CN206988158U - A kind of fan condition real-time monitoring system - Google Patents
A kind of fan condition real-time monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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- CN206988158U CN206988158U CN201720616760.4U CN201720616760U CN206988158U CN 206988158 U CN206988158 U CN 206988158U CN 201720616760 U CN201720616760 U CN 201720616760U CN 206988158 U CN206988158 U CN 206988158U
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Abstract
Fan condition real-time monitoring system of the present utility model, including control module, dynamic parameter acquisition module, vibrational state detection module, communication module, alarm module, power supply module, memory module, electrical parameter acquisition module, described control module includes control chip STM32F407 controllers and its peripheral circuit, described dynamic parameter acquisition module, vibrational state detection module, communication module, alarm module, memory module, electrical parameter acquisition module is electrically connected respectively in control module, described power supply module uses outside DC24V power supplies, numeral ± the 5V needed through being depressured chip conversion, 3.3V and simulation 5V.The system is based on good digital controller; realize the pressure to operation blower fan, air quantity, rotary speed parameter; fan bearing, shaft vibration, blower fan bearing shell and cooling and lubricating oil temperature, blower motor power supply, electric current, power, power factor etc. measure in real time, realize fan parameter monitoring and error protection purpose.
Description
Technical field
It the utility model is related to fan condition monitoring field, and in particular to one kind monitors in real time applied to fan condition is
System.
Background technology
Blower fan is extensive in sector applications such as metallurgy, chemical industry, electric power as a kind of rotating machinery.Because blower fan often plays
Whether the important effect such as ventilation, dedusting, therefore, the running status of blower fan, blower fan break down, and operating index is
No qualified etc. factor be all enterprise it should be understood that content, monitoring of the enterprise for blower fan at present, its control system typically adopts
The parameter of blower fan is monitored in real time with various kinds of sensors, programmable controller (PLC) and industrial computer, and by with
Upper interconnection plane, the remotely monitor of blower fan is realized, avoids accident.
A kind of conventional blower fan control system is given as shown in Figure 1, and the design of hardware and software of the system is：
1st, hardware design principle
1) measurement of fan speed：Measurement of fan speed typically uses frequency method.Frequency method in certain time with measuring object
The anglec of rotation carry out calculating speed.The rotating speed of blower fan is measured using photoelectric sensor or the contactless mode of electromagnetic sensor progress,
Pulse or AC signal are input in PLC, have PLC to carry out rotating speed calculating, then be transported to host computer and be managed.
2) flow and wind pressure monitoring：Using drilling pressure taking method measurement blast, differential pressure measurement device measuring pressure difference is utilized.Survey
It is defeated that point selection in main fan porch, by the pressure signal of acquirement and pressure difference signal by pressure sensor is converted into electric signal
Enter to PLC, the blast and flow number of needs are converted in host computer.
3) vibration monitoring：In blower fan work, the vibration of blower fan causes vibration.Using acceleration transducer and currents sensing
Device carries out bearing and the vibration monitoring of rotating shaft, and vibration signal is sent into PLC analog input terminals, carried out by PLC or host computer
Data try to achieve a vibration amplitude.
4) temperature monitoring：System RTD monitors the winding temperature and bearing temperature of fan electromotor, and every motor shares
Two bearing temperature measuring points and three stator winding temperature measuring points, temperature sensor is accessed into PLC analog input terminals, collection
Operating temperature when motor works.
5) electric parameter monitors：Fan operation electric parameter -- voltage, electric current, active power etc. are acquired, and enter sector-style
Electromechanical gas shielded.
2nd, Software for Design principle
1) system can the blast of real time on-line monitoring ventilation blower, air quantity, wind speed, temperature.
2) electric parameter of the supporting frequency converter of real time on-line monitoring and motor：Electric current, voltage, power, power factor etc..
3) parameter such as real time on-line monitoring blower fan start-stop signal, positive and negative rotaring signal, air door opening and closing signal.
4) system can show motor operation temperature in good time, according to temperature user's grease up.System energy automatic Memory wind
Machine run time.
5) blower fan dry run picture, the curve such as real-time display and drafting air quantity, blast can be shown.
6) Monitoring Data, alarm detail can real-time display, storage, inquiry, printings.
7) monitoring for protection with system support, monitoring system, realize that fan operation operating mode, the real-time of malfunction monitoring are supervised on the spot
Control；When blower fan is run under abnormal state, exportable alarm signal.
As can be seen here if necessary to be monitored in real time to fan operation parameter, then a huge system is needed, this is
The cost of system perhaps several times of high blowing machine even more than ten times, this is that the engineering for typically having fan operation can not accept.
Utility model content
In order to solve the above problems, it is real-time that the utility model provides a kind of relatively low and easy to use fan condition of cost
Monitoring system, the system are based on good digital controller, utilize quick sampling A/D, PWM arteries and veins inside high performance controller
The functions such as signal generator, high speed outer interruption, capture high frequency pulse width circuit are rushed, using speed or acceleration with vortex and integrally
Vibrating sensor, realized with reference to peripheral Analogic Electronic Circuits to running the pressure of blower fan, air quantity, rotary speed parameter, the axle of blower fan
Hold, the bearing shell of shaft vibration, blower fan and cooling and lubricating oil temperature, the motor power of blower fan, electric current, power, power factor etc. are real
When measure function in one, to realize fan parameter monitoring and error protection purpose.
The utility model uses following technical scheme：
A kind of fan condition real-time monitoring system, including control module, dynamic parameter acquisition module, vibrational state detection mould
Block, communication module, alarm module, power supply module, memory module, electrical parameter acquisition module, described control module include control
Chip STM32F407 controllers and its peripheral circuit, described dynamic parameter acquisition module, vibrational state detection module, communication
Module, alarm module, memory module, electrical parameter acquisition module are electrically connected respectively in control module, and described power supply module is adopted
Powered with outside DC24V, numeral ± 5V, the 3.3V and simulation 5V needed through being depressured chip conversion.
Further, described memory module uses ferroelectric memory FM25040.
