CN107059838B - Grouting device and grouting method for sandy land - Google Patents
Grouting device and grouting method for sandy land Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107059838B CN107059838B CN201611244884.0A CN201611244884A CN107059838B CN 107059838 B CN107059838 B CN 107059838B CN 201611244884 A CN201611244884 A CN 201611244884A CN 107059838 B CN107059838 B CN 107059838B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- perfusion tube
- tube
- slurries
- cylinder
- driving
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/12—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D15/00—Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D2250/00—Production methods
- E02D2250/003—Injection of material
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of grouting devices and grouting method for sandy land, the device includes for holding the cylinder of slurries, the perfusion tube by the intracorporal slurries of cylinder are injected under sandy land, the first driving mechanism for driving perfusion tube to move up and down, cylinder, perfusion tube and the first driving mechanism are mounted on the base, pedestal is mounted in walking mechanism, and perfusion tube lower end is equipped with spray head；Grouting method of the invention includes that for walking mechanism driving device while walking in sandy land, slurries enter perfusion tube by dispatch tube, and are sprayed at certain depth in sandy soil layer from spray head；Remarkable advantage of the invention is: slurries are uniformly injected into certain depth in sandy land, form slurry layer in the depth, such as can be impervious barrier, prevent the leakage of precipitation, irrigation water, play water conservation, water-saving effect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of grouting device for sandy land, further relate to using the device in sandy soil layer certain depth
Inject the grouting method of slurries.
Background technique
Currently, there is a large amount of sandy land both at home and abroad, since sandy soil infiltration coefficient is big, specific retention is low, gas permeability is strong, cause to fill
Moisture largely leaks when irrigating, and is only capable of maintaining a small amount of moisture, causes a large amount of wastes of irrigation water, then and arid quickly.
Common sandy land antiseepage Water-retaining Measure, which has, forms waterproof using cob layer, geomembrane, sand-grass layer, straw plaited grid etc.
Layer, prevents the leakage of water, and this method is quick, but it is very complicated to construct, and needs multiple Multilevel method, and need to put into a large amount of
Manpower and material resources；There are also the aggregate for being suitble to gradation is cooperated using water soluble adhesive, the water conservation grains of sand are formed, but this chemical method can be right
Environment pollutes, and durability causes anxiety.Therefore there is an urgent need to a kind of economic, environmental protection, efficient soil water-saving technology.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention: the first object of the present invention is to provide a kind of grouting device for sandy land；Second purpose is to mention
For the grouting method of slurries is injected in sandy soil layer using the device.
Technical solution: the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that realization: a kind of grouting device for sandy land, including is used for
First for holding the cylinder of slurries, moving up and down perfusion tube that the intracorporal slurries of cylinder are injected under sandy land, driving perfusion tube
Driving mechanism, cylinder, perfusion tube and the first driving mechanism are mounted on the base, and pedestal is mounted in walking mechanism, and perfusion tube
Lower end is equipped with spray head.
Described device is equipped with the second driving mechanism that driving walking mechanism is advanced or retreated.
Secondly, perfusion tube dispatch tube excessively flexible is connected with cylinder, dispatch tube flexible can be in delivery pipe stroke
It stretches in range.
When device moves ahead or retreats, in order to reduce the resistance of perfusion tube lower section insertion sandy soil part, the perfusion tube
The direction that lower section facing device moves forward and backward is wedge angle.
In order to increase slurries spray area, the spray head is the tube body extended to the left and right, and the cross section of the tube body is triangle
Shape, two waist surfaces are covered with injected hole, and the wedge angle of triangle is downward.
The pipeline of dispatch tube is equipped with water pump, valve and flowmeter；After Open valve, water pump inhales the slurries in cylinder
Out, perfusion tube is entered by dispatch tube.
It is further preferred that first driving mechanism and the second driving mechanism are controlled by control device, the control system
The display screen of stroke is moved up and down equipped with operation panel and display spray head.
Walking mechanism is wheeled or crawler type, it is contemplated that the out-of-flatness of sandy soil landform, in order to increase when device is walked
Stability, walking mechanism are preferably crawler type.
The grouting method that slurries are injected in sandy soil layer is realized using the device, comprising the following steps:
(a) slurries are packed into cylinder；
(b) under first driving device driving, perfusion tube moves down and is inserted into target depth under sandy soil layer；
(c) slurries in cylinder are sprayed onto sandy soil layer by the spray head of perfusion tube；With the back-and-forth motion of grouting device,
The spray head of perfusion tube moves under sandy land, and slurries are sprayed under sandy land and form impervious barrier；
(d) after spraying, seepage-proof liquid conveying is closed, under the driving of the first driving mechanism, perfusion tube moves up pumping
Sandy soil layer out.
