CN107070171B - Electromagnetic coupling speed regulating device - Google Patents
Electromagnetic coupling speed regulating device Download PDFInfo
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- CN107070171B CN107070171B CN201610907934.2A CN201610907934A CN107070171B CN 107070171 B CN107070171 B CN 107070171B CN 201610907934 A CN201610907934 A CN 201610907934A CN 107070171 B CN107070171 B CN 107070171B
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- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 67
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 158
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 59
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
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- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
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- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 21
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
Abstract
The invention provides an electromagnetic coupling speed regulating device which comprises a first shaft and a second shaft which are coaxially arranged and mutually independent, wherein an excitation rotor is arranged on the first shaft, a winding rotor is arranged on the second shaft, and the excitation rotor and the winding rotor are oppositely arranged and provided with a first air gap; also included is an excitation unit for providing an excitation current to the excitation rotor, and a controller for regulating the current/voltage of the winding rotor. The excitation unit is used for providing excitation current for the excitation rotor, the excitation rotor generates a magnetic field through the excitation current, a winding rotor which is arranged opposite to the excitation rotor and provided with a first air gap cuts the magnetic field generated by the excitation rotor to generate an induction current, the induction current is further generated, the magnetic field interacts with the induction field to transfer torque, the controller controls the magnitude of the transfer torque to adapt to the rotating speed requirement through controlling the current of the winding rotor, 0-99% rated rotating speed regulation is realized, and slip power between a first shaft and a second shaft is fed back to a power grid through controlling the current of the winding rotor by the controller, so that energy conservation is realized; in addition, the speed regulating device provided by the invention does not need a special mechanical operating mechanism, and has a simple structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electromagnetic coupling transmission, in particular to an electromagnetic coupling speed regulating device.
Background
The permanent magnet coupling speed regulation is used as a new speed regulation technology without connection, and is a device for realizing torque transmission from a driving shaft to a load shaft through an air gap between a conductor and a permanent magnet. The permanent magnet magnetic coupler is widely applied to speed regulation of rotating loads such as fans and water pumps. In the current vortex type permanent magnet coupler on the market, the conductor is a copper disc or a copper ring, and in order to adjust torque, a set of executing structure is often needed to adjust the distance between the conductor and the permanent magnet. Such products suffer from the following drawbacks in nature:
1) Failure to provide high torque starting
The two rotors of the eddy-current permanent magnet coupler are respectively magnetic steel and a copper disc. When the motor is started, the two rotors turn far, if the magnetic steel and the copper disc are close, the current is very large, and the armature reaction demagnetizes the magnetic field, so that large torque cannot be obtained. If the distance is far, the magnetic field is greatly reduced, and large torque is not obtained. Therefore, the eddy-current permanent magnet coupler is only suitable for fan and pump loads.
2) Can not regulate speed in a large range
The slip power of the eddy-current permanent magnet coupler in the speed regulation process is completely converted into heat in the copper disc rotor. And in the large-range speed regulation, the slip is large, which means that the slip power is large and the copper plate heats seriously. Therefore, the eddy-current permanent magnet coupler is not suitable for large-range speed regulation operation, and is only suitable for occasions with small moment of inertia, small speed regulation range and short-time operation.
3) Mechanical operating mechanisms are required
In the starting process of the eddy-current permanent magnet coupler, a set of mechanical operating mechanism is needed to adjust the distance between the magnetic steel rotor and the copper disc rotor, so that the purpose of adjusting torque is achieved. The operating mechanism not only makes the system bulky, but also reduces the reliability and increases the maintenance workload.
In order to solve the drawbacks that the eddy-current permanent magnet coupler cannot provide large torque starting, cannot regulate speed in a large range and needs to be provided with a special mechanical operating mechanism, the prior art has provided a solution, and chinese patent document CN104767357a discloses a winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device, which comprises a body and a controller, as shown in fig. 1. The body is provided with two shafts which are respectively provided with a permanent magnet and a coil winding. The driving motor is connected with the winding permanent magnet speed regulating device to drive the permanent magnet rotor to rotate to generate a rotating magnetic field, the winding cuts magnetic lines of force of the rotating magnetic field to generate induced current, and then the induced magnetic field interacts with the rotating magnetic field to transfer torque, and the magnitude of the transferred torque is controlled by controlling the magnitude of the current of the winding rotor so as to adapt to the rotating speed requirement, so that the speed regulating function is realized. The controller has three functions, namely, the winding is switched on or off, so that the winding permanent magnet speed regulating device has a clutch function. And secondly, when the winding is connected, the magnitude of the transmitted torque is controlled by controlling the magnitude of the current of the winding rotor so as to adapt to the rotating speed requirement, and the speed regulation function is realized. Thirdly, the slip power is fed back to the power grid, so that energy conservation is realized.
However, the winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device has the defects in practical use: the slip power of the winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device is fed back to the power grid through the controller, so that energy conservation is realized. For fan and water pump loads, the maximum slip power of the winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device is 14.815% of the rated power of the winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device, namely, the capacity of the controller can meet the use requirement only by 14.815% of the rated power of the winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device, but the maximum slip power is not the rated power of the winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device. Voltage equation for winding permanent magnet coupling transmission:
E＝4.44kfNφ (7)
in the formula (7), phi is magnetic flux, and is a fixed value, and is determined by the permanent magnet material and the size of the permanent magnet; f is the slip frequency, f= (n 1 -n 2 ) p/60, p is the pole pair number.