Further, described electrical parameter acquisition module includes chip ADE7758, resistor network, current transformer, resistance
Network collection voltages Data Concurrent is sent to chip ADE7758, and current transformer collection current data is simultaneously sent to chip
ADE7758, chip ADE7758 carry out data interaction by SPI serial ports and control chip.
Further, described dynamic parameter acquisition module includes wind pressure parameter Acquisition Circuit, blast gathers reference circuit,
Lubricating oil temperature measuring circuit, bearing temperature measuring circuit, the first multi-way switch circuit, the first differential amplifier circuit, filtering product
Divide amplifying circuit, comparison circuit, first switch switching circuit, the resistance that wind pressure parameter Acquisition Circuit includes being arranged on blower fan should
Become piece, the foil gauge is connected via the first constant pressure partial pressure difference channel with the first multi-way switch circuit, blast collection reference circuit
Including setting reference resistance foil gauge on circuit boards, the reference resistance foil gauge via the second constant pressure partial pressure difference channel with
First multi-way switch circuit connects, and lubricating oil temperature measuring circuit and bearing temperature measuring circuit are utilized respectively a temperature detecting resistance
Measurement temperature value, and respectively via the 3rd constant pressure partial pressure difference channel and the 4th constant pressure partial pressure difference channel and the first variable connector
Circuit connects；First variable connector is controlled by control chip, and connects filter integration amplification electricity by the first differential amplifier circuit
Road and first switch switching circuit, filter integration amplification circuit output end connects first switch switching circuit respectively and comparison is electric
Road input, comparator circuit output end connect control chip pulsewidth and obtain port and external interrupt port, first switch respectively
Switching circuit output end connects control chip A/D ports and I/O ports respectively.
Further, described comparison circuit includes lagging circuit and dynamic comparer circuit, and lagging circuit input connects
Filter integration amplification circuit output end is connect, dynamic comparer circuit input end connects lagging circuit output end respectively, filter integration is put
Big circuit output end, dynamic comparer circuit output end connect control chip A/D ports and I/O ports respectively.
Further, described vibrational state detection module includes at least one speed probe acquisition module, at least
One eddy current probe acquisition module, the second variable connector, the second differential amplifier circuit, second switch handover module, low frequency filtering
Module, High frequency filter module, smothing filtering amplifying circuit, described speed probe acquisition module and eddy current probe acquisition module are equal
It is connected using integral sensor as acquisition elements, speed probe acquisition module with the second variable connector input, vortex is visited
Head acquisition module connects smothing filtering amplification circuit output end and the second variable connector input, smothing filtering amplifying circuit respectively
Input connects the PWM output ports of control chip, and the second variable connector output end passes through the second differential amplifier circuit connection the
The input of two switch handover modules, the output end of second switch handover module connect low frequency filtering module input and height respectively
Frequency filtration module input, low frequency filtering module output end and High frequency filter module output end connect one of control chip respectively
A/D ports, the second variable connector and second switch handover module connect an I/O output port of control chip respectively.
Further, described integral sensor includes sensor body, and the measurement end of sensor body is opened for upper end
Mouthful cavity body structure, opening is provided with upper lid, and upper lid is provided with line outlet, inside cavity be arranged in parallel the first partition and second every
Piece, the upper end of the first partition are provided with resistance strain gage, weight are provided between the first partition and the second partition, and weight passes through the first bullet
Spring and the first partition lower end are affixed, and weight is affixed by second spring and the second partition upper end；Being connected with for measurement end is hollow
Extension tube, extension tube are provided with fixing nut and fixed thread close to the outer wall of measurement end, and the lower end of extension tube is connected with probe,
Two wires, a wire both ends connection resistance strain gage and line outlet are provided with sensor, the short connection of another wire two is visited
Head and line outlet.
Further, described speed probe acquisition module also includes a constant pressure partial pressure difference channel, the constant pressure partial pressure
The output end of difference channel input termination integral sensor, the constant pressure partial pressure difference channel output end connect the second variable connector
Input port.
Further, described eddy current probe acquisition module also includes filter circuit and LC vibrating circuits, integral type sensing
Device connects the second variable connector input port by filter circuit, and connects smothing filtering amplifying circuit by LC vibrating circuits
Output port.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are：
1st, the modular circuit modularization, cost is low, digitlization, intelligent height；The module also has vibrating failure diagnosis, number
The functions such as word data transfer, the application of the module play important work to fan industry safety, energy-conserving and environment-protective, high-efficiency operation
With, while monitoring device cost is greatly saved, compared with similar monitoring device, its cost is only some thousandths of.
2nd, in dynamic parameter acquisition module, comparison circuit uses dynamic comparer, when the signal letter of ascent stage input always
Number it is positive signal, is negative signal when signal is in decline stage input signal, forms the square-wave pulse with signal fluctuation.Together
When, in order to eliminate shake, power up and hold in pulse output end, it is ensured that the authenticity of square wave.
3rd, utility model speed or acceleration and the vibrating sensor of vortex and one, integral sensor structure letter
Single, cost is low, is easily installed, and the speed or the vibration width of acceleration and bearing of bear vibration can be measured using a measuring point
Value and frequency or spectral characteristic, can simplify vibration measuring point and number of sensors.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is conventional blower control system theory diagram；
Fig. 2 is Tthe utility model system theory diagram；
Fig. 3 is the utility model dynamic parameter acquisition module theory structure block diagram；
Fig. 4 is the utility model Vibration Condition Monitoring module principle structured flowchart；
Fig. 5 is the utility model control module circuit theory diagrams；
Fig. 6 is the utility model storage module circuit schematic；
Fig. 7 is reference voltage circuit schematic diagram in the utility model common-battery module；
Fig. 8 is the circuit theory diagrams of the utility model the first constant pressure partial pressure difference channel；
Fig. 9 is the circuit theory diagrams of the variable connector of the utility model first and the first differential amplifier circuit；
Figure 10 is the circuit theory diagrams of the utility model filter integration amplifying circuit and comparison circuit；
Figure 11 is the structure chart of the utility model integral sensor；
Figure 12 is the scheme of installation of the utility model integral sensor；
Figure 13 is the circuit theory diagrams of one vortex acquisition module of the utility model；
Figure 14 is the circuit theory diagrams of the utility model smothing filtering amplifying circuit；
Figure 15 is the circuit theory diagrams of the utility model second switch switching circuit；
Figure 16 is the circuit theory diagrams of the utility model low frequency filtering module；
Figure 17 is the circuit theory diagrams of the utility model High frequency filter module；
Figure 18 is two kinds of oscillating curve schematic diagrames of the utility model eddy current sensor；
Figure 19 is velocity sensor oscillating curve schematic diagram.