The utility model has the advantages that compared with prior art, the present invention has the advantages that following significant: using grouting device that slurries are equal
Certain depth in even injection sandy soil layer forms slurry layer in the depth, such as can be impervious barrier, prevents precipitation, irrigation water
Leakage, play water conservation, water-saving effect.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the device of the invention structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is slurries dispatch tube structural schematic diagram of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is described further with reference to the accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of grouting device for sandy land, including for holding slurries cylinder 1, will be in cylinder 1
Slurries be injected under sandy soil layer perfusion tube 2, driving perfusion tube 2 move up and down the first driving mechanism 3, driving walking mechanism
5 the second driving mechanisms 6 advanced or retreated；Wherein, cylinder 1, perfusion tube 2, the first driving mechanism 3, the second driving mechanism 6 peace
On pedestal 4, pedestal 4 is horizontally arranged in walking mechanism 5 by diagonal brace 401, and walking mechanism 5 includes crawler belt；Device
Travel speed is between 5-15 kilometers/hour.
Perfusion tube 2 is connected by dispatch tube 7 with cylinder 1, and dispatch tube 7 can move in about 201 stroke range of spray head
Dynamic, when the first driving mechanism 3 driving perfusion tube 2 moves up and down, dispatch tube 7 is moved up and down with perfusion tube 2, and will be in cylinder 1
Slurries continually enter in perfusion tube 2.
The lower end of perfusion tube 2 is equipped with spray head 201, and in order to increase spray area, which is the pipe extended to the left and right
Body；To reduce resistance when perfusion tube 2 is downwardly into sandy soil, the cross section of the tube body is triangle, and the wedge angle of triangle to
Under, secondly, two waist surfaces of spray head 201 are covered with injected hole 202, so that sprinkling is uniform.
While first driving mechanism 3 driving perfusion tube 2 moves up and down, drives the insertion of spray head 201 or extract sandy land；
When device advances or retreats, in the lower section and spray head 201 the insertion sandy soil layer of perfusion tube 2, while moving ahead with device, spray
First 201 move under sandy soil layer and spray slurries, suffered resistance, infusion when to reduce the insertion sandy soil partial movement of perfusion tube 2
The cross section of 2 lower section of pipe is triangle, and the direction that facing device advances is wedge angle.
Wherein, perfusion tube 2 is steel hollow pipeline, and the hollow parts of perfusion tube 2 are not closed in bottom, is welded with spray head 201
It connects but the hollow parts of the two is interconnected；Preferably, the thickness of pipe wall 1-3cm of perfusion tube 2, pipe inner area is between 10-40cm2；
The length of spray head 201 is between 0.5-1.5m, and thickness of pipe wall 0.4-1cm, pipe inner area is between 5-40cm2；The spacing of injected hole 202 is
3-4cm, aperture 0.5cm.
To realize that human-computer interaction and automatic control, the first driving mechanism 3 and the second driving mechanism 6 are controlled by control device 8,
The control device 8 is equipped with operation panel 801, display screen 802 and operating room 803；Operator passes through the key on operation panel 801
Instruction is issued, and by the working condition of display screen 802 real-time monitoring and control device, wherein operation panel 801 is equipped with control
The key in device speed and direction, control perfusion tube 2 move up and down key, adjust each element manipulation state of dispatch tube 7 by
Key and scram button etc..
As shown in Fig. 2, dispatch tube 7 is equipped with water pump 701, valve 702 and flowmeter 703, wherein the maximum of water pump 701
Flow is not less than 150m3/ hour, lift are not less than 20m, and the range of flowmeter 703 is not less than 150m3/ hour；Open valve 702
After water pump 701, the slurries in cylinder 1 are sucked dispatch tube 7 by water pump 701, initially enter perfusion tube 2, then from spray head 201
Sprayed in injected hole, according to actual use situation, can by adjust water pump 701 power and valve 702 it is elastic, will starch
The speed of liquid injection sandy soil is adjusted to target velocity.
Grouting device of the invention can inject each plasmoid humor such as microorganism anti-seepage reinforcing liquid, clay slurry, cement slurry husky
Native certain depth, and slurry layer is formed in the depth.When selecting microorganism anti-seepage reinforcing liquid, can be formed prevent precipitation,
The leakage of irrigation water plays the impervious barrier of water conservation, water-saving effect.
