CN107058133A - 一株高产酯化酶不产桔霉素的红曲菌及其应用 - Google Patents

一株高产酯化酶不产桔霉素的红曲菌及其应用 Download PDF

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CN107058133A
CN107058133A CN201710350213.0A CN201710350213A CN107058133A CN 107058133 A CN107058133 A CN 107058133A CN 201710350213 A CN201710350213 A CN 201710350213A CN 107058133 A CN107058133 A CN 107058133A
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citrinin
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陈福生
郑朝依
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Huazhong Agricultural University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一株产高酯化酶且不产桔霉素的红曲菌及其在食品生产中的应用。本发明提供的丛毛红曲菌(Monascus pilosus)M76113,已保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,其保藏编号为CCTCC M 2017253。在30℃,固态发酵9d,所得红曲麸皮的酯化酶活力用气质测定,其酯化力可达到9.25585mg/g.100h,且不产桔霉素。本发明所得产品酯化红曲安全可靠,可为白酒酯香成分的提高提供一个简单、低廉的途径。

Description

一株高产酯化酶不产桔霉素的红曲菌及其应用
技术领域
本发明属于食品生物技术领域,并涉及一株高产酯化酶的红曲菌(Monascus sp.)及其在酿酒和制作酯化红曲等食品行业中的应用。
背景技术
红曲菌(Monascus sp.)是一种小型丝状真菌,大米经红曲菌发酵后称红曲,古称丹曲、赤曲、神曲,常用于食品添加剂及传统医药。因红曲菌发酵后的代谢产物不同,红曲的主要产品分为功能性红曲和红曲红,功能性红曲主要由红曲菌的功能性代谢产物起作用,如Monaclin类物质,有抑制胆固醇合成作用;γ-氨基丁酸,与降血脂有关。红曲红主要是利用红曲菌分泌的红曲色素而做成的产品,用作食品添加剂,是唯一一种微生物色素食品添加剂。此外,红曲菌的代谢产物还有一些活性酶类,例如:羧肽酶、淀粉酶、蛋白酶、糖化酶、酯化酶等。
酯化酶是一种胞外酶,其不是酶学上用语,酶学上应为脂肪酶和酯酶的统称,但该酶也能合成低级脂肪酸酯。由于其既能够催化酯的合成,又能催化酯的分解,因此,在白酒行业中习惯分别称酯化酶和酯分解酶。目前在白酒行业中,主要测定酯化酶活力,常用到传统的皂化反应法和气相色谱法测定,用酯化力表示其酶活大小。
目前酯化酶主要应用在酿酒工业上,主要是在白酒的酿造中,将酒中的少量酸和醇生成一些乙酸乙酯、己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯等香酯,增加白酒的酯香成分。在白酒酿造中添加红曲菌,可以明显地提高白酒的酯香,且节约成本、操作简单。
发明内容
本发明的技术方案之一是,提供一株丛毛红曲菌(Monascus pilosus),其保藏编号为CCTCC M 2017253。
本发明所要解决的技术问题是,针对一种桔霉素含量低,产酯化酶高的红曲菌(Monascus sp.)的不足的,提供一种高产酯化酶,桔霉素含量低或不产桔霉素的红曲菌及其在食品工业中的应用。
从我国山西老陈醋大曲中分离获得所述的丛毛红曲菌。所述的丛毛红曲菌可以高产酯化酶,不产桔霉素,能够安全地运用于食品加工工业。对该菌株进行鉴定,结果为丛毛红曲菌(Monascus pilosus),命名为M76113,其具有以下形态特征:
