CN107317457B - Permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor - Google Patents
Permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN107317457B CN107317457B CN201710595753.5A CN201710595753A CN107317457B CN 107317457 B CN107317457 B CN 107317457B CN 201710595753 A CN201710595753 A CN 201710595753A CN 107317457 B CN107317457 B CN 107317457B
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- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 75
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 158
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 7
- 241000555745 Sciuridae Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004134 energy conservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K49/00—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes
- H02K49/10—Dynamo-electric clutches; Dynamo-electric brakes of the permanent-magnet type
- H02K49/104—Magnetic couplings consisting of only two coaxial rotary elements, i.e. the driving element and the driven element
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K3/00—Details of windings
- H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
- H02K3/28—Layout of windings or of connections between windings
Abstract
The invention relates to a permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor, which comprises: the device comprises a shell (1), an output shaft (2), a control structure (3), an electric structure and a speed regulation structure; the motor-driven structure comprises a motor-driven rotor (5) and a stator (4) arranged on the inner wall of the shell, and the speed regulating structure comprises a winding rotor (6) and a permanent magnet rotor (7); the magnetic field of the stator interacts with the magnetic field of the electric rotor to transmit torque, and the magnetic field of the winding rotor interacts with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet rotor to transmit torque; one of the winding rotor and the permanent magnet rotor is fixedly connected with the electric rotor, and the other is fixedly connected with the output shaft; the control structure is electrically connected with the winding rotor, and the control structure adjusts the current or the voltage of the winding rotor. The permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor can operate efficiently, is smooth in speed regulation, large in speed regulation range, hard in characteristic, short in axial dimension and has low voltage ride through capability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of motors, in particular to a permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor.
Background
The speed regulation operation is one of the accepted optimal modes for realizing the energy conservation of the motor, and the speed regulation operation of the motor mainly comprises the following three modes:
1. electromagnetic speed regulation
The electromagnetic speed regulation consists of a cage motor, an electromagnetic slip clutch and a direct-current excitation power supply (controller). The electromagnetic slip clutch consists of an armature, a magnetic pole and an excitation winding, wherein the armature is coaxially connected with a rotor of the cage motor and driven by the cage motor, the magnetic pole is connected with a load through a coupler, and the excitation winding is electrified with direct current. When the armature rotates along with the cage motor, the armature is induced to generate eddy current due to the relative motion between the armature and the magnetic poles, the eddy current and the magnetic flux interact to generate torque to drive the rotor to rotate along the same direction, but the rotating speed of the rotor is always lower than that of the armature, namely, the electromagnetic speed regulation is a slip speed regulation mode, and the output torque and the rotating speed of the electromagnetic slip clutch can be changed by regulating the direct current exciting current of the electromagnetic slip clutch.
However, the electromagnetic speed regulation efficiency is low, the slip power loss is large, the axial length is large, the occupied space is large, and the installation is inconvenient.
2. Cascade speed regulation
The cascade speed regulation is usually to connect a slip power conversion device in series in a rotor loop of a wound-rotor asynchronous motor and feed slip power back to a power grid, so that the speed regulation purpose is achieved and higher efficiency is obtained. The rotor loop current is rectified into direct current by a semiconductor rectifier, the direct current is converted into power frequency alternating current by an inverter, and then energy is fed back into an alternating current power grid. By controlling the inversion angle of the inverter, the voltage of the DC side of the inverter can be changed, thereby achieving the purpose of speed regulation.
However, cascade speed regulation does not have low voltage ride through capability. That is, when a voltage drop (voltage sag) occurs in the power grid, the current of the stator increases to increase the rotor-side induced current in order to maintain the output torque. Because the frequency converter of the slip power conversion device is directly connected in series on the rotor loop, the slip power conversion device is easy to burn out due to overlarge current, and the motor is stopped from fault.
3. Variable frequency speed regulation
The variable frequency speed regulation is to change the rotating magnetic field by changing the power supply frequency of the motor stator, thereby changing the synchronous rotating speed of the rotating magnetic field to regulate the speed, and the mode has no additional slip loss. The key device of the variable frequency speed regulating system is a frequency converter, namely a frequency converter, which is used for providing variable frequency power supply. The frequency converter can be divided into an AC-DC-AC (AC-DC-AC) frequency converter and an AC-AC (AC-AC) frequency converter. The method has the characteristics of high efficiency and no additional loss in the speed regulation process; the application range is wide, and the motor can be used for cage asynchronous motors; the speed regulation range is large, the characteristics are hard, and the precision is high. However, the frequency converter of the key device for frequency conversion and speed regulation has large capacity, complex technology, high manufacturing cost, high requirement on installation environment and difficult maintenance and overhaul.
Therefore, a low-cost speed-regulating motor with high efficiency, small volume and low voltage ride through capability is needed by integrating the speed-regulating operation modes of various motors in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor which can operate efficiently, is small in size, has low voltage ride through capability and is low in cost.
In order to achieve the above object, a first aspect of the present invention provides a permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor, including: the device comprises a shell, an output shaft, a control structure, an electric structure and a speed regulation structure;
the motor-driven structure comprises a motor-driven rotor and a stator arranged on the inner wall of the shell, and the speed regulating structure comprises a winding rotor and a permanent magnet rotor;
the magnetic field of the stator interacts with the magnetic field of the electric rotor to transfer torque, and the magnetic field of the winding rotor interacts with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet rotor to transfer torque;
one of the winding rotor and the permanent magnet rotor is fixedly connected with the electric rotor 5, and the other is fixedly connected with the output shaft;
the control structure is electrically connected with the winding rotor, and the control structure regulates current or voltage of the winding rotor.