When desert is coarse granule sand, i.e., the sand content that partial size is 0.075-60mm in desert is greater than 50%, at this time
The permeable breathable of desert sand is preferable, the anti-solid-liquid of microorganism for supporting the preparation of type bacterium is correspondingly adopted, in aerobic environment
Under can play a role well.Byproduct of reaction using microorganism anti-seepage reinforcing liquid is the nitrogen source of plant growth, is conducive to plant
The growth of object.The earth's surface wind prevention layer that microorganism anti-seepage reinforcing liquid is facilitated is more stable compared to simple chemical skinning, and will not be to ring
Border pollutes.From the aspect of effect and efficiency, hydrolysis of urea bacterium is to select well.Carbon is generated in hydrolysis urea process
Acid group generates precipitation of calcium carbonate with calcium salt under alkaline condition, while producing ammonium chloride, can provide nitrogen for the growth of plant
Source promotes plant growth.Specifically, hydrolysis of urea bacterium can be for the raw spore sarcine of Pasteur, such as deposit number
CGMCC No.1.3687, or be ground urea bacillus, such as deposit number is CGMCC No.1.7272.The increasing of microorganism
The mode of growing can be with are as follows: strain is placed on yeast extract 20-30g/L, NH4Cl 8-12g/L, pH are the fluid nutrient medium of 8-9.5
In, it is placed in 25-30 DEG C of shaking table with the speed culture 24-48h under 80-108 times/min.Corresponding microorganism anti-seepage reinforcing liquid can
To include following component: hydrolysis of urea bacterium 107-109A/L, urea 0.3-3mol/L, calcium salt 0.3-3mol/L and sodium chloride 0-
15g/L.Further, the concentration of urea and calcium salt ratio is 2:1-1:1；Still further, the concentration of urea and calcium salt ratio is
1.5:1.Calcium salt is soluble calcium salt；It may further be one or more of calcium nitrate, calcium chloride, calcium acetate.
When desert is fine grained sand, the permeable breathable of desert sand is poor, corresponding that facultative anaerobic bacteria is used to prepare
The anti-solid-liquid of microorganism, can also play a role under anaerobic.From the aspect of effect and efficiency, mentioned microorganism can be
Denitrifying bacteria generates carbonate during restoring nitrate, generates precipitation of calcium carbonate with calcium salt under alkaline condition,
Nitrogen source can be provided simultaneously for the growth of plant, promote plant growth.Further, denitrifying bacteria can be, but not limited to false single
Born of the same parents Pseudomonas or the bacterium of alcaligenes, such as can be Pseudomonas nitroreducens, CGMCCNo.1.2343 or fluorescence are false single
Born of the same parents bacterium, CGMCCNo.1.3893.Corresponding microorganism anti-seepage reinforcing liquid includes following component: denitrifying bacteria 107-109A/L,
Nitrate 0.01-1mol/L, calcium salt 0.02-3mol/L, carbon source 0.03-1.5mol/L, nitrogen source 0.002-0.2mol/L and chlorination
Sodium 0-15g/L.Above-mentioned calcium salt is soluble calcium salt, can be, but not limited to one of calcium nitrate, calcium chloride, calcium acetate or several
Kind.Carbon source can be, but not limited to acetate, glucose, corn stover etc., and nitrogen source can be, but not limited to ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, nitre
Sour ammonium, urea, wheat bran, cornstalk etc., nitrate can be, but not limited to the microorganisms such as sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium nitrate
Reproduction methods can be with are as follows: denitrification strain is put into fluid nutrient medium, under 25-35 DEG C of environment temperature, with 50-
The revolving speed culture 24-48h of 150rad/min, wherein fluid nutrient medium includes nitrate 0.01-1mol/L, calcium chloride 0.02-
3g/L, carbon source 0.01-1mol/L, ammonium chloride 0.05-0.5g/L, ferrous sulfate 0.01-0.03g/L, and pH is modulated into 7-8.
Preferably, it is handled 1-5 times using containing the microorganism anti-seepage reinforcing liquid for supporting type bacterium, using containing amphimicrobian
The microorganism anti-seepage reinforcing liquid of bacterium is handled 3-5 times；Wherein, handle 1 time it is just effective, 5 times the good results are evident for processing, can form
The crust layer of 1-3cm thickness.It further, is 1-5L/m using each treating capacity of the microorganism anti-seepage reinforcing liquid2, treating capacity
Control can obtain preferable effect in the range, and save time and cost.Coating is covered after anti-solid-liquid processing, with
Prevent solar exposure from leading to bacterial death.It is spaced 3-6h between adjacent number of processes, bacterial reaction is used for, if interval time is too
It is short, a degree of destruction can be caused to previous processing, because impact force when sprinkling can be hard to what is formed in the short time
Shell damages；If the processing time too long will increase construction time cost.At least 72h removes covering after last time is handled
Layer, coating here are black geotextiles or straw seat.
