CN107061338A - A kind of fan condition real-time monitoring system - Google Patents
A kind of fan condition real-time monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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- CN107061338A CN107061338A CN201710393183.1A CN201710393183A CN107061338A CN 107061338 A CN107061338 A CN 107061338A CN 201710393183 A CN201710393183 A CN 201710393183A CN 107061338 A CN107061338 A CN 107061338A
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/001—Testing thereof; Determination or simulation of flow characteristics; Stall or surge detection, e.g. condition monitoring
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
- F04D27/008—Stop safety or alarm devices, e.g. stop-and-go control; Disposition of check-valves
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The fan condition real-time monitoring system of the present invention, including control module, dynamic parameter acquisition module, vibrational state detection module, communication module, alarm module, power supply module, memory module, electrical parameter acquisition module, described control module includes control chip STM32F407 controllers and its peripheral circuit, described dynamic parameter acquisition module, vibrational state detection module, communication module, alarm module, memory module, electrical parameter acquisition module is electrically connected respectively in control module, described power supply module is powered using outside DC24V, through being depressured the numeral ± 5V that chip conversion needs, 3.3V and simulation 5V.The system is based on good digital controller; realize pressure, air quantity, the rotary speed parameter to running blower fan; fan bearing, shaft vibration, blower fan bearing shell and cooling and lubricating oil temperature, blower motor power supply, electric current, power, power factor etc. are measured in real time, realize fan parameter monitoring and error protection purpose.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to fan condition monitoring field, and in particular to one kind is applied to fan condition real-time monitoring system.
Background technology
Blower fan is extensive in sector applications such as metallurgy, chemical industry, electric power as a kind of rotating machinery.Because blower fan is often played
Whether the important effect such as ventilation, dedusting, therefore, the running status of blower fan, blower fan break down, and operating index is
No qualified etc. factor be all enterprise it should be understood that content, current enterprise is for the monitoring of blower fan, and its control system typically adopts
The parameter of blower fan is monitored in real time with various kinds of sensors, programmable controller (PLC) and industrial computer, and by with
Upper interconnection plane, realizes the remotely monitor of blower fan, it is to avoid accident occurs.
A kind of conventional blower fan control system is given as shown in Figure 1, and the design of hardware and software of the system is：
1st, hardware design principle
1) measurement of fan speed：Measurement of fan speed typically uses frequency method.Frequency method in certain time with measuring object
The anglec of rotation carry out calculating speed.The rotating speed that contactless mode measures blower fan is carried out using photoelectric sensor or electromagnetic sensor,
Pulse or AC signal are input in PLC, have PLC to carry out rotating speed calculating, then be transported to host computer and be managed.
2) flow and wind pressure monitoring：Using drilling pressure taking method measurement blast, differential pressure measurement device measuring pressure difference is utilized.Survey
It is defeated that point selection by pressure sensor is converted into electric signal in main fan porch, by the pressure signal and pressure difference signal of acquirement
Enter to PLC, the blast and flow number of needs are converted in host computer.
3) vibration monitoring：In blower fan work, the vibration of blower fan causes vibration.Using acceleration transducer and currents sensing
Device carries out bearing and the vibration monitoring of rotating shaft, and vibration signal is sent into PLC analog input terminals, is carried out by PLC or host computer
Data try to achieve a vibration amplitude.
4) temperature monitoring：System RTD monitors the winding temperature and bearing temperature of fan electromotor, and every motor has
Two bearing temperature measuring points and three stator winding temperature measuring points, PLC analog input terminals, collection are accessed by temperature sensor
Operating temperature when motor works.
5) electric parameter is monitored：Fan operation electric parameter -- voltage, electric current, active power etc. are acquired, and enter sector-style
Electromechanical gas shielded.
2nd, Software for Design principle
1) system can the blast of real time on-line monitoring ventilation blower, air quantity, wind speed, temperature.
2) electric parameter of the supporting frequency converter of real time on-line monitoring and motor：Electric current, voltage, power, power factor etc..
3) parameter such as real time on-line monitoring blower fan start-stop signal, positive and negative rotaring signal, air door opening and closing signal.
4) system can show motor operation temperature in good time, according to temperature user's grease up.System energy automatic Memory wind
Machine run time.
5) blower fan dry run picture can be shown, the curve such as display in real time and drafting air quantity, blast.
6) Monitoring Data, alarm detail can in real time show, store, inquire about, print.
7) monitoring for protection with system support, monitoring system, realize that fan operation operating mode, the real-time of malfunction monitoring are supervised on the spot
Control；When blower fan is run under abnormal state, exportable alarm signal.
As can be seen here if necessary to be monitored in real time to fan operation parameter, then a huge system is needed, this is
The cost of system perhaps even more than ten times of several times of high blowing machine, this is that the general engineering for having fan operation be can not accept.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above problems, monitored in real time the invention provides a kind of relatively low and easy to use fan condition of cost
System, the system is based on good digital controller, is believed using the quick sampling A/D inside high performance controller, pwm pulse
The functions such as number generator, high speed outer are interrupted, capture high frequency pulse width circuit, are shaken using speed or acceleration with vortex with integral
Dynamic sensor, pressure, air quantity, the rotary speed parameter to running blower fan are realized with reference to peripheral Analogic Electronic Circuits, the bearing of blower fan, are turned
Shaft vibration, the bearing shell of blower fan and cooling and lubricating oil temperature, the measurement in real time such as motor power, electric current, power, the power factor of blower fan
Function is in one, to realize fan parameter monitoring and error protection purpose.
The present invention uses following technical scheme：
A kind of fan condition real-time monitoring system, including control module, dynamic parameter acquisition module, vibrational state detection mould
Block, communication module, alarm module, power supply module, memory module, electrical parameter acquisition module, described control module include control
Chip STM32F407 controllers and its peripheral circuit, described dynamic parameter acquisition module, vibrational state detection module, communication
Module, alarm module, memory module, electrical parameter acquisition module are electrically connected respectively in control module, and described power supply module is adopted
Powered with outside DC24V, through being depressured numeral ± 5V, 3.3V and simulation 5V that chip conversion needs.