In Figure 11：Covered on 1,2 foil gauges, 3 first partitions, 4 weights, 5 first springs, 6 second springs, 7 second partitions, 8
Fixing nut, 9 fixed threads, 10 extension tubes, 11 probes, 12 line outlets；
In Figure 12：13 sensor bodies, 14 bearing shells, 15 rotating shafts.
Embodiment
Created to be better understood from the utility model, detailed explain is carried out below for realization principle of the present utility model
State bright.
As shown in Fig. 2 a kind of fan condition real-time monitoring system, including control module, dynamic parameter acquisition module, vibration
State detection module, communication module, alarm module, power supply module, memory module, electrical parameter acquisition module, described control mould
Block includes control chip STM32F407 controllers and its peripheral circuit, described dynamic parameter acquisition module, vibrational state detection
Module, communication module, alarm module, memory module, electrical parameter acquisition module are electrically connected respectively in control module, described confession
Electric module uses outside DC24V power supplies, numeral ± 5V, the 3.3V and simulation 5V needed through being depressured chip conversion.
Electrical parameter acquisition module is using ADE7758 specialties integrated chip as the system core.The chip is a kind of special metering
Chip can complete the measurement task of parameters of electric power, pass through corresponding aid SPI serial ports and STM32F407 data signal controls
Device processed can both read the parameters such as the voltage of motor, electric current, frequency, power from special chip ADE7758 register.Electricity
Pressure measuring loop realizes that to save voltage transformer, reduce cost, electric current uses current transformer using resistor network, its
Measurement range is pressed depending on power of motor.
The system has the output of two-way relay, and fault alarm, alarm module include triode and buzzer all the way, all the way
The control of motor switch, can realize error protection with automatic trip in case of a fault.The system is carried out with host computer
RS485 communicate, the setting of module parameter can be carried out by host computer, on host computer can real time motor parameter real-time display.
Dynamic parameter acquisition module as shown in Figure 3 includes wind pressure parameter Acquisition Circuit, blast collection reference circuit, lubrication
Oil temperature measuring circuit, bearing temperature measuring circuit, the first multi-way switch circuit, the first differential amplifier circuit, filter integration are put
Big circuit, comparison circuit, first switch switching circuit, wind pressure parameter Acquisition Circuit include the resistance-strain being arranged on blower fan
Piece, the foil gauge are connected via the first constant pressure partial pressure difference channel with the first multi-way switch circuit, blast collection reference circuit bag
Include and reference resistance foil gauge on circuit boards is set, the reference resistance foil gauge is via the second constant pressure partial pressure difference channel and the
One multi-way switch circuit connects, and lubricating oil temperature measuring circuit and bearing temperature measuring circuit are utilized respectively a temperature detecting resistance and surveyed
Amount temperature value, and respectively via the 3rd constant pressure partial pressure difference channel and the 4th constant pressure partial pressure difference channel and the first variable connector electricity
Road connects；First variable connector is controlled by control chip, and connects filter integration amplifying circuit by the first differential amplifier circuit
With first switch switching circuit, filter integration amplification circuit output end connects first switch switching circuit and comparison circuit respectively
Input, comparator circuit output end connects control chip pulsewidth acquisition port respectively and external interrupt port, first switch are cut
Change circuit output end and connect control chip A/D ports and I/O ports respectively.
Wherein, comparison circuit includes lagging circuit and dynamic comparer circuit, lagging circuit input connection filter integration
Amplification circuit output end, dynamic comparer circuit input end connect lagging circuit output end, the output of filter integration amplifying circuit respectively
End, dynamic comparer circuit output end connect control chip A/D ports and I/O ports respectively.
Vibrational state detection module as shown in Figure 4 includes at least one speed probe acquisition module, at least one
Eddy current probe acquisition module, the second variable connector, the second differential amplifier circuit, second switch handover module, low frequency filtering module,
High frequency filter module, smothing filtering amplifying circuit, described speed probe acquisition module and eddy current probe acquisition module use
Integral sensor is connected as acquisition elements, speed probe acquisition module with the second variable connector input, and eddy current probe is adopted
Collection module connects smothing filtering amplification circuit output end and the second variable connector input, the input of smothing filtering amplifying circuit respectively
The PWM output ports of end connection control chip, the second variable connector output end are opened by the second differential amplifier circuit connection second
The input of handover module is closed, the output end of second switch handover module connects low frequency filtering module input and high frequency filter respectively
Ripple module input, low frequency filtering module output end and High frequency filter module output end connect an A/D of control chip respectively
Port, the second variable connector and second switch handover module connect an I/O output port of control chip respectively.Described speed
Degree probe acquisition module also includes a constant pressure partial pressure difference channel, and the constant pressure partial pressure difference channel input connects integral type sensing
The output end of device, the constant pressure partial pressure difference channel output end connect the input port of the second variable connector.Described eddy current probe
Acquisition module also includes filter circuit and LC vibrating circuits, and integral sensor is defeated by filter circuit the second variable connector of connection
Inbound port, and pass through the output port of LC vibrating circuits connection smothing filtering amplifying circuit.
Below, the particular circuit configurations of the application are illustrated with reference to other accompanying drawings.
