CN107070171A - A kind of electromagnetic coupled arrangements for speed regulation - Google Patents
A kind of electromagnetic coupled arrangements for speed regulation Download PDFInfo
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- CN107070171A CN107070171A CN201610907934.2A CN201610907934A CN107070171A CN 107070171 A CN107070171 A CN 107070171A CN 201610907934 A CN201610907934 A CN 201610907934A CN 107070171 A CN107070171 A CN 107070171A
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- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 29
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 29
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 29
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical group [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910000976 Electrical steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 231100000241 scar Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005674 electromagnetic induction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dynamo-Electric Clutches, Dynamo-Electric Brakes (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of electromagnetic coupled arrangements for speed regulation, including is coaxially disposed and separate first axle and the second axle, is set in first axle and wound rotor is set on excitation rotor, the second axle, and excitation rotor is oppositely arranged with wound rotor and has the first air gap；Also include the Energizing unit for being used to provide exciting current to excitation rotor, and the controller being adjusted for the current/voltage to wound rotor.By Energizing unit exciting current is provided to excitation rotor, excitation rotor produces magnetic field by exciting current, the magnetic field that the wound rotor cutting excitation rotor for being oppositely arranged with excitation rotor and having the first air gap is produced produces induced-current, and then produce induced field, magnetic field and induced field interaction transmission torque, controller controls to transmit the size of torque to adapt to rotation speed requirements by the electric current of controling winding rotor, realize 0 99% rated speed speed governing, and the slip power between first axle and the second axle is fed back to by power network to the control of wound rotor electric current by controller, realize energy-conservation；In addition, the arrangements for speed regulation that the present invention is provided, simple in construction without special mechanical actuator.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electromagnetic coupled drive technology field, and in particular to a kind of electromagnetic coupled arrangements for speed regulation.
Background technology
Permanent magnet coupling speed governing, as an emerging speed adjusting technique without connection, is by the air gap between conductor and permanent magnet
Realize that its operation principle is by the device of the torque transmission of drive shaft to bearing axle, when drive shaft and bearing axle have speed difference
When, conductor is influenceed to produce induced-current and then produces magnetic field by permanent magnet, and the magnetic field of the two intercouples, and delivers and turns
Square.Permanent-magnet coupler is widely used in carrying out speed governing to blower fan, water pump class rotary load.Eddy current type in the market is forever
Magnetic coupler its conductor is copper dish or copper ring, in order to adjust moment of torsion, often also need to a set of execution structure adjust conductor with forever
The distance of magnet.This product inherently has the following disadvantages：
1) big torque starting can not be provided
Two rotors of eddy-current permanent magnetic coupling are magnet steel and copper dish respectively.Two rotor slips are very big during starting, such as
Fruit magnet steel and copper dish are close to electric current is very big, and armature-reaction will be to magnetic field degaussing, so as to cannot get big torque.If from
Open farther out, then magnetic field is weakened significantly, also cannot get big torque.So, eddy-current permanent magnetic coupling can only be suitable for blower fan, pump
Class is loaded.
2) can not speed governing on a large scale
Slip power of the eddy-current permanent magnetic coupling in speed regulation process is all converted to the heating in copper dish rotor.And
During a wide range of speed governing, slip is very big, it means that slip power is very big, and copper dish heating is very serious.Therefore, eddy-current permanent magnetic is coupled
Device is not suitable for large-scale speed governing operation, is suitable only for the occasion that rotary inertia is little, speed adjustable range is little, run in short-term.
3) mechanical operating mechanism is needed
Eddy-current permanent magnetic coupling in starting process, need a set of mechanical operating mechanism adjust magnetic steel rotor with
The spacing of copper dish rotor, reaches the purpose of regulation torque.This operating mechanism not only causes system too fat to move, also reduces reliable
Property, add maintenance workload.
Big torque can not be provided in order to solve eddy-current permanent magnetic coupling to start, speed governing on a large scale and setting can not be needed
The defect of special mechanical actuator, prior art has been provided for a kind of settling mode, Chinese patent literature
CN104767357A discloses a kind of winding type permanent magnet coupling drive device, as shown in figure 1, the winding type permanent magnet coupling drive
Device includes body and controller.There are two axles on body, be respectively provided with permanent magnetic iron and coil windings.Motor and winding
Permanent magnet speed regulation device, which connects together, drives the rotation of its p-m rotor to produce rotating excitation field, and the winding cutting rotating excitation field magnetic line of force is produced
Induced-current, and then induced field, the induced field and rotating excitation field interaction transmission torque are produced, turned by controling winding
Size of the size of current of son to control its transmission torque realizes speed-regulating function to adapt to rotation speed requirements.Controller has three works
With one is to turn on or turns off winding, winding permanent magnet arrangements for speed regulation is had clutch function.Two be logical when winding is connected
Cross the size of current of controling winding rotor to control it to transmit the size of torque to adapt to rotation speed requirements, realize speed-regulating function.Three
It is that slip power is fed back into power network, realizes energy-conservation.
However, above-mentioned winding type permanent magnet coupling drive device existing defects in actual use：Winding type permanent magnet coupling is passed
The slip power of dynamic device will feed back to power network by controller, realize energy-conservation.For blower fan, water pump load, winding type permanent magnetism
The maximum slip power of coupling transmission device is the 14.815% of its rated power, then that is, the capacity of controller is only
Use requirement can just be met by needing the 14.815% of winding type permanent magnet coupling drive device rated power, but it is actual not such as
This.The voltage equation of winding type permanent magnet coupling drive device：
E=4.44kfN φ (7)
In formula (7), φ is magnetic flux, is definite value, is determined by permanent magnet material and permanent magnet size；F is slip frequency, f=
(n1-n2) p/60, p is number of pole-pairs.