在MEA培养基上生长,直径30-40mm,丛毛卷状,由珊瑚色到浅鲜肉色,背面由橙红色到卡其色;在CYA培养基上生长,直径25-30mm,丛毛状,中间浅粉色,菌丝密,整体为白色,背面白色,圆心为猩红色;在PDA培养基上生长,直径30-40mm,丛毛卷状橙色,周围白色,背面深橙色,四周金色;在G25N培养基上,生长很慢,直径5-8mm,气生菌丝稀疏,白色。
在PDA培养基上培养的显微观察显示,菌丝体丰厚,菌丝不规律地分支,粗细不一,油滴状;分生孢子顶生,以向基式形成短链,球型、倒卵型或倒梨型;闭囊壳单生,暗褐色或粉红色或无色,球型;子囊孢子椭圆形。
本发明的技术方案之二是:一种制备所述丛毛红曲菌的方法,在培养基中培养所述红曲菌即可,包括以下步骤:
其中,所述培养基为本领域常规的培养基,麸皮培养基,麸皮与水1∶1,所述比例为质量比,所培养的温度为28-32℃,所培养的时间为9d。
上述方法中,干曲的制备包括如下步骤:于40℃左右烘箱中烘24小时左右即可。
本发明提供的技术方法之三是:所述的丛毛红曲菌M76113在食品生产中的应用。
所述的食品为本领域常规的食品,含所述丛毛红曲菌M76113或其代谢产物即可。
所述丛毛红曲菌M76113已于2017年5月11日保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心(简称为CCTCC,地址为:湖北省武汉市洪山区八一路),保藏编号为:CCTCC M 2017253。
附图说明
图1红曲菌酯化酶测定结果
图2丛毛红曲菌M76113的桔霉素及桔霉素标品的检测结果A、B为桔霉素标品检测图;B、D为红曲麸皮桔霉素检测图
具体实施方式
以下的实施例便于更好地理解本发明,但并不限定本发明。下述实施例中的实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法。下述实施例中所用的试验材料,如无特殊说明,均来自常规生化试剂商店。以下实施例中的定量试验,均设置三次重复实验,结果取平均值。
实施例1 红曲菌(Monascus sp.)的获得
分离纯化步骤如下:
(1)PDA培养基的配置:200g土豆去皮后切成小块,加水煮沸20min,过滤后,以蒸馏水定容至1 000mL,葡萄糖20g/L,琼脂粉15g/L。
(2)培养:称0.5g左右的山西老陈醋大曲,用药匙将其堆在改良PDA培养基(PDA培养基中加6%的乙醇,待平板凝固后,平板中间添加40μL 10%的乳酸,使其在平板中间分散开来),待乳酸充分渗入大曲中后倒扣,30℃培养。
(3)待其菌丝长出,每天将大曲上的杂菌刮除,直至长出红曲菌落,将红曲菌落进行反复划线分离直至长出单一菌落。
(4)将其接种于PDA斜面中30℃培养7d后进行4℃保藏。
实施例2 红曲菌的鉴定
(1)培养基配置:MEA培养基:麦芽提取粉20g/L,蛋白胨1g/L,葡萄糖20g/L;CYA培养基:NaNO3 3.0g/L,K2HPO4 1.0g/L,KCl 0.5g/L,MgSO4·7H2O 0.5g/L,FeSO4·7H2O0.01g/L,酵母提取物5.0g/L,蔗糖20g/L,琼脂15g/L;G25N培养基:含甘油250g/L的CYA培养基;PDA培养基:200g土豆去皮后切成小块,加水煮沸20min,过滤后,以蒸馏水定容至1000mL,葡萄糖20g/L,琼脂粉15g/L。
将所获得的菌株分别点种于PDA、G25N、CYA和MEA四种培养基上,于25℃,培养7d,观察其菌落形态。
菌落观察结果:所有红曲菌菌落特征都基本一致,在MEA培养基上生长,直径30-40mm,丛毛卷状,由珊瑚色到浅鲜肉色,背面由橙红色到卡其色;在CYA培养基上生长直径25-30mm,丛毛状,中间浅粉色,菌丝密,整体为白色,背面白色,圆心为猩红色;在PDA培养基上生长,直径30-40mm,丛毛卷状橙色,周围白色,背面深橙色,四周金色;在G25N培养基上,生长很慢,直径5-8mm,气生菌丝稀疏,白色。表明所获得的菌株均为丛毛红曲菌(Monascuspilosus)。
实施例3 高产酯化酶红曲菌的筛选
将所得红曲菌株培养成红曲麸皮以测定其酯化酶活力,并以本实验室所保藏的丛毛红曲菌(Monascus pilosus)MS-1,红色红曲菌(Monascus ruber)M7作对照。
配料:麦麸