Further, described memory module uses ferroelectric memory FM25040.
Further, described electrical parameter acquisition module includes chip ADE7758, resistor network, current transformer, resistance
Network collection voltages Data Concurrent is sent to chip ADE7758, and current transformer collection current data is simultaneously sent to chip
ADE7758, chip ADE7758 carry out data interaction by SPI serial ports and control chip.
Further, described dynamic parameter acquisition module include wind pressure parameter Acquisition Circuit, blast collection reference circuit,
Lubricating oil temperature measuring circuit, bearing temperature measuring circuit, the first multi-way switch circuit, the first differential amplifier circuit, filtering product
Divide amplifying circuit, comparison circuit, first switch switching circuit, the resistance that wind pressure parameter Acquisition Circuit includes being arranged on blower fan should
Become piece, the foil gauge is connected via the first constant pressure partial pressure difference channel with the first multi-way switch circuit, blast collection reference circuit
Including setting reference resistance foil gauge on circuit boards, the reference resistance foil gauge via the second constant pressure partial pressure difference channel with
First multi-way switch circuit is connected, and lubricating oil temperature measuring circuit and bearing temperature measuring circuit are utilized respectively a temperature detecting resistance
Measurement temperature value, and respectively via the 3rd constant pressure partial pressure difference channel and the 4th constant pressure partial pressure difference channel and the first variable connector
Circuit is connected；First variable connector connects filter integration amplification electricity by control chip control, and by the first differential amplifier circuit
Road and first switch switching circuit, filter integration amplification circuit output end connects first switch switching circuit respectively and comparison is electric
Road input, comparator circuit output end connects control chip pulsewidth and obtains port and external interrupt port, first switch respectively
Switching circuit output end connects control chip A/D ports and I/O ports respectively.
Further, described comparison circuit includes lagging circuit and dynamic comparer circuit, and lagging circuit input connects
Filter integration amplification circuit output end is connect, dynamic comparer circuit input end connects lagging circuit output end, filter integration and put respectively
Big circuit output end, dynamic comparer circuit output end connects control chip A/D ports and I/O ports respectively.
Further, described vibrational state detection module includes at least one speed probe acquisition module, at least
One eddy current probe acquisition module, the second variable connector, the second differential amplifier circuit, second switch handover module, low frequency filtering
Module, High frequency filter module, smothing filtering amplifying circuit, described speed probe acquisition module and eddy current probe acquisition module are equal
Using integral sensor as acquisition elements, speed probe acquisition module is connected with the second variable connector input, and vortex is visited
Head acquisition module connects smothing filtering amplification circuit output end and the second variable connector input, smothing filtering amplifying circuit respectively
Input connects the PWM output ports of control chip, and the second variable connector output end passes through the second differential amplifier circuit connection the
The input of two switch handover modules, the output end of second switch handover module connects low frequency filtering module input and height respectively
Frequency filtration module input, low frequency filtering module output end and High frequency filter module output end connect one of control chip respectively
A/D ports, the second variable connector and second switch handover module connect an I/O output port of control chip respectively.
Further, described integral sensor includes sensor body, and the measurement end of sensor body is opened for upper end
Mouthful cavity body structure, upper lid is provided with opening, upper lid provided with line outlet, inside cavity be arranged in parallel the first partition and second every
Piece, the upper end of the first partition is provided with resistance strain gage, and weight is provided between the first partition and the second partition, and weight passes through the first bullet
Spring and the first partition lower end are affixed, and weight is affixed by second spring and the second partition upper end；Being connected with for measurement end is hollow
Extension tube, extension tube is provided with fixing nut and fixed screw thread close to the outer wall of measurement end, and the lower end of extension tube is connected with probe,
Provided with two wires in sensor, a wire two ends connection resistance strain gage and line outlet, the short connection of another wire two are visited
Head and line outlet.
Further, described speed probe acquisition module also includes a constant pressure partial pressure difference channel, the constant pressure partial pressure
The output end of difference channel input termination integral sensor, the constant pressure partial pressure difference channel output end connects the second variable connector
Input port.
Further, described eddy current probe acquisition module also includes filter circuit and LC vibrating circuits, integral type sensing
Device connects the second variable connector input port by filter circuit, and connects smothing filtering amplifying circuit by LC vibrating circuits
Output port.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
1st, the modular circuit modularization, cost is low, digitlization, intelligent height；The module also has vibrating failure diagnosis, number
The functions such as word data transfer, the application of the module plays important work to fan industry safety, energy-conserving and environment-protective, high-efficiency operation
With while being greatly saved monitoring device cost, compared with similar monitoring device, its cost is only some thousandths of.
2nd, in dynamic parameter acquisition module, comparison circuit uses dynamic comparer, when the signal letter of ascent stage input always
Number be positive signal, when signal be in decline stage input signal be negative signal, formed formed with signal fluctuation square-wave pulse.Together
When, in order to eliminate shake, power up and hold in pulse output end, it is ensured that the authenticity of square wave.