The bigger winding voltage of slip of winding type permanent magnet coupling drive device is higher it can be seen from formula (7).For wind
Machine, water pump load, power is directly proportional to the cube of rotating speed, and torque and rotating speed square are directly proportional.Output speed n2It is higher, turn
Difference is smaller, and transmission power is big, and winding current is bigger；Conversely, output speed n2Lower, slip is bigger, and transmission power is small, winding electricity
Stream is smaller, but winding voltage is higher.So, the power device of the controller of winding type permanent magnet coupling drive device when selecting both
Consider high voltage when slip is big, the small high current of slip is considered again, the power grade of power device is high so that controller
Volume it is big, cost is high.
Winding type permanent magnet coupling drive device, including p-m rotor and wound rotor, wound rotor include unshakable in one's determination and winding,
Motor connects together with permanent magnet speed regulation device drives the rotation of its p-m rotor to produce rotating excitation field, winding cutting rotating excitation field
The magnetic line of force produces induced-current, and then produces induced field, the induced field and rotating excitation field interaction transmission torque, main magnetic
When field changes in iron core, basic iron loss can be produced in iron core, the basic iron loss general expression of steel is：
In formula (8), K is empirical coefficient, GFeFor the weight of steel, p10/50For as B=1T, f=50Hz, steel Unit Weight
Interior loss, its value can be looked into by silicon steel sheet model and taken；F is slip frequency, f=(n1-n2) p/60, p is number of pole-pairs.
For winding type permanent magnet coupling drive device, the close B of magnetic is provided by permanent magnet (2c), is definite value.It can be seen by formula (8)
Go out, as winding type permanent magnet coupling drive device output speed n2Lower, slip is bigger, and slip frequency f is higher, and iron loss is bigger.Especially
It is in the case where permanent magnet (2c) number of pole-pairs p is more, and slip frequency f is higher, and iron loss heating is more serious；And because armature is opened
Groove, produces harmony wave, causes eddy-current loss on permanent magnet (2c) surface, 1.5 times of magnet steel eddy-current loss and slip frequency
Side is directly proportional, so, frequency is higher, and magnet steel eddy-current loss is bigger, and magnet steel heating is more serious, and magnet steel heating is once more than magnet steel
Heat-resisting maximum temperature, will cause magnet steel to demagnetize.Therefore, winding type permanent magnet coupling drive device can not have more number of poles, and
Output speed is lower, and iron loss and magnet steel eddy-current loss are bigger.
The content of the invention
Therefore, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of electromagnetic coupled arrangements for speed regulation, to solve the eddy-current permanent magnetic coupling of prior art
Clutch can not provide big torque start, can not speed governing on a large scale and the problem of needs special mechanical actuator.
Further, the present invention provides a kind of electromagnetic coupled arrangements for speed regulation, to solve the winding type permanent magnetism coupling of prior art
The controller power device power grade that closes transmission device is high, controller volume is big, cost is high and when exporting the slow-speed of revolution, iron
The problem of consumption is big, heating is big, efficiency is low.
The present invention is as follows using technical scheme：
A kind of electromagnetic coupled arrangements for speed regulation, including casing, are installed on the casing, are coaxially disposed and separate first
Set in axle and the second axle, the first axle and wound rotor, the excitation rotor and institute are set on excitation rotor, second axle
State wound rotor and be provided with the first air gap；Also include being connected to carry to the magnet exciting coil with the magnet exciting coil of the excitation rotor
For the Energizing unit of exciting current, and the controller being adjusted for the current/voltage to the wound rotor.
The wound rotor includes the first iron core and the main winding being connected with the controller, and the main winding is arranged on institute
State on the first iron core.
The main winding is connected with the controller by the first collector ring component.
The main winding is single-phase, three-phase or polyphase windings.
The electromotive force E of the main winding of the wound rotor is：
E=0.074kpN1(n1-n2)(φ0+N2ΛmI2)
In formula, φ0For permanent magnet flux, p is number of pole-pairs, and N1 is that main winding 1b is often in series the number of turn, and N2 is magnet exciting coil circle
Number, I2 is exciting current, ΛmFor magnetic conductance, k is winding coefficient.
The second of the excitation rotor unshakable in one's determination is monolithic construction or split-type structural, and the magnet exciting coil is arranged on described
On second iron core, connected mode is that interpolar is connected or interpolar is in parallel.
The Energizing unit includes the secondary rotor being arranged in first axle and the secondary stator being arranged on casing, described time turn
Sub to be relatively set with interstice with described stator, described stator receives the startup that the controller or external device (ED) are provided
Electric current；The Energizing unit also includes the rectifier being connected between described rotor and the excitation rotor；Or, it is described to encourage
Magnetic cell includes connecting the excitation rotor by the second collector ring component and provides the exciting current for the excitation rotor
Control circuit.
Described rotor includes third core and the secondary winding being arranged in third core, described winding and the rectification
Device is connected.
Described stator includes four-limbed and the secondary coil being arranged in the four-limbed, the secondary coil with it is described
Controller is connected.
The four-limbed is monolithic construction or split-type structural, and the secondary coil is arranged in the four-limbed,
Connected mode is that interpolar is connected or interpolar is in parallel.
Permanent magnet is set on the excitation rotor, and the permanent magnet is oppositely arranged with the wound rotor and has described first
Air gap.
Permanent magnet N, S pole is circumferentially alternately arranged.
The excitation rotor is located at the radial outside of the wound rotor；Or, the excitation rotor is located at the winding
The radially inner side of rotor；Or the excitation rotor and the wound rotor are tray type structure.
Technical solution of the present invention, has the following advantages that：
1. the electromagnetic coupled arrangements for speed regulation that the present invention is provided, provide exciting current to excitation rotor by Energizing unit, encourage
Magnet rotor produces magnetic field by exciting current, and the wound rotor cutting excitation for being oppositely arranged with excitation rotor and having the first air gap turns
The magnetic field that son is produced produces induced-current, and then produces induced field, magnetic field and induced field interaction transmission torque, control
Device controls the size for transmitting torque to adapt to rotation speed requirements by the electric current of controling winding rotor, realizes 0-99% rated speeds
Speed governing, and by controller to the control of wound rotor current/voltage by the slip power feedback between input shaft and output shaft
To power network, energy-conservation is realized；In addition, the arrangements for speed regulation that the present invention is provided, simple in construction without special mechanical actuator.