Control chip as shown in Figure 5 uses STM32F047 digital signal controllers, control chip the 94th, 37,20,10,
27th, 74,99 pins are grounded, control chip the 100th, 75,50,28,22,21,19,11,6 pins connect 3.3V direct currents
Pressure；The peripheral circuit of control chip includes source crystal oscillator Y1, electric capacity C1, electric capacity C2, electric capacity C3, there is source crystal oscillator Y1 the 3rd pin
The 12nd pin of control chip is connect, the 4th pin for having source crystal oscillator Y1 directly connects 3.3V DC voltages, there is source crystal oscillator Y1 the 4th
Pin connects the pin of control chip the 14th by resistance R1, has source crystal oscillator Y1 second pins by connecing 3.3V direct currents by electric capacity C4
Voltage, there are source crystal oscillator Y1 second pins to connect the pin of control chip the 14th by electric capacity C24, and there are source crystal oscillator Y1 second pins straight
Ground connection；Electric capacity C1 mono- terminates the pin of control chip the 73rd, electric capacity C1 other ends ground connection；Electric capacity C2 mono- terminates control chip
49th pin, electric capacity C2 other ends ground connection；Electric capacity C3 mono- terminates the pin of control chip the 14th, another terminations of electric capacity C3
Ground.
As shown in fig. 6, memory module uses ferroelectric memory FM25040, ferroelectric memory stores a large amount of vibration signals, is
Carry out spectral characteristic later, accident analysis lays the first stone.
As shown in fig. 7, reference voltage circuit includes chip U3, chip U3 uses ref3012 chips, voltage chips U3 first
Pin is grounded, and voltage chips U3 second pin connects+5V DC voltages, and connects polar capacitor C8 positive poles and electric capacity C9 respectively
One end, polar capacitor C8 negative poles and the electric capacity C9 other ends are grounded, and the pins of voltage chips U3 the 3rd connect catching diode respectively
D1 one end, polar capacitor C6 positive poles, electric capacity C7 one end, the catching diode D1 other ends, polar capacitor C6 negative poles, electric capacity C7 are another
End is grounded.
It is illustrated in figure 8 the circuit theory diagrams of the first constant pressure partial pressure difference channel, other constant pressure partial pressure difference channels
Using this structure, the first constant pressure partial pressure difference channel includes resistance R2, and resistance R2 mono- terminates reference voltage output end, and resistance R2 is another
One end connects electric capacity C11 one end, electric capacity C10 one end, resistance R3 one end, resistance strain gage one end, another terminations of electric capacity C11 respectively
Ground, the electric capacity C10 other ends difference connecting resistance foil gauge other end, electric capacity C13 one end, resistance R4 one end, resistance R5 one end, electric capacity
The C13 other ends, the resistance R4 other ends are grounded, and the resistance R5 other ends connect electric capacity C14 one end and the first variable connector, electric capacity respectively
The C14 other ends are grounded, and the resistance R3 other ends connect electric capacity C12 one end and the first variable connector, electric capacity C12 other ends ground connection respectively.
It is illustrated in figure 9 the circuit theory diagrams of the first variable connector and the first differential amplifier circuit, in figure, the first multichannel is opened
Pass includes chip U4, and chip U4 uses CD4052 chips, and the pins of chip U4 the 6th and the 8th pin are grounded, chip U4 the 16th
Pin connects+5V DC voltages, and the pins of chip U4 the 3rd and the 13rd pin connect differential amplifier circuit, and the pins of chip U4 the 7th connect-
5V voltages simultaneously connect polar capacitor C18 negative poles, electric capacity C19 one end respectively, and polar capacitor C18 positive poles, the electric capacity C19 other ends connect
Ground.
First differential amplifier circuit includes chip U5, and chip U5 uses difference amplifier AD620, the pins of chip U5 first and
Resistance R0 is provided between 8th pin, the pins of chip U5 the 3rd are grounded by electric capacity C17, and the pins of chip U5 the 3rd meet chip U4
3rd pin, chip U5 second pins are grounded by electric capacity C20, and chip U5 second pins connect the pins of chip U4 the 13rd, core
The pins of piece U5 the 4th connect -5V voltages, electric capacity C21 one end, polar capacitor C22 negative poles, the electric capacity C21 other ends, polar capacitor respectively
C22 positive poles and the pins of chip U5 the 5th are grounded, and the pins of chip U5 the 6th connect filter integration amplifying circuit, and chip U5 the 7th draws
Pin connects polar capacitor C16 positive poles ,+5V voltages, electric capacity C15 one end respectively, and polar capacitor C16 negative poles, the electric capacity C15 other ends connect
Ground.
It is as shown in Figure 10 filter integration amplifying circuit and comparison circuit, filter integration amplifying circuit includes chip U6, core
Piece U6 uses operational amplifier MAX4416, and chip U6 second pins distinguish connecting resistance R7 one end, electric capacity C24 one end, and resistance R7 is another
One end connects electric capacity C23 one end, the pins of chip U6 first respectively, and the electric capacity C23 other ends meet the electric capacity C24 other ends, resistance R6 respectively
One end, resistance R8 one end, resistance R6 the first differential amplifier circuits of another termination, resistance R8 other ends ground connection；Chip U6 the 3rd draws
Pin is grounded；The pins of chip U6 the 8th connect+5V voltages, polar capacitor C27 positive poles, electric capacity C28 one end respectively, and polar capacitor C27 is born
Pole, the electric capacity C28 other ends are grounded；The pins of chip U6 the 4th connect -5V voltages respectively, electric capacity C25 one end, polar capacitor C26 are born
Pole, the electric capacity C25 other ends, polar capacitor C26 positive poles are grounded；The pins of chip U6 first connect respectively control chip A/D ports with
And comparator circuit input.