3rd, speed or acceleration and the vibrating sensor of vortex and one have been invented, the integral sensor is simple in construction,
Cost is low, is easily installed, and the speed or acceleration of bear vibration and the vibration amplitude of bearing can be measured using a measuring point
With frequency or spectral characteristic, vibration measuring point and number of sensors can be simplified.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is conventional blower control system theory diagram；
Fig. 2 is present system theory diagram；
Fig. 3 is dynamic parameter acquisition module theory structure block diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is Vibration Condition Monitoring module principle structured flowchart of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is control module circuit theory diagrams of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is memory module circuit theory diagrams of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is reference voltage circuit schematic diagram in common-battery module of the present invention；
Fig. 8 is the circuit theory diagrams of the first constant pressure partial pressure difference channel of the invention；
Fig. 9 is the circuit theory diagrams of the first variable connector of the invention and the first differential amplifier circuit；
Figure 10 is the circuit theory diagrams of filter integration amplifying circuit of the present invention and comparison circuit；
Figure 11 is the structure chart of integral sensor of the present invention；
Figure 12 is the scheme of installation of integral sensor of the present invention；
Figure 13 is the circuit theory diagrams of one vortex acquisition module of the present invention；
Figure 14 is the circuit theory diagrams of smothing filtering amplifying circuit of the present invention；
Figure 15 is the circuit theory diagrams of second switch switching circuit of the present invention；
Figure 16 is the circuit theory diagrams of low frequency filtering module of the present invention；
Figure 17 is the circuit theory diagrams of High frequency filter module of the present invention；
Figure 18 is two kinds of oscillating curve schematic diagrames of eddy current sensor of the present invention；
Figure 19 is velocity sensor oscillating curve schematic diagram.
In Figure 11：Covered on 1,2 foil gauges, 3 first partitions, 4 weights, 5 first springs, 6 second springs, 7 second partitions, 8
Fixing nut, 9 fix screw thread, 10 extension tubes, 11 probes, 12 line outlets；
In Figure 12：13 sensor bodies, 14 bearing shells, 15 rotating shafts.
Embodiment
In order to be better understood from the invention, explanation is explained in detail in the realization principle below for the present invention.
As shown in Fig. 2 a kind of fan condition real-time monitoring system, including control module, dynamic parameter acquisition module, vibration
State detection module, communication module, alarm module, power supply module, memory module, electrical parameter acquisition module, described control mould
Block includes control chip STM32F407 controllers and its peripheral circuit, described dynamic parameter acquisition module, vibrational state detection
Module, communication module, alarm module, memory module, electrical parameter acquisition module are electrically connected respectively in control module, described confession
Electric module is powered using outside DC24V, through being depressured numeral ± 5V, 3.3V and simulation 5V that chip conversion needs.
Electrical parameter acquisition module is using the professional integrated chips of ADE7758 as the system core.The chip is a kind of special metering
Chip can complete the measurement task of parameters of electric power, pass through corresponding aid SPI serial ports and STM32F407 data signal controls
Device processed can both read the parameters such as voltage, electric current, frequency, the power of motor from special chip ADE7758 register.Electricity
Pressure measuring loop is realized using resistor network, to save voltage transformer, reduces cost, electric current uses current transformer, its
Measurement range is pressed depending on power of motor.
The system has the output of two-way relay, all the way fault alarm, and alarm module includes triode and buzzer, all the way
The control of motor switch, can realize error protection with automatic trip in case of a fault.The system is carried out with host computer
RS485 communicate, the setting of module parameter can be carried out by host computer, on host computer can real time motor parameter real-time display.
Dynamic parameter acquisition module as shown in Figure 3 includes wind pressure parameter Acquisition Circuit, blast collection reference circuit, lubrication
Oil temperature measuring circuit, bearing temperature measuring circuit, the first multi-way switch circuit, the first differential amplifier circuit, filter integration are put
Big circuit, comparison circuit, first switch switching circuit, wind pressure parameter Acquisition Circuit include the resistance-strain being arranged on blower fan
Piece, the foil gauge is connected via the first constant pressure partial pressure difference channel with the first multi-way switch circuit, blast collection reference circuit bag
Include and reference resistance foil gauge on circuit boards is set, the reference resistance foil gauge is via the second constant pressure partial pressure difference channel and the
One multi-way switch circuit is connected, and lubricating oil temperature measuring circuit and bearing temperature measuring circuit are utilized respectively a temperature detecting resistance survey
Amount temperature value, and respectively via the 3rd constant pressure partial pressure difference channel and the 4th constant pressure partial pressure difference channel and the first variable connector electricity
Road is connected；First variable connector connects filter integration amplifying circuit by control chip control, and by the first differential amplifier circuit
With first switch switching circuit, filter integration amplification circuit output end connects first switch switching circuit and comparison circuit respectively
Input, comparator circuit output end connects control chip pulsewidth and obtains port and external interrupt port respectively, and first switch is cut
Change circuit output end and connect control chip A/D ports and I/O ports respectively.
Wherein, comparison circuit includes lagging circuit and dynamic comparer circuit, lagging circuit input connection filter integration
Amplification circuit output end, dynamic comparer circuit input end connects lagging circuit output end, the output of filter integration amplifying circuit respectively
End, dynamic comparer circuit output end connects control chip A/D ports and I/O ports respectively.
Vibrational state detection module as shown in Figure 4 include at least one speed probe acquisition module, at least one
Eddy current probe acquisition module, the second variable connector, the second differential amplifier circuit, second switch handover module, low frequency filtering module,
High frequency filter module, smothing filtering amplifying circuit, described speed probe acquisition module and eddy current probe acquisition module are used
Integral sensor is connected as acquisition elements, speed probe acquisition module with the second variable connector input, and eddy current probe is adopted
Collection module connects smothing filtering amplification circuit output end and the second variable connector input, the input of smothing filtering amplifying circuit respectively
The PWM output ports of end connection control chip, the second variable connector output end is opened by the second differential amplifier circuit connection second
The input of handover module is closed, the output end of second switch handover module connects low frequency filtering module input and high frequency filter respectively
Ripple module input, low frequency filtering module output end and High frequency filter module output end connect an A/D of control chip respectively
Port, the second variable connector and second switch handover module connect an I/O output port of control chip respectively.Described speed
Degree probe acquisition module also includes a constant pressure partial pressure difference channel, and the constant pressure partial pressure difference channel input connects integral type sensing
The output end of device, the constant pressure partial pressure difference channel output end connects the input port of the second variable connector.Described eddy current probe
Acquisition module also includes filter circuit and LC vibrating circuits, and it is defeated that integral sensor connects the second variable connector by filter circuit
Inbound port, and pass through the output port of LC vibrating circuits connection smothing filtering amplifying circuit.