According to the second scheme, the permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor is characterized in that the stator is electrically connected with the control structure, and the slip power of the speed regulating structure can be fed back to the stator through the control structure.
According to the third scheme, the permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor comprises a main winding and an auxiliary winding, wherein the main winding is electrically connected with an external power supply, the auxiliary winding is electrically connected with the control structure, and when the rotating speed of the output shaft is lower than that of the electric rotor, the slip power of the speed regulating structure is fed back to the auxiliary winding of the stator through the control structure.
According to the fourth scheme, the permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor is characterized in that the control structure is electrically connected with a power grid, and slip power of the speed regulating structure is fed back to the power grid through the control structure.
According to the fifth scheme, the permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor comprises a main winding, the main winding is electrically connected with an external power supply, and when the rotating speed of the output shaft is lower than that of the electric rotor, the slip power of the speed regulating structure is fed back to the power grid through the control structure.
The permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor according to any one of the sixth to fifth aspects, wherein when the rotation speed of the output shaft is higher than the rotation speed of the electric rotor, the winding rotor is supplied with power through the control structure, and the winding rotor absorbs power to the power grid.
The seventh aspect of the permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, wherein the winding rotor is fixedly connected with the electric rotor, and the permanent magnet rotor is fixedly connected with the output shaft.
The eighth aspect is the permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor according to the seventh aspect, wherein the permanent magnet rotor, the winding rotor, the electric rotor and the stator are sequentially arranged along a radial direction of the output shaft.
The permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor according to any one of the ninth to sixth aspects, wherein the permanent magnet rotor is fixedly connected with the electric rotor, and the winding rotor is fixedly connected with the output shaft.
The tenth scheme is the permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor according to the ninth scheme, wherein the winding rotor, the permanent magnet rotor, the electric rotor and the stator are sequentially arranged along the radial direction of the output shaft.
The permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor according to any one of the eleventh aspect to the tenth aspect, further comprising a bearing frame rotatably mounted inside the housing, the bearing frame comprising a cylindrical main body, a first end plate and a second end plate, the cylindrical main body being coaxially disposed with the output shaft, the first end plate being connected to an end of the cylindrical main body near the connection end of the output shaft, the second end plate being connected to an end of the cylindrical main body remote from the connection end of the output shaft, the first end plate being formed with a first journal extending outward, the second end plate being formed with a second journal extending outward, the first journal being mounted on a first end cover of the housing through a first bearing, the second journal being mounted on a second end cover of the housing through a second bearing.
The twelfth aspect of the permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor according to the eleventh aspect, wherein the electric rotor is fixed on the outer wall of the cylindrical main body, the winding rotor and the permanent magnet rotor are located inside the bearing frame, one of the winding rotor and the permanent magnet rotor is fixed on the inner wall of the cylindrical main body, and the other is fixedly connected with the output shaft.
The thirteenth aspect of the present invention provides the permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor according to the eleventh or twelfth aspect, wherein the winding rotor is electrically connected to the control structure through a slip ring, a carbon brush, and a lead, and the slip ring is sleeved on the second journal.
The fourteen-scheme permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor according to the eleventh or twelfth scheme, wherein the winding rotor is electrically connected with the control structure through a collecting ring, a carbon brush and a lead wire, one end, opposite to the connecting end, of the output shaft extends out of the second end cover, and the collecting ring is sleeved at one end, opposite to the connecting end, of the output shaft.
The fifteenth permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor according to the fourteenth scheme, wherein the permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor further comprises a protective cover, the protective cover is detachably connected with the second end cover, and one end, opposite to the connecting end, of the output shaft is located in the protective cover.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the electric rotor of the invention always runs at high speed, the slip ratio s of the electric structure is basically unchanged, thus ensuring that the electric structure always runs at high efficiency, and the permanent magnet speed regulating structure feeds back all slip power to the power grid or the electric structure for reuse besides the self loss, so the efficiency of the invention is higher;
2. the invention has large speed regulation range, hard characteristic and smooth speed regulation, and can keep rated torque running especially when the load runs at low speed;
3. the invention can realize the clutch function by simply controlling the ON/OFF state of the winding rotor loop through the control structure, and has no mechanical action and friction and abrasion;
4. according to the invention, the magnitude of the transmission torque is controlled by adjusting the magnitude of the induction current in the winding, so that speed regulation and soft start are realized;
5. the invention has overload protection function;