Comparison circuit includes dynamic comparer circuit and lagging circuit, and lagging circuit includes electric capacity C29, resistance R12, dynamic
Comparator circuit includes chip U7, and chip U7 uses high-frequency amplifier MAX987, second pin difference connecting resistance R12 one end, electricity
Hold C29 one end, resistance R10 one end, the resistance R12 other ends, the electric capacity C29 other ends are grounded, another chip termination U6 of resistance R10
First pin；The pins of chip U7 the 3rd difference connecting resistance R9 one end, resistance R11 one end, another chip termination U6 first of resistance R9
Pin, the resistance R11 other ends connect the pin of control chip the 31st, the pins of chip U7 the 6th respectively；The pins of chip U7 the 4th connect
Ground；The pins of chip U7 the 6th connect voltage-regulator diode D2 negative poles, the pin of control chip the 82nd, polar capacitor C31 positive poles respectively,
Voltage-regulator diode D2 positive poles, polar capacitor C31 negative poles are grounded；The pins of chip U7 the 7th connect+5V voltages, polar capacitor respectively
C30 positive poles, polar capacitor C30 negative poles ground connection.
Foregoing circuit contains the main circuit of dynamic parameter acquisition module substantially, joins to more accurately embody dynamic
The design idea of number acquisition module, is described in detail below for the design principle of dynamic parameter acquisition module.
Blower fan is many by difference in functionality classification, and as blower fan air blower has two major classes, one kind is to be " cfentrifugal blower ", it
Principle when being due to blower fan work inside draught fan impeller rotate at a high speed, the air in Fan casing is produced centrifugal force and is got rid of
From draught fan impeller, by air outlet by " force feed " blowing machine；Second class is to be " axial flow blower ", and its operation principle is：It is this
For blower fan as electric fan, the face of its blade and fan shaft have an angle, and when rotated, blade yearns for air direct-axis
Air outlet " is pushed away ", and certain negative pressure is formed in air inlet, and new air is also just added into, is so also maintained for
The state of normal work.
But all it is that air quantity is transmitted by blade, due to the quantity of fan blade more than one regardless of the blower fan of type
It is individual, so wind is different in the position of the relative fan blade of blast of certain point.It follows that one pressure is installed in spiral case point
Piece, the fan parameter of blast, wind speed, air quantity, rotating speed can be extrapolated by the situation of change of pressure plate.
Manufacturer's production blower fan period selection installs a resistance strain gage in one appropriate position of spiral case, reserves wiring
End.Because resistance strain gage cost is very low, so blower fan price is not almost influenceed, but to being brought with the parameter monitoring of rear fan
Greatly facilitate, also bring the benefit of correlation.
Entirely the function realization principle of dynamic parameter acquisition module is：Resistance strain gage is by constant pressure point on the blower fan of installation
It is amplified after pressure difference parallel circuit by difference amplifier, then filtered integration amplification forms smooth curve, the curve signal point
Into two-way：One route digital signal controller is carried out at high speed sampling, and CPU tries to achieve partial pressure according to series of algorithms；Another way is entered
Enter dynamic comparer and form square wave, digital signal controller can be in the hope of change frequency by external interrupt caused by square wave, side
The pulsewidth of ripple can be tried to achieve by digital signal controller.According to these parameters can in the hope of the blast of blower fan, wind speed, air quantity, turn
Speed.Meanwhile to realize self calibration, design on circuit boards is used as fixed with blower fan resistance strain gage identical reference resistance foil gauge
Phase calibrates circuit.
The design of key component or choosing principles are in circuit：
The blast curve of resistance strain gage is change, so the comparator of definite value can not be used, to realize the function,
Comparator circuit uses dynamic comparer, and the dynamic comparer principle is to convert cut off value as extreme value using C34, that is, works as signal
Ascent stage input signal is positive signal always, is negative signal when signal is in decline stage input signal, is formed with signal wave
Dynamic square-wave pulse.In order to eliminate shake, it is necessary to which C35 is held in pulse output end power-up again, it is ensured that the authenticity of square wave.
A/D sample rates inside STM32F407 digital signal controllers reach 2.4MHZ, and the rotating speed highest of blower fan is general
3000 revs/min, frequency 50HZ, it is 20ms that circling, which needs the time, if the blower fan band is compared with multiple fan blade 30, each fan blade
Region by the time of a pressure spot be 667us, 2.4MHZ A/D is sampled, then can sample 278 points, remove A/D's
Start the shut-in time, can also sample individual point more than 200, can accurately describe the image of this wave band completely.
Being interrupted using external interrupt INT and internal timing can be easy to try to achieve the frequency f of each fan blade, by f divided by fan blade
Number is exactly the rotating speed of blower fan.
TO pins are to obtain pulse width -- air quantity is from minimum to the time of maximum.
The general resistance strain gage response time is 107s, and the semiconductor-type foil gauge response time reaches 1011s, so resistance should
Become the requirement that piece meets blower fan frequency.
In specific measurement, the setting for parameter gives a kind of reference：In circuit, it is that PA6 is used as detection by TO
Square wave high level time, PA6 reusables are the passage 1 of timer 3 here." passage 1 " of timer 3 is that rising edge is examined for setting first
Survey, so, when detecting rising edge, the value of timer conter is reset, and set that " passage 1 " of timer 3 is trailing edge inspection
Survey, so, when detecting trailing edge, the value of now timer conter is recorded, when this value can be according to the timing of timer
Between calculate the time value between rising edge and trailing edge, this time value is exactly high pulse width △ t, wind is tried to achieve using the value
Measure parameter.
The reference formula of calculating is as follows：
It is known：F=ma；M is the quality of wind, and a is acceleration.
Thus the formula of wind speed：V=at=Ft/m=K1(F2-F1)Δt；K1 is coefficient.
The pressure of blower fan：FP=(F2-F1)/2；F1 is minimum air quantity, and F2 is maximum quantity of wind, and Kp is average pressure.
Air quantity：Q=K2VS；S is the discharge area of blower fan, and K2 is coefficient.
Although above formula can not the accurate parameter that must reflect blower fan, use can describe blower fan during fan operation
Three parameters, K1, K2 value are subject in implementation process suitably to calibrate.