Below, the particular circuit configurations of the application are illustrated with reference to other accompanying drawings.
Control chip as shown in Figure 5 uses STM32F047 digital signal controllers, control chip the 94th, 37,20,10,
27th, 74,99 pins are grounded, control chip the 100th, 75,50,28,22,21,19,11,6 pins connect 3.3V direct currents
Pressure；The peripheral circuit of control chip includes active crystal oscillator Y1, electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2, electric capacity C3, active crystal oscillator Y1 the 3rd pin
The 12nd pin of control chip is connect, active crystal oscillator Y1 the 4th pin directly connects 3.3V DC voltages, active crystal oscillator Y1 the 4th
Pin connects the pin of control chip the 14th by resistance R1, and active crystal oscillator Y1 second pins by electric capacity C4 by connecing 3.3V direct currents
Voltage, active crystal oscillator Y1 second pins connect the pin of control chip the 14th by electric capacity C24, and active crystal oscillator Y1 second pins are straight
Ground connection；Electric capacity C1 mono- terminates the pin of control chip the 73rd, electric capacity C1 other ends ground connection；Electric capacity C2 mono- terminates control chip
49th pin, electric capacity C2 other ends ground connection；Electric capacity C3 mono- terminates the pin of control chip the 14th, another terminations of electric capacity C3
Ground.
As shown in fig. 6, memory module uses ferroelectric memory FM25040, ferroelectric memory stores a large amount of vibration signals, is
Spectral characteristic, accident analysis is carried out later to lay the first stone.
As shown in fig. 7, reference voltage circuit includes chip U3, chip U3 uses ref3012 chips, voltage chips U3 first
Pin is grounded, and voltage chips U3 second pin meets+5V DC voltages, and connection polar capacitor C8 positive poles and electric capacity C9 respectively
One end, polar capacitor C8 negative poles and the electric capacity C9 other ends are grounded, and the pins of voltage chips U3 the 3rd connect catching diode respectively
D1 one end, polar capacitor C6 positive poles, electric capacity C7 one end, the catching diode D1 other ends, polar capacitor C6 negative poles, electric capacity C7 are another
End is grounded.
It is illustrated in figure 8 the circuit theory diagrams of the first constant pressure partial pressure difference channel, other constant pressure partial pressure difference channels
Using this structure, the first constant pressure partial pressure difference channel includes resistance R2, and the termination reference voltage output ends of resistance R2 mono-, resistance R2 is another
One end connects electric capacity C11 one end, electric capacity C10 one end, resistance R3 one end, resistance strain gage one end, another terminations of electric capacity C11 respectively
Ground, the electric capacity C10 other ends difference connecting resistance foil gauge other end, electric capacity C13 one end, resistance R4 one end, resistance R5 one end, electric capacity
The C13 other ends, the resistance R4 other ends are grounded, and the resistance R5 other ends connect electric capacity C14 one end and the first variable connector, electric capacity respectively
The C14 other ends are grounded, and the resistance R3 other ends connect electric capacity C12 one end and the first variable connector, electric capacity C12 other ends ground connection respectively.
It is illustrated in figure 9 in the circuit theory diagrams of the first variable connector and the first differential amplifier circuit, figure, the first multichannel is opened
Pass includes chip U4, and chip U4 uses CD4052 chips, and the pins of chip U4 the 6th and the 8th pin are grounded, chip U4 the 16th
Pin connects+5V DC voltages, and the pins of chip U4 the 3rd and the 13rd pin connect differential amplifier circuit, and the pins of chip U4 the 7th connect-
5V voltages simultaneously connect polar capacitor C18 negative poles, electric capacity C19 one end respectively, and polar capacitor C18 positive poles, the electric capacity C19 other ends connect
Ground.
First differential amplifier circuit include chip U5, chip U5 use difference amplifier AD620, the pins of chip U5 first and
Resistance R0 is provided between 8th pin, the pins of chip U5 the 3rd are grounded by electric capacity C17, and the pins of chip U5 the 3rd meet chip U4
3rd pin, chip U5 second pins are grounded by electric capacity C20, and chip U5 second pins connect the pins of chip U4 the 13rd, core
The pins of piece U5 the 4th connect -5V voltages, electric capacity C21 one end, polar capacitor C22 negative poles, the electric capacity C21 other ends, polar capacitor respectively
C22 positive poles and the pins of chip U5 the 5th are grounded, and the pins of chip U5 the 6th connect filter integration amplifying circuit, and chip U5 the 7th draws
Pin connects polar capacitor C16 positive poles ,+5V voltages, electric capacity C15 one end respectively, and polar capacitor C16 negative poles, the electric capacity C15 other ends connect
Ground.
It is filter integration amplifying circuit and comparison circuit as shown in Figure 10, filter integration amplifying circuit includes chip U6, core
Piece U6 uses operational amplifier MAX4416, and chip U6 second pins difference connecting resistance R7 one end, electric capacity C24 one end, resistance R7 are another
One end connects electric capacity C23 one end, the pins of chip U6 first respectively, and the electric capacity C23 other ends meet the electric capacity C24 other ends, resistance R6 respectively
One end, resistance R8 one end, resistance R6 the first differential amplifier circuits of another termination, resistance R8 other ends ground connection；Chip U6 the 3rd draws
Pin is grounded；The pins of chip U6 the 8th connect+5V voltages, polar capacitor C27 positive poles, electric capacity C28 one end respectively, and polar capacitor C27 is born
Pole, the electric capacity C28 other ends are grounded；The pins of chip U6 the 4th connect respectively -5V voltages, electric capacity C25 one end, polar capacitor C26 bear
Pole, the electric capacity C25 other ends, polar capacitor C26 positive poles are grounded；The pins of chip U6 first connect respectively control chip A/D ports with
And comparator circuit input.