6. the invention has low voltage ride through capability. When the voltage drop occurs in the power grid, the electric structure maintains the output torque unchanged, the stator current is increased, and the side of the electric rotor induces larger induction current, but the electric structure can bear and cannot be burnt because the time is shorter and a power conversion device is not required to be arranged in the electric structure. The winding rotor of the speed regulating structure is fixed in the bearing frame and rotates together with the electric rotor, the winding rotor only bears the torque transmitted by the electric structure, the current induced by the speed regulating winding is only related to the slip between the permanent magnet rotor and the winding rotor and the transmitted torque, and is irrelevant to the power grid voltage or the stator current, so that the power grid voltage drop has no influence on the speed regulating structure and the control structure;
7. the invention has short axial length, the overall length is equivalent to that of a common motor, the occupied space is small, and the invention is very beneficial to the reconstruction of an old system;
8. according to the invention, grease can be replaced by the four bearings through the two oil filling holes at one shaft extension end, and waste grease of the four bearings can be collected by only two waste grease boxes. The slip ring and the carbon brush are arranged on the non-driving end, so that maintenance and replacement are facilitated;
9. compared with a variable-frequency speed regulation device, particularly a high-voltage frequency converter, the invention has obviously reduced cost.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate the invention and together with the description serve to explain, without limitation, the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a permanent magnet coupled speed motor according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a permanent magnet coupled speed motor according to a second embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a permanent magnet coupled speed motor according to a third embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a permanent magnet coupled speed motor according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a power distribution diagram of a permanent magnet coupled speed motor of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals
1. First end cap of housing 1a
1b second end cap 2 output shaft
2a connecting end 3 control structure
4. Stator 4a main winding
4b auxiliary winding 5 electric rotor
6. Winding rotor 7 permanent magnet rotor
8. Cylindrical main body of bearing frame 81
82. First end plate 83 second end plate
84. First journal 85 second journal
9. First bearing 10 and second bearing
11. Carbon brush with collecting ring 12
13. Protective cover for lead 14
15. External power supply
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Embodiment one:
as shown in fig. 1, a first embodiment of the present invention provides a permanent magnet coupling speed motor, which includes: the device comprises a shell 1, an output shaft 2, a control structure 3, an electric structure and a speed regulation structure; the motor-driven structure consists of a motor-driven rotor 5 and a stator 4 arranged on the inner wall of the shell 1, and the speed regulating structure comprises a winding rotor 6 and a permanent magnet rotor 7; the magnetic field of the stator 4 interacts with the magnetic field of the electric rotor 5 to transmit torque, and the magnetic field of the winding rotor 6 interacts with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet rotor 7 to transmit torque; the winding rotor 6 is fixedly connected with the electric rotor 5, the permanent magnet rotor 7 is fixedly connected with the output shaft 2, and the permanent magnet rotor 7, the winding rotor 6, the electric rotor 5 and the stator 4 are sequentially arranged along the radial direction of the output shaft 2; the stator 4 comprises a first core, a main winding 4a and an auxiliary winding 4b, the main winding 4a is used for being electrically connected with an external power supply 15, the auxiliary winding 4b is electrically connected with the control structure 3, the control structure 3 regulates the current or voltage of the winding rotor 6, and the slip power of the speed regulating structure is fed back to the auxiliary winding 4b of the stator 4 through the control structure 3.
The main winding 4a and the auxiliary winding 4b of the stator 4 are arranged in the same slot and are in phase.
The electric rotor 5 may be a squirrel cage rotor or a permanent magnet rotor or a wound rotor, the preferred embodiment being a squirrel cage rotor, the electric rotor 5 comprising a second core and a squirrel cage conductor.
The winding rotor 6 comprises a third iron core and a speed regulating winding, and the winding rotor 6 is electrically connected with the control structure 3 through a collecting ring 11, a carbon brush 12 and a lead 13.
The permanent magnet rotor 7 includes a fourth core and a permanent magnet, which may be provided on the surface of the fourth core or embedded in the fourth core.
As shown in fig. 1, the permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor further includes a bearing frame 8 rotatably mounted inside the housing 1, the bearing frame 8 includes a cylindrical main body 81, a first end plate 82 and a second end plate 83, the cylindrical main body 81 is coaxially disposed with the output shaft 2, the first end plate 82 is connected to an end of the cylindrical main body 81 near the connection end 2a of the output shaft 2, the second end plate 83 is connected to an end of the cylindrical main body 81 far away from the connection end 2a of the output shaft 2, a first journal 84 extending outwards is formed on the first end plate 82, a second journal 85 extending outwards is formed on the second end plate 83, the first journal 84 is mounted on the first end cap 1a of the housing 1 through a first bearing 9, and the second journal 85 is mounted on the second end cap 1b of the housing 1 through a second bearing 10.
The electric rotor 5 is fixed on the outer wall of the cylindrical main body 81, the winding rotor 6 and the permanent magnet rotor 7 are positioned in the bearing frame 8, the winding rotor 6 is fixed on the inner wall of the cylindrical main body 81, and the permanent magnet rotor 7 is fixedly connected with the output shaft 2. The winding rotor 6 is electrically connected with the control structure 3 through the collecting ring 11, the carbon brush 12 and the lead 13, and the collecting ring 11 is sleeved on the second journal 85 and positioned at the non-driving end, so that the installation of the collecting ring 11 and the electrical connection of the winding rotor 6 and the collecting ring 11 are convenient, and the maintenance and the replacement are facilitated.
The output shaft 2 passes from the interior of the carrier 8 and through the respective apertures of the first and second journals 84, 85, the carrier 8 being rotatable relative to the output shaft 2, the winding rotor 6 and the permanent magnet rotor 7 being located inside the carrier 8 and between the carrier 8 and the output shaft 2. The electric rotor 5 and the winding rotor 6 are mounted on the carrier 8 such that rotation of the electric rotor 5 drives the winding rotor 6 and thus the output shaft 2 rotates therewith to transmit torque.
