CN107054121A - 多功能的且高度集成的整流器部件 - Google Patents

多功能的且高度集成的整流器部件 Download PDF

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CN107054121A
CN107054121A CN201710074272.XA CN201710074272A CN107054121A CN 107054121 A CN107054121 A CN 107054121A CN 201710074272 A CN201710074272 A CN 201710074272A CN 107054121 A CN107054121 A CN 107054121A
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CN107054121B (zh
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R.库施
H.施勒德
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Volkswagen AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/003—Constructional details, e.g. physical layout, assembly, wiring or busbar connections
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0092—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption with use of redundant elements for safety purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/24—Using the vehicle's propulsion converter for charging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • B60L2210/42—Voltage source inverters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/52—Drive Train control parameters related to converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种多功能的且高度集成的整流器部件，其用于机动车，其中，整流器部件具有至少一个功能上多用的功率电子构件(101‑106,201‑206,C)。

Description

多功能的且高度集成的整流器部件
技术领域
本发明涉及功率电子部件的领域、尤其涉及一种用于控制机动车中的功率流的整流器部件。
背景技术
逆变器(Wechselrichter)被用于以来自直流电源的功率供给交流电动机，或者被用于从直流电源(例如锂离子电池或燃料电池)提供交流功率源。
由德国的公开文献DE 10 2008 034 357 A1例如已知一种DC升压转换器(Aufwaertswandler)，在其中将电感的运行与DC/AC逆变器的输入电容经由一种开关结构相结合，以便以功率供给DC/AC逆变器。利用该方式，代替昂贵的粗大的高压DC总线电容可使用带有较少失效概率和较少成本的较小尺寸的电容，以便控制高压DC总线。
此外，由德国专利DE 101 56 694 B4已知一种电路组件，其用于从较小功率(10kVA至5mVA)的发电机(Stromerzeuger)产生三相交流电以馈入电网中。该电路组件为了发电机至电网的能量流包括发电机侧的二极管整流器(Gleichrichter)、发电机侧的高置位调节器(Hochsetzsteller)、由两个串联的电容组形成的中间电路(Zwischenkreis)和电网侧的逆变器，以及为了从蓄能器或电网至发电机的能量流包括电网侧的二极管整流器、电网侧的高置位调节器、由两个串联的电容组形成的中间电路和发电机侧的逆变器。
在不同的电气的车辆设计如混动-、燃料电池-和电动车辆(例如BEV,PHEV,FCEV,REEV)中，对于行驶转换器(Fahrumrichter)、辅助设备和蓄能器需要完全不同的用于控制功率流的功率电子部件。目前的现有技术利用各自本身的用于相应的行驶转换器、辅助设备和蓄能器的部件操控这。这关于驱动功率造成功率电子部件的大量多重装设。