2. the electromagnetic coupled arrangements for speed regulation that the present invention is provided, its wound rotor includes the first iron core and is arranged on the first iron core
Main winding that is upper and being connected with controller, the electromotive force E (floating voltage) of main winding is：
E=4.44kfN1φ
In formula, N1 is that main winding (1b) is often in series the number of turn, and k is winding coefficient, and f is slip frequency,
P is number of pole-pairs, and n1 is input speed, and n2 is output speed, and φ is magnetic flux,
φL=N2ΛmI2
φ 0 is permanent magnet flux, is definite value, is determined by permanent magnet material and permanent magnet size, φLFor electro-magnetic flux, N2For
The magnet exciting coil number of turn, I2For exciting current, ΛmFor magnetic conductance.
Electromotive force E can be further represented as：
E=0.074kpN1(n1-n2)(φ0+N2ΛmI2)
The electromagnetic coupled speed regulator N it can be seen from formula1、N2、p、k、Λm、φ0For definite value, electromotive force E size is depended on
Slip ns=n1-n2With exciting current I2, as output speed n2When relatively low, slip nsIt is larger, now reduce exciting current I2It can drop
Low main winding electromotive force, and loaded for blower fan, water pump, power and rotating speed n2Cube be directly proportional, torque and rotating speed n2It is flat
Side is directly proportional, in rotating speed n2When relatively low, required output torque is smaller, reduces exciting current I2Remain to meet the requirement of torque output；
As output speed n2When higher, transmission power is larger, now needs larger exciting current I2, but slip ns is smaller, main winding electricity
Kinetic potential still very little.The electromagnetic coupled arrangements for speed regulation that the present invention is provided solve well winding type permanent magnet coupling speed regulator slip it is big when
The problem of voltage is high, effectively reduces the power grade of controller power device, reduces the volume of controller, reduces control
The cost of device.
3. the electromagnetic coupled arrangements for speed regulation that the present invention is provided, the magnetic formed between the excitation rotor and the wound rotor
The iron loss equation produced when changing in first is unshakable in one's determination and second is unshakable in one's determination is：
In formula, K is empirical coefficient, and its value is with reference to iron losses computation method in design of electrical motor；GFeFor the weight of steel, p10/50
For as B=1T, f=50Hz, the loss in steel Unit Weight, f is slip frequency, and f=(n1-n2) p/60, p is number of pole-pairs, B
For the magnetic field intensity formed between excitation rotor and the wound rotor,
B=φ/S
φL=N2ΛmI2
φ is magnetic flux；φ0For permanent magnet flux, provided by permanent magnet, be definite value；φLFor electro-magnetic flux；N2For excitation wire
Enclose the number of turn；I2For exciting current；ΛmFor magnetic conductance.
Determined, when output speed n2 is relatively low, turned by exciting current I2 for electromagnetic coupled speed regulator magnetic field intensity B sizes
Difference frequency f is larger, now reduce exciting current I2 can reduce magnetic field intensity B (for blower fan, water pump load, output speed n2 compared with
When low, required output torque is smaller, reduces the requirement that exciting current I2 remains to meet torque output), with winding type permanent magnet coupling
Speed regulator is compared, and the electromagnetic coupled arrangements for speed regulation that the present invention is provided are under output slow-speed of revolution operating mode, and iron loss is small, and heating is few, efficiency
It is high.
4. the electromagnetic coupled arrangements for speed regulation that the present invention is provided, its Energizing unit include secondary rotor that is arranged on input shaft with
The secondary stator on casing is arranged on, described rotor is oppositely arranged with described stator and has interstice, and described time stator connects
The direct current starting current provided by the controller or external device (ED)；The Energizing unit also include being connected to described rotor with
Rectifier between the excitation rotor；The secondary coil given by controller in time stator leads to direct current starting current, produces magnetic field,
Secondary winding cutting magnetic field in the secondary rotor rotated with input shaft, produces induced-current, and the rectified device 3c of electric current is made into direct current
Stream, supplies excitation rotor.Compared with control circuit directly provides exciting current by the second collector ring component, carried by exciter
Had the following advantages that for exciting current：
(1) reliability is high, non-maintaining, long lifespan
Collector ring component is made up of collector ring and brush, is that contact is conductive, collector ring and brush meeting in use
There is abrasion, need periodic maintenance.Higher is required to the cooperation of collector ring and brush during use, if combination is improper often
Brush can be made to produce bounce or a point spark is produced, cause that brush and collector ring temperature are too high or ghost image scar occur, influence is used.
And the Energizing unit in the present invention, air gap is provided between secondary stator and secondary rotor, is contactless generating, it is not necessary to is safeguarded,
Service life is long, and reliability is high.
(2) reduce the power grade of excitation part power device in controller, reduce cost
Collector ring component is conducting element, by taking a 630kW electrical excitation coupled speed regulator as an example, needed for excitation rotor
Exciting power is 3000W, then controller is accomplished by providing 3000W exciting power to excitation rotor.
Energizing unit in the present invention, is TRT, equally by taking 630kW electrical excitation coupled speed regulator as an example, excitation
Exciting power needed for rotor is provided for 3000W by Energizing unit, and Energizing unit only needs to the power that controller provides 100W,
The mechanical energy that remaining 2900W is provided by prime mover is converted.For controller, using the Energizing unit in the present invention, it can drop
The power grade of excitation part in low controller, reduces controller cost.