It can be seen from equation (7) that the larger the slip of the winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission, the higher the winding voltage. For fan and water pump loads, the power is proportional to the third power of the rotating speed, and the torque is proportional to the square of the rotating speed. Output rotation speed n 2 The higher the slip, the smaller the transfer power, the larger the winding current; conversely, the output rotation speed n 2 The lower the slip, the greater the delivered power, the less the winding current, but the higher the winding voltage. Therefore, when the power device of the controller of the winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device is selected, high voltage and high current with small slip are considered, so that the power level of the power device is high, the size of the controller is large, and the cost is high.
The winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device comprises a permanent magnet rotor and a winding rotor, wherein the winding rotor comprises an iron core and a winding, a driving motor and a permanent magnet speed regulating device are connected together to drive the permanent magnet rotor to rotate to generate a rotating magnetic field, the winding cuts magnetic lines of force of the rotating magnetic field to generate induced current, and then an induced magnetic field is generated, the induced magnetic field interacts with the rotating magnetic field to transfer torque, when a main magnetic field changes in the iron core, basic iron loss is generated in the iron core, and the general expression of the basic iron loss of steel is as follows:
in the formula (8), K is an empirical coefficient, G Fe P is the weight of steel 10/50 The loss in the unit weight of the steel when b= T, f =50 Hz can be checked according to the model of the silicon steel sheet; f is the slip frequency, f= (n 1 -n 2 ) p/60, p is the pole pair number.
For a winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device, the magnetic density B is provided by a permanent magnet (2 c) and is a fixed value. As can be seen from the formula (8), when the winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device outputs the rotating speed n 2 The lower the slip, the greater the slip frequency f, and the greater the iron loss. Especially, when the pole pair number p of the permanent magnet (2 c) is larger, the slip frequency f is higher, and the iron loss and the heat generation are more serious; and because the armature is slotted, tooth harmonic magnetic field is generated, eddy current loss is caused on the surface of the permanent magnet (2 c), and the eddy current loss of the magnetic steel is in direct proportion to the 1.5 power of the slip frequency, so that the higher the frequency is, the larger the eddy current loss of the magnetic steel is, the more serious the magnetic steel generates heat, and the magnetic steel generates heat once the heat exceeds the heat-resistant highest temperature of the magnetic steel, the magnetic steel is demagnetized. Therefore, the winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device cannot have more poles, and the lower the output rotating speed is, the larger the iron loss and the magnetic steel eddy current loss are.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention aims to provide an electromagnetic coupling speed regulating device so as to solve the problems that an eddy current permanent magnet coupler in the prior art cannot provide large torque starting, cannot regulate speed in a large range and needs a special mechanical operating mechanism.
Further, the invention provides an electromagnetic coupling speed regulating device, which aims to solve the problems of high power level, large size, high cost of a controller, high iron loss, high heat and low efficiency of a controller power device of a winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device in the prior art when a low rotating speed is output.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an electromagnetic coupling speed regulating device comprises a shell, a first shaft and a second shaft, wherein the first shaft and the second shaft are coaxially arranged and mutually independent, an excitation rotor is arranged on the first shaft, a winding rotor is arranged on the second shaft, and a first air gap is formed between the excitation rotor and the winding rotor; the motor also comprises an excitation unit connected with the excitation coil of the excitation rotor to provide excitation current for the excitation coil, and a controller for adjusting the current/voltage of the winding rotor.
The winding rotor comprises a first iron core and a main winding connected with the controller, and the main winding is arranged on the first iron core.
The main winding is connected with the controller through a first collecting ring component.
The main winding is a single-phase, three-phase or multi-phase winding.
The electromotive force E of the main winding of the winding rotor is as follows:
E＝0.074kpN 1 (n 1 -n 2 )(φ 0 +N 2 Λ m I 2 )
in phi 0 Is the permanent magnetic flux, p is the pole pair number, N1 is the number of turns of each phase of the main winding 1b in series connection, N2 is the number of turns of the exciting coil, I2 is the exciting current, Λ m Is the flux guide and k is the winding coefficient.
The second iron core of the exciting rotor is of an integral structure or a split structure, the exciting coil is arranged on the second iron core, and the connection mode is inter-electrode series connection or inter-electrode parallel connection.
The exciting unit comprises a secondary rotor arranged on the first shaft and a secondary stator arranged on the shell, a second air gap is arranged between the secondary rotor and the secondary stator, and the secondary stator receives starting current provided by the controller or an external device; the exciting unit further comprises a rectifier connected between the secondary rotor and the exciting rotor; alternatively, the excitation unit includes a control circuit that is connected to the excitation rotor through a second slip ring assembly and provides the excitation current to the excitation rotor.
The secondary rotor comprises a third iron core and a secondary winding arranged on the third iron core, and the secondary winding is connected with the rectifier.
The secondary stator comprises a fourth iron core and a secondary coil arranged on the fourth iron core, and the secondary coil is connected with the controller.
The fourth iron core is of an integral structure or a split structure, the secondary coil is arranged on the fourth iron core, and the connection mode is inter-electrode series connection or inter-electrode parallel connection.
The exciting rotor is provided with a permanent magnet which is arranged opposite to the winding rotor and provided with the first air gap.
The permanent magnets N, S are alternately arranged circumferentially.
The exciting rotor is positioned on the radial outer side of the winding rotor; alternatively, the exciting rotor is located radially inward of the winding rotor; or the exciting rotor and the winding rotor are of disc type structure.