Comparison circuit includes dynamic comparer circuit and lagging circuit, and lagging circuit includes electric capacity C29, resistance R12, dynamic
Comparator circuit includes chip U7, and chip U7 uses high-frequency amplifier MAX987, second pin difference connecting resistance R12 one end, electricity
Hold C29 one end, resistance R10 one end, the resistance R12 other ends, the electric capacity C29 other ends are grounded, another chip termination U6 of resistance R10
First pin；The pins of chip U7 the 3rd difference connecting resistance R9 one end, resistance R11 one end, another chip termination U6 first of resistance R9
Pin, the resistance R11 other ends connect the pin of control chip the 31st, the pins of chip U7 the 6th respectively；The pins of chip U7 the 4th connect
Ground；The pins of chip U7 the 6th connect voltage-regulator diode D2 negative poles, the pin of control chip the 82nd, polar capacitor C31 positive poles respectively,
Voltage-regulator diode D2 positive poles, polar capacitor C31 negative poles are grounded；The pins of chip U7 the 7th connect+5V voltages, polar capacitor respectively
C30 positive poles, polar capacitor C30 negative poles ground connection.
Foregoing circuit contains the main circuit of dynamic parameter acquisition module substantially, in order to more accurately embody dynamic ginseng
The design idea of number acquisition module, the design principle below for dynamic parameter acquisition module is described in detail.
Blower fan is many by difference in functionality classification, and such as blower fan air blower has two major classes, and a class is to be " cfentrifugal blower ", it
Principle when being due to blower fan work inside draught fan impeller rotate at a high speed, the air in Fan casing is produced centrifugal force and is got rid of
From draught fan impeller, by air outlet by " force feed " blowing machine；Equations of The Second Kind is to be " axial flow blower ", and its operation principle is：It is this
Blower fan is as electric fan, and the face of its blade and fan shaft have an angle, when rotated, and blade yearns for air direct-axis
Air outlet " is pushed away ", and certain negative pressure is formed in air inlet, and new air is also just added into, is so also maintained for
The state of normal work.
But, all it is that air quantity is transmitted by blade, due to the quantity of fan blade more than one regardless of the blower fan of type
It is individual, so wind is different in the position of the relative fan blade of blast of certain point.It follows that installing a pressure in spiral case point
Piece, the fan parameter of blast, wind speed, air quantity, rotating speed can be extrapolated by the situation of change of pressure plate.
Manufacturer's production blower fan period selection installs a resistance strain gage in the appropriate position of spiral case one, reserves wiring
End.Because resistance strain gage cost is very low, so blower fan price is not almost influenceed, but to being brought with the parameter monitoring of rear fan
Greatly facilitate, also bring the benefit of correlation.
Entirely the function realization principle of dynamic parameter acquisition module is：Resistance strain gage is by constant pressure point on the blower fan of installation
It is amplified after pressure difference parallel circuit by difference amplifier, then filtered integration amplification forms smooth curve, the curve signal point
Into two-way：One route digital signal controller is carried out at high speed sampling, and CPU tries to achieve partial pressure according to series of algorithms；Another road is entered
Enter dynamic comparer formation square wave, digital signal controller can be in the hope of change frequency by external interrupt caused by square wave, side
The pulsewidth of ripple can be tried to achieve by digital signal controller.According to these parameters can in the hope of the blast of blower fan, wind speed, air quantity, turn
Speed.Meanwhile, to realize self calibration, design and blower fan resistance strain gage identical reference resistance foil gauge are as fixed on circuit boards
Phase calibrates circuit.
The design or choosing principles of key component are in circuit：
The blast curve of resistance strain gage is change, so the comparator of definite value can not be used, to realize the function,
Comparator circuit uses dynamic comparer, and the dynamic comparer principle is as extreme value conversion cut off value, that is, to work as signal using C34
Ascent stage input signal is positive signal always, is negative signal when signal is in decline stage input signal, is formed with signal wave
Dynamic square-wave pulse.In order to eliminate shake, it is necessary to which C35 is held in pulse output end power-up again, it is ensured that the authenticity of square wave.
A/D sample rates inside STM32F407 digital signal controllers reach 2.4MHZ, and the rotating speed highest of blower fan is general
3000 revs/min, frequency is 50HZ, and circling needs the time to be 20ms, if the blower fan band is compared with multiple fan blade 30, each fan blade
Region by the time of pressure spot be 667us, 2.4MHZ A/D samples, then can sample 278 points, remove A/D's
Start the shut-in time, can also be sampled more than 200 point, and the image of this wave band can be accurately described completely.
Being interrupted using external interrupt INT and internal timing can be easy to try to achieve the frequency f of each fan blade, by f divided by fan blade
Number is exactly the rotating speed of blower fan.
TO pins are to obtain pulse width -- air quantity is from minimum to the maximum time.
The general resistance strain gage response time is 107s, and the semiconductor-type foil gauge response time reaches 1011s, so resistance should
Become the requirement that piece meets blower fan frequency.
In specific measurement, the setting for parameter gives a kind of reference：In circuit, it is that PA6 is used as detection by TO
Square wave high level time, PA6 reusables are the passage 1 of timer 3 here." passage 1 " of timer 3 is that rising edge is examined for setting first
Survey, so, when detecting rising edge, the value of timer conter is reset, and set that " passage 1 " of timer 3 is trailing edge inspection
Survey, so, when detecting trailing edge, the value of record now timer conter, when this value can be according to the timing of timer
Between calculate the time value between rising edge and trailing edge, this time value is exactly high pulse width △ t, wind is tried to achieve using the value
Measure parameter.
The reference formula of calculating is as follows：
It is known：F=ma；M is the quality of wind, and a is acceleration.
Thus the formula of wind speed：V=at=Ft/m=K1(F2-F1)Δt；K1 is coefficient.