高度集成目前主要在例如功率电子装置(Leistungselektronik)集成到电机处的方面来理解。这导致在轴附近反正已极限的安装空间中的进一步紧张。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种至少部分克服上述缺点的整流器部件。
该目的通过按照权利要求1所述的根据本发明的整流器部件来实现。本发明的另外的有利的设计方案由本发明的优选的实施例的接下来的说明和从属权利要求得出。
根据本发明的用于机动车的整流器部件具有至少一个功能上多用的功率电子构件。这样的多功能的整流器部件有利地可被应用在基于电气驱动的车辆中，例如在电动车(EV)中、在插电式混动车辆(PHEV)、燃料电池车辆(FCEV)中、在行程延伸的电动车辆(REEV)中等等。
该功率电子构件例如可以是主动的或被动的功率电子部件，例如电容或功率电子开关。该功率电子开关构件也可以是由多个功率电子元件构成的组件，例如是形成逆变器的多个IGTB开关。
设置至少一个功能上多用的功率电子部件具有该优点，即多用的功率电子构件可用作用于关于一个或多个辅助设备、蓄能器、充电源和/或行驶转换器的整流(Stromrichtung)的共同的功率电子装置，从而由此可取消多余的功率电子结构元件。
例如，根据本发明的整流器部件的多用的功率电子构件实现用于机动车的多个辅助设备的功率电子装置。这具有该优点，即无须对于每个辅助设备提供自己的功率电子装置例如自己的逆变器，从而结果须较少地设置功率电子构件。
根据本发明的整流器的多用的功率电子构件也可实现用于带有多个长期蓄能器的驱动系统的功率电子装置。这又具有该下优点，即可节省功率电子装置。
根据本发明的优选的实施形式，多用的功率电子构件尤其用于充电功能和行驶功能。多用的功率电子构件例如可根据机动车的运行模式被用作用于HV功率充电(Leistungsladen)的逆变器，或者用作用于辅助设备(例如HV起动器、飞轮存储器、传动机构用的电机)的运行的逆变器，等等。
根据一实施形式，多用的功率电子构件是被动的结构元件、尤其中间电路电容。如此，例如唯一的中间电路电容可用于多个辅助设备的馈给。
根据另一实施形式，多用的功率电子构件包括例如用作逆变器的功率电子开关。如此，例如功率电子开关不仅可形成用于第一辅助设备的逆变器，而且可形成用于第二辅助设备的逆变器。
此外，整流器部件可包括一个或多个被控制的开关，其将多用的功率电子构件选择性地与辅助设备或充电源联接。以该方式，多用的功率电子构件不仅可被用于运行模式充电而且可被用于运行模式行驶。这具有该优点，即以少量附加部件也可实现>20kW的较高的充电功率。如此，例如可将导线连结的充电单元实施为根据本发明的整流器部件的部分。
根据本发明的整流器的多用的功率电子构件例如可用作用于辅助设备(如HV起动器、飞轮存储器、传动功能用的电机、E涡轮或空调压缩机)的功率电子装置。根据本发明的整流器的多用的功率电子构件也可用作用于能量源(如HV功率充电或12V/48V蓄能器)的功率电子装置。此外，根据本发明的整流器的多用的功率电子构件也可与行驶转换器共同作用，行驶转换器与电机(其驱动机动车的传动系)相连接或者再生地转换所获得的能量。
在一优选的实施例中，根据本发明的整流器部件在中央且高度集成地实现多个辅助设备或能量源的功率电子装置。例如可将相应需要的变换器-和DC/DC转换器模块安置在相同的结构空间上。因此可实现根据本发明的整流器部件的结构级(如多重辅助设备和双重长期蓄能器)。
此外，整流器部件可模块化地实现用于多个辅助设备和/或能量源的功率电子装置。在根据本发明的整流器部件的结构级内可以以这样的方式根据积木原理实现多个、例如三个至四个结构。
附图说明
现在示例性地且参照附图来说明本发明的实施例，其中：
图1示意性地显示了用于机动车的根据本发明的整流器部件的第一实施例；
图2示意性地显示了用于机动车的根据本发明的整流器部件的第二实施例；
图3示意性地显示了用于机动车的根据本发明的整流器部件的第三实施例。
附图标记清单
1 整流器部件
2 高压电池
3 行驶转换器
4 电机
5 充电前端
6 用于充电前端的充电接口
10 DC/AC转换器
101-106 功率电子开关
20 DC/AC转换器
201-206 功率电子开关
L1-L5 扼流圈(Drossel)
T1,T2 DC/DC转换器
C1,C2 电容
S1,S2 开关
C 中间电路电容
31 辅助设备
32 蓄能器
33 用于HV功率充电的接口
34 用于12V/48V-MiniHEV的接口
35 辅助设备
36 低压侧蓄能器
37 400V子系统。
具体实施方式