The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the electromagnetic coupling speed regulating device provided by the invention, exciting current is provided for the exciting rotor through the exciting unit, the exciting rotor generates a magnetic field through the exciting current, the winding rotor which is arranged opposite to the exciting rotor and provided with a first air gap cuts the magnetic field generated by the exciting rotor to generate an induction current, the induction current is further generated, the magnetic field interacts with the induction field to transfer torque, the controller controls the magnitude of the transfer torque to adapt to the rotating speed requirement through controlling the current of the winding rotor, 0-99% rated rotating speed regulation is realized, and the slip power between the input shaft and the output shaft is fed back to a power grid through controlling the current/voltage of the winding rotor by the controller, so that energy conservation is realized; in addition, the speed regulating device provided by the invention does not need a special mechanical operating mechanism, and has a simple structure.
2. The invention provides an electromagnetic coupling speed regulating device, a winding rotor of which comprises a first iron core and a main winding which is arranged on the first iron core and is connected with a controller, wherein the electromotive force E (no-load voltage) of the main winding is as follows:
E＝4.44kfN 1 φ
wherein N1 is the number of turns of each phase of the main winding (1 b) in series, k is the winding coefficient, f is the slip frequency,
p is the pole pair number, n1 is the input rotation speed, n2 is the output rotation speed, phi is the magnetic flux,
φ L ＝N 2 Λ m I 2
φ 0 is the permanent magnetic flux, is a fixed value, is determined by the permanent magnet material and the permanent magnet size, phi L For electrically exciting magnetic flux N 2 For exciting coil turns, I 2 Is exciting current, lambda m Is magnetic conductance.
The electromotive force E can be further expressed as:
E＝0.074kpN 1 (n 1 -n 2 )(φ 0 +N 2 Λ m I 2 )
as can be seen, the electromagnetic coupling speed regulator N 1 、N 2 、p、k、Λ m 、φ 0 For a constant value, the magnitude of the electromotive force E depends on the slip n s ＝n 1 -n 2 And exciting current I 2 When the output rotation speed n 2 When the slip ns is lower, the slip ns is larger, and the exciting current I is reduced 2 The electromotive force of the main winding can be reduced, and the power and the rotating speed n of the fan and the water pump are used for loading 2 Is proportional to the third power of (n), torque is proportional to the rotation speed n 2 Is proportional to the square of (n) at a rotational speed of (n) 2 At lower, the required output torque is smaller, and the exciting current I is reduced 2 The torque output requirement can be met; when the output rotation speed n 2 At higher levels, the transfer power is greater, requiring a greater excitation current I 2 However, the slip ns is small, and the electromotive force of the main winding is still small. The electromagnetic coupling speed regulating device provided by the invention well solves the problem of high voltage when the slip of the winding permanent magnet coupling speed regulator is large, effectively reduces the power level of a power device of the controller, reduces the volume of the controller and reduces the cost of the controller.
3. According to the electromagnetic coupling speed regulating device provided by the invention, an iron loss equation generated when a magnetic field formed between the exciting rotor and the winding rotor changes in the first iron core and the second iron core is as follows:
wherein K is an empirical coefficient, and the value of K refers to a method for calculating iron loss in motor design; g Fe P is the weight of steel 10/50 For losses per unit weight of steel when b= T, f =50 Hz, f is the slip frequency, f= (n 1-n 2) p/60, p is the pole pair number, B is the magnetic field strength formed between the exciting rotor and the winding rotor,
B＝φ/S
φ L ＝N 2 Λ m I 2
phi is magnetic flux; phi (phi) 0 The magnetic flux is permanent magnetic flux, provided by the permanent magnet and is a fixed value; phi (phi) L Is an electro-magnetic flux; n (N) 2 The number of turns of the exciting coil; i 2 Is excitation current; Λ type m Is magnetic conductance.
The magnetic field intensity B of the electromagnetic coupling speed regulator is determined by exciting current I2, when the output rotating speed n2 is lower, the slip frequency f is larger, at the moment, the exciting current I2 is reduced, the magnetic field intensity B can be reduced (when the output rotating speed n2 is lower for loads of a fan and a water pump, the required output torque is smaller, and the exciting current I2 can still meet the requirement of torque output).
4. The invention provides an electromagnetic coupling speed regulating device, wherein an excitation unit comprises a secondary rotor arranged on an input shaft and a secondary stator arranged on a shell, the secondary rotor and the secondary stator are oppositely arranged and provided with a second air gap, and the secondary stator receives direct current starting current provided by a controller or an external device; the exciting unit further comprises a rectifier connected between the secondary rotor and the exciting rotor; the controller supplies a DC starting current to the secondary coil in the secondary stator to generate a magnetic field, the secondary winding in the secondary rotor rotating along with the input shaft cuts the magnetic field to generate an induced current, and the current is integrated into a DC current through the rectifier 3c to be supplied to the exciting rotor. Compared with the control circuit directly providing exciting current through the second collecting ring assembly, the exciting current provided through the exciter has the following advantages:
(1) High reliability, no maintenance and long service life
The collecting ring assembly consists of a collecting ring and an electric brush, is conductive in a contact mode, and is worn in the use process, and periodic maintenance is needed. In the use process, the matching requirement on the collector ring and the electric brush is higher, if the combination is improper, the electric brush can often generate jump or spark, so that the temperature of the electric brush and the collector ring is overhigh or double image flaws appear, and the use is influenced. The exciting unit is provided with the air gap between the secondary stator and the secondary rotor, so that non-contact power generation is realized, maintenance is not needed, the service life is long, and the reliability is high.