5. the electromagnetic coupled speed regulator of the present invention has clutch function, main winding current loop is controlled by controller
Disconnect with connecting realizing "Off", " conjunction " function so that it manipulates simple, reliable.Also can be by controlling electric current in magnet exciting coil
The presence or absence of realize "Off", " conjunction " function.
6. the electromagnetic coupled speed regulator of the present invention is by controlling the electricity in the size of current and main winding in magnet exciting coil
Flow size, it is possible to achieve the continuous operation, tool for a long time under low speed (containing zero-speed or negative rotating speed) big torque of electromagnetic coupled speed regulator
There is heavily loaded soft function, and the starting time is adjustable, it is allowed to start for a long time.
7. the electromagnetic coupled speed regulator of the present invention has overload protection function, and can be with Fraquent start.
Brief description of the drawings
, below will be to specific in order to illustrate more clearly of the specific embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art
The accompanying drawing used required in embodiment or description of the prior art is briefly described, it should be apparent that, in describing below
Accompanying drawing is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, before creative work is not paid
Put, other accompanying drawings can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
The structural representation for the winding type permanent magnet coupling drive device that Fig. 1 provides for prior art；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation for the electromagnetic coupled arrangements for speed regulation that embodiments of the invention one are provided；
Fig. 3 is a kind of structure sectional view of excitation rotor in Fig. 2 electromagnetic coupled arrangements for speed regulation；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of another excitation rotor in Fig. 2 electromagnetic coupled arrangements for speed regulation；
Fig. 5 is the structural representation for the electromagnetic coupled arrangements for speed regulation that the embodiment of the present invention two is provided；
Fig. 6 is the structure sectional view of the excitation rotor of Fig. 5 electromagnetic coupled arrangements for speed regulation.
Description of reference numerals：1- wound rotors；1a- first is unshakable in one's determination；1b- main windings；2- excitation rotors；2a- second is unshakable in one's determination；
2b- magnet exciting coils；2c- permanent magnets；3- rotor；3a- third cores；3b- winding；3c- rectifiers；4- stator；4a-
Four-limbed；4b- secondary coils；The collector ring components of 5- first；6- controllers；7- first axles；The axles of 8- second.
Embodiment
In the description of the invention, it is necessary to explanation, term " " center ", " on ", " under ", "left", "right", " vertical ",
The orientation or position relationship of the instruction such as " level ", " interior ", " outer " be based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship, merely to
Be easy to the description present invention and simplify description, rather than indicate or imply signified device or element must have specific orientation,
With specific azimuth configuration and operation, therefore it is not considered as limiting the invention.In addition, term " first ", " second ",
" the 3rd " is only used for describing purpose, and it is not intended that indicating or implying relative importance.
In the description of the invention, it is necessary to illustrate, unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " installation ", " phase
Even ", " connection " should be interpreted broadly, for example, it may be being fixedly connected or being detachably connected, or be integrally connected；Can
To be mechanical connection or electrical connection；Can be joined directly together, can also be indirectly connected to by intermediary, Ke Yishi
The connection of two element internals.For the ordinary skill in the art, with concrete condition above-mentioned term can be understood at this
Concrete meaning in invention.
As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in invention described below different embodiments non-structure each other
It can just be combined with each other into conflict.
Embodiment one
As the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the present embodiment provides a kind of electromagnetic coupled arrangements for speed regulation, as shown in Fig. 2 including
Casing 9, is installed on casing 9, is coaxially disposed and the separate axle 8 of first axle 7 and second, in the present embodiment, and described
One axle 7 is input shaft, and the second axle 8 is output shaft.Set on input shaft 7 and winding turn is fixedly installed on excitation rotor 2, output shaft 8
Son 1, excitation rotor 2 is oppositely arranged with wound rotor 1 and has the first air gap.The electromagnetic coupled arrangements for speed regulation of the present embodiment also include
For the control that the Energizing unit of exciting current is provided to excitation rotor and is adjusted for the current/voltage to wound rotor
Device 6 processed.
Exciting current is provided to excitation rotor by Energizing unit, excitation rotor produces magnetic field by exciting current, with encouraging
The magnetic field that the wound rotor cutting excitation rotor that magnet rotor is oppositely arranged and has the first air gap is produced produces induced-current, and then produces
Raw induced field, magnetic field is controlled with induced field interaction transmission torque, controller by the electric current of controling winding rotor
Input shaft and the size of output shaft transmission torque realize 0-99% rated speed speed governing, and pass through control to adapt to rotation speed requirements
Slip power between input shaft and output shaft is fed back to power network by device to the control of wound rotor electric current, realizes energy-conservation；In addition,
The arrangements for speed regulation that the present invention is provided, it is simple in construction without special mechanical actuator.
The wound rotor of the present embodiment and the concrete structure of excitation rotor are：As shown in figure 3, wound rotor 1 includes first
1a unshakable in one's determination, multiple main winding mounting grooves are uniformly arranged in 1a inwalls unshakable in one's determination, and main winding 1b is set in each main winding mounting groove, main
Winding 1b is connected by the first collector ring component 5 with controller 6；The main winding can be single-phase, three-phase or polyphase windings.