The pressure of blower fan：FP=(F2-F1)/2；F1 is minimum air quantity, and F2 is maximum quantity of wind, and Kp is average pressure.
Air quantity：Q=K2VS；S is the discharge area of blower fan, and K2 is coefficient.
Although above formula accurate can not must reflect the parameter of blower fan, blower fan can be described during fan operation by using
Three parameters, K1, K2 value are subject in implementation process suitably to calibrate.
For the design of Vibration Condition Monitoring module, the application employs following design philosophy：
According to faraday electromagnetic induction principle, metallic conductor be placed in alternating magnetic field or when, will produce in conductor in being vortexed
The induced-current of shape, this electric current is referred to as eddy current effect current vortex, above phenomenon.Current vortex sensor operation principle is exactly electricity
Eddy current effect.When connecting sensing system power supply, a high-frequency signal can be produced in fore-lying device, the signal is sent by cable
To the head of probe, alternating magnetic field is produced in head, changes the amplitude and phase of probe head coil high-frequency electric current, that is, changes
The effective impedance of coil is become.The quartz crystal using high accuracy, high stability of conventional vortex sensor is steady to provide frequency
Fixed high frequency 1MHZ signals, to encourage the shunt-resonant circuit being made up of cell winding L and electric capacity C, fore-lying device is by signal width
Value changes are converted into direct current signal.
According to the principle, the present invention is produced than conventional method more precision, more steady using high performance digital signal controller
Fixed high frequency 1MHZ signals, the signal is amplified, and high frequency, low frequency filtering produce the signal of two-way：It is all the way static amplitude, is
State wavy curve.The two paths of signals can be sampled by the simulation A/D of digital signal controller, can be in the hope of quiet through algorithm process
State displacement, vibration amplitude, vibration frequency and rumble spectrum characteristic.
For the concrete structure of Vibration Condition Monitoring module, it is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Integral sensor as shown in figure 11 includes sensor body, and the measurement end of sensor body is upper end open
Be provided with upper lid 1 at cavity body structure, opening, upper lid is provided with line outlet 12, inside cavity be arranged in parallel the first partition 3 and second every
Piece 7, the upper end of the first partition is provided with resistance strain gage 2, is provided with weight 4 between the first partition and the second partition, and weight passes through the
One spring 5 and the first partition lower end are affixed, and weight is affixed by second spring 6 and the second partition upper end；Measurement end is connected with
Hollow extension tube 10, extension tube is provided with fixing nut 8 and fixed screw thread 9, the lower end of extension tube close to the outer wall of measurement end
It is connected with probe 11, sensor provided with two wires, a wire two ends connection resistance strain gage and line outlet, another is led
The short connection probe of line two and line outlet.
According to fan vibration specifications of surveys, the rotating shaft measurement sensor of blower fan is typically mounted at bearing both sides and vertical and water
Equal orientation at 45 °；And the absolute vibration value measurement of bearing is typically using sensor and bearing upright position.Based on this, such as Figure 12
Shown, the two ends appropriate location in the both sides of bearing is each to install vibration integral sensor, and the sensor body 13 runs through bearing shell
14, probe approaches rotating shaft 15, and sensor and the angle in horizontal vertical direction are 45 °, and the integral sensor is worked as and 45 ° of peaces of level
When on bearing, the direction of vibration reforms into vertical direction.
It is the circuit gathered for eddy current sensor as shown in figure 13, including filter circuit and LC vibrating circuits, filter
Wave circuit is made up of resistance R13, resistance R14, inductance L1, electric capacity C32, electric capacity C33, and LC vibrating circuits are by resistance R15, resistance
R16, resistance R17, resistance R18, triode Q1 compositions.
As shown in figure 14, described smothing filtering amplifying circuit includes filter amplification circuit and range-adjusting circuit, filtering
Amplifying circuit includes triode Q2, and range-adjusting circuit includes slide rheostat R19, triode Q2 base stage connection control chip
PWM port, and be grounded by resistance R20, triode Q2 colelctor electrodes connect LC vibrating circuits, triode Q2 current collections by electric capacity C35
Pole connects electric capacity C34 one end and inductance L2 one end, and the electric capacity C34 other ends and the inductance L2 other ends meet VCC；Triode Q2 launches
Pole is grounded by slide rheostat R19.
As shown in figure 15, described switch handover module includes chip U8, and chip U8 uses ADG619 chips, chip U8 the
One pin connects electric capacity C36 one end, resistance R21 one end respectively, and the resistance R21 other ends, the electric capacity C36 other ends, chip U8 the 5th draw
Pin, the pins of chip U8 the 3rd are grounded, and the pins of chip U8 the 6th connect control chip I/O ports, and the pins of chip U8 the 4th meet VCC simultaneously
It is grounded by electric capacity C37, the pins of chip U8 the 7th meet VCC and are grounded by electric capacity C38, the pins of chip U8 the 8th connect low frequency filtering
Module, chip U8 second pins connect High frequency filter module.
As shown in figure 16, described low frequency filtering module includes low-frequency filter and filter integration amplifying circuit, low frequency filter
Ripple device includes chip U9, and chip U9 is amplifier LT1057, and filter integration amplifying circuit includes chip U10, and chip U10 is put for computing
Big device MAX4416；Chip U9 second pins difference connecting resistance R22 one end, resistance R23 one end, resistance R22 other ends ground connection, electricity
Hinder another pins of chip termination U9 first of R23；The pins of chip U9 the 3rd connect electric capacity C40 one end, resistance R24 one end, electric capacity respectively
Another pins of chip termination U10 first of C40, the resistance R24 other ends connect electric capacity C39 one end, resistance R21 one end, electric capacity C39 respectively
Another pins of chip termination U10 first, another termination second switch handover modules of resistance R21；Chip U10 second pins connect respectively
Resistance R27 one end, electric capacity C42 one end, the resistance R27 other ends connect electric capacity C41 one end, the pins of chip U10 first, electric capacity respectively
The C41 other ends connect the electric capacity C42 other ends, resistance R25 one end, resistance R26 one end, another chip termination U10 of resistance R26 respectively
One pin, another pins of chip termination U9 first of resistance R25；The pins of chip U10 the 3rd connect the pins of chip U10 first；Chip U10
8th pin connects+5V voltages, polar capacitor C43 positive poles, electric capacity C44 one end respectively, and polar capacitor C43 negative poles, electric capacity C44 are another
End connects the pins of chip U10 first；The pins of chip U10 the 4th connect respectively -5V voltages, electric capacity C46 one end, polar capacitor C45 bear
Pole, the electric capacity C46 other ends, polar capacitor C45 positive poles connect the pins of chip U10 first；The pins of chip U10 first connect control chip
A/D ports.