Design for Vibration Condition Monitoring module, the application employ following design philosophy：
According to faraday electromagnetic induction principle, metallic conductor be placed in alternating magnetic field or when, will produce in conductor in being vortexed
The induced-current of shape, this electric current are referred to as eddy current effect current vortex, above phenomenon.Current vortex sensor operation principle is exactly electricity
Eddy current effect.When connecting sensing system power supply, a high-frequency signal can be produced in fore-lying device, the signal is sent by cable
To the head of probe, alternating magnetic field is produced in head, changes the amplitude and phase of probe head coil high-frequency electric current, that is, changes
The effective impedance of coil is become.The quartz crystal using high accuracy, high stability of conventional vortex sensor is steady to provide frequency
Fixed high frequency 1MHZ signals, to encourage the shunt-resonant circuit that is made up of cell winding L and electric capacity C, fore-lying device is by signal width
Value changes are converted into direct current signal.
According to the principle, the utility model using high performance digital signal controller produce than conventional method more precision,
More stable high frequency 1MHZ signals, the signal is amplified, and high frequency, low frequency filtering produce the signal of two-way：It is static amplitude all the way,
For dynamic waveform curve.The two paths of signals can be sampled by the simulation A/D of digital signal controller, can be in the hope of through algorithm process
Obtain static displacement, vibration amplitude, vibration frequency and rumble spectrum characteristic.
For the concrete structure of Vibration Condition Monitoring module, it is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Integral sensor as shown in figure 11 includes sensor body, and the measurement end of sensor body is upper end open
Cavity body structure, opening are provided with upper lid 1, and upper lid is provided with line outlet 12, inside cavity be arranged in parallel the first partition 3 and second every
Piece 7, the upper end of the first partition are provided with resistance strain gage 2, and weight 4 is provided between the first partition and the second partition, and weight passes through
One spring 5 and the first partition lower end are affixed, and weight is affixed by second spring 6 and the second partition upper end；Measurement end is connected with
Hollow extension tube 10, extension tube are provided with fixing nut 8 and fixed thread 9, the lower end of extension tube close to the outer wall of measurement end
Probe 11 is connected with, two wires, a wire both ends connection resistance strain gage and line outlet are provided with sensor, another is led
The short connection probe of line two and line outlet.
According to fan vibration specifications of surveys, the rotating shaft measurement sensor of blower fan is typically mounted at bearing both sides and vertical and water
Equal orientation at 45 °；And the absolute vibration value measurement of bearing is typically using sensor and bearing upright position.Based on this, such as Figure 12
Shown, in the both ends appropriate location of the both sides of bearing, each installation vibration integral sensor, the sensor body 13 runs through bearing shell
14, probe approaches rotating shaft 15, and sensor and the angle in horizontal vertical direction are 45 °, and the integral sensor is worked as and 45 ° of peaces of level
When on bearing, the direction of vibration reforms into vertical direction.
It is the circuit for eddy current sensor collection as shown in figure 13, including filter circuit and LC vibrating circuits, filter
Wave circuit is made up of resistance R13, resistance R14, inductance L1, electric capacity C32, electric capacity C33, and LC vibrating circuits are by resistance R15, resistance
R16, resistance R17, resistance R18, triode Q1 compositions.
As shown in figure 14, described smothing filtering amplifying circuit includes filter amplification circuit and range-adjusting circuit, filtering
Amplifying circuit includes triode Q2, and range-adjusting circuit includes slide rheostat R19, triode Q2 base stage connection control chip
PWM port, and be grounded by resistance R20, triode Q2 colelctor electrodes connect LC vibrating circuits, triode Q2 current collections by electric capacity C35
Pole connects electric capacity C34 one end and inductance L2 one end, the electric capacity C34 other ends and the inductance L2 other ends meet VCC；Triode Q2 launches
Pole is grounded by slide rheostat R19.
As shown in figure 15, described switch handover module includes chip U8, and chip U8 uses ADG619 chips, chip U8
One pin connects electric capacity C36 one end, resistance R21 one end respectively, and the resistance R21 other ends, the electric capacity C36 other ends, chip U8 the 5th draw
Pin, the pins of chip U8 the 3rd are grounded, and the pins of chip U8 the 6th connect control chip I/O ports, and the pins of chip U8 the 4th meet VCC simultaneously
It is grounded by electric capacity C37, the pins of chip U8 the 7th meet VCC and are grounded by electric capacity C38, and the pins of chip U8 the 8th connect low frequency filtering
Module, chip U8 second pins connect High frequency filter module.
As shown in figure 16, described low frequency filtering module includes low-frequency filter and filter integration amplifying circuit, low frequency filter
Ripple device includes chip U9, and chip U9 is amplifier LT1057, and filter integration amplifying circuit includes chip U10, and chip U10 is put for computing
Big device MAX4416；Chip U9 second pins difference connecting resistance R22 one end, resistance R23 one end, resistance R22 other ends ground connection, electricity
Hinder another pins of chip termination U9 first of R23；The pins of chip U9 the 3rd connect electric capacity C40 one end, resistance R24 one end, electric capacity respectively
Another pins of chip termination U10 first of C40, the resistance R24 other ends meet electric capacity C39 one end, resistance R21 one end, electric capacity C39 respectively
Another pins of chip termination U10 first, another termination second switch handover modules of resistance R21；Chip U10 second pins connect respectively
Resistance R27 one end, electric capacity C42 one end, the resistance R27 other ends connect electric capacity C41 one end, the pins of chip U10 first, electric capacity respectively
The C41 other ends meet the electric capacity C42 other ends, resistance R25 one end, resistance R26 one end, another chip termination U10 of resistance R26 respectively
One pin, another pins of chip termination U9 first of resistance R25；The pins of chip U10 the 3rd connect the pins of chip U10 first；Chip U10
8th pin connects+5V voltages, polar capacitor C43 positive poles, electric capacity C44 one end respectively, and polar capacitor C43 negative poles, electric capacity C44 are another
End connects the pins of chip U10 first；The pins of chip U10 the 4th connect -5V voltages respectively, electric capacity C46 one end, polar capacitor C45 are born
Pole, the electric capacity C46 other ends, polar capacitor C45 positive poles connect the pins of chip U10 first；The pins of chip U10 first connect control chip
A/D ports.