PDB培养基:PDA培养基中不加琼脂粉。
制备步骤:
(1)菌种的活化:将保藏的红曲菌(Monascus sp.)接种到新的PDA斜面上,培养7d。
一级种子液:将培养7d后的PDA斜面,用无菌水洗下孢子液并过滤,即为一级种子液。
二级种子液:在250mL锥形瓶中装入100mL PDB培养基,将一级种子液稀释到106,并接种10%于PDB培养基中,30℃,摇床170r/min,培养24小时,即为二级种子液。
(2)称取麦麸30g于250mL锥形瓶中,加入30mL蒸馏水,混匀打散后121℃高压蒸汽灭菌20min。
(3)待培养基冷却至室温,接种10%二级种子液,打散混匀,恒温30℃培养9d,期间每隔12h,将培养基打散一次。取出40℃烘干24h即可。
(4)酯化液的制备:吸取1mL己酸加入100mL容量瓶中,加入20mL无水乙醇,用蒸馏水定容到100mL,混匀后倒入250mL锥形瓶中;称取5g红曲麸皮,研磨后倒入锥形瓶中,30℃酯化100h。酯化结束后,倒入圆底烧瓶中,用25mL蒸馏水洗涤锥形瓶,洗液一并倒入圆底烧瓶中,洗涤两次。用缓火蒸馏出100mL馏出液待用。
(5)气相色谱法测定酯化力(内标法):吸取一定量酯化液于10mL容量瓶,加入100μL 2%乙酸正戊酯,用酯化液定容到10mL,使用GC-MS分析其己酸乙酯含量。
(6)色谱条件:色谱柱Agilent DB-WAX 30m*0.25mm*0.25mm,柱箱温度40℃,进样口温度220℃,进样方式:分流;以氦气为载气,总流量46mL/min,柱流量1.00mL/min,吹扫流量5.0mL/min,分流比40∶1;程序升温:起始温度40℃,保持时间5min,以8℃/min速度升至80℃,保持时间5min,以8℃/min速度升至220℃,保持时间8min,
(7)酯化酶测定结果如图1,其中M76113的酯化力最高,与已知菌株MS-1和M7相比,均高一些。
实施例4 桔霉素的检测
(1)桔霉素提取:采用国标GB/T 5009.222-2008提取桔霉素,称取所述丛毛红曲菌M76113制成的红曲麸皮0.1g于2mL离心管,吸取1mL甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲酸(7∶3∶1)溶液于离心管中,超声10min,12000r/min离心2min,取上清至4mL离心管中,沉淀用0.5ml的甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲酸提取两次,上清收集到4mL离心管中,用氮吹仪吹干液体,最后甲醇定容到1mL。配置500ng/mL桔霉素标品用于对照。
(2)桔霉素的测定:将上述收集得到的样品和桔霉素标品,使用UPLC检测其桔霉素含量,色谱条件:BEH C18色谱柱,流动相为0.1%乙腈,流速0.3mL/min,柱温30℃,激发波长330nm,发射波长500nm。
(3)测定结果:,结果如图2,显示桔霉素标品在保留时间为8.8min左右时出峰,且在330nm处有最大紫外吸收,而样品的结果显示未检测到桔霉素,由此推论,所述丛毛红曲菌(Monascus pilosus)M76113不产桔霉素或者桔霉素含量低。
实施例5 桔霉素相关基因的扩增
选取桔霉素合成基因pksCT,及与桔霉素合成相关基因ctnA、ctnR、ctnE,与相应引物1-6如表1,对所述丛毛红曲菌M76113扩增其片段,并以本实验室保存菌株Mnascus ruberM7为参照,以ITS序列为看家基因,引物7如表2。
表1扩增桔霉素相关基因及ITS区所用引物
反应体系:模板1μL,上游引物1μL,下游引物1μL,dNTP 1μL,10×buffer 2.5μL,Taq plus DNA Polymerase 0.2μL,ddH2O 18.3μL。
PCR反应程序:预变性95℃,5min,变性95℃,30s,退火55℃,30s,延伸72℃,7min。最后电泳验证。
检测结果:所述丛毛红曲菌M76113及红色红曲菌M7都对引物7扩增出目的条带,红色红曲菌M7对引物1-6扩增出目的条带,但所述丛毛红曲菌M76113未对引物1-6扩增出目的片段,推断该菌株的桔霉素相关基因全部或者部分缺失,结合两者结果可推论,所述丛毛红曲菌M76113不产桔霉素。

