路的输入端，两条所述桥臂的中点构成所述H桥电路的输出端。
优选的，所述交流旁路开关电路包括功率开关管S5、功率开关管S6，所述功率开关管S5和所述功率开关管S6串联后连接于所述H桥的两个输出端之间。
优选的，所述直流钳位开关电路包括依次串联构成回路的二极管D1、二极管D2、功率开关管S8、功率开关管S7，所述二极管D1和所述二极管D2的中点与所述直流母线的电容中点相连接，所述功率开关管S8和所述功率开关管S7的中点与所述H桥电路的一个输出端相连接。
优选的，所述H桥电路经LC滤波器而连接至所述电网/负载。
一种光伏并网系统，包括光伏阵列、与所述光伏阵列相连接的直流母线、与所述直流母线相连接的光伏并网逆变器、与所述光伏并网逆变器相连接的LC滤波器，电网与所述LC滤波器相连接，所述光伏并网逆变器采用上述五电平低共模漏电流单相光伏并网逆变器。
由于上述技术方案运用，本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点：本发明的光伏并网逆变器拓扑结构充分发挥五电平的优势(克服了单相三电平逆变器的输出电平不足)，提高光伏并网逆变器性能(电流纹波、效率、电压变化率等)，同时可以有效抑制单相光伏并网逆变器的共模漏电流。
附图说明
附图1为本发明的光伏并网系统的原理图。
附图2为本发明的五电平低共模漏电流单相光伏并网逆变器中电网电压正半周期、输出电压为Vdc时的电流流向示意图。
附图3为本发明的五电平低共模漏电流单相光伏并网逆变器中电网电压正半周期、输出电压为Vdc/2时的电流流向示意图。
附图4为本发明的五电平低共模漏电流单相光伏并网逆变器中电网电压正半周期、输出电压为0时的电流流向示意图。
附图5为本发明的五电平低共模漏电流单相光伏并网逆变器中电网电压负半周期、输出电压为-Vdc时的电流流向示意图。
附图6为本发明的五电平低共模漏电流单相光伏并网逆变器中电网电压负半周期、输出电压为-Vdc/2时的电流流向示意图。
附图7为本发明的五电平低共模漏电流单相光伏并网逆变器中电网电压负半周期、输出电压为0时的电流流向示意图。
以上附图中：1、光伏阵列；2、H桥电路；3、交流旁路开关电路；4、直流钳位开关电路；5、电网。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图所示的实施例对本发明作进一步描述。
实施例一：参见附图1所示，光伏并网系统包括光伏阵列1、连接于光伏阵列1两端的直流母线PN、与直流母线PN相连接的光伏并网逆变器、与光伏并网逆变器相连接的LC滤波器、与LC滤波器相连接的电网5或负载，从而光伏阵列1所发的电能经过光伏并网逆变器进行逆变后提供给电网5或负载使用。其中，光伏并网逆变器采用新型的五电平低共模漏电流单相光伏并网逆变器(以下简称五电平单相光伏并网逆变器)，它连接于光伏阵列1所连接的直流母线和电网5/负载之间，附图1中以接入电网5为例。
该五电平单相光伏并网逆变器包括H桥电路2、交流旁路开关电路3和直流钳位开关电路4。
H桥电路2用于进行电能转换而将直流电转化为交流电，它的输入端与直流母线的两端相连接，而输出端则与电网5/负载相连接。H桥电路2包括功率开关管S1、功率开关管S2、功率开关管S3和功率开关管S4。功率开关管S1和功率开关管S2连接构成一条连接于直流母线PN两端之间的桥臂，功率开关管S3和功率开关管S4连接构成另一条连接于直流母线PN两端之间的桥臂，两条桥臂的两端构成H桥电路2的输入端，两条桥臂的中点O构成H桥电路2的两个输出端(正输出端、负输出端)。H桥电路2的输出端经LC滤波器而连接至电网5/负载，LC滤波器包括滤波电容C和滤波电感L1、L2。
交流旁路开关电路3用于对交流电进行旁路控制，它连接于H桥的两个输出端之间。交流旁路开关电路3包括功率开关管S5、功率开关管S6，功率开关管S5和功率开关管S6串联后连接于H桥的两个输出端之间。
直流钳位开关电路4用于限制直流电的电压，它连接于直流母线的电容中点O与H桥电路2的负输出端之间。直流钳位开关电路4包括依次串联构成回路的二极管D1、二极管D2、功率开关管S8、功率开关管S7，二极管D1和二极管D2的中点与直流母线PN的电容中点O相连接，功率开关管S8和功率开关管S7的中点与H桥电路2的负输出端相连接。
根据附图1，该五电平单相光伏并网逆变器输出电压uout为：
其中R为五电平单相光伏并网逆变器输出与电网5之间总电阻。
五电平单相光伏并网逆变器的输出的共模电压ucm为：
为实现五电平单相光伏逆变器低共模电流，共模电压ucm需变化比较小或需维持恒定值。下表1为该五电平单相光伏并网逆变器的输出电压、共模电压与逆变器开关状态的关系：
表1五电平单相光伏逆变器输出电压、共模电压与开关状态的关系