The impervious barrier and the ratio between the infiltration coefficient in unprocessed desert handled using above two anti-seepage reinforcing liquid is small
In 5%.Thus the device is to be used for the water-saving grouting device of sandy land, is preferably used for the water-saving microorganism slip casting of sandy land
Device.
When operation, slurries are prepared first, and be loaded into cylinder 1；
Secondly grouting device is driven into place to be processed, control device 8 sends a command to the first driving mechanism 3, drives defeated
Liquid pipe 2 is moved down and is inserted into sandy soil layer, observes the stroke that spray head 201 moves down by display screen 802, it is deep to reach target
The first driving mechanism 3 is shut down when spending, wherein the depth that spray head 201 is inserted into sandy soil layer is 0.4-0.8m；
Valve 702 is opened by control device 8, opens water pump 701, and slurries are sucked into dispatch tube 7 from cylinder 1, are adjusted
Slurries injection rate is adjusted to target velocity by valve 702, and slurries flow into perfusion tube 2 first, then flow into spray head 201；
Control device 8 sends a command to the second driving mechanism 6, drives walking mechanism 5, perfusion tube 2 while device moves ahead
Lower section and spray head 201 move under sandy land, and slurries are sprayed onto sandy soil layer, form one layer of slurry layer in the depth；
Slurry layer sprinkling process is repeated 1-5 times, the fountain height of slurries per treatment is 1-5L/m2。
After sprinkling, slurries conveying is closed, under the driving of the first driving mechanism 3, it is husky that perfusion tube 2 moves up extraction
Soil layer；
Surface surface dust, the pipeline of grouting device are cleaned.
Claims (3)
1. a kind of grouting device for sandy land, it is characterised in that: the device includes for holding the cylinder of slurries (1), inciting somebody to action
The first driving mechanism that perfusion tube (2) that slurries in cylinder (1) are injected under sandy land, driving perfusion tube (2) move up and down
(3), cylinder (1), perfusion tube (2) and the first driving mechanism (3) are mounted on pedestal (4), and pedestal (4) is mounted on walking mechanism
(5) on, and perfusion tube (2) lower end is equipped with spray head (201)；
Described device is equipped with mobile the second driving mechanism (6) of driving walking mechanism (5)；First driving mechanism (3) and
Two driving mechanisms (6) are controlled by control device (8), which is equipped with operation panel (801) and display spray head (201)
Move up and down the display screen (802) of stroke；
The perfusion tube (2) is connected by dispatch tube flexible (7) with cylinder (1), and dispatch tube (7) flexible can be in perfusion tube
(2) it stretches in stroke range；
The mobile direction of perfusion tube (2) the lower section facing device is wedge angle；
The spray head (201) is the tube body extended to the left and right, and the cross section of the tube body is triangle, and two waist surfaces are covered with injected hole
(202), and the wedge angle of triangle is downward.
2. grouting device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the pipeline of the dispatch tube (7) is equipped with water pump
(701), valve (702) and flowmeter (703).