(2) Reducing the power level and cost of the exciting part power device in the controller
The collector ring component is only a conductive element, taking a 630kW electric excitation coupling speed regulator as an example, the excitation power required for exciting the rotor is 3000W, and then the controller needs to provide 3000W of excitation power for exciting the rotor.
The exciting unit is a power generation device, and also takes a 630kW electric excitation coupling speed regulator as an example, the exciting power required for exciting the rotor is 3000W and is provided by the exciting unit, the exciting unit only needs a controller to provide 100W of power, and the rest 2900W is converted by mechanical energy provided by the prime mover. For the controller, the power level of the exciting part in the controller can be reduced by adopting the exciting unit in the invention, and the cost of the controller is reduced.
5. The electromagnetic coupling speed regulator has the clutch function, and the on-off function are realized by controlling the on-off and on-on of the current loop of the main winding through the controller, so that the electromagnetic coupling speed regulator is simple and reliable to operate. The "off" and "on" functions can also be achieved by controlling the presence or absence of current in the excitation coil.
6. The electromagnetic coupling speed regulator can realize long-time continuous operation under low-speed (including zero speed or negative rotating speed) high torque by controlling the current in the exciting coil and the current in the main winding, has a heavy-load soft start function, and has adjustable starting time and allows long-time starting.
7. The electromagnetic coupling speed regulator has an overload protection function and can be started frequently.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a winding type permanent magnet coupling transmission device provided in the prior art;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic coupling speed regulating device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an excitation rotor of the electromagnetic coupling governor of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of another exciting rotor in the electromagnetic coupling speed regulating device of FIG. 2;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic coupling speed regulating device according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a structural cross-sectional view of the exciting rotor of the electromagnetic coupling speed regulating device of fig. 5.
Reference numerals illustrate: 1-winding rotor; 1 a-a first core; 1 b-main winding; 2-exciting the rotor; 2 a-a second core; 2 b-exciting coil; 2 c-permanent magnets; 3-time rotor; 3 a-a third core; 3 b-secondary winding; 3 c-rectifier; 4-time stator; 4 a-fourth cores; 4 b-secondary coil; 5-a first slip ring assembly; 6-a controller; 7-a first shaft; 8-second axis.
Detailed Description
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be either fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected, for example; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
In addition, the technical features of the different embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
Example 1
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2, the present embodiment provides an electromagnetic coupling speed regulating device, which includes a casing 9, a first shaft 7 and a second shaft 8 that are coaxially disposed and independent of each other and are mounted on the casing 9, wherein in the present embodiment, the first shaft 7 is an input shaft, and the second shaft 8 is an output shaft. The exciting rotor 2 is arranged on the input shaft 7, the winding rotor 1 is fixedly arranged on the output shaft 8, and the exciting rotor 2 and the winding rotor 1 are arranged opposite and provided with a first air gap. The electromagnetic coupling speed regulating device of the present embodiment further includes an exciting unit for supplying exciting current to the exciting rotor and a controller 6 for regulating current/voltage of the winding rotor.
The excitation unit is used for providing excitation current for the excitation rotor, the excitation rotor generates a magnetic field through the excitation current, a winding rotor which is arranged opposite to the excitation rotor and provided with a first air gap cuts the magnetic field generated by the excitation rotor to generate an induction current, the induction current is further generated, the magnetic field interacts with the induction field to transmit torque, the controller controls the magnitude of the transmission torque of the input shaft and the output shaft through controlling the current of the winding rotor to adapt to the rotating speed requirement, 0-99% rated rotating speed regulation is realized, and slip power between the input shaft and the output shaft is fed back to a power grid through controlling the current of the winding rotor by the controller, so that energy conservation is realized; in addition, the speed regulating device provided by the invention does not need a special mechanical operating mechanism, and has a simple structure.
The specific structures of the winding rotor and the exciting rotor of the embodiment are as follows: as shown in fig. 3, the winding rotor 1 includes a first iron core 1a, a plurality of main winding installation slots are uniformly arranged on the inner wall of the iron core 1a, main windings 1b are arranged in each main winding installation slot, and the main windings 1b are connected with a controller 6 through a first collecting ring assembly 5; the main winding may be a single phase, three phase or multi phase winding.
The exciting rotor 2 includes a second core 2a and an exciting coil 2b, the exciting coil 2b being connected to a rectifier 3 c; as shown in fig. 3, the second core 2a may be made in a unitary structure, i.e., laminated from silicon steel sheets, and provided with an exciting coil mounting groove; the magnetic pole 21 is formed by laminating silicon steel sheets, the magnetic yoke 22 is formed by laminating magnetic yoke punching sheets, and the magnetic yoke punching sheets are generally punched by 3mm thick steel plates and are provided with T tail grooves or dove tail grooves; the exciting coil 2b is composed of electromagnetic wires, and the coil 2b is wound on the magnetic poles in a connection mode which can be inter-pole series connection or inter-pole parallel connection.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the exciting unit includes a sub-rotor 3, a sub-stator 4, and a rectifier 3c. The secondary rotor 3 is arranged on the input shaft 7, the secondary stator 4 is arranged on the housing 9, and the secondary stator 4 and the secondary rotor 3 are arranged opposite each other with a second air gap. The sub-rotor 3 includes a third core 3a and a sub-winding 3b, the third core 3a is laminated by silicon steel sheets and is provided with a sub-winding installation groove, the sub-winding 3b is embedded in the sub-winding installation groove of the core 3a, and the sub-winding 3b is connected with the finisher 3c. The secondary stator 4 comprises a fourth iron core 4a and a secondary coil 4b, the fourth iron core 4a can be made into an integral structure or a split structure, the structural form is similar to that of the second iron core 2a, the fourth iron core 4a is of an integral structure and is formed by laminating silicon steel sheets, a secondary coil 4b mounting groove is formed, and the secondary coil 4b is embedded in the secondary coil 4b mounting groove; the fourth iron core 4a may also be a split structure, and includes a magnetic pole and a magnetic yoke, where the magnetic pole is formed by stacking silicon steel sheets, the magnetic yoke is formed by stacking magnetic yoke punching sheets, and the secondary coil is wound on the magnetic pole, and the connection mode is inter-pole connection or inter-pole parallel connection. The secondary coil 4b is disposed in the slot of the fourth core 4a, and the secondary coil 4b is connected to the controller 6.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned exciting unit is not the only option of the present invention, and in other embodiments, the exciting unit includes a control circuit that is connected to the exciting rotor 2 through the second slip ring assembly and provides an exciting current to the exciting rotor 2.