As shown in figure 17, described High frequency filter module includes high-frequency filter circuit and active full wave rectifier filter, high
Frequency filter circuit includes chip U11, and chip U11 is amplifier LT1057, and active full wave rectifier filter includes chip U12 and chip
U13, chip U12 and chip U13 are amplifier LT1057；Chip U11 second pins difference connecting resistance R28 one end, resistance R29 mono-
End, resistance R28 other ends ground connection, another pins of chip termination U11 first of resistance R29；The pins of chip U11 the 3rd connect electric capacity respectively
C48 one end, resistance R31 one end, electric capacity C48 other ends difference connecting resistance R30 one end, electric capacity C47 one end, the resistance R30 other ends
Connect the pins of chip U11 first, another termination switch handover modules of electric capacity C47, resistance R31 other ends ground connection；Chip U12 the 3rd draws
Pin is grounded by resistance R36, and chip U12 second pins connect diode D3 negative poles, resistance R32 one end, resistance R35 one end respectively,
Diode D3 positive poles connect the pins of chip U12 first, diode D4 negative poles respectively, and the resistance R32 other ends meet chip U11 first respectively
Pin, resistance R33 one end, resistance R33 other ends difference connecting resistance R34 one end, electric capacity C49 one end, chip U13 second pins,
The resistance R34 other end, the electric capacity C49 other ends connect the pins of chip U13 first, and the resistance R35 other ends are meeting diode D4 just respectively
Pole, resistance R37 one end, another chip termination U13 second pins of resistance R37, the pins of chip U13 the 3rd are grounded by resistance R38,
The pins of chip U13 first connect polar capacitor C50 positive poles, control chip A/D ports, polar capacitor C50 negative poles ground connection respectively.
The overall measuring principle of system is：
According to fan vibration specifications of surveys, the vertically vibration measuring of 2 eddy current sensors and 2 is installed typically on bearing
Velocity sensor, thus we design the interface circuit of 2 road integral sensors.
The schematic diagram is two integral sensor schematic diagrams, and the 1MHZ frequencies of vortex have the PWM of controller by smooth
Filter amplification circuit is supplied to two LC oscillation circuits, to provide stable frequency signal to per being exaggerated in all the way again,
LC oscillation circuits through parallel line to probe, while LC output end is filtered off into height by centre frequency 1.1MHZ filter circuit
Frequency signal.Below 1.1MHZ signal is divided into two-way through differential amplification：High frequency filter all the way, carry out active full wave rectification, output
Direct current signal is used by the A/D of digital signal controller, tries to achieve probe and the distance of rotating shaft；Another way signal is filtered by low frequency
Ripple, high frequency 1MHZ frequency signal is filtered off, filtered integrating amplification circuit obtains smooth curve, and the high-speed a/d of controller is adopted
Data processing is carried out after using, tries to achieve vibration amplitude, vibration frequency, spectral characteristic.
Speed or acceleration probe are after constant pressure partial pressure difference channel, by variable connector timesharing by difference amplifier, then by
Low frequency filtering is passed through in commutator timesharing, and filtered integration amplification forms smooth curve, gathered by A/D inside controller, warp
Vibration amplitude, vibration frequency, spectral characteristic, speed and amount of acceleration are tried to achieve in data processing.
In actual measurement process, eddy current sensor is non-contacting, and the spacing apart from rotating shaft is indefinite, it may occur that
Two kinds of curve conditions, it is exactly that amplitude peak is lower at the over center position or in side, as shown in figure 18.Speed or acceleration transducer
Can only be in equilbrium position both sides, and the amplitude of both sides has difference, as shown in figure 19.
By taking Figure 18 as an example, if the amplitude of amplitude is respectively A1, A2, vibration period T, the equilbrium position of eddy current sensor away from
It is S from central shaft, thus can derives displacement, speed and acceleration magnitude, specific calculating process is as follows：
Vibration amplitude：Work as A2When >=0：A=A1-A2；Work as A2When≤0：A=A1+|A2| (1) A1, A2 is extreme value；
Vibration frequency：F=1/T (2) T is the vibration period；
Static displacement works as A2When >=0：S=A/2+A2；Work as A2When≤0：S=A/2- | A2| (3)；S is absolute displacement；
Vibration velocity：V=A/T (4)；
Vibration acceleration：V=(V2-V1)/T (5) V1, V2 is adjacent speed.
The implementation process of whole system is：
Resistance strain gage is arranged on the inside of blower fan on appropriate location, installed in best manufacturer's production process, will
Foil gauge both ends are connected with the measurement module.Two PT100 temperature transducers are arranged on the survey bearing left in advance and cooling
In the measurement point of oil, four lines are connected with the measurement module.Found in the both sides of bearing reserved in advance at 45 ° with upright position
Survey shaft vibration two measurement points install two integrated transducers, eight lines of 2 sensors are connected with module.Will
The three-phase voltage of motor is connected with the measurement module, the potential and current transformers output end and measurement module of threephase motor
It is connected.
Adjusted, can be worked after upper electricity, if necessary to show then by parameter setting before host computer progress necessity and sensor
The matched software of application is installed in host computer host computer and measurement module real-time communication can be achieved, wind is shown in host computer
The parameter of machine operation.
It should be pointed out that embodiment described above can make those skilled in the art that this practicality be more fully understood
New concrete structure, but do not limit the utility model in any way and create.Therefore, although specification and drawings and examples
The utility model is created and has been carried out being described in detail, it will be understood by those skilled in the art, however, that still can be to this reality
Modified with new creation or equivalent substitution；And the technical side of all spirit and scope for not departing from the utility model creation
Case and its improvement, it is encompassed by the utility model and created among the protection domain of patent.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of fan condition real-time monitoring system, it is characterised in that including control module, dynamic parameter acquisition module, vibration
State detection module, communication module, alarm module, power supply module, memory module, electrical parameter acquisition module, described control mould
Block includes control chip STM32F407 controllers and its peripheral circuit, described dynamic parameter acquisition module, vibrational state detection
Module, communication module, alarm module, memory module, electrical parameter acquisition module are electrically connected respectively in control module, described confession
Electric module uses outside DC24V power supplies, numeral ± 5V, the 3.3V and simulation 5V needed through being depressured chip conversion.