Excitation rotor 2 includes the second iron core 2a and magnet exciting coil 2b, and magnet exciting coil 2b is connected with rectifier 3c；Such as Fig. 3 institutes
Show, the second iron core 2a can make monolithic construction, i.e., formed by silicon steel plate stacking, and be provided with magnet exciting coil mounting groove；
Split-type structural can be made, as shown in figure 4, being made up of magnetic pole 21 and yoke 22, magnetic pole 21 is formed by silicon steel plate stacking,
Yoke 22 is overrided to form by magnet yoke blanking sheet, magnet yoke blanking sheet typically by the punching of 3mm steel plates into, magnet yoke blanking sheet be provided with T stern notches or
Dovetail slot；Magnet exciting coil 2b is made up of electromagnetic wire, and coil 2b is wrapped on magnetic pole, connected mode can interpolar series connection or interpolar simultaneously
Connection.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2 Energizing unit includes time rotor 3, secondary stator 4 and rectifier 3c.Secondary rotor 3
It is arranged on input shaft 7, secondary stator 4 is arranged on casing 9, secondary stator 4 and time rotor 3 are oppositely arranged and have interstice.It is secondary
Rotor 3 includes third core 3a and time winding 3b, and third core 3a is formed by silicon steel plate stacking, and is provided with time winding installation
Groove, secondary winding 3b is embedded in 3a unshakable in one's determination secondary winding mounting groove, and secondary winding 3b is connected with reorganizer 3c.Secondary stator 4 includes the 4th
4a and secondary coil 4b, four-limbed 4a unshakable in one's determination can make monolithic construction, can also make split-type structural, structure type class
It is monolithic construction like the second iron core 2a, the four-limbed 4a, is formed by silicon steel plate stacking, and be provided with secondary coil 4b installations
Groove, the secondary coil 4b is flush-mounted in the secondary coil 4b mounting grooves；The four-limbed 4a can also be split-type structural, bag
Magnetic pole and yoke are included, the magnetic pole is formed by silicon steel plate stacking, and the yoke is overrided to form by magnet yoke blanking sheet, and the secondary coil is twined
It is wound on the magnetic pole, connected mode is that interpolar is connected or interpolar is in parallel.Secondary coil 4b is arranged in four-limbed 4a grooves, secondary
Coil 4b is connected with controller 6.
It should be noted that the unique selection of above-mentioned Energizing unit and non-invention, in other embodiments, the excitation
Unit includes connecting excitation rotor 2 by the second collector ring component and the control circuit of exciting current is provided for excitation rotor 2.
The operation principle of Energizing unit is in the present embodiment：The secondary coil 4b given by controller in time stator leads to direct current
I0, produce magnetic field C0, with the secondary winding 3b cutting magnetic fields C in the secondary rotor 3 of the rotation of input shaft 70, produce induced-current I3, electric current
I3Rectified device 3c is made into DC current I2, supply excitation rotor.
Compared with directly providing DC current I2 by collector ring component, advantage is as follows：
(1) reliability is high, non-maintaining, long lifespan
Second collector ring component is made up of collector ring and brush, is that contact is conductive, in use collector ring and electricity
Brush has abrasion, needs periodic maintenance.Higher is required to the cooperation of collector ring and brush during use, if combination is improper past
Toward brush can be made to produce bounce or a point spark is produced, cause that brush and collector ring temperature are too high or ghost image scar occur, influence makes
With.And the Energizing unit in the present embodiment, air gap is provided between secondary stator and secondary rotor, is contactless generating, it is not necessary to
Safeguard, service life is long, reliability is high.
(2) reduce the power grade of excitation part power device in controller, reduce cost
Second collector ring component is conducting element, by taking a 630kW electrical excitation coupled speed regulator as an example, excitation rotor institute
The exciting power needed is 3000W, then controller is accomplished by providing 3000W exciting power to excitation rotor.
Energizing unit in the present invention, is TRT, equally by taking 630kW electrical excitation coupled speed regulator as an example, excitation
Exciting power needed for rotor is provided for 3000W by Energizing unit, and Energizing unit only needs to the power that controller provides 100W,
The mechanical energy that remaining 2900W is provided by prime mover is converted.
For controller, using the Energizing unit in the present invention, it is possible to decrease power of excitation part etc. in controller
Level, reduces controller cost.
The operation principle of electromagnetic coupled arrangements for speed regulation that the present embodiment is provided is：
According to electromagnetic induction principle, direct current I is led to secondary coil 4b by controller0, produce magnetic field C0, revolved with input shaft 7
Secondary winding 3b cutting magnetic fields C in the secondary rotor 3 turned0, produce induced-current I3, electric current I3Rectified device 3c is made into DC current
I2, the logical direct current I of magnet exciting coil 2b2Produce magnetic field C1, main winding 1b cutting rotating excitation fields C1Produce induced-current I1, and then produce
Induced field C2, magnetic field C1With induced field C2Interaction transmission torque, by controlling main winding current I1With DC current I0
Size of the size to control its transmission torque realizes speed-regulating function, and slip power can be fed back into electricity to adapt to rotation speed requirements
Net, realizes energy-conservation.
Main winding 1b electromotive force E (floating voltage) is：
E=4.44kfN1φ
φ=N2I2Λm
F=(n1-n2)p/60
In formula, φ is magnetic flux, and f is slip frequency, and p is number of pole-pairs, N1Often it is in series the number of turn, N for main winding 1b2For excitation
The coil 2b numbers of turn, I2For exciting current, ΛmFor magnetic conductance.(in the present embodiment, φ0=0)
Electromotive force E is further represented as：
E=4.44kfN1φ
=0.074kN1N2pΛm(n1-n2)I2 (9)
The electromagnetic coupled speed regulator N it can be seen from formula (9)1、N2, p, k be definite value, electromotive force E size depends on slip
ns=n1-n2With exciting current I2, as output speed n2When relatively low, slip ns is larger, now reduces exciting current I2Master can be reduced
Winding 1b output voltages, and loaded for blower fan, water pump, power and rotating speed n2Cube be directly proportional, torque and rotating speed n2It is flat
Side is directly proportional, in rotating speed n2When relatively low, required output torque is smaller, reduces exciting current I2Remain to meet the requirement of torque output；
As output speed n2When higher, transmission power is larger, now needs larger exciting current I2, but slip ns is smaller, main winding 1b
Voltage still very little.
When the magnetic field formed between the excitation rotor and the wound rotor changes in first is unshakable in one's determination and second is unshakable in one's determination
The iron loss equation of generation is：
In formula, k is empirical coefficient, and its value is with reference to iron losses computation method in design of electrical motor；GFeFor the weight of steel, p10/50
For as B=1T, f=50Hz, the loss in steel Unit Weight, f is slip frequency, and f=(n1-n2) p/60, p is number of pole-pairs,
B is the magnetic field intensity formed between excitation rotor and the wound rotor,
B=φ/S
φ=N2ΛmI2
φ is magnetic flux；N2For the magnet exciting coil number of turn；I2For exciting current；ΛmFor magnetic conductance.
Determined, when output speed n2 is relatively low, turned by exciting current I2 for electromagnetic coupled speed regulator magnetic field intensity B sizes
Difference frequency f is larger, now reduce exciting current I2 can reduce magnetic field intensity B (for blower fan, water pump load, output speed n2 compared with
When low, required output torque is smaller, reduces the requirement that exciting current I2 remains to meet torque output), with winding type permanent magnet coupling
Speed regulator is compared, and the electromagnetic coupled arrangements for speed regulation that the present invention is provided are under output slow-speed of revolution operating mode, and iron loss is small, and heating is few, efficiency
It is high.
In the present embodiment, exciting current I2There is provided by exciter, exciter includes time rotor 3 and time stator 4, passes through
Controller leads to direct current I to secondary coil 4b0, produce magnetic field C0, magnetic is cut with the secondary winding 3b in the secondary rotor 3 of the rotation of input shaft 7
Field C0, produce induced-current I3, electric current I3Rectified device 3c is made into DC current I2, electric current I2Size depend on rotating speed n1And electricity
Flow I0, input speed n1In the case of constant, pass through control electric current I0That is controllable current I2Size.
Therefore, by controlling the I of DC current0Size can be very good solve permanent magnet coupling speed regulator slip it is big when voltage
High the problem of, the power grade of controller power device is effectively reduced, reduce the volume of controller, reduce controller
Cost.
The electromagnetic coupled speed regulator that the present embodiment is provided also has：1) clutch function, main winding is controlled by controller
The disconnection of current loop realizes "Off", " conjunction " function with connection so that it manipulates simple, reliable；Also can be by controlling excitation
The presence or absence of electric current realizes "Off", " conjunction " function in coil.2) heavily loaded soft function, by controlling the size of current in magnet exciting coil
And the size of current in main winding, it is possible to achieve electromagnetic coupled speed regulator is long under low speed (containing zero-speed or negative rotating speed) big torque
Time Continuous is run, and with heavily loaded soft function, and the starting time is adjustable, it is allowed to start for a long time.3) overload protection function, and
Can be with Fraquent start.
Embodiment two
As shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, the present embodiment provides a kind of electromagnetic coupled arrangements for speed regulation, including casing 9, is installed on casing 9
Above, it is coaxially disposed and the separate axle 8 of first axle 7 and second, in the present embodiment, the first axle 7 is input shaft, second
Axle 8 is output shaft.Set on input shaft 7 on excitation rotor 2, output shaft 8 and wound rotor 1, excitation rotor 2 and winding is fixedly installed
Rotor 1 is relatively set with the first air gap.The electromagnetic coupled arrangements for speed regulation of the present embodiment also include being used to provide to excitation rotor encouraging
The Energizing unit of magnetoelectricity stream and the controller 6 being adjusted for the current/voltage to wound rotor.
The wound rotor of the present embodiment and the concrete structure of excitation rotor are：As shown in figure 5, wound rotor 1 includes first
1a unshakable in one's determination, multiple main winding mounting grooves are uniformly arranged in 1a inwalls unshakable in one's determination, and main winding 1b is set in each main winding mounting groove, main
Winding 1b is connected by the first collector ring component 5 with controller 6；The main winding can be single-phase, three-phase or polyphase windings.
Such as Fig. 6, excitation rotor 2 includes the second iron core 2a, magnet exciting coil 2b and permanent magnet 2c, magnet exciting coil 2b and rectifier
3c connections；Second iron core 2a can make monolithic construction or split-type structural, and be provided with magnet exciting coil mounting groove；Excitation wire
Circle 2b is made up of electromagnetic wire, and coil 2b is arranged on the second iron core 2a, and connected mode is that interpolar is connected or interpolar is in parallel；Permanent magnetism 2c
Be arranged on the second iron core 2a, the permanent magnet 2c and the wound rotor 1 are relatively set with first air gap, and it is described forever
Magnet N, S poles are circumferentially alternately arranged.
In the present embodiment, as shown in figure 5, Energizing unit includes time rotor 3, secondary stator 4 and rectifier 3c.Secondary rotor 3
It is arranged on input shaft 7, secondary stator 4 is arranged on casing 9, secondary stator 4 and time rotor 3 are relatively set with interstice.Secondary turn
Son 3 includes third core 3a and time winding 3b, and third core 3a is formed by silicon steel plate stacking, and is provided with time winding mounting groove,
Secondary winding 3b is embedded in 3a unshakable in one's determination secondary winding mounting groove, and secondary winding 3b is connected with reorganizer 3c.Secondary stator 4 includes four-limbed
4a and secondary coil 4b, four-limbed 4a can make monolithic construction or split-type structural, and be provided with secondary coil 4b mounting grooves,
The secondary coil 4b is flush-mounted in the secondary coil 4b mounting grooves, and connected mode is that interpolar is connected or interpolar is in parallel.Secondary coil
4b is connected with controller 6.
The operation principle of electromagnetic coupled arrangements for speed regulation that the present embodiment is provided is：
According to electromagnetic induction principle, direct current I is led to secondary coil 4b by controller0, produce magnetic field C0, revolved with input shaft 7
Secondary winding 3b cutting magnetic fields C in the secondary rotor 3 turned0, produce induced-current I3, electric current I3Rectified device 3c is made into DC current
I2, the logical direct current I of main coil 2b2Produce magnetic field C12, permanent magnet 2c generations magnetic field C11, magnetic field C11With magnetic field C12Superposition, which is formed, closes
Into magnetic field C1, main winding 1b cutting rotating excitation fields C1Produce induced-current I1, and then produce induced field C2, magnetic field C1With sensing magnetic
Field C2Interaction transmission torque, by controlling main winding current I1With DC current I0Size come control its transmit torque it is big
Small to realize speed-regulating function to adapt to rotation speed requirements, speed adjustable range can feed back to slip power in power network up to 0~99%, real
Now save.
The electromotive force E (floating voltage) of main winding is：
E=4.44kfN1φ
In formula, N1 is that main winding (1b) is often in series the number of turn, and k is winding coefficient, and f is slip frequency,
P is number of pole-pairs, and n1 is input speed, and n2 is output speed, and φ is magnetic flux,
φL=N2ΛmI2
φ0It is definite value for permanent magnet flux, is determined by permanent magnet material and permanent magnet size, φLFor electro-magnetic flux,N2For
The magnet exciting coil number of turn, I2For exciting current, ΛmFor magnetic conductance.
Main winding electromotive force E can be further represented as：
E=0.074kpN1(n1-n2)(φ0+N2ΛmI2)
The electromagnetic coupled speed regulator N it can be seen from formula1、N2、p、k、Λm、φ0For definite value, electromotive force E size is depended on
Slip ns=n1-n2With exciting current I2, as output speed n2When relatively low, slip ns is larger, now reduces exciting current I2It can drop
Low main winding electromotive force, and loaded for blower fan, water pump, power and rotating speed n2Cube be directly proportional, torque and rotating speed n2It is flat
Side is directly proportional, in rotating speed n2When relatively low, required output torque is smaller, reduces exciting current I2Remain to meet the requirement of torque output；
As output speed n2When higher, transmission power is larger, now needs larger exciting current I2, but slip ns is smaller, main winding electricity
Kinetic potential still very little.The electromagnetic coupled arrangements for speed regulation that the present invention is provided solve well winding type permanent magnet coupling speed regulator slip it is big when
The problem of voltage is high, effectively reduces the power grade of controller power device, reduces the volume of controller, reduces control
The cost of device.
When the magnetic field formed between the excitation rotor and the wound rotor changes in first is unshakable in one's determination and second is unshakable in one's determination
The iron loss equation of generation is：
In formula, K is empirical coefficient, and its value is with reference to iron losses computation method in design of electrical motor；GFeFor the weight of steel, p10/50
For as B=1T, f=50Hz, the loss in steel Unit Weight, f is slip frequency, and f=(n1-n2) p/60, p is number of pole-pairs, B
For the magnetic field intensity formed between excitation rotor and the wound rotor,
B=φ/S
φL=N2ΛmI2
φ is magnetic flux；φ0For permanent magnet flux, provided by permanent magnet, be definite value；φLFor electro-magnetic flux；N2For excitation wire
Enclose the number of turn；I2For exciting current；ΛmFor magnetic conductance.
Determined, when output speed n2 is relatively low, turned by exciting current I2 for electromagnetic coupled speed regulator magnetic field intensity B sizes
Difference frequency f is larger, now reduce exciting current I2 can reduce magnetic field intensity B (for blower fan, water pump load, output speed n2 compared with
When low, required output torque is smaller, reduces the requirement that exciting current I2 remains to meet torque output), with winding type permanent magnet coupling
Speed regulator is compared, and the electromagnetic coupled arrangements for speed regulation that the present invention is provided are under output slow-speed of revolution operating mode, and iron loss is small, and heating is few, efficiency
It is high.
In the present embodiment, exciting current I2There is provided by Energizing unit, Energizing unit includes time rotor 3 and time stator 4,
Direct current I is led to secondary coil 4b by controller0, produce magnetic field C0, cut with the secondary winding 3b in the secondary rotor 3 of the rotation of input shaft 7
Cut magnetic field C0, produce induced-current I3, electric current I3Rectified device 3c is made into DC current I2, electric current I2Size depend on rotating speed n1
With electric current I0, input speed n1In the case of constant, pass through control electric current I0That is controllable current I2Size.
Therefore, by controlling the I of DC current0Size can be very good solve permanent magnet coupling speed regulator slip it is big when voltage
High the problem of, the power grade of controller power device is effectively reduced, reduce the volume of controller, reduce controller
Cost.
It should be noted that the unique selection of above-mentioned Energizing unit and non-invention, in other embodiments, the excitation
Unit includes connecting excitation rotor 2 by the second collector ring component and the control circuit of exciting current is provided for excitation rotor 2.
Energizing unit by collector ring component compared with directly providing DC current I2 in the present embodiment, and advantage is as follows：
(1) reliability is high, non-maintaining, long lifespan
Second collector ring component is made up of collector ring and brush, is that contact is conductive, in use collector ring and electricity
Brush has abrasion, needs periodic maintenance.Higher is required to the cooperation of collector ring and brush during use, if combination is improper past
Toward brush can be made to produce bounce or a point spark is produced, cause that brush and collector ring temperature are too high or ghost image scar occur, influence makes
With.And the Energizing unit in the present embodiment, air gap is provided between secondary stator and secondary rotor, is contactless generating, it is not necessary to
Safeguard, service life is long, reliability is high.
(2) reduce the power grade of excitation part power device in controller, reduce cost
Second collector ring component is conducting element, by taking a 630kW electrical excitation coupled speed regulator as an example, excitation rotor institute
The exciting power needed is 2250W, then controller is accomplished by providing 2250W exciting power to excitation rotor.
Energizing unit in the present invention, is TRT, equally by taking 630kW electrical excitation coupled speed regulator as an example, excitation
Exciting power needed for rotor is provided for 2250W by Energizing unit, and Energizing unit only needs to the power that controller provides 75W,
The mechanical energy that remaining 2175W is provided by prime mover is converted.