The working principle of the excitation unit in this embodiment is as follows: the controller applies a direct current I to the secondary coil 4b in the secondary stator 0 Generating a magnetic field C 0 The secondary winding 3b in the secondary rotor 3 rotating with the input shaft 7 cuts the magnetic field C 0 Generating an induction current I 3 Current I 3 Through rectifier 3c to form DC current I 2 And supplying the exciting rotor.
Compared with direct supply of the direct current I2 through the collecting ring assembly, the advantages are as follows:
(1) High reliability, no maintenance and long service life
The second collecting ring assembly consists of a collecting ring and an electric brush, is conductive in a contact mode, and is worn in the using process and needs to be maintained regularly. In the use process, the matching requirement on the collector ring and the electric brush is higher, if the combination is improper, the electric brush can often generate jump or spark, so that the temperature of the electric brush and the collector ring is overhigh or double image flaws appear, and the use is influenced. The exciting unit in the embodiment is provided with an air gap between the secondary stator and the secondary rotor, so that non-contact power generation is realized, maintenance is not needed, the service life is long, and the reliability is high.
(2) Reducing the power level and cost of the exciting part power device in the controller
The second slip ring assembly is only a conductive element, taking a 630kW electric excitation coupling speed regulator as an example, the excitation power required for exciting the rotor is 3000W, and then the controller needs to provide 3000W of excitation power to excite the rotor.
The exciting unit is a power generation device, and also takes a 630kW electric excitation coupling speed regulator as an example, the exciting power required for exciting the rotor is 3000W and is provided by the exciting unit, the exciting unit only needs a controller to provide 100W of power, and the rest 2900W is converted by mechanical energy provided by the prime mover.
For the controller, the power level of the exciting part in the controller can be reduced by adopting the exciting unit in the invention, and the cost of the controller is reduced.
The working principle of the electromagnetic coupling speed regulating device provided by the embodiment is as follows:
according to the electromagnetic induction principle, the controller supplies direct current I to the secondary coil 4b 0 Generating a magnetic field C 0 The secondary winding 3b in the secondary rotor 3 rotating with the input shaft 7 cuts the magnetic field C 0 Generating an induction current I 3 Current I 3 Through rectifier 3c to form DC current I 2 Exciting coil 2b is energized with DC I 2 Generating a magnetic field C 1 The main winding 1b cuts the rotating magnetic field C 1 Generating an induced current I 1 Thereby generating an induced magnetic field C 2 Magnetic field C 1 And an induced magnetic field C 2 The interaction transmitting torque by controlling the main winding current I 1 And direct current I 0 The transmission torque is controlled by the magnitude of the torque to adapt to the rotating speed requirement, the speed regulating function is realized, the slip power can be fed back to the power grid, and the energy saving is realized.
The electromotive force E (no-load voltage) of the main winding 1b is:
E＝4.44kfN 1 φ
φ＝N 2 I 2 Λ m
f＝(n 1 -n 2 )p/60
wherein phi is magnetic flux, f is slip frequency, p is pole pair number, N 1 For each phase of the main winding 1b, N 2 For exciting coil 2b turns, I 2 Is exciting current, lambda m Is magnetic conductance. (phi in this embodiment) 0 ＝0)
The electromotive force E is further expressed as:
E＝4.44kfN 1 φ
＝0.074kN 1 N 2 pΛ m (n 1 -n 2 )I 2 (9)
as can be seen from (9), the electromagnetic coupling speed regulator N 1 、N 2 The values of p and k are fixed values, and the magnitude of the electromotive force E depends on the slip n s ＝n 1 -n 2 And exciting current I 2 When the output rotation speed n 2 When the slip ns is lower, the slip ns is larger, and the exciting current I is reduced 2 The output voltage of the main winding 1b can be reduced, and the power and the rotating speed n of the fan and the water pump load are reduced 2 Is proportional to the third power of (n), torque is proportional to the rotation speed n 2 Is proportional to the square of (n) at a rotational speed of (n) 2 At lower, the required output torque is smaller, and the exciting current I is reduced 2 The torque output requirement can be met; when the output rotation speed n 2 At higher levels, the transfer power is greater, requiring a greater excitation current I 2 However, the slip ns is small and the main winding 1b voltage is still small.
The iron loss equation generated when the magnetic field formed between the exciting rotor and the winding rotor changes in the first iron core and the second iron core is as follows:
wherein k is an empirical coefficient, and the value of k refers to a method for calculating iron loss in motor design; g Fe P is the weight of steel 10/50 For losses per unit weight of steel when b= T, f =50 Hz, f is the slip frequency, f= (n 1-n 2) p/60, p is the pole pair number, B is the formation between the exciting rotor and the winding rotorThe strength of the magnetic field is such that,
B＝φ/S
φ＝N 2 Λ m I 2
phi is magnetic flux; n (N) 2 The number of turns of the exciting coil; i 2 Is excitation current; Λ type m Is magnetic conductance.