The working principle of the permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor of the first embodiment is described below:
an external power supply 15 supplies alternating current I through the main winding 4a of the terminal block pair 4 1 A rotating magnetic field is generated in the stator 4, and the synchronous rotation speed is n 0 . The conductor of the electric rotor 5 cuts the rotating magnetic field of the stator 4 to generate an induced current I 2 And thus a first induced magnetic field is generated in the electric rotor 5. The rotating magnetic field of the stator 4 interacts with the first induced magnetic field of the electric rotor 5 to transmit torque T 1 And a first electromagnetic power P e1 The electric rotor 5 rotates with the rotating magnetic field of the stator 4 at a rotation speed n 1 The output power is P e2 。
The electric rotor 5 rotates to drive the winding rotor 6 to synchronously rotate, and the rotating speeds of the two are the same. The winding rotor 6 and the permanent magnet rotor 7 relatively rotate, and a speed regulating winding in the winding rotor 6 cuts the permanent magnet field of the permanent magnet rotor 7 to generate induction current I 3 And thus a second induced magnetic field is generated in the winding rotor 6. The second induced magnetic field of the winding rotor 6 is in phase with the permanent magnetic field of the permanent magnet rotor 7Interact to transfer torque T 2 And a second electromagnetic torque P e2 ' causing the permanent magnet rotor 7 to rotate at a rotational speed n 2 The output power is P 2 。
Control of the induced current I of the winding rotor 6 by the control structure 3 3 The torque transmitted by the output shaft 2 is controlled to adapt to the rotating speed requirement, and the speed regulation function is realized.
When the output rotation speed n of the output shaft 2 2 Lower than the rotational speed n of the electric rotor 5 1 During the time, the slip power P of the speed regulating structure s The auxiliary winding 4b of the stator 4 is fed back to the control structure 3, and the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator 4 interacts with the first induction magnetic field of the electric rotor 5 to generate forward dragging torque, so that the active power absorbed by the electric structure from the power grid is reduced, and energy conservation is realized.
When the output rotation speed n of the output shaft 2 2 Higher than the rotational speed n of the electric rotor 5 1 When the power supply is performed on the winding rotor 6 through the control structure 3, the winding rotor 6 absorbs power to the power grid, and the speed increase is realized.
As shown in fig. 5, the rotation speed, torque and power of the permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor meet the following conditions (mechanical loss, stray loss and winding rotor iron loss are ignored):
T 1 ＝T 2 ＝T
P e2 ＝P e2 ’＝kTn 1
P e1 ＝kTn 0 ，P e2 ＝kTn 1 ，P 2 ＝kTn 2 ，
P s ＝P e2 -P 2 -P cu3 ＝kT(n 1 -n 2 )-P cu3 ，
wherein k=1.0472, p cu1 For copper loss of stator 4, P Fe1 For the iron loss of stator 4, P cu2 For copper loss, P, of the electric rotor 5 cu3 For copper loss, P, of the winding rotor 6 s For speed regulation knotThe resultant slip power, m, is the number of conductor phases of the electric rotor 5, R 2 Is the internal resistance of the electric rotor 5.
As can be seen from fig. 5, in the first embodiment, the power loss of the stator 4 is only the internal resistance copper loss P of the stator 4 cu1 And iron loss P Fe1 The power loss of the electric rotor 5 is only the internal resistance copper loss of the electric rotor 5, and the rotation speed n of the electric rotor 5 1 Near synchronous speed n 0 The electric rotor 5 always runs at high speed, and the active power absorbed by the permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor in the first embodiment from the power grid is P 1 -P s 。
In the first embodiment, a set of auxiliary windings 4b is added in the windings of the stator 4, so that an inverter transformer for transmitting energy to a power grid by a permanent magnet speed regulation structure is omitted, and the cost is reduced. The slip power of the permanent magnet coupling speed regulation is fed back to the auxiliary winding of the stator 4, so that no pollution is caused to the power grid.
The electric rotor 5 of the first embodiment always operates at a high speed, the slip ratio s of the electric structure is basically unchanged, so that the electric structure is ensured to always operate at a high efficiency, and besides the self loss, the permanent magnet speed regulating structure feeds back all slip power to the electric structure for self-reuse, and no transformer loss exists, so that the first embodiment has higher efficiency.
The first embodiment has wide speed regulation range and smooth speed regulation, and can keep rated torque running especially when the load runs at low speed.
The embodiment can realize the clutch function by simply controlling the ON/OFF state of the loop of the winding rotor 6 through the control structure, and has no mechanical action and friction and abrasion.
In the first embodiment, the magnitude of the transmission torque is controlled by adjusting the magnitude of the induced current in the winding rotor 6, so that speed regulation and soft start are realized.
The first embodiment has an overload protection function.
Embodiment one has a low voltage ride through capability. The voltage drop refers to a voltage variation phenomenon that the root mean square value of the voltage is reduced to 0.1-0.9 times of the rated voltage under the condition of power frequency voltage, and the duration time is short time ranging from 0.5 cycle to 1 minute. The low voltage ride through capability refers to the capability of a small power generation system to withstand a certain limit of grid low voltage in a certain short time without exiting operation, i.e., the capability of withstanding voltage drops.
When the voltage drop occurs in the power grid, the electric structure of the first embodiment maintains the output torque unchanged, the current of the stator 4 is increased, and the side of the electric rotor 5 induces larger induction current, but the electric structure of the first embodiment can bear and cannot be burnt due to shorter time and no power conversion device in the electric structure of the first embodiment. The winding rotor 6 of the speed regulating structure of the first embodiment is fixed inside the bearing frame 8 and rotates together with the electric rotor 5, the winding rotor 6 only bears the torque transmitted by the electric structure, the current induced by the speed regulating winding is only related to the slip between the permanent magnet rotor 7 and the winding rotor 6 and the transmitted torque, and is irrelevant to the power grid voltage or the stator current, so that the power grid voltage drop has no influence on the speed regulating structure and the control structure of the first embodiment.
The first embodiment has short axial length, the overall length is equivalent to that of a common motor, and the method is very beneficial to the improvement of an old system.
In the embodiment, one shaft end is arranged, grease can be replaced by four bearings through two oil filling holes, and waste grease of the four bearings can be collected by only two waste grease boxes. The collecting ring 11 and the carbon brush 12 are arranged on the non-driving end, so that maintenance and replacement are facilitated.
Compared with a frequency conversion speed regulation, the embodiment I is low in cost, especially a high-voltage frequency converter.
Embodiment two:
as shown in fig. 2, a permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor provided in a second embodiment of the present invention includes: the device comprises a shell 1, an output shaft 2, a control structure 3, an electric structure and a speed regulation structure; the motor-driven structure consists of a motor-driven rotor 5 and a stator 4 arranged on the inner wall of the shell 1, and the speed regulating structure comprises a winding rotor 6 and a permanent magnet rotor 7; the magnetic field of the stator 4 interacts with the magnetic field of the electric rotor 5 to transmit torque, and the magnetic field of the winding rotor 6 interacts with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet rotor 7 to transmit torque; the permanent magnet rotor 7 is fixedly connected with the electric rotor 5, the winding rotor 6 is fixedly connected with the output shaft 2, and the winding rotor 6, the permanent magnet rotor 7, the electric rotor 5 and the stator 4 are sequentially arranged along the radial direction of the output shaft 2; the stator 4 comprises a first core, a main winding 4a and an auxiliary winding 4b, the main winding 4a is used for being electrically connected with an external power supply 15, the auxiliary winding 4b is electrically connected with the control structure 3, the control structure 3 regulates the current or voltage of the winding rotor 6, and the slip power of the speed regulating structure is fed back to the auxiliary winding 4b of the stator 4 through the control structure 3.
The second embodiment is the same as the first embodiment in principle, except that:
the permanent magnet rotor 7 is fixed to the inner wall of the cylindrical body 81 and rotates together with the electric rotor 5, and the winding rotor 6 is fixedly connected to the output shaft 2. The winding rotor 6 is electrically connected with the control structure 3 through a collecting ring 11, a carbon brush 12 and a lead wire 13, one end of the output shaft 2 opposite to the connecting end 2a extends out of the second end cover 1b, and the collecting ring 11 is sleeved at one end of the output shaft 2 opposite to the connecting end 2 a.
The collecting ring 11 is arranged on the outer side of the shell 1, so that the collecting ring 11 is more convenient to maintain and replace, and the collecting ring 11 can be disassembled and assembled even on the installation site.
As shown in fig. 2, the permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor further includes a protective cover 14, the protective cover 14 is detachably connected with the second end cover 1b, and an end of the output shaft 2 opposite to the connection end 2a is located in the protective cover 14. The protective cover 14 protects the collector ring 11 and other elements located outside the housing 1, and the protective cover 14 can be removed when repair and replacement of the collector ring 11 are required.
Embodiment III:
as shown in fig. 3, a permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor according to a third embodiment of the present invention includes: the device comprises a shell 1, an output shaft 2, a control structure 3, an electric structure and a speed regulation structure; the motor-driven structure consists of a motor-driven rotor 5 and a stator 4 arranged on the inner wall of the shell 1, and the speed regulating structure comprises a winding rotor 6 and a permanent magnet rotor 7; the magnetic field of the stator 4 interacts with the magnetic field of the electric rotor 5 to transmit torque, and the magnetic field of the winding rotor 6 interacts with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet rotor 7 to transmit torque; the winding rotor 6 is fixedly connected with the electric rotor 5, the permanent magnet rotor 7 is fixedly connected with the output shaft 2, and the permanent magnet rotor 7, the winding rotor 6, the electric rotor 5 and the stator 4 are sequentially arranged along the radial direction of the output shaft 2; the stator 4 comprises a first core and a main winding 4a, the main winding 4a is electrically connected with an external power supply 15, the control structure 3 is electrically connected with the winding rotor 6, the control structure 3 regulates the current or voltage of the winding rotor 6, and the slip power of the speed regulating structure is fed back to the power grid through the control structure 3.
The electric rotor 5 may be a squirrel cage rotor or a permanent magnet rotor or a wound rotor, the preferred embodiment being a squirrel cage rotor, the electric rotor 5 comprising a second core and a squirrel cage conductor.
The winding rotor 6 comprises a third iron core and a speed regulating winding, and the winding rotor 6 is electrically connected with the control structure 3 through a collecting ring 11, a carbon brush 12 and a lead 13.
The permanent magnet rotor 7 includes a fourth core and a permanent magnet, which may be provided on the surface of the fourth core or embedded in the fourth core.
As shown in fig. 3, the permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor further includes a bearing frame 8 rotatably mounted inside the housing 1, the bearing frame 8 includes a cylindrical main body 81, a first end plate 82 and a second end plate 83, the cylindrical main body 81 is coaxially disposed with the output shaft 2, the first end plate 82 is connected to an end of the cylindrical main body 81 near the connection end 2a of the output shaft 2, the second end plate 83 is connected to an end of the cylindrical main body 81 far away from the connection end 2a of the output shaft 2, a first journal 84 extending outwardly is formed on the first end plate 82, a second journal 85 extending outwardly is formed on the second end plate 83, the first journal 84 is mounted on the first end cap 1a of the housing 1 through a first bearing 9, and the second journal 85 is mounted on the second end cap 1b of the housing 1 through a second bearing 10.
The electric rotor 5 is fixed on the outer wall of the cylindrical main body 81, the winding rotor 6 and the permanent magnet rotor 7 are positioned in the bearing frame 8, the winding rotor 6 is fixed on the inner wall of the cylindrical main body 81, and the permanent magnet rotor 7 is fixedly connected with the output shaft 2. The winding rotor 6 is electrically connected with the control structure 3 through the collecting ring 11, the carbon brush 12 and the lead 13, and the collecting ring 11 is sleeved on the second journal 85 and positioned at the non-driving end, so that the installation of the collecting ring 11 and the electrical connection of the winding rotor 6 and the collecting ring 11 are convenient, and the maintenance and the replacement are facilitated.
The output shaft 2 passes from the interior of the carrier 8 and through the respective apertures of the first and second journals 84, 85, the carrier 8 being rotatable relative to the output shaft 2, the winding rotor 6 and the permanent magnet rotor 7 being located inside the carrier 8 and between the carrier 8 and the output shaft 2. The electric rotor 5 and the winding rotor 6 are mounted on the carrier 8 such that rotation of the electric rotor 5 drives the winding rotor 6 and thus the output shaft 2 rotates therewith to transmit torque.
The working principle of the permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor in the third embodiment is described below:
an external power supply 15 supplies alternating current I through the main winding 4a of the terminal block pair 4 1 A rotating magnetic field is generated in the stator 4, and the synchronous rotation speed is n 0 . The conductor of the electric rotor 5 cuts the rotating magnetic field of the stator 4 to generate an induced current I 2 And thus a first induced magnetic field is generated in the electric rotor 5. The rotating magnetic field of the stator 4 interacts with the first induced magnetic field of the electric rotor 5 to transmit torque T 1 And a first electromagnetic power P e1 The electric rotor 5 rotates with the rotating magnetic field of the stator 4 at a rotation speed n 1 The output power is P e2 。
The electric rotor 5 rotates to drive the winding rotor 6 to synchronously rotate, and the rotating speeds of the two are the same. The winding rotor 6 and the permanent magnet rotor 7 relatively rotate, and a speed regulating winding in the winding rotor 6 cuts the permanent magnet field of the permanent magnet rotor 7 to generate induction current I 3 And thus a second induced magnetic field is generated in the winding rotor 6. The second induced magnetic field of the winding rotor 6 interacts with the permanent magnetic field of the permanent magnet rotor 7 to transfer torque T 2 And a second electromagnetic torque P e2 ' causing the permanent magnet rotor 7 to rotate at a rotational speed n 2 The output power is P 2 。
Control of the induced current I of the winding rotor 6 by the control structure 3 3 The torque transmitted by the output shaft 2 is controlled to adapt to the rotating speed requirement, and the speed regulation function is realized.
When the output rotation speed n of the output shaft 2 2 Lower than the rotational speed n of the electric rotor 5 1 And during the process, the slip power of the speed regulating structure is fed back to the power grid through the control structure 3, so that energy conservation is realized.
When the output rotation speed n of the output shaft 2 2 Higher than the rotational speed n of the electric rotor 5 1 In this case, the winding rotor is given by the control structure 36, the winding rotor 6 absorbs power to the power grid to realize speed increase.
As shown in fig. 5, the rotation speed, torque and power of the permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor meet the following conditions (mechanical loss, stray loss and winding rotor iron loss are ignored):
T 1 ＝T 2 ＝T
P e2 ＝P e2 ’＝kTn 1
P e1 ＝kTn 0 ，P e2 ＝kTn 1 ，P 2 ＝kTn 2 ，
P s ＝P e2 -P 2 -P cu3 ＝kT(n 1 -n 2 )-P cu3 ，
wherein k=1.0472, p cu1 For copper loss of stator 4, P Fe1 For the iron loss of stator 4, P cu2 For copper loss, P, of the electric rotor 5 cu3 For copper loss, P, of the winding rotor 6 s For the slip power of the speed regulation structure, m is the conductor phase number of the electric rotor 5, R 2 Is the internal resistance of the electric rotor 5.
As can be seen from fig. 5, in the third embodiment, the power loss of the stator 4 is only the internal resistance copper loss P of the stator 4 cu1 And iron loss P Fe1 The power loss of the electric rotor 5 is only the internal resistance copper loss of the electric rotor 5, and the rotation speed n of the electric rotor 5 1 Near synchronous speed n 0 The electric rotor 5 always operates at high speed and will slip power P s And feeding back to the power grid.
The electric rotor 5 of the third embodiment always operates at a high speed, the slip ratio s of the electric structure is basically unchanged, so that the electric structure is ensured to always operate at a high efficiency, and the permanent magnet speed regulating structure feeds back all slip power to the power grid except for self loss, so that the third embodiment has higher efficiency.
The third embodiment has wide speed regulation range and smooth speed regulation, and can keep rated torque running especially when the load runs at low speed.
The embodiment can realize the clutch function by simply controlling the ON/OFF state of the loop of the winding rotor 6 through the three-way control structure, and has no mechanical action and friction and abrasion.
In the embodiment, the magnitude of the induced current in the winding rotor 6 is regulated, the magnitude of the transmission torque is controlled, and the speed regulation and the soft start are realized.
The third embodiment has an overload protection function.
Embodiment three has a low voltage ride through capability. The voltage drop refers to a voltage variation phenomenon that the root mean square value of the voltage is reduced to 0.1-0.9 times of the rated voltage under the condition of power frequency voltage, and the duration time is short time ranging from 0.5 cycle to 1 minute. The low voltage ride through capability refers to the capability of a small power generation system to withstand a certain limit of grid low voltage in a certain short time without exiting operation, i.e., the capability of withstanding voltage drops. When the voltage drop occurs in the power grid, the third electric structure of the embodiment maintains the output torque unchanged, the current of the stator 4 is increased, and the side of the electric rotor 5 induces larger induction current, but the third electric structure of the embodiment can bear the power of the third electric structure and cannot be burnt due to shorter time and no power conversion device in the third electric structure of the embodiment. The winding rotor 6 of the third speed regulating structure is fixed inside the bearing frame 8 and rotates together with the electric rotor 5, the winding rotor 6 only bears the torque transmitted by the electric structure, the current induced by the speed regulating winding is only related to the slip between the permanent magnet rotor 7 and the winding rotor 6 and the transmitted torque, and is irrelevant to the power grid voltage or the stator current, so that the power grid voltage drop has no influence on the speed regulating structure and the control structure of the third embodiment.
The embodiment has short triaxial length, the overall length is equivalent to that of a common motor, and the embodiment is very beneficial to the improvement of an old system.
In the embodiment, the three bearings are provided with one shaft end, grease can be replaced by four bearings through two oil filling holes, and waste grease of the four bearings can be collected by only two waste grease boxes. The collecting ring 11 and the carbon brush 12 are arranged on the non-driving end, so that maintenance and replacement are facilitated.
The three-phase ratio frequency conversion speed regulation of the embodiment, in particular to a high-voltage frequency converter, has low cost.
Embodiment four:
as shown in fig. 4, a permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention includes: the device comprises a shell 1, an output shaft 2, a control structure 3, an electric structure and a speed regulation structure; the motor-driven structure consists of a motor-driven rotor 5 and a stator 4 arranged on the inner wall of the shell 1, and the speed regulating structure comprises a winding rotor 6 and a permanent magnet rotor 7; the magnetic field of the stator 4 interacts with the magnetic field of the electric rotor 5 to transmit torque, and the magnetic field of the winding rotor 6 interacts with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet rotor 7 to transmit torque; the permanent magnet rotor 7 is fixedly connected with the electric rotor 5, the winding rotor 6 is fixedly connected with the output shaft 2, and the winding rotor 6, the permanent magnet rotor 7, the electric rotor 5 and the stator 4 are sequentially arranged along the radial direction of the output shaft 2; the stator 4 comprises a first core and a main winding 4a, the main winding 4a is electrically connected with an external power supply 15, the control structure 3 is electrically connected with the winding rotor 6, the control structure 3 regulates the current or voltage of the winding rotor 6, and the slip power of the speed regulating structure is fed back to the power grid through the control structure 3.
The fourth embodiment is the same as the third embodiment in the principle, except that:
the permanent magnet rotor 7 is fixed to the inner wall of the cylindrical body 81 and rotates together with the electric rotor 5, and the winding rotor 6 is fixedly connected to the output shaft 2. The winding rotor 6 is electrically connected with the control structure 3 through a collecting ring 11, a carbon brush 12 and a lead wire 13, one end of the output shaft 2 opposite to the connecting end 2a extends out of the second end cover 1b, and the collecting ring 11 is sleeved at one end of the output shaft 2 opposite to the connecting end 2 a.
The collecting ring 11 is arranged on the outer side of the shell 1, so that the collecting ring 11 is more convenient to maintain and replace, and the collecting ring 11 can be disassembled and assembled even on the installation site.
As shown in fig. 4, the permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor further includes a protective cover 14, the protective cover 14 is detachably connected with the second end cover 1b, and an end of the output shaft 2 opposite to the connection end 2a is located in the protective cover 14. The protective cover 14 protects the collector ring 11 and other elements located outside the housing 1, and the protective cover 14 can be removed when repair and replacement of the collector ring 11 are required.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances. The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, and all the simple modifications belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In addition, the specific features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner, and in order to avoid unnecessary repetition, various possible combinations are not described further.
Moreover, any combination of the various embodiments of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which should also be considered as disclosed herein.
Claims (11)
1. A permanent magnet coupling speed motor, comprising: the device comprises a shell (1), an output shaft (2), a control structure (3), an electric structure and a speed regulation structure;
the motor-driven structure comprises a motor-driven rotor (5) and a stator (4) arranged on the inner wall of the shell (1), and the speed regulating structure comprises a winding rotor (6) and a permanent magnet rotor (7);
-the magnetic field of the stator (4) interacts with the magnetic field of the electric rotor (5) to transfer torque, -the magnetic field of the winding rotor (6) interacts with the magnetic field of the permanent magnet rotor (7) to transfer torque;
one of the winding rotor (6) and the permanent magnet rotor (7) is fixedly connected with the electric rotor (5), and the other is fixedly connected with the output shaft (2);
the control structure (3) is electrically connected with the winding rotor (6), and the control structure (3) regulates the current or voltage of the winding rotor (6);
the stator (4) is electrically connected with the control structure (3), and the slip power of the speed regulating structure is fed back to the stator (4) through the control structure (3).
2. The permanent magnet coupled speed regulating motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the stator (4) comprises a main winding (4 a) and an auxiliary winding (4 b), the main winding (4 a) is electrically connected with an external power source (15), the auxiliary winding (4 b) is electrically connected with the control structure (3), and when the rotation speed of the output shaft (2) is lower than the rotation speed of the electric rotor (5), the slip power of the speed regulating structure is fed back to the auxiliary winding (4 b) of the stator (4) through the control structure (3).
3. Permanent magnet coupling speed motor according to any of claims 1-2, characterized in that the winding rotor (6) is fixedly connected with the electric rotor (5), the permanent magnet rotor (7) being fixedly connected with the output shaft (2).
4. A permanent magnet coupled speed motor according to claim 3, characterized in that the permanent magnet rotor (7), the winding rotor (6), the electric rotor (5) and the stator (4) are arranged in sequence in the radial direction of the output shaft (2).
5. Permanent magnet coupling speed motor according to any of claims 1-2, characterized in that the permanent magnet rotor (7) is fixedly connected with the electric rotor (5), and the winding rotor (6) is fixedly connected with the output shaft (2).
6. The permanent magnet coupled speed motor according to claim 5, characterized in that the winding rotor (6), the permanent magnet rotor (7), the electric rotor (5) and the stator (4) are arranged in sequence in the radial direction of the output shaft (2).
7. The permanent magnet coupling speed motor according to any one of claims 1-2, further comprising a carrier rotatably mounted inside the housing, the carrier comprising a cylindrical body coaxially disposed with the output shaft, a first end plate connected to an end of the cylindrical body proximate to the connection end of the output shaft, a second end plate connected to an end of the cylindrical body distal from the connection end of the output shaft, the first end plate having an outwardly extending first journal formed thereon, and the second end plate having an outwardly extending second journal formed thereon, the first journal being mounted to a first end cap of the housing by a first bearing, the second journal being mounted to a second end cap of the housing by a second bearing.
8. The permanent magnet coupled speed motor according to claim 7, wherein the electric rotor is fixed to an outer wall of the cylindrical body, the winding rotor and the permanent magnet rotor are located inside the carrier, one of the winding rotor and the permanent magnet rotor is fixed to an inner wall of the cylindrical body, and the other is fixedly connected to the output shaft.
9. The permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor according to claim 7, wherein the winding rotor is electrically connected with the control structure through a slip ring, a carbon brush and a lead wire, and the slip ring is sleeved on the second journal.
10. The permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor according to claim 7, wherein the winding rotor is electrically connected with the control structure through a slip ring, a carbon brush and a lead wire, one end of the output shaft opposite to the connecting end extends out of the second end cover, and the slip ring is sleeved at one end of the output shaft opposite to the connecting end.
11. The permanent magnet coupling speed motor of claim 7 further comprising a protective cover removably coupled to the second end cap, an end of the output shaft opposite the coupling end being positioned within the protective cover.
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| CN201710595753.5A CN107317457B (en) | 2017-07-20 | 2017-07-20 | Permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor |
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| CN201710595753.5A CN107317457B (en) | 2017-07-20 | 2017-07-20 | Permanent magnet coupling speed regulating motor |
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| JP7280721B2 (en) * | 2019-03-12 | 2023-05-24 | 本田技研工業株式会社 | MOTOR UNIT AND MOTOR UNIT MANUFACTURING METHOD |
| CN111536060B (en) * | 2020-01-10 | 2022-06-07 | 爱景节能科技（上海）有限公司 | Permanent magnet coupling adjustment high-pressure air compressor |
| CN112460007A (en) * | 2020-08-19 | 2021-03-09 | 华能南京金陵发电有限公司 | Energy-saving speed regulating device and method for low-pressure-plus-drainage pump |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102810939A (en) * | 2012-08-13 | 2012-12-05 | 西安盾安电气有限公司 | Speed-self-regulating synchronous generating system |
| CN204993021U (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2016-01-20 | 江苏磁谷科技股份有限公司 | Magnetic coupling transmission of speed regulation by constant power operation and transmission of additional power |
| CN207053364U (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2018-02-27 | 江苏磁谷科技股份有限公司 | A kind of permanent magnet coupling buncher |
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2017
- 2017-07-20 CN CN201710595753.5A patent/CN107317457B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102810939A (en) * | 2012-08-13 | 2012-12-05 | 西安盾安电气有限公司 | Speed-self-regulating synchronous generating system |
| CN204993021U (en) * | 2015-08-06 | 2016-01-20 | 江苏磁谷科技股份有限公司 | Magnetic coupling transmission of speed regulation by constant power operation and transmission of additional power |
| CN207053364U (en) * | 2017-07-20 | 2018-02-27 | 江苏磁谷科技股份有限公司 | A kind of permanent magnet coupling buncher |
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