用于机动车的根据本发明的整流器部件的第一实施例在图1中示出。该实施例的根据本发明的整流器部件1包括两个DC/AC转换器10,20。DC/AC转换器10由六个功率电子开关101-106(例如IGTB开关)构成且与中间电路电容C相联接，中间电路电容将DC/AC转换器10在共同的直流电压平面上与DC/AC转换器20、与高压电池2且与行驶转换器3联接。高压电池2例如可以是带有400V电压的锂离子蓄电池，从而高压电网的HV拓扑(电位(Spannungslage))设计为400V系统。行驶转换器3将由高压电池2所提供的直流电压转换成交变电压，利用该交变电压来驱动与机动车的传动系(未示出)相联接的电机4。
集成在根据本发明的整流器部件1中的DC/AC转换器10将由高压电池2所提供的直流电压转换成三相的交变电压，该交变电压经由两个开关S1,S2被供应给辅助设备31。辅助设备31例如是带有20kW功率容量的HV起动器、带有20kW功率容量的飞轮存储器或用于传动功能的电机。
借助于可以是简单的开关(例如保护继电器)的开关S1,S2，将DC/AC转换器10选择性地与辅助设备31相联接，或者备选地与设置用于给高压电池2充电的接口33,34相联接。该实施例的充电接口例如是用于HV功率充电33的接口和到12V/48V-MiniHEV(低压车载电网)处的接口。用于HV功率充电33的接口经由DC/DC转换器T1和滤波器L1,C1联接到DC/AC转换器10处。12V/48V-MiniHEV34经由功率电子开关部件30、DC/DC转换器T2和滤波器L2,C2联接到DC/AC转换器10处。经由12V/48V-MiniHEV充电接口34，可将高压电网与低压电网、尤其与低压电池(未示出)相联接。开关部件30例如可包括两个MOSFET或IGBT功率开关，其可将在12/48V电网处的电流和电压置于变压器T2右侧。未示出布线和开关部件30的构件的精确数量，而是仅通过开关部件30来表示。用于HV功率充电33的接口与行驶转换器3相联接且用于高压电池2的可再生的充电。
此外，与根据本发明的整流器的高压-直流电压平面还联接有充电前端5，其例如针对11,22或44kW功率容量来设计，且其用于借助于外部交流电源(未示出)经由充电接口6给高压电池2充电。
在该实施例的整流器部件1中，DC/AC转换器10的功率电子开关101-106按照开关S1,S2的位置被用于两个不同的功能，即一方面在运行模式“充电”(在该模式中DC/AC转换器10与充电接口33和34相联接并且被用于给高压电池2充电)中，或者另一方面在运行模式“行驶”(在该模式中DC/AC转换器10与辅助设备31相联接并且被用于辅助设备31的运行)中。以该方式可避免对于这些功能中的每个提供自己的功率电子装置。
另外的DC/AC转换器20(其与DC/AC转换器10一起集成在根据本发明的整流器部件1中)由六个功率电子开关201-206(例如IGTB开关)构成并且与同一中间电路电容C(DC/AC转换器10也利用其)相联接。该另外的DC/AC转换器20将由高压电池2所提供的直流电压转换成三相交变电压，其被供应给另外的辅助设备35。另外的辅助设备35例如是带有5kW功率容量的E涡轮或机动车的空调压缩机。因为这两个DC/AC转换器10和20集成在共同的中央整流器部件1中，中间电路电容C是被多重利用的被动的功率电子构件。可取消对于这两个DC/AC转换器10和20中的每个设置自己的电容，如当对于这两个辅助设备31和35分散地分别构建自己的功率电子装置时将是这样的情况。
图2显示了用于机动车的根据本发明的整流器部件的第二个实施例。只要图2的该实施例相应于图1的实施例，使部件设有相同的附图标记且不重复说明。第二实施例的整流器部件1与第一实施例的整流器部件中区别在于，DC/AC转换器20不同于在图1的实施例中不将另外的辅助设备(图1中的35)联接到高压电网处，而是提供蓄能器32，其此处例如实施为带有50kW功率的低压侧蓄能器。蓄能器32经由三个扼流圈L3,L4,L5联接到DC/AC转换器20处且例如可给辅助设备31或与传动系相连接的电机4提供电功率。图2的实施形式的DC/AC转换器20的功率电子开关201-206与作为DC/DC转换器的扼流圈L3,L4,L5共同作用。因此，根据本发明的整流器部件使能够根据整流器部件的构造对于不同的功能利用功率电子构件(这里图1,2和3的实施形式的功率电子开关201-206)，例如作为DC/AC转换器(根据图1的实施形式)或者作为DC/DC转换器(根据图2和3的实施形式)。此外，该实施例的整流器部件1使能够借助于多用的中间电路电容C实现用于带有多个长期蓄能器的驱动系统的功率电子装置。
图1的整流器部件的变型是可能的。如此例如可取消用于12/48V车载电网的DC/DC转换器T2。
根据本发明的整流器的高压拓扑(电位)可基于任意的系统电压，例如基于400V系统(图1和图2)或也可基于800V系统。也可考虑400V和800V系统的混合拓扑。