The magnetic field intensity B of the electromagnetic coupling speed regulator is determined by exciting current I2, when the output rotating speed n2 is lower, the slip frequency f is larger, at the moment, the exciting current I2 is reduced, the magnetic field intensity B can be reduced (when the output rotating speed n2 is lower for loads of a fan and a water pump, the required output torque is smaller, and the exciting current I2 can still meet the requirement of torque output).
In the present embodiment, the exciting current I 2 Is provided by an exciter comprising a secondary rotor 3 and a secondary stator 4, the secondary coil 4b being energized by a controller with a direct current I 0 Generating a magnetic field C 0 The secondary winding 3b in the secondary rotor 3 rotating with the input shaft 7 cuts the magnetic field C 0 Generating an induction current I 3 Current I 3 Through rectifier 3c to form DC current I 2 Current I 2 The magnitude of (2) depends on the rotational speed n 1 And current I 0 Input rotational speed n 1 By controlling the current I, without change 0 I.e. the current I can be controlled 2 Is of a size of (a) and (b).
Thus, by controlling I of the DC current 0 The problem of high voltage when the permanent magnet coupling speed regulator is large in slip can be well solved, the power grade of a controller power device is effectively reduced, the size of the controller is reduced, and the cost of the controller is reduced.
The electromagnetic coupling speed regulator provided in this embodiment further has: 1) The clutch function realizes the 'off' and 'on' functions by controlling the switching-on and switching-off of the main winding current loop through the controller, so that the control is simple and reliable; the "off" and "on" functions can also be achieved by controlling the presence or absence of current in the excitation coil. 2) The heavy-load soft start function can realize long-time continuous operation of the electromagnetic coupling speed regulator under low-speed (zero speed or negative rotating speed) high torque by controlling the current in the exciting coil and the current in the main winding, has the heavy-load soft start function, and has adjustable starting time and allows long-time starting. 3) Overload protection function, and may be frequently started.
Example two
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, the present embodiment provides an electromagnetic coupling speed regulating device, which includes a casing 9, a first shaft 7 and a second shaft 8 that are coaxially installed on the casing 9 and are mutually independent, wherein in the present embodiment, the first shaft 7 is an input shaft, and the second shaft 8 is an output shaft. The exciting rotor 2 is arranged on the input shaft 7, the winding rotor 1 is fixedly arranged on the output shaft 8, and a first air gap is arranged between the exciting rotor 2 and the winding rotor 1. The electromagnetic coupling speed regulating device of the present embodiment further includes an exciting unit for supplying exciting current to the exciting rotor and a controller 6 for regulating current/voltage of the winding rotor.
The specific structures of the winding rotor and the exciting rotor of the embodiment are as follows: as shown in fig. 5, the winding rotor 1 includes a first iron core 1a, a plurality of main winding installation slots are uniformly formed in the inner wall of the iron core 1a, main windings 1b are arranged in the main winding installation slots, and the main windings 1b are connected with a controller 6 through a first collecting ring assembly 5; the main winding may be a single phase, three phase or multi phase winding.
As shown in fig. 6, the field rotor 2 includes a second core 2a, a field coil 2b, and a permanent magnet 2c, the field coil 2b being connected to a rectifier 3 c; the second core 2a may be made of an integral structure or a split structure, and is provided with an exciting coil mounting groove; the exciting coil 2b is composed of electromagnetic wires, and the coil 2b is arranged on the second iron core 2a in a connecting mode of interelectrode series connection or interelectrode parallel connection; permanent magnets 2c are provided on the second core 2a, the permanent magnets 2c are provided with the first air gap opposite to the winding rotor 1, and the permanent magnets N, S are alternately arranged on the circumference.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 5, the exciting unit includes a sub-rotor 3, a sub-stator 4, and a rectifier 3c. The secondary rotor 3 is arranged on the input shaft 7, the secondary stator 4 is arranged on the housing 9, and the secondary stator 4 and the secondary rotor 3 are oppositely provided with a second air gap. The sub-rotor 3 includes a third core 3a and a sub-winding 3b, the third core 3a is laminated by silicon steel sheets and is provided with a sub-winding installation groove, the sub-winding 3b is embedded in the sub-winding installation groove of the core 3a, and the sub-winding 3b is connected with the finisher 3c. The secondary stator 4 comprises a fourth iron core 4a and a secondary coil 4b, the fourth iron core 4a can be made into an integral structure or a split structure, and is provided with a secondary coil 4b mounting groove, the secondary coil 4b is embedded in the secondary coil 4b mounting groove, and the connection mode is inter-pole connection or inter-pole parallel connection. The secondary coil 4b is connected to the controller 6.
The working principle of the electromagnetic coupling speed regulating device provided by the embodiment is as follows:
according to the electromagnetic induction principle, the controller supplies direct current I to the secondary coil 4b 0 Generating a magnetic field C 0 The secondary winding 3b in the secondary rotor 3 rotating with the input shaft 7 cuts the magnetic field C 0 Generating an induction current I 3 Current I 3 Through rectifier 3c to form DC current I 2 The main coil 2b is electrified with direct current I 2 Generating a magnetic field C 12 The permanent magnet 2C generates a magnetic field C 11 Magnetic field C 11 With magnetic field C 12 Superimposed to form a resultant magnetic field C 1 The main winding 1b cuts the rotating magnetic field C 1 Generating an induced current I 1 Thereby generating an induced magnetic field C 2 Magnetic field C 1 And an induced magnetic field C 2 The interaction transmitting torque by controlling the main winding current I 1 And direct current I 0 The transmission torque is controlled by the speed regulating device to adapt to the rotating speed requirement, the speed regulating function is realized, the speed regulating range can reach 0-99%, the slip power can be fed back to the power grid, and the energy saving is realized.
The electromotive force E (no-load voltage) of the main winding is:
E＝4.44kfN 1 φ
wherein N1 is the number of turns of each phase of the main winding (1 b) in series, k is the winding coefficient, f is the slip frequency,
p is the pole pair number, n1 is the input rotation speed, n2 is the output rotation speed, phi is the magnetic flux,
φ L ＝N 2 Λ m I 2
φ 0 is the permanent magnetic flux, is a fixed value, is determined by the permanent magnet material and the permanent magnet size, phi L For electrically exciting magnetic flux N 2 For exciting coil turns, I 2 Is exciting current, lambda m Is magnetic conductance.
The main winding electromotive force E can be further expressed as:
E＝0.074kpN 1 (n 1 -n 2 )(φ 0 +N 2 Λ m I 2 )
as can be seen, the electromagnetic coupling speed regulator N 1 、N 2 、p、k、Λ m 、φ 0 For a constant value, the magnitude of the electromotive force E depends on the slip n s ＝n 1 -n 2 And exciting current I 2 When the output rotation speed n 2 When the slip ns is lower, the slip ns is larger, and the exciting current I is reduced 2 The electromotive force of the main winding can be reduced, and the power and the rotating speed n of the fan and the water pump are used for loading 2 Is proportional to the third power of (n), torque is proportional to the rotation speed n 2 Is proportional to the square of (n) at a rotational speed of (n) 2 At lower, the required output torque is smaller, and the exciting current I is reduced 2 The torque output requirement can be met; when the output rotation speed n 2 At higher levels, the transfer power is greater, requiring a greater excitation current I 2 However, the slip ns is small, and the electromotive force of the main winding is still small. The electromagnetic coupling speed regulating device provided by the invention well solves the problem of high voltage when the slip of the winding permanent magnet coupling speed regulator is large, effectively reduces the power level of a power device of the controller, reduces the volume of the controller and reduces the cost of the controller.
The iron loss equation generated when the magnetic field formed between the exciting rotor and the winding rotor changes in the first iron core and the second iron core is as follows:
wherein K is an empirical coefficient, and the value of K refers to a method for calculating iron loss in motor design; g Fe P is the weight of steel 10/50 For losses per unit weight of steel when b= T, f =50 Hz, f is the slip frequency, f= (n 1-n 2) p/60, p is the pole pair number, B is the magnetic field strength formed between the exciting rotor and the winding rotor,
B＝φ/S
φ L ＝N 2 Λ m I 2
phi is magnetic flux; phi (phi) 0 The magnetic flux is permanent magnetic flux, provided by the permanent magnet and is a fixed value; phi (phi) L Is an electro-magnetic flux; n (N) 2 The number of turns of the exciting coil; i 2 Is excitation current; Λ type m Is magnetic conductance.
The magnetic field intensity B of the electromagnetic coupling speed regulator is determined by exciting current I2, when the output rotating speed n2 is lower, the slip frequency f is larger, at the moment, the exciting current I2 is reduced, the magnetic field intensity B can be reduced (when the output rotating speed n2 is lower for loads of a fan and a water pump, the required output torque is smaller, and the exciting current I2 can still meet the requirement of torque output).
In the present embodiment, the exciting current I 2 Is provided by an excitation unit comprising a secondary rotor 3 and a secondary stator 4, the secondary coil 4b being energized by a controller with a direct current I 0 Generating a magnetic field C 0 The secondary winding 3b in the secondary rotor 3 rotating with the input shaft 7 cuts the magnetic field C 0 Generating an induction current I 3 Current I 3 Through rectifier 3c to form DC current I 2 Current I 2 The magnitude of (2) depends on the rotational speed n 1 And current I 0 Input rotational speed n 1 By controlling the current I, without change 0 I.e. the current I can be controlled 2 Is of a size of (a) and (b).
Thus, by controlling I of the DC current 0 The problem of high voltage when the permanent magnet coupling speed regulator is large in slip can be well solved, the power grade of a controller power device is effectively reduced, the size of the controller is reduced, and the cost of the controller is reduced.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned exciting unit is not the only option of the present invention, and in other embodiments, the exciting unit includes a control circuit that is connected to the exciting rotor 2 through the second slip ring assembly and provides an exciting current to the exciting rotor 2.
Compared with the direct supply of the direct current I2 through the collecting ring assembly, the exciting unit in the embodiment has the following advantages:
(1) High reliability, no maintenance and long service life
The second collecting ring assembly consists of a collecting ring and an electric brush, is conductive in a contact mode, and is worn in the using process and needs to be maintained regularly. In the use process, the matching requirement on the collector ring and the electric brush is higher, if the combination is improper, the electric brush can often generate jump or spark, so that the temperature of the electric brush and the collector ring is overhigh or double image flaws appear, and the use is influenced. The exciting unit in the embodiment is provided with an air gap between the secondary stator and the secondary rotor, so that non-contact power generation is realized, maintenance is not needed, the service life is long, and the reliability is high.
