CN107050372B - 一种防治虹鳟肝胆综合症的中药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种防治虹鳟肝胆综合症的中药组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种防治虹鳟肝胆综合症的中药组合物，按重量份数计包括如下中药组份：茵陈10‑20份、郁金5‑10份、杜仲5‑15份、板蓝根5‑15份、芒果叶5‑15份、印楝根3‑10份。本发明通过上述原料的配伍，提供一种高效安全、绿色环保防治虹鳟肝胆综合症的中药组合物，尤其适用于由细菌性引起的肝胆病变及营养性脂肪肝、肝胆肿大等肝胆综合症的防治。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产兽药领域，具体涉及到一种防治虹鳟肝胆综合症的中药组合物。
背景技术
虹鳟，俗称鳟鱼，原产地北美西部，在中国为引进品种。因其肉里无刺，易于消化，富含维生素D、铁元素的含量、高度不饱和脂肪酸特别是22炭6烯酸和20炭5烯酸，前者具有助脑发育成长，活化脑细胞，延缓脑老化的功效，后者具有降低血脂，防止动脉硬化，心肌梗塞和脑中风的功效，鱼皮富含蛋白质，具有美容和强健筋骨的功效，除此还含有能供给人体必需的氨基酸、矿物质、维生素A和维生素D等人体所需元素，因此虹鳟常被称为水中人参，具有较高的营养价值。
虹鳟由于较适合人工集约化养殖，且产量高，养殖效率高，市场前景广阔。我国的虹鳟养殖主要分布在北京、黑龙江、山东、山西、辽宁、吉林、陕西等地，近年来产业发展迅速，但由于对其营养、病害防治研究滞后，养殖过程经常易出现投喂饵料营养成分不足导致的肝脂肪变性病、维生素缺乏症等病害。
引起虹鳟肝胆综合症的因素很多，如有营养性引起的：如缺乏胆碱、VE、生物素、肌醇、VB等，造成鱼体内脂肪代谢障碍，导致脂肪在肝脏中积累，诱发病变；或饲料的营养配比不合理，饲料中蛋白质含量过高、碳水化合物含量偏高或长期使用动物性脂肪和高度饱和脂肪酸等，导致饲料能量蛋白比过高，易诱发肝脏脂肪积累，破坏肝功能，导致肝胆综合症的发生；有管理不善引起的：如饲料发霉变质，产生的毒害物质将直接对鱼类肝脏产生危害。另外，水质环境恶化，鱼体内氨的代谢产物难以排出，也易引起鱼类代谢失衡从而引发肝胆疾病的发生。同时，长期在饲料中添加低剂量化学药物或使用副作用大、残留高的鱼药也会造成鱼类肝胆损伤，诱发肝病发生。
目前市场常规的防治方法是在饲料中添加维生素、胆碱等来防治，但效果不是特别理想，而中兽药制剂如肝胆利康散、柴黄益肝散等复方由于工艺和鱼类消化道机构等原因，效果也不理想，因此探寻安全、高效不产生耐药性的治疗方法是目前研究的重点。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足之处，提供了一种能有效防治虹鳟肝胆综合症的中药组合物及其制备方法。
本发明实现目的的技术方案如下:
一种防治虹鳟肝胆综合症的中药组合物，按重量份数计包括如下中药组份：茵陈10-20份、郁金5-10份、杜仲5-15份、板蓝根5-15份、芒果叶5-15份、印楝根3-10份。
进一步地，按重量份数计包括如下组份：茵陈15份、郁金7份、杜仲10份、板蓝根8份、芒果叶10份、印楝根5份。
本发明还提供了上述防治虹鳟肝胆综合症的中药组合物的制备方法，包括如下制备步骤：
1)将芒果叶干燥粉碎至，用9倍量的乙醇回流提取2次，每次3小时，合并每次所得提取液，回收溶剂，用真空干燥箱50℃干燥，得芒果叶提取物；
2)将印楝根粉碎，用95％甲醇冷浸提取3次，每次4-5小时，合并每次所得提取液，减压浓缩至无甲醇蒸出，得到印楝根提取物；
3)将茵陈、郁金、杜仲、板蓝根按量称取，混合、粉碎过筛成40目的粉末，放入煎煮容器内，加入4-6倍质量的水，浸泡2小时，然后煎熬2小时，过滤，将药汁倒出；再次向药渣内加入相对于粉末质量2-4倍的水，煎熬1小时，过滤，得药汁；将两次过滤所得药汁混合，得中药混合液；
4)分别将芒果叶提取物、印楝根提取物加入到步骤3)所得中药混合液中，搅拌、稀释混合均匀，置入真空浓缩设备中进行浓缩，浓缩温度为60-70℃，浓缩时间为0.5-1小时，得混合浓缩液。
进一步地，可以将步骤4)所得混合浓缩液，继续减压浓缩除去70％-80％体积的水，加入乙酸乙酯进行萃取，将获得的乙酸乙酯溶液进行减压浓缩除去其中的乙酸乙酯溶剂，随后干燥，将干燥所得物粉碎成60目粉末，再加入质量是所述粉末3-5倍的淀粉，混合均匀，用20目筛制粒，在60℃-70℃烘箱中烘烤30分钟，获得防治虹鳟肝胆综合症的中药组合物。
本发明所提供的防治虹鳟肝胆综合症的中药组合物中，芒果叶资源丰富、价格低廉、分布地域广，四季可采，芒果叶含有丰富的芒果苷、异芒果苷、槲皮素、原儿茶酸、没食子酸等多种药物活性成分，其具有镇咳、平喘、祛痰、免疫、抗炎、保肝利胆、抗脂质过氧化、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗菌等作用；同时本发明在使用时经过进一步提取，提高了药物的生物利用度和药效学活性，使本发明的芒果叶提取物同时具有较强的抗氧化活性，具有抗氧化、免疫调节、提高免疫功能和促进生长的作用；
印楝根，取自印楝树根，其有效成分为印楝三萜化合物、黄酮类化合物等，一般是作为杀虫剂使用。通过本发明的制备方法，其提取物相较于印楝树叶及树皮具有较低的毒性，具有较强的抗菌、抑菌、提升免疫力的作用。
目前对印楝根提取物、芒果叶提取物同时作为水产饲料添加剂原料与其他中药组分配伍使用的研究报道较少，本发明通过上述原料的配伍，提供一种高效安全、绿色环保防治虹鳟肝胆综合症的中药组合物，尤其适用于由细菌性引起的肝胆病变及营养性脂肪肝、肝胆肿大、花肝等防肝胆综合症的防治，同时可以有效提升虹鳟鱼的抗病免疫力，促其生长，从而能大幅提升养殖虹鳟的成活率及品质；该药物组合物无毒副作用，不会产生危害人类健康的药物残留、不污染环境、不会引发药源性疾病。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步详述，以下实施例只是描述性的，不是限定性的，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围。
实施例1
防治虹鳟肝胆综合症的中药组合物：茵陈10份、郁金5份、杜仲5份、板蓝根5份、芒果叶5份、印楝根3份。
中药组合物的制备方法为：
1)将上述芒果叶干燥粉碎至，用9倍量的乙醇回流提取2次，每次3小时，合并每次所得提取液，回收溶剂，用真空干燥箱50℃干燥，得芒果叶提取物；
2)将上述印楝根粉碎，用95％甲醇冷浸提取3次，每次4-5小时，合并每次所得提取液，减压浓缩至无甲醇蒸出，得到印楝根提取物；
3)将茵陈、郁金、杜仲、板蓝根按量称取，混合、粉碎过筛成40目的粉末，放入煎煮容器内，加入4-6倍质量的水，浸泡2小时，然后煎熬2小时，过滤，将药汁倒出；再次向药渣内加入相对于粉末质量2-4倍的水，煎熬1小时，过滤，得药汁；将两次过滤所得药汁混合，得中药混合液；
4)分别将芒果叶提取物、印楝根提取物加入到步骤3)所得中药混合液中，搅拌、稀释混合均匀，置入真空浓缩设备中进行浓缩，浓缩温度为60-70℃，浓缩时间为0.5-1小时，得混合浓缩液。
5)所得混合浓缩液，继续减压浓缩除去70％-80％体积的水，加入乙酸乙酯进行萃取，将获得的乙酸乙酯溶液进行减压浓缩除去其中的乙酸乙酯溶剂，随后干燥，将干燥所得物粉碎成60目粉末，再加入质量是所述粉末3-5倍的淀粉，混合均匀，用20目筛制粒，在60℃-70℃烘箱中烘烤30分钟，获得防治虹鳟肝胆综合症的中药组合物。
实施例2
防治虹鳟肝胆综合症的中药组合物，组份如下：茵陈15份、郁金7份、杜仲10份、板蓝根8份、芒果叶10份、印楝根5份。
其制备方法与实施例1相同。
实施例3
防治虹鳟肝胆综合症的中药组合物，
茵陈20份、郁金10份、杜仲15份、板蓝根15份、芒果叶15份、印楝根10份。其制备方法与实施例1相同。
实验对比
1、某虹鳟养殖场，由于饲料长期营养配比不合理，油脂含量过高，导致大面积爆发肝胆综合症，主要是肝脂肪变性病，集中表现为病鱼极度衰弱，体色发黑，鳃色变换，独游水面或在排水口附近慢游；死鱼解剖可见肝脏肿大脂肪变性，占体重的1.5％-4.0％(200克虹鳟正常值为0.8％)。胆囊肿大呈黄色透明，肠道末端溃疡充血，充满黄色粘液；患病后鱼不断的死亡。
选取染病虹鳟随机分为5组，每组中4个重复，每个重复25尾鱼。4组中1组空白组为仅投喂市售基础饲料；1组对照组在市售基础饲料中添加了2％的胆碱；3组为实验组，实验组分实验1、2、3组，在基础饲料的基础上，分别对应饲喂本发明所示实施例1、2、3，饲喂添加量为基础饲料重量的2％。
对照组与实验组的饲养环境和饲料质量严格保持一致，连续投喂一周，各实验组死亡率均大大降低，其中实验组2在一周死亡率仅为4％，治愈率极高，可以认为染病虹鳟获得了较强的免疫保护。而对照组也起到一定的治疗效果，但其远不如本发明所采用各组分配伍的效果。
| 组别 | 三天死亡率 | 一周死亡率 |
| 空白组 | 60％ | 95％ |
| 对照组 | 50％ | 89％ |
| 实验组1 | 8％ | 12％ |
| 实验组2 | 2％ | 4％ |
| 实验组3 | 6％ | 8％ |
表1
以上对本发明的较佳实施例进行了详细说明，但所述内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例，不能被认为用于限定本发明的实施范围。凡依本发明申请范围所作的均等变化与改进等，均应仍归属于本发明的专利涵盖范围之内。
Claims (1)
1.一种防治虹鳟肝胆综合症的中药组合物，其特征在于按重量份数计由如下中药组份组成：茵陈15份、郁金7份、杜仲10份、板蓝根8份、芒果叶10份、印楝根5份,所述中药组合物的制备方法，包括如下制备步骤：
1)按量称取芒果叶，干燥粉碎，用9倍量的乙醇回流提取2次，每次3小时，合并每次所得提取液，回收溶剂，用真空干燥箱50℃干燥，得芒果叶提取物；
2)按量称取印楝根，粉碎，用95％甲醇冷浸提取3次，每次4-5小时，合并每次所得提取液，减压浓缩至无甲醇蒸出，得到印楝根提取物；
3)将茵陈、郁金、杜仲、板蓝根按量称取，混合、粉碎过筛成40目的粉末，放入煎煮容器内，加入4-6倍质量的水，浸泡2小时，然后煎熬2小时，过滤，将药汁倒出；再次向药渣内加入相对于粉末质量2-4倍的水，煎熬1小时，过滤，得药汁；将两次过滤所得药汁混合，得中药混合液；
4)分别将芒果叶提取物、印楝根提取物加入到步骤3)所得中药混合液中，搅拌、稀释混合均匀，置入真空浓缩设备中进行浓缩，浓缩温度为60-70℃，浓缩时间为0.5-1小时，得混合浓缩液；
5)将步骤4)所得混合浓缩液，继续减压浓缩除去70％-80％体积的水，加入乙酸乙酯进行萃取，将获得的乙酸乙酯溶液进行减压浓缩除去其中的乙酸乙酯溶剂，随后干燥，将干燥所得物粉碎成60目粉末，再加入质量是所述粉末3-5倍的淀粉，混合均匀，用20目筛制粒，在60℃-70℃烘箱中烘烤30分钟，获得防治虹鳟肝胆综合症的中药组合物。
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