Claims (7)

1.一株高产酯化酶且不产桔霉素的丛毛红曲菌(Monascus pilosus)M76113,其特征在于,保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,其保藏编号为CCTCC M 2017253。
2.权利要求1所述丛毛红曲菌M76113的筛选方法,其特征在于:
(1)菌株的获得:称取0.5g左右的山西老陈醋大曲,用药匙将其堆在改良PDA培养基(PDA培养基中加6%的乙醇,待平板凝固后,平板中间加40μL 10%的乳酸,使其在平板中间分散开来),待乳酸充分渗入大曲中后倒扣,30℃培养,待其菌丝长出,每天将其大曲上的杂菌刮除,直至长出红曲菌,通过反复划线分离,将其接于斜面保藏;
(2)菌株的鉴定:菌株接种于CYA、PDA、G25N和MEA培养基上,25℃,培养7d,观察其形态;
(3)酯化酶活力的测定:将所有菌株制成发酵样品,称取5g,以乙醇和己酸为底物,反应100h后用GC-MS分析其中的己酸乙酯的含量,以筛选出权利要求1所述的高产酯化酶的丛毛红曲菌M76113;
(4)桔霉素检测:采用国标GB/T 5009.222-2008提取桔霉素,使用UPLC检测桔霉素含量。
3.权利要求1所述的丛毛红曲菌M76113在食品生产中的应用。
4.一种酯化红曲麸皮的方法,其特征在于,权利要求1所述丛毛红曲菌M76113的发酵产物,通过将丛毛红曲菌M76113的种子液接种到麸皮中,并经培养通过干燥得到酯化红曲麸皮。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于:丛毛红曲菌M76113做为发酵菌株,接种量10%,装样量30g,于30℃,培养9d,所述固体发酵培养基组分为,麸皮∶水1∶1(质量比),水为双蒸水。
6.如权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于:所述发酵为权利要求1所述丛毛红曲菌M76113的种子液接种至权利要求5所述发酵培养基中培养,接种量为10%(v/m);所述种子液为权利要求1所述丛毛红曲菌M76113的斜面洗得的孢子液,稀释至106,接种10%(v/v)于装有100mL种子培养基的250mL三角瓶中,30℃,170r/min培养24h;所述种子液培养基为:200g土豆去皮后切成小块,加水煮沸20min,过滤后,以蒸馏水定容至1 000mL,葡萄糖20g/L。
7.由权利要求4-7中所述方法制备的红曲麸皮通过40℃,恒温干燥24小时得到酯化红曲麸皮。
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110283805A (zh) * 2019-07-15 2019-09-27 北京工商大学 一种紫色红曲霉酯合成酶lip05、编码基因及其应用
CN110283806A (zh) * 2019-07-15 2019-09-27 北京工商大学 一种紫色红曲霉酯合成酶lip05-50、编码基因及其应用
CN111304102A (zh) * 2020-04-29 2020-06-19 河南省宋河酒业股份有限公司 一种酯化红曲的制作及应用方法
CN113151014A (zh) * 2021-05-13 2021-07-23 劲牌有限公司 一种简便快速的红曲霉分离保存方法

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110283805A (zh) * 2019-07-15 2019-09-27 北京工商大学 一种紫色红曲霉酯合成酶lip05、编码基因及其应用
CN110283806A (zh) * 2019-07-15 2019-09-27 北京工商大学 一种紫色红曲霉酯合成酶lip05-50、编码基因及其应用
CN111304102A (zh) * 2020-04-29 2020-06-19 河南省宋河酒业股份有限公司 一种酯化红曲的制作及应用方法
CN113151014A (zh) * 2021-05-13 2021-07-23 劲牌有限公司 一种简便快速的红曲霉分离保存方法

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