CN107057389A - 一种可生物降解的聚乳酸‑pbs‑木纤维复合泡沫材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种可生物降解的聚乳酸‑pbs‑木纤维复合泡沫材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN107057389A
CN107057389A CN201710144133.XA CN201710144133A CN107057389A CN 107057389 A CN107057389 A CN 107057389A CN 201710144133 A CN201710144133 A CN 201710144133A CN 107057389 A CN107057389 A CN 107057389A
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周洪杰
周楠
孙兴平
于洋
周煜
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FUYANG JINMU ARTS AND CRAFTS Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种可生物降解的聚乳酸‑PBS‑木纤维复合泡沫材料，及其制备工艺，其特征在于，以聚乳酸、PBS、杨木粉、碳酸氢钠、过氧化二异丙苯、纳米碳酸钙、KH550、聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺、可膨胀石墨、包覆红磷、丙烯酸溶液等为原料。用丙烯酸溶液、KH550/乙醇溶液对杨木粉进行浸泡处理，改性后的木纤维在基体中的分散性好，相容性高，与基体的界面结合性能得到改善；且提高了复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击韧性，提高了复合材料的力学性能和耐热性。用三聚氰胺对聚磷酸铵进行活化改性处理后，再与可膨胀石墨、包覆红磷混合球磨，相互间存在协同作用，得到复合阻燃剂，用于提高复合材料的阻燃性能。

Description

一种可生物降解的聚乳酸-PBS-木纤维复合泡沫材料及其制 备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料领域，具体涉及一种可生物降解的聚乳酸-PBS-木纤维复合泡沫材料，及其制备工艺。
背景技术
木塑复合材料是以农业废弃物为主要原料，减少了植物秸杆和废旧塑料焚烧对环境造成的污染，具有环境友好性和可持续性的优点，广泛应用于建筑材料、家具、包装运输等行业。木塑复合材料的研究和应用对寻求木材替代材料具有重要意义。
杜凤在其硕士学位论文《碳纤维增强木纤维/聚乙烯复合材料的制备及性能硏究》中，分别使用短切碳纤维、连续长碳纤维代替木塑复合材料中部分木纤维，研究了碳纤维添加量、碳纤维表面处理、碳布木塑板组合工艺结构以及不同的加工工艺对复合材料力学性能和其他性能的影响。但是存在力学性能、冲击性能、阻燃性能不足。
本发明先将杨木粉研磨粉碎、过筛、干燥，再用丙烯酸溶液、KH550/乙醇溶液浸泡处理，过滤、水洗、干燥后得到改性木纤维，改性后的木纤维在基体中的分散性好，相容性高，与基体的界面结合性能得到改善；且提高了复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击韧性，提高了复合材料的综合性能和耐热性。用三聚氰胺对聚磷酸铵进行活化改性处理后，再与可膨胀石墨、包覆红磷混合球磨，相互间存在协同作用，得到复合阻燃剂，用于提高复合材料的阻燃性能。
发明内容
本发明主要解决的技术问题是提供一种可生物降解的聚乳酸-PBS-木纤维复合泡沫材料及其制备工艺，依照该工艺制备的板材力学性能好，且具有良好的阻燃性能，可生物降解。
本发明所要解决的技术问题采用以下的技术方案来实现：
聚乳酸25-35，PBS 20-30，杨木粉30-40，碳酸氢钠10-15，过氧化二异丙苯3-5，纳米碳酸钙4-9，KH550 5-8，聚磷酸铵6-10，三聚氰胺4-8，可膨胀石墨3-6，包覆红磷2-5，丙烯酸溶液、乙醇、乙二醇、蒸馏水适量。
一种可生物降解的聚乳酸-PBS-木纤维复合泡沫材料，其特征在于，按以下步骤进行：
a. 将杨木粉研磨粉碎，过20-40目筛后，放入鼓风干燥箱中于100-120℃干燥2-4h，1:10-20加入丙烯酸溶液中，浸泡处理1-3h后，过滤，再1:10-15加入KH550/乙醇溶液中，浸泡处理2-3h，过滤、水洗3-5次，于80-90℃烘箱中干燥3-6h，得改性木纤维；
b. 向纳米碳酸钙中1:10-20加入乙醇，搅拌均匀，配成悬浮液，在高速剪切仪下分散5-10min，加入剩余份的KH550，继续高速剪切分散20-40min，于60-70℃真空干燥完全，密封备用；
c. 将聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺放入反应釜中，升温至240-260℃反应3-4h后，过滤、乙二醇洗涤3-5次，在100-120℃下真空烘干，得活化改性聚磷酸铵，将其与可膨胀石墨、包覆红磷混合，研磨粉碎过100-200目筛，待用；
d. 将聚乳酸、PBS在80-90℃下干燥6-10h后，与a、b、c中所得物料及过氧化二异丙苯、碳酸氢钠在双辊塑炼机上混合，在120-140℃下开练10-30min后压制成片，常温下放置10-20h后，再用平板硫化机在140-160℃下模压10-20min进行发泡成型。
其中，步骤a中丙烯酸溶液浓度为0.1-0.3mol/L；步骤a中所述KH550/乙醇溶液是将3-5份的KH550 1:5:90-100溶解于蒸馏水、乙醇中，并将溶液pH调节为3-5。
本发明的反应机理如下：
（1）先将杨木粉研磨粉碎、过筛、干燥，再用丙烯酸溶液、KH550/乙醇溶液浸泡处理，过滤、水洗、干燥后得到改性木纤维，改性后的木纤维在基体中的分散性好，相容性高，与基体的界面结合性能得到改善；且提高了复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、冲击韧性，提高了复合材料的综合性能和耐热性。
（2）用三聚氰胺对聚磷酸铵进行活化改性处理后，再与可膨胀石墨、包覆红磷混合球磨，相互间存在协同作用，得到复合阻燃剂，用于提高复合材料的阻燃性能。
（3）用乙醇、KH550对纳米碳酸钙进行改性，改性后与木纤维、聚乳酸更好的结合，以过氧化二异丙苯为交联剂，以碳酸氢钠为发泡剂，木纤维为发泡成核剂，制备了聚乳酸-聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)-杨木纤维复合泡沫材料，可生物降解，应用于缓冲包装。
具体实施方式
为了使本发明实现的技术手段、创作特征、达成目的与功效易于明白了解，下面结合具体实施例，进一步阐述本发明。
实施例
一种可生物降解的聚乳酸-PBS-木纤维复合泡沫材料，由下述重量份(g)的原料制得：
聚乳酸35，PBS 30，杨木粉40，碳酸氢钠15，过氧化二异丙苯5，纳米碳酸钙9，KH550 8，聚磷酸铵10，三聚氰胺8，可膨胀石墨6，包覆红磷5，丙烯酸溶液、乙醇、乙二醇、蒸馏水适量。
一种可生物降解的聚乳酸-PBS-木纤维复合泡沫材料，其特征在于，按以下步骤进行：
a. 将杨木粉研磨粉碎，过40目筛后，放入鼓风干燥箱中于100-120℃干燥3h，1:20加入丙烯酸溶液中，浸泡处理2h后，过滤，再1:15加入KH550/乙醇溶液中，浸泡处理3h，过滤、水洗3次，于80-90℃烘箱中干燥4h，得改性木纤维；
b. 向纳米碳酸钙中1:20加入乙醇，搅拌均匀，配成悬浮液，在高速剪切仪下分散10min，加入剩余份的KH550，继续高速剪切分散30min，于60-70℃真空干燥完全，密封备用；
c. 将聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺放入反应釜中，升温至240-260℃反应3h后，过滤、乙二醇洗涤3次，在100-120℃下真空烘干，得活化改性聚磷酸铵，将其与可膨胀石墨、包覆红磷混合，研磨粉碎过100目筛，待用；
d. 将聚乳酸、PBS在80-90℃下干燥10h后，与a、b、c中所得物料及过氧化二异丙苯、碳酸氢钠在双辊塑炼机上混合，在130-140℃下开练30min后压制成片，常温下放置15h后，再用平板硫化机在140-150℃下模压20min进行发泡成型。