As shown in figure 17, described High frequency filter module includes high-frequency filter circuit and active full wave rectifier filter, high
Frequency filter circuit includes chip U11, and chip U11 is amplifier LT1057, and active full wave rectifier filter includes chip U12 and chip
U13, chip U12 and chip U13 are amplifier LT1057；Chip U11 second pins difference connecting resistance R28 one end, resistance R29 mono-
End, resistance R28 other ends ground connection, another pins of chip termination U11 first of resistance R29；The pins of chip U11 the 3rd connect electric capacity respectively
C48 one end, resistance R31 one end, electric capacity C48 other ends difference connecting resistance R30 one end, electric capacity C47 one end, the resistance R30 other ends
Connect the pins of chip U11 first, another termination switch handover modules of electric capacity C47, resistance R31 other ends ground connection；Chip U12 the 3rd draws
Pin is grounded by resistance R36, and chip U12 second pins connect diode D3 negative poles, resistance R32 one end, resistance R35 one end respectively,
Diode D3 positive poles connect the pins of chip U12 first, diode D4 negative poles respectively, and the resistance R32 other ends meet chip U11 first respectively
Pin, resistance R33 one end, resistance R33 other ends difference connecting resistance R34 one end, electric capacity C49 one end, chip U13 second pins,
The resistance R34 other end, the electric capacity C49 other ends connect the pins of chip U13 first, and the resistance R35 other ends are meeting diode D4 just respectively
Pole, resistance R37 one end, another chip termination U13 second pins of resistance R37, the pins of chip U13 the 3rd are grounded by resistance R38,
The pins of chip U13 first connect polar capacitor C50 positive poles, control chip A/D ports, polar capacitor C50 negative poles ground connection respectively.
The overall measuring principle of system is：
According to fan vibration specifications of surveys, the vertically vibration measuring of 2 eddy current sensors and 2 is installed typically on bearing
Velocity sensor, thus we design the interface circuit of 2 road integral sensors.
The schematic diagram is two integral sensor schematic diagrams, and the 1MHZ frequencies of vortex have the PWM of controller by smooth
Filter amplification circuit is supplied to two LC oscillation circuits, to provide stable frequency signal to per being exaggerated in all the way again,
LC oscillation circuits through parallel line to probe, while LC output end is filtered off by centre frequency 1.1MHZ filter circuit high
Frequency signal.Below 1.1MHZ signal is divided into two-way through differential amplification：High frequency filter, carries out active full wave rectification, output all the way
Direct current signal is used by the A/D of digital signal controller, tries to achieve probe and the distance of rotating shaft；Another road signal is filtered by low frequency
Ripple, filters off high frequency 1MHZ frequency signal, and filtered integrating amplification circuit obtains smooth curve, and the high-speed a/d of controller is adopted
Data processing is carried out after using, vibration amplitude, vibration frequency, spectral characteristic is tried to achieve.
Speed or acceleration probe are after constant pressure partial pressure difference channel, by variable connector timesharing by difference amplifier, then by
Low frequency filtering is passed through in commutator timesharing, and filtered integration amplifies to form smooth curve, is gathered by A/D inside controller, warp
Vibration amplitude, vibration frequency, spectral characteristic, speed and amount of acceleration are tried to achieve in data processing.
In actual measurement process, eddy current sensor is non-contacting, and the spacing apart from rotating shaft is indefinite, it may occur that
Two kinds of curve conditions, are exactly that amplitude peak is lower at the over center position or in side, as shown in figure 18.Speed or acceleration transducer
Can only be in equilbrium position both sides, and the amplitude of both sides has difference, as shown in figure 19.
By taking Figure 18 as an example, if the amplitude of amplitude is respectively A1, A2, the vibration period is T, the equilbrium position of eddy current sensor away from
It is S from central shaft, thus can derives displacement, speed and acceleration magnitude, specific calculating process is as follows：
Vibration amplitude：Work as A2When >=0：A=A1-A2；Work as A2When≤0：A=A1+|A2| (1)；A1, A2 are extreme values；
Vibration frequency：F=1/T (2) T is the vibration period；
Static displacement works as A2When >=0：S=A/2+A2；As A2≤0：S=A/2- | A2| (3)；S is absolute displacement；
Vibration velocity：V=A/T (4)；
Vibration acceleration：V=(V2-V1)/T (5)；V1, V2 are adjacent speed.
The implementation process of whole system is：
Resistance strain gage is arranged on the inside of blower fan on appropriate location, installed in best manufacturer's production process, will
Foil gauge two ends are connected with the measurement module.Two PT100 temperature transducers are arranged on the survey bearing left in advance and cooling
In the measurement point of oil, four lines are connected with the measurement module.Found in the both sides of bearing reserved in advance at 45 ° with upright position
Survey shaft vibration two measurement points install two integrated transducers, eight lines of 2 sensors are connected with module.Will
The three-phase voltage of motor is connected with the measurement module, the potential and current transformers output end and measurement module of threephase motor
It is connected.