For controller, using the Energizing unit in the present invention, it is possible to decrease power of excitation part etc. in controller
Level, reduces controller cost.
Due to being provided with permanent magnet 2c on excitation rotor 2 in the present embodiment two, so under the same terms, being encouraged in embodiment two
What the Energizing unit as needed for the exciting power that Energizing unit is provided is less than excitation rotor in embodiment one was provided needed for magnet rotor encourages
Magnetic power, but the excitation rotor of embodiment two is complicated compared with embodiment one due to being provided with permanent magnet, production technology, and cost is compared with embodiment
One is high.
The electromagnetic coupled speed regulator that the present embodiment is provided also has：1) clutch function, main winding is controlled by controller
The disconnection of current loop realizes "Off", " conjunction " function with connection so that it manipulates simple, reliable；Also can be by controlling excitation
The presence or absence of electric current realizes "Off", " conjunction " function in coil.2) heavily loaded soft function, by controlling the electric current in magnet exciting coil big
Size of current in small and main winding, it is possible to achieve electromagnetic coupled speed regulator is under low speed (containing zero-speed or negative rotating speed) big torque
Continuous operation for a long time, with heavily loaded soft function, and the starting time is adjustable, it is allowed to start for a long time.3) overload protection function,
And can be with Fraquent start.
Obviously, above-described embodiment is only intended to clearly illustrate example, and the not restriction to embodiment.It is right
For those of ordinary skill in the art, can also make on the basis of the above description it is other it is various forms of change or
Change.There is no necessity and possibility to exhaust all the enbodiments.And the obvious change thus extended out or
Among changing still in the protection domain of the invention.
Claims (13)
1. a kind of electromagnetic coupled arrangements for speed regulation, it is characterised in that including casing (9), are installed on the casing (9), are coaxially disposed
And separate first axle (7) and the second axle (8), excitation rotor (2), second axle (8) are set on the first axle (7)
Upper setting wound rotor (1), the excitation rotor (2) is relatively set with the first air gap with the wound rotor (1)；Also include with
The magnet exciting coil (2b) of the excitation rotor (2) connects to provide the Energizing unit of exciting current to the magnet exciting coil, and
The controller (6) being adjusted for the current/voltage to the wound rotor (1).
2. arrangements for speed regulation according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the wound rotor (1) includes first (1a) unshakable in one's determination
With the main winding (1b) being connected with the controller (6).
3. arrangements for speed regulation according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the main winding (1b) is led to the controller (6)
Cross the first collector ring component (5) connection.
4. arrangements for speed regulation according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the main winding (1b) is single-phase, three-phase or many
Phase winding.
5. the arrangements for speed regulation according to claim 1-4 any one, it is characterised in that the master of the wound rotor (1) around
The electromotive force E of group (1b) is：
E=0.074kpN1(n1-n2)(φ0+N2ΛmI2)
In formula, φ0For permanent magnet flux, p is number of pole-pairs, N1Often it is in series the number of turn, N for main winding (1b)2For the magnet exciting coil number of turn, I2
For exciting current, ΛmFor magnetic conductance, k is winding coefficient；
By controlling I2Size, regulation electromotive force E size.
6. the arrangements for speed regulation according to claim 1-5 any one, it is characterised in that the second of the excitation rotor (2)
(2a) unshakable in one's determination is monolithic construction or split-type structural, and the magnet exciting coil (2b) is arranged on (2a) unshakable in one's determination, connection side
Formula is that interpolar is connected or interpolar is in parallel.
7. the arrangements for speed regulation according to claim 1-6 any one, it is characterised in that the Energizing unit includes being arranged on
Secondary rotor (3) in first axle and the secondary stator (4) being arranged on casing (9), described rotor (3) and described stator (4)
Interstice is provided with, described stator (4) receives the starting current that the controller (6) or external device (ED) are provided；It is described to encourage
Magnetic cell also includes the rectifier (3c) being connected between described rotor (3) and the excitation rotor (2)；Or, it is described to encourage
Magnetic cell includes connecting the excitation rotor (2) by the second collector ring component and encouraged described in the excitation rotor (2) offer
The control circuit of magnetoelectricity stream.
8. arrangements for speed regulation according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described rotor (3) include third core (3a) and
Secondary winding (3b), described time winding (3b) is connected with the rectifier (3c).
9. arrangements for speed regulation according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described stator (4) include four-limbed (4a) and
The secondary coil (4b) on the four-limbed (4a) is arranged on, the secondary coil (4b) is connected with the controller (6).
10. arrangements for speed regulation according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the four-limbed (4a) be monolithic construction or
Split-type structural, the secondary coil (4b) is arranged on the four-limbed (4a), and connected mode is that interpolar is connected or interpolar
It is in parallel.
11. the arrangements for speed regulation according to claim 1-10 any one, it is characterised in that set on the excitation rotor (2)
Permanent magnet (2c) is put, the permanent magnet (2c) is oppositely arranged with the wound rotor (1) and has first air gap.
12. arrangements for speed regulation according to claim 11, it is characterised in that circumferentially hand over permanent magnet (2c) N, S poles
For arrangement.
13. the arrangements for speed regulation according to claim 1-12 any one, it is characterised in that the excitation rotor (2) is located at
The radial outside of the wound rotor (1)；Or, the excitation rotor (2) is located at the radially inner side of the wound rotor (1)；
Or the excitation rotor (2) and the wound rotor (1) are tray type structure.
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| CN107979261A (en) * | 2017-11-01 | 2018-05-01 | 山东洁盟节能环保技术有限公司 | A kind of permanent-magnet speed governor of fixed magnetic gap |
| CN109270966A (en) * | 2018-08-31 | 2019-01-25 | 沈阳丁通用科技研究院 | Energy-saving permanent-magnet speed-regulating system and method |
| CN112968638A (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2021-06-15 | 中国神华能源股份有限公司国华电力分公司 | Water supply pump steam turbine system |
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