图3显示了用于机动车的根据本发明的整流器部件的第三实施例，在其中在多个蓄能器系统/800V混合系统中来运行整流器部件1。只要图3的该实施例相应于图1和2的实施例，使部件设有相同的附图标记且不重复说明。第三实施例的整流器部件1与第一和第二实施例的整流器部件区别在于，HV拓扑设计为800V系统，也就是说整流器部件1的第二AC/DC转换器联接电位800V的高压电池。在电位800V的低压侧蓄能器36后面，在图3的实施例中此外还接有400V子系统37。
混合800V系统的优点在于不需要将所有HV部件整个接到800V上。主驱动部件可基于功率密集的800V系统，而对于另外的辅助驱动器或靠近传动装置的电机存在灵活性。也可实现双电池系统，功率电子开关用于行驶和充电的多重利用以及关于被动部件的数量的优化设计可在400V/800V混合系统处实现。
在该第三实施例的范围中又可考虑不同的结构形式。如此例如可取消驱动/辅助设备(图3中的31)的联结、例如取消HV起动器或发电机、用于传动功能的电机、E涡轮或飞轮存储器的联结。同样可取消用于12/48V车载电网的DC/DC转换器T2。也可附加地设置有用于低压侧蓄能器(在低压侧电网中以及在牵引网络处的电池)的DC/DC-转换器或者用于低压侧蓄能器的DC/DC转换器(在牵引网络处的800V电池以及在低压侧电网中的400V电池)。代替用于低压侧蓄能器(在低压侧电网中以及在牵引网络处的电池)的高功率DC/DC转换器，也可使用带有两个低压侧电位的三端口。
在图1,2和3的上面所示的整流器部件处特别有利地可见的是在相同结构空间上的多功能集成和高功率充电单元的集成。从减少被动的构件和功率电子部件的角度来看，利用本发明的方式因此使高度集成变得更强。功率电子开关在运行模式行驶和充电中的多重利用尤其是有利的，其中，利用少量附加部件也可实现>20kW的较高的充电功率。可减少例如由DC/DC转换器、充电单元和功率调节器所需的被动构件(扼流圈和中间电路电容)。用该方式比用传统的单个部件更好地利用功率密集的驱动系统的潜力。
用于此处所示的开关的开关构造可通过控制信号来控制，控制信号以对于专业人士已知的方式由控制器基于大量控制模式和反馈信号来产生。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于机动车的整流器部件(1)，其中，所述整流器部件具有至少一个功能上多用的功率电子构件(101-106,201-206,C)。
2.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的整流器部件，其中，所述多用的功率电子构件(101-106,201-206,C)实现用于所述机动车的多个辅助设备的功率电子装置。
3.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的整流器部件，其中，所述多用的功率电子构件(101-106,201-206,C)实现用于带有多个长期蓄能器(2,36)的驱动系统的功率电子装置。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的整流器部件，其中，所述多用的功率电子构件(101-106,201-206,C)用于充电功能和行驶功能。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的整流器部件，其中，所述多用的功率电子构件(101-106,201-206,C)是被动的结构元件(C)。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的整流器部件，其中，所述多用的功率电子构件包括功率电子开关(101-106,201-206)，其例如用作逆变器(10,20)。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的整流器部件，其包括至少一个被控制的开关(S1,S2)，所述开关将所述多用的功率电子构件(101-106)选择性地与辅助设备或充电源联接。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的整流器部件，其中，所述多用的功率电子构件(101-106,201-206,C)用作用于HV起动器、飞轮存储器、传动功能用的电机、E涡轮或空调压缩机、HV功率充电或12V/48V蓄能器或行驶转换器的功率电子装置。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的整流器，其在中央且高度集成地实现多个辅助设备(31,35)或能量源(2,36)的功率电子装置。
10.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的整流器，其模块化地实现用于多个辅助设备(31,35)和/或能量源(2,36)的功率电子装置。
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