Claims (5)

1.一种可生物降解的聚乳酸-PBS-木纤维复合泡沫材料的制备方法，其特征在于：
先将杨木粉研磨粉碎、过筛、干燥，再用丙烯酸溶液、KH550/乙醇溶液浸泡处理，过滤、水洗、干燥后得到改性木纤维；用乙醇、KH550对纳米碳酸钙进行改性；用三聚氰胺对聚磷酸铵进行活化改性处理，再与可膨胀石墨、包覆红磷混合球磨，得到复合阻燃剂；将复合阻燃剂与改性木纤维、改性纳米碳酸钙、聚乳酸、PBS在双辊塑炼机上混合，模压发泡成型。
2.一种可生物降解的聚乳酸-PBS-木纤维复合泡沫材料，其特征在于，由下
述重量份的原料制得：
聚乳酸25-35，PBS 20-30，杨木粉30-40，碳酸氢钠10-15，过氧化二异丙苯3-5，纳米碳酸钙4-9，KH550 5-8，聚磷酸铵6-10，三聚氰胺4-8，可膨胀石墨3-6，包覆红磷2-5，丙烯酸溶液、乙醇、乙二醇、蒸馏水适量。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种可生物降解的聚乳酸-PBS-木纤维复合泡沫材料的制备方法，其特征在于，按以下步骤进行：
a. 将杨木粉研磨粉碎，过20-40目筛后，放入鼓风干燥箱中于100-120℃干燥2-4h，1:10-20加入丙烯酸溶液中，浸泡处理1-3h后，过滤，再1:10-15加入KH550/乙醇溶液中，浸泡处理2-3h，过滤、水洗3-5次，于80-90℃烘箱中干燥3-6h，得改性木纤维；
b. 向纳米碳酸钙中1:10-20加入乙醇，搅拌均匀，配成悬浮液，在高速剪切仪下分散5-10min，加入剩余份的KH550，继续高速剪切分散20-40min，于60-70℃真空干燥完全，密封备用；
c. 将聚磷酸铵、三聚氰胺放入反应釜中，升温至240-260℃反应3-4h后，过滤、乙二醇洗涤3-5次，在100-120℃下真空烘干，得活化改性聚磷酸铵，将其与可膨胀石墨、包覆红磷混合，研磨粉碎过100-200目筛，待用；
d. 将聚乳酸、PBS在80-90℃下干燥6-10h后，与a、b、c中所得物料及过氧化二异丙苯、碳酸氢钠在双辊塑炼机上混合，在120-140℃下开练10-30min后压制成片，常温下放置10-20h后，再用平板硫化机在140-160℃下模压10-20min进行发泡成型。
4.权利要求3所述的一种可生物降解的聚乳酸-PBS-木纤维复合泡沫材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤a中丙烯酸溶液浓度为0.1-0.3mol/L。
5.权利要求3所述的一种可生物降解的聚乳酸-PBS-木纤维复合泡沫材料的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤a中所述KH550/乙醇溶液是将3-5份的KH550 1:5:90-100溶解于蒸馏水、乙醇中，并将溶液pH调节为3-5。
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CN113604021A (zh) * 2021-09-15 2021-11-05 湖南金箭新材料科技有限公司 一种纳米碳酸钙/聚乳酸复合材料及制备方法
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