Necessary preceding parameter setting is carried out by host computer and sensor is adjusted, can be worked after upper electricity, if necessary to display then
It is that host computer and measurement module real-time communication can be achieved to be installed in host computer using matched software, and wind is shown in host computer
The parameter of machine operation.
It should be pointed out that embodiment described above can make those skilled in the art that the present invention is more fully understood
Concrete structure, but do not limit the invention in any way create.Therefore, although specification and drawings and examples are to the present invention
Creation has been carried out detailed description, it will be understood by those skilled in the art, however, that still can be repaiied to the invention
Change or equivalent substitution；And technical scheme and its improvement of all spirit and scope for not departing from the invention, it is covered
Among the protection domain of the invention patent.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of fan condition real-time monitoring system, it is characterised in that including control module, dynamic parameter acquisition module, vibration
State detection module, communication module, alarm module, power supply module, memory module, electrical parameter acquisition module, described control mould
Block includes control chip STM32F407 controllers and its peripheral circuit, described dynamic parameter acquisition module, vibrational state detection
Module, communication module, alarm module, memory module, electrical parameter acquisition module are electrically connected respectively in control module, described confession
Electric module is powered using outside DC24V, through being depressured numeral ± 5V, 3.3V and simulation 5V that chip conversion needs.
2. a kind of fan condition real-time monitoring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described memory module
Using ferroelectric memory FM25040.
3. a kind of fan condition real-time monitoring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described electrical parameter collection
Module includes chip ADE7758, resistor network, current transformer, and resistor network collection voltages Data Concurrent is sent to chip
ADE7758, current transformer collection current data is simultaneously sent to chip ADE7758, and chip ADE7758 passes through SPI serial ports and control
Coremaking piece carries out data interaction.
4. a kind of fan condition real-time monitoring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described dynamic parameter is adopted
Collecting module includes wind pressure parameter Acquisition Circuit, blast collection reference circuit, lubricating oil temperature measuring circuit, bearing temperature measurement electricity
Road, the first multi-way switch circuit, the first differential amplifier circuit, filter integration amplifying circuit, comparison circuit, first switch switching electricity
Road, wind pressure parameter Acquisition Circuit includes the resistance strain gage being arranged on blower fan, and the foil gauge is via the first constant pressure partial pressure difference
Circuit is connected with the first multi-way switch circuit, and blast collection reference circuit includes setting reference resistance strain on circuit boards
Piece, the reference resistance foil gauge is connected via the second constant pressure partial pressure difference channel with the first multi-way switch circuit, lubricating oil temperature
Measuring circuit and bearing temperature measuring circuit are utilized respectively a temperature detecting resistance measurement temperature value, and respectively via the 3rd constant pressure point
Pressure difference parallel circuit and the 4th constant pressure partial pressure difference channel are connected with the first multi-way switch circuit；First variable connector is by control chip
Control, and filter integration amplifying circuit and first switch switching circuit are connected by the first differential amplifier circuit, filter integration is put
Big circuit output end connects first switch switching circuit and comparison circuit input respectively, and comparator circuit output end connects respectively
Connect control chip pulsewidth and obtain port and external interrupt port, first switch switching circuit output end connects control chip A/ respectively
D ports and I/O ports.
5. a kind of fan condition real-time monitoring system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described comparison circuit bag
Include lagging circuit and dynamic comparer circuit, lagging circuit input connection filter integration amplification circuit output end, Dynamic comparison
Device circuit input end connects lagging circuit output end, filter integration amplification circuit output end, dynamic comparer circuit output end respectively
Control chip A/D ports and I/O ports are connected respectively.
6. a kind of fan condition real-time monitoring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described vibrational state inspection
Survey module include at least one speed pop one's head in acquisition module, at least one eddy current probe acquisition module, the second variable connector,
Second differential amplifier circuit, second switch handover module, low frequency filtering module, High frequency filter module, smothing filtering amplifying circuit,
Described speed probe acquisition module and eddy current probe acquisition module are using integral sensor as acquisition elements, and speed is visited
Head acquisition module is connected with the second variable connector input, and it is defeated that eddy current probe acquisition module connects smothing filtering amplifying circuit respectively
Go out end and the second variable connector input, smothing filtering input amplifier connects the PWM output ports of control chip, second
Variable connector output end connects the input of second switch handover module, second switch switching mould by the second differential amplifier circuit
The output end of block connects low frequency filtering module input and High frequency filter module input respectively, low frequency filtering module output end and
High frequency filter module output end connects an A/D port of control chip, the second variable connector and second switch switching mould respectively
Block connects an I/O output port of control chip respectively.
7. a kind of fan condition real-time monitoring system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described integral type sensing
Device includes sensor body, and the measurement end of sensor body is to be provided with the cavity body structure of upper end open, opening on upper lid, upper lid
Provided with line outlet, inside cavity be arranged in parallel the first partition and the second partition, and the upper end of the first partition is provided with resistance strain gage, the
Weight is provided between one partition and the second partition, weight is affixed by the first spring and the first partition lower end, and weight passes through second
Spring and the second partition upper end are affixed；Measurement end is connected with hollow extension tube, and extension tube sets on the outer wall of measurement end
There are fixing nut and fixed screw thread, the lower end of extension tube is connected with probe, sensor provided with two wires, a wire two ends
Connect resistance strain gage and line outlet, the short connection probe of another wire two and line outlet.
8. a kind of fan condition real-time monitoring system according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described speed probe is adopted
Collecting module also includes a constant pressure partial pressure difference channel, and the constant pressure partial pressure difference channel input connects the output of integral sensor
End, the constant pressure partial pressure difference channel output end connects the input port of the second variable connector.
9. a kind of fan condition real-time monitoring system according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described eddy current probe is adopted
Collecting module also includes filter circuit and LC vibrating circuits, and integral sensor connects the second variable connector by filter circuit and inputted
Port, and pass through the output port of LC vibrating circuits connection smothing filtering amplifying circuit.
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