eg S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 uout ucm
正半周 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 Vdc Vdc/2
正半周 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 Vdc/2 3Vdc/4
正半周 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Vdc/2
负半周 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 -Vdc Vdc/2
负半周 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 -Vdc/2 3Vdc/4
负半周 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Vdc/2
从表1的关系可以看出：(1)五电平单相光伏逆变器输出电压uout为Vdc、Vdc/2、0、-Vdc/2、-Vdc，为5个电平；(2)逆变器输出的共模电压ucm为Vdc/2和3Vdc/4，变化比较小(大部分状态维持在Vdc/2)。和三电平逆变器相比，提高逆变器性能并可以有效抑制光伏并网逆变器的共模电流。
在电网电压正半周期(eg>0)，低频功率开关管S6一直开通，而低频功率开关管S5一直关断；在电网电压负半周期(eg<0)，低频功率开关管S5一直开通，而低频功率开关管S6一直关断。下面具体分析在一个开关周期五电平光伏并网逆变器的电流流向：
(1)在电网电压正半周期(eg>0)，输出电压为Vdc时电流流向如图2所示。
(2)在电网电压正半周期(eg>0)，输出电压为Vdc/2时电流流向如图3所示。
(3)在电网电压正半周期(eg>0)，输出电压为0时的电流流向如图4所示。
(4)在电网电压负半周期(eg<0)，输出电压为-Vdc时电流流向如图5所示。
(5)在电网电压负半周期(eg<0)，输出电压为-Vdc/2时电流流向如图6所示。
(6)在电网电压负半周期(eg<0)，输出电压为0时电流流向如图7所示。
本发明的五电平单相光伏并网逆变器拓扑结构充分发挥五电平的优势(克服了单相三电平逆变器的不足)，又可以有效抑制单相光伏并网逆变器的共模漏电流。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种五电平低共模漏电流单相光伏并网逆变器，连接于光伏阵列所连接的直流母线和电网/负载之间，其特征在于：其包括用于进行电能转换而将直流电转化为交流电的H桥电路、用于对交流电进行旁路控制的交流旁路开关电路、用于限制直流电的电压的直流钳位开关电路；
所述H桥电路的输入端与所述直流母线的两端相连接，所述H桥电路的输出端与所述电网/负载相连接；所述交流旁路开关电路连接于所述H桥的两个输出端之间；所述直流钳位开关电路连接于所述直流母线的电容中点与所述H桥电路的一个输出端之间。
2.根据权利要求1所述的五电平低共模漏电流单相光伏并网逆变器，其特征在于：所述H桥电路包括功率开关管S1、功率开关管S2、功率开关管S3、功率开关管S4，所述功率开关管S1和所述功率开关管S2连接构成一条连接于所述直流母线两端之间的桥臂，所述功率开关管S3和所述功率开关管S4连接构成另一条连接于所述直流母线两端之间的桥臂，两条所述桥臂的两端构成所述H桥电路的输入端，两条所述桥臂的中点构成所述H桥电路的输出端。
3.根据权利要求1所述的五电平低共模漏电流单相光伏并网逆变器，其特征在于：所述交流旁路开关电路包括功率开关管S5、功率开关管S6，所述功率开关管S5和所述功率开关管S6串联后连接于所述H桥的两个输出端之间。
4.根据权利要求1或3所述的五电平低共模漏电流单相光伏并网逆变器，其特征在于：所述直流钳位开关电路包括依次串联构成回路的二极管D1、二极管D2、功率开关管S8、功率开关管S7，所述二极管D1和所述二极管D2的中点与所述直流母线的电容中点相连接，所述功率开关管S8和所述功率开关管S7的中点与所述H桥电路的一个输出端相连接。
5.根据权利要求1所述的五电平低共模漏电流单相光伏并网逆变器，其特征在于：所述H桥电路经LC滤波器而连接至所述电网/负载。
6.一种光伏并网系统，包括光伏阵列、与所述光伏阵列相连接的直流母线、与所述直流母线相连接的光伏并网逆变器、与所述光伏并网逆变器相连接的LC滤波器，电网与所述LC滤波器相连接，其特征在于：所述光伏并网逆变器采用如权力摇旗1至5中任一项所述的五电平低共模漏电流单相光伏并网逆变器。
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