(2) Reducing the power level and cost of the exciting part power device in the controller
The second slip ring assembly is only a conductive element, taking a 630kW electric excitation coupling speed regulator as an example, the excitation power required for exciting the rotor is 2250W, and then the controller needs to provide 2250W of excitation power to excite the rotor.
The exciting unit is a power generation device, and also takes a 630kW electric excitation coupling speed regulator as an example, the exciting power required for exciting the rotor is 2250W and is provided by the exciting unit, the exciting unit only needs to provide 75W of power by the controller, and the rest 2175W is converted by mechanical energy provided by the prime motor.
For the controller, the power level of the exciting part in the controller can be reduced by adopting the exciting unit in the invention, and the cost of the controller is reduced.
In the second embodiment, the permanent magnet 2c is disposed on the exciting rotor 2, so that under the same condition, the exciting power required by the exciting unit of the second embodiment is smaller than that required by the exciting unit of the first embodiment, but the production process of the second embodiment is more complex than that of the first embodiment due to the permanent magnet, and the cost is higher than that of the first embodiment.
The electromagnetic coupling speed regulator provided in this embodiment further has: 1) The clutch function realizes the 'off' and 'on' functions by controlling the switching-on and switching-off of the main winding current loop through the controller, so that the control is simple and reliable; the "off" and "on" functions can also be achieved by controlling the presence or absence of current in the excitation coil. 2) The heavy-load soft start function can realize long-time continuous operation of the electromagnetic coupling speed regulator under low-speed (zero speed or negative rotating speed) high torque by controlling the current in the exciting coil and the current in the main winding, has the heavy-load soft start function, and has adjustable starting time and allows long-time starting. 3) Overload protection function, and may be frequently started.
It is apparent that the above examples are given by way of illustration only and are not limiting of the embodiments. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. While still being apparent from variations or modifications that may be made by those skilled in the art are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (11)
1. The electromagnetic coupling speed regulating device is characterized by comprising a shell (9), a first shaft (7) and a second shaft (8) which are arranged on the shell (9) coaxially and mutually independent, wherein an excitation rotor (2) is arranged on the first shaft (7), a winding rotor (1) is arranged on the second shaft (8), and a first air gap is arranged between the excitation rotor (2) and the winding rotor (1) in a relative manner; also comprises an excitation unit connected with an excitation coil (2 b) of the excitation rotor (2) to provide excitation current to the excitation coil, and a controller (6) for adjusting the current/voltage of the winding rotor (1);
the exciting unit comprises a secondary rotor (3) arranged on a first shaft and a secondary stator (4) arranged on a machine shell (9), wherein the secondary rotor (3) and the secondary stator (4) are provided with a second air gap, and the secondary stator (4) receives starting current provided by the controller (6) or an external device; the excitation unit further comprises a rectifier (3 c) connected between the secondary rotor (3) and the excitation rotor (2); the secondary stator (4) comprises a fourth iron core (4 a) and a secondary coil (4 b) arranged on the fourth iron core (4 a), and the secondary coil (4 b) is connected with the controller (6).
2. The speed regulating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the winding rotor (1) comprises a first core (1 a) and a main winding (1 b) connected to the controller (6).
3. The speed regulating device according to claim 2, characterized in that the main winding (1 b) is connected to the controller (6) by means of a first slip ring assembly (5).
4. The speed regulating device according to claim 2, characterized in that the main winding (1 b) is a single-phase, three-phase or multi-phase winding.
5. The speed regulating device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the electromotive force E of the main winding (1 b) of the winding rotor (1) is:
in the method, in the process of the invention,is permanent magnetic flux, p is pole pair number, N1 is number of turns of each phase of main winding (1 b) in series connection, N2 is number of turns of exciting coil, I2 is exciting current, < >>Is magnetic conductance, k is winding coefficient, n 1 To input rotation speed n 2 Is the output rotation speed;
by controlling I 2 The magnitude of the electromotive force E is adjusted.
6. The speed regulating device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the second core (2 a) of the exciting rotor (2) is of a unitary or split structure, and the exciting coil (2 b) is mounted on the core (2 a) in such a manner as to be connected in series or in parallel between the poles.
7. The speed regulating device according to claim 1, characterized in that the secondary rotor (3) comprises a third core (3 a) and a secondary winding (3 b), the secondary winding (3 b) being connected to the rectifier (3 c).
8. The speed regulating device according to claim 1, wherein the fourth core (4 a) is of a monolithic or split type structure, and the secondary coil (4 b) is mounted on the fourth core (4 a) in such a manner as to be connected in series or in parallel between poles.
9. The speed regulating device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that a permanent magnet (2 c) is arranged on the exciting rotor (2), the permanent magnet (2 c) being arranged opposite the winding rotor (1) with the first air gap.
10. The speed regulating device according to claim 9, characterized in that the poles of the permanent magnets (2 c) N, S are alternately arranged circumferentially.
11. The speed regulating device according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the excitation rotor (2) is located radially outside the winding rotor (1); alternatively, the exciting rotor (2) is located radially inside the winding rotor (1); or the exciting rotor (2) and the winding rotor (1) are of disc type structure.
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| CN107979261A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-05-01 | 山东洁盟节能环保技术有限公司 | A kind of permanent-magnet speed governor of fixed magnetic gap |
| CN109270966B (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2021-12-10 | 沈阳一丁通用科技研究院 | Energy-saving permanent magnet speed regulation system and method |
| CN112968638B (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2023-05-09 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司国华电力分公司 | Water supply pump steam turbine system |
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