A kind of 2. fan condition real-time monitoring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described memory module
Using ferroelectric memory FM25040.
A kind of 3. fan condition real-time monitoring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described electrical parameter collection
Module includes chip ADE7758, resistor network, current transformer, and resistor network collection voltages Data Concurrent is sent to chip
ADE7758, current transformer collection current data are simultaneously sent to chip ADE7758, and chip ADE7758 passes through SPI serial ports and control
Coremaking piece carries out data interaction.
4. a kind of fan condition real-time monitoring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described dynamic parameter is adopted
Collecting module includes wind pressure parameter Acquisition Circuit, blast collection reference circuit, lubricating oil temperature measuring circuit, bearing temperature measurement electricity
Road, the first multi-way switch circuit, the first differential amplifier circuit, filter integration amplifying circuit, comparison circuit, first switch switching electricity
Road, wind pressure parameter Acquisition Circuit include the resistance strain gage being arranged on blower fan, and the foil gauge is via the first constant pressure partial pressure difference
Circuit is connected with the first multi-way switch circuit, and blast collection reference circuit includes setting reference resistance strain on circuit boards
Piece, the reference resistance foil gauge are connected via the second constant pressure partial pressure difference channel with the first multi-way switch circuit, lubricating oil temperature
Measuring circuit and bearing temperature measuring circuit are utilized respectively a temperature detecting resistance measurement temperature value, and respectively via the 3rd constant pressure point
Pressure difference parallel circuit and the 4th constant pressure partial pressure difference channel are connected with the first multi-way switch circuit；First variable connector is by control chip
Control, and put by the first differential amplifier circuit connection filter integration amplifying circuit and first switch switching circuit, filter integration
Big circuit output end connects first switch switching circuit and comparison circuit input respectively, and comparator circuit output end connects respectively
Connect control chip pulsewidth acquisition port and external interrupt port, first switch switching circuit output end connect control chip A/ respectively
D ports and I/O ports.
A kind of 5. fan condition real-time monitoring system according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described comparison circuit bag
Include lagging circuit and dynamic comparer circuit, lagging circuit input connection filter integration amplification circuit output end, Dynamic comparison
Device circuit input end connects lagging circuit output end, filter integration amplification circuit output end, dynamic comparer circuit output end respectively
Control chip A/D ports and I/O ports are connected respectively.
A kind of 6. fan condition real-time monitoring system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described vibrational state inspection
Survey module include at least one speed pop one's head in acquisition module, at least one eddy current probe acquisition module, the second variable connector,
Second differential amplifier circuit, second switch handover module, low frequency filtering module, High frequency filter module, smothing filtering amplifying circuit,
Described speed probe acquisition module and eddy current probe acquisition module are visited using integral sensor as acquisition elements, speed
Head acquisition module is connected with the second variable connector input, and it is defeated that eddy current probe acquisition module connects smothing filtering amplifying circuit respectively
Go out end and the second variable connector input, smothing filtering input amplifier connect control chip PWM output ports, second
Variable connector output end connects the input of second switch handover module, second switch switching mould by the second differential amplifier circuit
The output end of block connects low frequency filtering module input and High frequency filter module input respectively, low frequency filtering module output end and
High frequency filter module output end connects an A/D port of control chip, the second variable connector and second switch switching mould respectively
Block connects an I/O output port of control chip respectively.
A kind of 7. fan condition real-time monitoring system according to claim 6, it is characterised in that described integral type sensing
Device includes sensor body, and the measurement end of sensor body is the cavity body structure of upper end open, and opening is provided with upper lid, on upper lid
Provided with line outlet, inside cavity be arranged in parallel the first partition and the second partition, and the upper end of the first partition is provided with resistance strain gage, and
Weight is provided between one partition and the second partition, weight is affixed by the first spring and the first partition lower end, and weight passes through second
Spring and the second partition upper end are affixed；Measurement end is connected with hollow extension tube, and extension tube is set on the outer wall of measurement end
There are fixing nut and fixed thread, the lower end of extension tube is connected with probe, two wires, a wire both ends are provided with sensor
Connect resistance strain gage and line outlet, the short connection probe of another wire two and line outlet.
8. a kind of fan condition real-time monitoring system according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described speed probe is adopted
Collection module also includes a constant pressure partial pressure difference channel, and the constant pressure partial pressure difference channel input connects the output of integral sensor
End, the constant pressure partial pressure difference channel output end connect the input port of the second variable connector.
9. a kind of fan condition real-time monitoring system according to claim 7, it is characterised in that described eddy current probe is adopted
Collection module also includes filter circuit and LC vibrating circuits, and integral sensor connects the second variable connector by filter circuit and inputted
Port, and pass through the output port of LC vibrating circuits connection smothing filtering amplifying circuit.
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| CN201720616760.4U CN206988158U (en) | 2017-05-27 | 2017-05-27 | A kind of fan condition real-time monitoring system |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109449883A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-03-08 | 济南大学 | A kind of motor oscillating monitoring and protecting device |
| CN112483453A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-03-12 | 重庆电子工程职业学院 | Small-sized wind power plant monitoring system based on upper computer and lower computer |
| CN112761980A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-05-07 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Method and system for evaluating performance of cooling fan for motor train unit |
-
2017
- 2017-05-27 CN CN201720616760.4U patent/CN206988158U/en active Active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109449883A (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-03-08 | 济南大学 | A kind of motor oscillating monitoring and protecting device |
| CN112483453A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-03-12 | 重庆电子工程职业学院 | Small-sized wind power plant monitoring system based on upper computer and lower computer |
| CN112761980A (en) * | 2021-01-22 | 2021-05-07 | 中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司 | Method and system for evaluating performance of cooling fan for motor train unit |
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