3. grouting device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the walking mechanism (5) is crawler type or wheeled.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611244884.0A CN107059838B (en) | 2016-12-29 | 2016-12-29 | Grouting device and grouting method for sandy land |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611244884.0A CN107059838B (en) | 2016-12-29 | 2016-12-29 | Grouting device and grouting method for sandy land |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107059838A CN107059838A (en) | 2017-08-18 |
| CN107059838B true CN107059838B (en) | 2019-06-21 |
Family
ID=59623840
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201611244884.0A Active CN107059838B (en) | 2016-12-29 | 2016-12-29 | Grouting device and grouting method for sandy land |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107059838B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107439196A (en) * | 2017-08-30 | 2017-12-08 | 中国冶集团有限公司 | Slip casting type deep layer sandy soil plantation band synthesis improvement method |
| CN108063417A (en) * | 2017-12-12 | 2018-05-22 | 王国超 | A kind of direct burial 10KV aerial insulated cables are laid with auto-spreading robot |
| CN108677921A (en) * | 2018-03-28 | 2018-10-19 | 江苏大学 | A kind of anti-float anchor rod advance reinforcement borehole wall-protection method based on microorganism slurry injection technique |
| CN111395310A (en) * | 2020-02-18 | 2020-07-10 | 温州大学 | Method for reinforcing residual soil by carbonizing and mineralizing photosynthetic microorganisms and construction equipment thereof |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1109090A (en) * | 1995-01-23 | 1995-09-27 | 南京林业大学 | Soil anti-penetrating agent and its application |
| JP2000045260A (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 2000-02-15 | Nittoc Constr Co Ltd | Aseismatic natural ground reinforcing earth engineering method |
| CN101965781A (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2011-02-09 | 吴岳民 | Method for changing desert into fertile land and planting method of paddy rice in desert |
| CN103053239A (en) * | 2013-01-06 | 2013-04-24 | 向余庆 | Desert farmland reclaiming machine and farmland reclaiming method utilizing same |
| CN103931293A (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2014-07-23 | 谷成 | Device and method for dune-fixation forestation |
| CN104871676A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-09-02 | 北京仁创科技集团有限公司 | Desert plating field and construction method thereof |
-
2016
- 2016-12-29 CN CN201611244884.0A patent/CN107059838B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1109090A (en) * | 1995-01-23 | 1995-09-27 | 南京林业大学 | Soil anti-penetrating agent and its application |
| JP2000045260A (en) * | 1998-07-31 | 2000-02-15 | Nittoc Constr Co Ltd | Aseismatic natural ground reinforcing earth engineering method |
| CN101965781A (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2011-02-09 | 吴岳民 | Method for changing desert into fertile land and planting method of paddy rice in desert |
| CN103053239A (en) * | 2013-01-06 | 2013-04-24 | 向余庆 | Desert farmland reclaiming machine and farmland reclaiming method utilizing same |
| CN103931293A (en) * | 2014-04-11 | 2014-07-23 | 谷成 | Device and method for dune-fixation forestation |
| CN104871676A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-09-02 | 北京仁创科技集团有限公司 | Desert plating field and construction method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107059838A (en) | 2017-08-18 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN107059838B (en) | Grouting device and grouting method for sandy land | |
| CN106222102B (en) | A kind of multi-cultur es joint microorganism soil-fixing method | |
| CN104452740A (en) | Method for reinforcing and treating liquefied sandy soil foundation | |
| CN108018851A (en) | A kind of supercharging of chpn in length and breadth draining foundation processing method | |
| CN102923838B (en) | Device and method for repairing underground water nitrate pollution | |
| CN106856700B (en) | Desert planting structure and in desert planting plants method | |
| CN204276513U (en) | A kind of contaminated soil and underground water integration circulation well repair system | |
| CN108999179B (en) | Method for reinforcing and treating soft soil foundation by combining vacuum preloading and microorganism sand consolidation technology | |
| CN108977245A (en) | A kind of aerobic and anaerobe combined governance system and method for mine goaf gas | |
| CN109264948A (en) | Oil sludge harmless treatment plant and method | |
| CN114026984A (en) | Saline-alkali soil improvement covering and pickling device and saline-alkali soil improvement engineering operation method | |
| CN110000206A (en) | A kind of heavy metal pollution place fast hierarchical renovation technique and prosthetic device | |
| CN103898943B (en) | A kind of basement water resource Collection utilization method and water circulation utilization system | |
| CN114345925A (en) | Method for repairing desertified land and solidifying surface soil heavy metal by microorganisms | |
| CN106818362B (en) | Barren green desert pattern of farming and in desert planting plants method | |
| CN211645002U (en) | Sediment normal position prosthetic devices | |
| CN105706852B (en) | A kind of environment-friendly high-efficiency water circulation system for agricultural sprinkling irrigation | |
| CN209255465U (en) | A kind of ecological elution circuit administered for heavy-metal contaminated soil or slag | |
| CN111957726A (en) | In-situ combined remediation method for petroleum-polluted soil | |
| CN106759248A (en) | Barren green desert earth's surface windproof structure | |
| CN207204852U (en) | A kind of bio-augmentation treatment system of oily sludge soil | |
| CN104314164A (en) | Seepage-proof modification method for sewage storage pools of large-scale livestock and poultry farms | |
| CN104480901B (en) | A kind of blocking method of earth and rockfill dam | |
| CN204168847U (en) | Nano ceramics micro-seeping irrigation device | |
| CN108821526A (en) | The method of microorganism consolidation by grouting river bottom mud |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |