CN107044739B - Refrigerator, method for manufacturing refrigerator, and method for improving COP - Google Patents
Refrigerator, method for manufacturing refrigerator, and method for improving COP Download PDFInfo
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- CN107044739B CN107044739B CN201710060845.3A CN201710060845A CN107044739B CN 107044739 B CN107044739 B CN 107044739B CN 201710060845 A CN201710060845 A CN 201710060845A CN 107044739 B CN107044739 B CN 107044739B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
- C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
- C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
- C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
- C10M171/008—Lubricant compositions compatible with refrigerants
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B45/00—Arrangements for charging or discharging refrigerant
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2205/00—Aspects relating to compounds used in compression type refrigeration systems
- C09K2205/10—Components
- C09K2205/12—Hydrocarbons
- C09K2205/122—Halogenated hydrocarbons
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2211/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only
- C10M2211/022—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen and halogen only aliphatic
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2345/00—Details for charging or discharging refrigerants; Service stations therefor
- F25B2345/001—Charging refrigerant to a cycle
Abstract
The present invention provides a refrigerator 10, the refrigerator 10 includes a refrigerant cycle 6 having a compressor 1, a condenser 2, an expansion device 3 and an evaporator 4, the refrigerant cycle 6 is filled with a refrigerant and a refrigerator oil, and a working fluid composed of the refrigerant and the refrigerator oil exhibits a thickness of 2 to 4mm under conditions of a temperature of 80 ℃ and an absolute pressure of 3.4MPa2Refrigerant dissolution viscosity/s.
Description
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a refrigerator, a method for manufacturing the refrigerator, and a method for improving COP.
Background
The refrigerator includes a refrigerant cycle system having a compressor, a condenser, an expansion device, an evaporator, and the like. In a refrigerant cycle system, a cycle comprising the following steps is repeated, utilizing the phenomenon that heat is taken from the surroundings when a liquid is vaporized: the compression and temperature rise of the vaporized refrigerant in the compressor, the liquefaction of the refrigerant by heat-releasing condensation in the condenser, the decompression and expansion in the expansion device, and the vaporization of the refrigerant in the evaporator.
As an index for evaluating the performance of such a refrigerator, Coefficient of performance (COP) is often used. COP indicates a ratio of a cooling capacity (also referred to as a freezing capacity) to energy consumed when a refrigerant cycle system or the like is operated (cooling capacity/consumed energy). In recent years, further improvement in COP of a refrigerator has been expected, and for example, japanese patent application laid-open No. 2015-94259 discloses an expander-integrated compressor capable of improving COP of a refrigerator.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a refrigerator having excellent COP, a method for manufacturing the refrigerator, and a method for improving COP.
The invention provides a refrigerator, comprisingThe refrigerator comprises a refrigerant circulation system having a compressor, a condenser, an expansion device, an evaporator and the like, wherein a refrigerant and a refrigerator oil are filled in the refrigerant circulation system, and a working fluid composed of the refrigerant and the refrigerator oil shows a thickness of 2-4 mm under the conditions that the temperature is 80 ℃ and the absolute pressure is 3.4MPa2Refrigerant dissolution viscosity/s.
In this refrigerator, since the refrigerant filled in the refrigerant cycle and the refrigerator oil exhibit a specific refrigerant dissolution viscosity as the working fluid, COP can be improved. That is, according to the discussion of the present inventors, it was found that if the refrigerant dissolution viscosity of the working fluid is too low, the refrigerating capacity or cooling capacity is lowered due to a reduction in sealing property or the like, while if the refrigerant dissolution viscosity of the working fluid is too high, the energy consumption is increased as the stirring resistance or resistance at the time of starting the refrigerator is increased, and the refrigerating capacity or cooling capacity is also lowered. Further, the present inventors have found that the glass composition exhibits 2 to 4mm under the conditions of a temperature of 80 ℃ and an absolute pressure of 3.4MPa2The working fluid having a refrigerant solution viscosity of/s can ensure a balance between suppression of energy consumption and improvement of freezing capacity or refrigerating capacity, and can improve COP.
The present invention also provides a method for manufacturing a refrigerator including a refrigerant cycle system having a compressor, a condenser, an expansion device, and an evaporator, the method for manufacturing a refrigerator including a step of filling a refrigerant and a refrigerator oil in the refrigerant cycle system, wherein a working fluid composed of the refrigerant and the refrigerator oil exhibits a pressure of 2 to 4mm under conditions of a temperature of 80 ℃ and an absolute pressure of 3.4MPa2Refrigerant dissolution viscosity/s.
Further, the present invention provides a method for improving COP in a refrigerator having a refrigerant cycle system including a compressor, a condenser, an expansion device, and an evaporator, wherein the refrigerant cycle system is filled with a refrigerant and a refrigerator oil and exhibits a COP of 2 to 4mm under a temperature of 80 ℃ and an absolute pressure of 3.4MPa2Refrigerant dissolution/sThe working fluid having a viscosity increases COP as a working fluid composed of a refrigerant and a refrigerating machine oil.
According to the present invention, a refrigerator having excellent COP, a method for manufacturing the refrigerator, and a method for improving COP can be provided.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of a refrigerator.
Fig. 2 is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the refrigerant melt viscosity and COP.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings as appropriate.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of a refrigerator. As shown in fig. 1, the refrigerator 10 includes at least a refrigerant cycle 6, and the refrigerant cycle 6 is formed by connecting a compressor (refrigerant compressor) 1, a condenser (gas cooler) 2, an expansion device 3 (a capillary tube, an expansion valve, or the like), and an evaporator (heat exchanger) 4 in this order via a flow path 5.
In the refrigerant cycle 6, first, the high-temperature (typically 70 to 120 ℃) refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 into the flow path 5 is changed into a high-density fluid (supercritical fluid or the like) in the condenser 2. The refrigerant then passes through a narrow flow path of the expansion device 3, is liquefied, and is further vaporized in the evaporator 4 to become a low temperature (typically-40 to 0 ℃). The refrigeration performed by the refrigerator 10 utilizes a phenomenon in which the refrigerant takes heat from the surroundings when vaporized in the evaporator 4.
In the compressor 1, a small amount of refrigerant coexists with a large amount of refrigerating machine oil under a high temperature (generally 70 to 120 ℃). The refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 into the flow path 5 is gaseous, and contains a small amount (usually 1 to 10 vol%) of refrigerating machine oil as a mist, but a small amount of refrigerant is dissolved in the mist of refrigerating machine oil (point a in fig. 1).
In the condenser 2, the gaseous refrigerant is compressed into a high-density fluid, and a large amount of refrigerant coexists with a small amount of refrigerating machine oil under a relatively high temperature (usually 50 to 70 ℃) (point b in fig. 1). Further, a mixture of a large amount of refrigerant and a small amount of refrigerating machine oil is sent to the expansion device 3 and the evaporator 4 in sequence to be rapidly lowered to a low temperature (typically-40 to 0 ℃ (points c, d in fig. 1), and then returned to the compressor 1.
Examples of such a refrigerator 10 include a cooling device in an automobile air conditioner, a dehumidifier, a refrigerator, a freezer/refrigerator warehouse, a vending machine, a showcase, a chemical device, and the like, a residential air conditioner, a complete air conditioning unit, a hot water supply heat pump, and the like.
As described above, the refrigerant cycle 6 is filled with the refrigerant and the refrigerator oil. Provided that a working fluid comprising a refrigerant and a refrigerating machine oil is 2 to 4mm at a temperature of 80 ℃ and an absolute pressure of 3.4MPa2The refrigerant dissolution viscosity/s may be appropriately selected for each of the refrigerant and the refrigerating machine oil.
Examples of the refrigerant include a saturated Hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerant, an unsaturated Hydrofluorocarbon (HFO) refrigerant, a hydrocarbon refrigerant, a fluorine-containing ether refrigerant such as perfluoroethers, a bis (trifluoromethyl) sulfide refrigerant, a trifluoroiodomethane refrigerant, and a natural refrigerant such as ammonia (R717) and carbon dioxide (R744).
The saturated fluorocarbon refrigerant is preferably a saturated fluorocarbon refrigerant having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and more preferably a saturated fluorocarbon refrigerant having 1 to 2 carbon atoms. The saturated fluorocarbon refrigerant may be any one or a mixture of two or more of difluoromethane (R32), trifluoromethane (R23), pentafluoroethane (R125), 1,1,2, 2-tetrafluoroethane (R134), 1,1,1, 2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a), 1,1, 1-trifluoroethane (R143a), 1, 1-difluoroethane (R152a), fluoroethane (R161), 1,1,1,2,3,3, 3-heptafluoropropane (R227ea), 1,1,1,2,3, 3-hexafluoropropane (R236ea), 1,1,1,3,3, 3-hexafluoropropane (R236fa), 1,1,1,3, 3-pentafluoropropane (R245fa), and 1,1,1,3, 3-pentafluorobutane (R365mfc), for example.
As particularly preferable examples of the saturated hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant, for example, R32 alone; r23 alone; r134a alone; r125 alone; r134a/R32 is a mixture of 60-80 mass%/40-20 mass%; R32/R125 is a mixture of 40-70 mass%/60-30 mass%; R125/R143a is a mixture of 40 to 60 mass%/60 to 40 mass%; r134a/R32/R125 ═ 60%/30%/10% by mass of the mixture; a mixture of R134a/R32/R125 in an amount of 40 to 70 mass%/15 to 35 mass%/5 to 40 mass%; and a mixture of 35 to 55 mass%/1 to 15 mass%/40 to 60 mass% of R125/R134a/R143 a. More specifically, a mixture of R134a/R32 ═ 70/30 mass% is preferably used; a mixture of R32/R125 ═ 60/40 mass%; a mixture (R410A) of R32/R125 ═ 50/50 mass%; a mixture (R410B) of R32/R125 ═ 45/55 mass%; a mixture (R507C) of R125/R143a ═ 50/50 mass%; a mixture of R32/R125/R134a ═ 30/10/60 mass%; a mixture of R32/R125/R134a ═ 23/25/52 mass% (R407C); a mixture of R32/R125/R134a ═ 25/15/60 mass% (R407E); a mixture (R404A) of R125/R134a/R143a of 44/4/52 mass%, and the like.
Examples of the unsaturated hydrofluorocarbon refrigerant include fluoroethylene having a fluorine number of 3 and fluoropropene having a fluorine number of 3 to 5. The unsaturated fluorocarbon refrigerant may be any one or a mixture of two or more of 1,1, 2-trifluoroethylene (HFO-1123), 1,2,3,3, 3-pentafluoropropene (HFO-1225ye), 1,3,3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ze), 2,3,3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf), 1,2,3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234ye), and 3,3, 3-trifluoropropene (HFO-1243zf), for example.
The hydrocarbon refrigerant includes hydrocarbons having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. The hydrocarbon refrigerant may be any one of methane, ethylene, ethane, propylene, propane (R290), cyclopropane, n-butane, isobutane, cyclobutane, methylcyclopropane, 2-methylbutane, and n-pentane, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
From the viewpoint of easily obtaining high-temperature and high-pressure conditions of 80 ℃ or higher and 3.4MPa or higher, the refrigerant preferably contains difluoromethane (R32), more preferably difluoromethane (R32) and pentafluoroethane (R125). The refrigerant may further contain difluoromethane, or difluoromethane and pentafluoroethane, in addition to the above-mentioned components. The refrigerant used together with difluoromethane, or difluoromethane and pentafluoroethane may preferably be 1,1,1, 2-tetrafluoroethane (R134a), 2,3,3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234yf), 1,3,3, 3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO1234ze (E) or (Z)), trifluoroethylene (HFO 1123).
The content of the refrigerant used together with difluoromethane, or difluoromethane and pentafluoroethane may be, for example, 80 mass% or less, or preferably 30 to 60 mass% based on the total amount of the refrigerant.
Among them, as the refrigerant, the following are suitably used: a mixed refrigerant (R407C) of R32, R125 and R134 with a mass ratio (R32/R125/R134a) of 23/25/52, a mixed refrigerant (R449A) of R32, R125, HFO1234yf and R134a with a mass ratio (R32/R125/HFO1234yf/R134a) of 24.3/24.7/25.3/25.7, and a mixed refrigerant (R448A) of R32, R125, HFO1234yf, R134a and HFO1234ze (E) with a mass ratio (R32/R125/HFO1234yf/R134a/HFO1234ze (E)) of 26/26/20/21/7.
More preferably, the refrigerant consists of difluoromethane and pentafluoroethane. The mass ratio (R32/R125) of difluoromethane (R32) to pentafluoroethane (R125) in the refrigerant may be, for example, 40/60 to 70/30. As such a refrigerant, a refrigerant having a mass ratio (R32/R125) of 60/40, a refrigerant (R410A) having a mass ratio (R32/R125) of 50/50, and a refrigerant (R410B) having a mass ratio (R32/R125) of 45/55 are preferably used, and particularly R410A is preferably used.
The refrigerating machine oil is only required to be mixed with the refrigerant (working fluid) so that the temperature of the refrigerant is 80 ℃ and the refrigerant dissolution viscosity is 2-4 mm under the absolute pressure of 3.4MPa2The refrigerating machine oil is used for refrigerating. The refrigerating machine oil needs to be selected in consideration of the compatibility (solubility) between the refrigerant and the refrigerating machine oil, which varies depending on the type of the refrigerating machine oil, in addition to the viscosity of the refrigerating machine oil itself. That is, the refrigerant dissolution viscosity of the working fluid is set within the above range by selecting a refrigerator oil suitable in both viscosity of the refrigerator oil itself and compatibility (solubility) with the refrigerant.
The kinematic viscosity of the refrigerating machine oil at 40 ℃ is preferably 2mm2More preferably 10mm or more in terms of the thickness of the film2(ii) at least s, more preferably 20mm2More than or equal to s, and preferably 125mm2Less than s, more preferably 100mm2(ii) less than s, more preferably 80mm2The ratio of the water to the water is less than s.
The kinematic viscosity of the refrigerating machine oil at 100 ℃ is preferably 1mm2More preferably 2 mm/s or more2At least s, more preferably 3mm2Is not less than s, and is preferably 11mm2Less than s, more preferably 10mm2(ii) less than s, more preferably 9mm2The ratio of the water to the water is less than s.
The kinematic viscosity in the present invention means a kinematic viscosity in accordance with JIS K-2283: 1993 measured kinematic viscosity.
The viscosity reduction rate of the refrigerator oil before and after the refrigerant is dissolved (hereinafter, also simply referred to as "viscosity reduction rate") is calculated according to the following formula (1).
Viscosity reduction ratio (%) (kinematic viscosity-refrigerant dissolution viscosity)/kinematic viscosity × 100 … (1)
In the formula (1), the kinematic viscosity is the kinematic viscosity (mm) of the refrigerating machine oil at 80 ℃2(s) refrigerant solution viscosity means refrigerant solution viscosity (mm) at a temperature of 80 ℃ and an absolute pressure of 3.4MPa of a working fluid composed of a refrigerant and a refrigerating machine oil2/s)。
The greater the viscosity reduction rate, the more easily the refrigerant dissolves in the refrigerator oil, but if the refrigerator oil excessively dissolves in the refrigerant, the lubricity tends to be reduced, and therefore, the viscosity reduction rate of the refrigerator oil is preferably 85% or less, more preferably 80% or less, from the viewpoint of excellent lubricity. The lower limit of the viscosity reduction rate of the refrigerator oil is not particularly limited, but the lower the viscosity reduction rate, the more difficult the refrigerant is to dissolve in the refrigerator oil, and therefore, from the viewpoint of compatibility, it may be 60% or more, 70% or more, or 75% or more.
The pour point of the refrigerator oil may preferably be-10 ℃ or lower, more preferably-20 ℃ or lower. The pour point in the present invention means a pour point measured in accordance with JIS K2269-1987.
The refrigerator oil having the above characteristics contains a lubricant base oil and, if necessary, additives. The lubricant base oil may be, for example, a hydrocarbon oil or an oxygen-containing oil. Examples of the hydrocarbon oil include mineral oil, olefin polymer, naphthalene compound, and alkylbenzene. Examples of the oxygen-containing oil include ester oils such as monoesters, diesters, polyol esters, and complex esters, and ether oils such as polyalkylene glycols, polyvinyl ethers, polyphenylene ethers, and perfluoroethyl ethers. The oxygen-containing oil is preferably composed mainly of at least one member selected from the group consisting of polyol esters, polyalkylene glycols and polyvinyl ethers, and more preferably composed mainly of polyol esters or polyvinyl ethers. The content of the lubricant base oil may be 80 mass% or more, 90 mass% or more, or 95 mass% or more based on the total amount of the refrigerator oil.
Examples of the additives include acid-absorbing agents such as epoxy compounds and carbodiimide compounds, antioxidants such as phenol compounds and amine compounds, extreme pressure additives such as phosphorus compounds and sulfur compounds, oiliness agents such as ester compounds, antifoaming agents such as silicone compounds, metal deactivators such as benzotriazole compounds, antiwear agents such as phosphorus compounds, and viscosity index improvers such as polymethyl acrylate compounds. The content of the additive may be 5% by mass or less or 2% by mass or less based on the total amount of the refrigerator oil.
The content of the refrigerating machine oil in the working fluid may be 1 to 500 parts by mass or 2 to 400 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the refrigerant.
The working fluid has a refrigerant dissolution viscosity of 2-4 mm at a temperature of 80 ℃ and an absolute pressure of 3.4MPa2Preferably 2 to 3.9 mm/s2/s、2～3.8mm2/s、2～3.6mm2/s、2.1～4mm2/s、2.1～3.9mm2/s、2.1～3.8mm2/s、2.1～3.6mm2/s、2.2～4mm2/s、2.2～3.9mm2/s、2.2～3.8mm2/s、2.2～3.6mm2/s、2.4～4mm2/s、2.4～3.9mm2/s、2.4～3.8mm2/s, or 2.4 to 3.6mm2/s。
First, 100g of refrigerating machine oil filled in a refrigerant cycle system 6 was charged into a pressure-resistant container of 200m L containing a vibration-type viscometer (vibration-type viscometer), and after vacuum degassing was performed in the container, a refrigerant was added to prepare a working fluid, and at this time, the pressure of the refrigerant and the temperature of the pressure-resistant container were adjusted so as to attain a temperature of 80 ℃ and an absolute pressure of 3.4MPa, and the viscosity of the working fluid in the container was measured.
The refrigerator 10 is manufactured by a manufacturing method including, for example, a step (filling step) of filling the refrigerant cycle 6 with a refrigerant and a refrigerator oil having the following properties: the working fluid is 2-4 mm at 80 deg.C and 3.4MPa2Refrigerant dissolution viscosity/s. In the filling step, the refrigerant and the refrigerator oil may be separately filled in the refrigerant cycle 6. The steps other than the filling step may be the same as those of a known method for manufacturing a refrigerator.
In the refrigerator 10 described above, the working fluid is made to exhibit a thickness of 2 to 4mm under conditions of a temperature of 80 ℃ and an absolute pressure of 3.4MPa2The refrigerant having a refrigerant solution viscosity of/s and the refrigerator oil are filled in the refrigerant cycle 6, and a balance between suppression of consumption energy and improvement of freezing capacity or refrigerating capacity can be secured, whereby COP can be improved.
Here, the COP of the refrigerator 10 is calculated by the following equation (2). The COP of the refrigerator 10 can also be calculated by the following equation (3).
COP (cooling capacity) [ W ]/energy consumption [ W ] … (2)
COP＝(h1-h2)×G/P…(3)
In the formula (3), h1Represents the outlet enthalpy [ J/kg ] of the evaporator (heat exchanger) 4]，h2Represents the inlet enthalpy [ J/kg ] of the evaporator (heat exchanger) 4]And G represents the mass flow rate [ kg/s ] of the refrigerant circulating in the refrigerant cycle system 6]And P represents power (power consumption) [ W ] of an engine (not shown) driving the refrigerant cycle system 6]。
Fig. 2 is a graph showing an example of the relationship between the refrigerant melt viscosity of the working fluid and the COP of the refrigerant 10 when a mixed refrigerant containing difluoromethane (for example, R410A) is used as the refrigerant and the refrigerating machine oil having the above-described preferred kinematic viscosity is used as the refrigerating machine oil. As shown in FIG. 2, when the refrigerant dissolution viscosity of the working fluid is less than 2mm2At/s, the sealing property is loweredFor this reason, the freezing capacity or the cooling capacity is reduced, and the desired COP cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if the refrigerant dissolution viscosity of the working fluid exceeds 4mm2As the stirring resistance or the resistance at the time of starting the refrigerator increases, the energy consumption also increases, and the desired COP cannot be obtained because the refrigerating capacity or the cooling capacity decreases. Therefore, the working fluid composed of the refrigerant and the refrigerating machine oil filled in the refrigerant cycle system 6 is required to exhibit 2 to 4mm under the conditions of a temperature of 80 ℃ and an absolute pressure of 3.4MPa2In this case, the refrigerant solution viscosity/s can satisfy both the suppression of the consumption energy and the improvement of the freezing capacity or the refrigerating capacity, and can realize an excellent COP. In particular, a refrigerator oil having a viscosity reduction rate of 70 to 80% before and after dissolution of the refrigerant is preferable because compatibility and lubricity between the refrigerator oil and the refrigerant can be easily achieved.
Description of the symbols
A 1 … compressor, a 2 … condenser, a 3 … expansion device, a 4 … evaporator, a 5 … flow path, a 6 … refrigerant cycle, and a 10 … refrigerator.
Claims (9)
1. A refrigerator having a refrigerant cycle system including a compressor, a condenser, an expansion device, and an evaporator, in which a refrigerant and a refrigerator oil are filled in the refrigerant cycle system,
the refrigerant consists of difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane and 1,1,1, 2-tetrafluoroethane; or from difluoromethane and pentafluoroethane,
the kinematic viscosity of the refrigerator oil at 100 ℃ is 3mm29mm above s2(ii) a ratio of (c) to(s) below,
a working fluid composed of the refrigerant and the refrigerating machine oil shows 2.4 to 3.6mm at a temperature of 80 ℃ and an absolute pressure of 3.4MPa2A refrigerant dissolution viscosity in/s, and,
the rate of decrease in viscosity of the refrigerator oil before and after dissolution of the refrigerant, calculated according to the following formula (1), is 85% or less,
viscosity reduction ratio (%) ((kinematic viscosity-refrigerant dissolution viscosity)/kinematic viscosity × 100 (1))
Here, in the formula (1), the kinematic viscosity means the kinematic viscosity (mm) of the refrigerator oil at 80 ℃2(s), the refrigerant solution viscosity means the refrigerant solution viscosity (mm) of the working fluid at a temperature of 80 ℃ and an absolute pressure of 3.4MPa2/s)。
2. The freezer according to claim 1, wherein,
the refrigerant dissolution viscosity was measured by adding 100g of the refrigerator oil to a pressure-resistant container of 200m L containing a vibration viscometer, vacuum degassing the container, adding the refrigerant, and adjusting the temperature to 80 ℃ and the absolute pressure to 3.4 MPa.
3. The freezer according to claim 1, wherein,
the refrigerant circulating system has a flow path sequentially connecting a compressor, a condenser, an expansion device and an evaporator,
the temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor to the flow path is 70 to 120 ℃,
the refrigerant is changed into 50-70 ℃ in the condenser, is liquefied through the expansion device and is gasified through the evaporator, and accordingly the temperature of the refrigerant is changed into-40-0 ℃.
4. The freezer according to claim 1, wherein,
the refrigerator is one selected from the group consisting of an air conditioner for an automobile, a dehumidifier, a refrigerator, a refrigerating and cold storage warehouse, a vending machine, a cooling device in a showcase or a chemical device, an air conditioning device for a house, a complete air conditioning unit, and a heat pump for hot water supply.
5. The freezer according to claim 1, wherein,
the kinematic viscosity of the refrigerator oil at 40 ℃ is 20mm280mm above s2The ratio of the water to the water is less than s.
6. The freezer according to claim 1, wherein,
the viscosity reduction rate calculated by the following formula (1) is 70% to 80%,
viscosity reduction ratio (%) (kinematic viscosity-refrigerant dissolution viscosity)/kinematic viscosity × 100 … (1)
Here, the kinematic viscosity refers to the kinematic viscosity (mm) of the refrigerator oil at 80 deg.C2(s) the refrigerant solution viscosity means the refrigerant solution viscosity (mm) at a temperature of 80 ℃ and an absolute pressure of 3.4MPa of the working fluid composed of the refrigerant and the refrigerating machine oil2/s)。
7. A method for manufacturing a refrigerator having a refrigerant cycle system including a compressor, a condenser, an expansion device, and an evaporator,
the method for manufacturing a refrigerator includes a step of filling the refrigerant cycle with a refrigerant and a refrigerator oil,
the refrigerant consists of difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane and 1,1,1, 2-tetrafluoroethane; or from difluoromethane and pentafluoroethane,
the kinematic viscosity of the refrigerator oil at 100 ℃ is 3mm29mm above s2(ii) a ratio of (c) to(s) below,
a working fluid composed of the refrigerant and the refrigerating machine oil shows 2.4 to 3.6mm at a temperature of 80 ℃ and an absolute pressure of 3.4MPa2A refrigerant dissolution viscosity in/s, and,
the rate of decrease in viscosity of the refrigerator oil before and after dissolution of the refrigerant, calculated according to the following formula (1), is 85% or less,
viscosity reduction ratio (%) ((kinematic viscosity-refrigerant dissolution viscosity)/kinematic viscosity × 100 (1))
Here, in the formula (1), the kinematic viscosity means the kinematic viscosity (mm) of the refrigerator oil at 80 ℃2(s), the refrigerant solution viscosity means the refrigerant solution viscosity (mm) of the working fluid at a temperature of 80 ℃ and an absolute pressure of 3.4MPa2/s)。
8. A method for improving COP of a refrigerator, the refrigerator having a refrigerant cycle system including a compressor, a condenser, an expansion device, and an evaporator, the refrigerant cycle system being filled with a refrigerant and a refrigerator oil,
the refrigerant consists of difluoromethane, pentafluoroethane and 1,1,1, 2-tetrafluoroethane; or from difluoromethane and pentafluoroethane,
the thickness of the film is 2.4-3.6 mm under the conditions that the temperature is 80 ℃ and the absolute pressure is 3.4MPa2A working fluid having a refrigerant dissolution viscosity of/s is used as a working fluid composed of the refrigerant and the refrigerating machine oil, and,
kinematic viscosity at 100 ℃ of 3mm29mm above s2A refrigerating machine oil having a viscosity reduction rate of 85% or less before and after dissolution of a refrigerant, which is calculated according to the following formula (1), is used as the refrigerating machine oil to increase the COP,
viscosity reduction ratio (%) ((kinematic viscosity-refrigerant dissolution viscosity)/kinematic viscosity × 100 (1))
Here, in the formula (1), the kinematic viscosity means the kinematic viscosity (mm) of the refrigerator oil at 80 ℃2(s), the refrigerant solution viscosity means the refrigerant solution viscosity (mm) of the working fluid at a temperature of 80 ℃ and an absolute pressure of 3.4MPa2/s)。
9. The method of claim 8, wherein,
the COP is calculated according to the following formula (2),
COP is refrigerating capacity (cooling capacity) [ W ]/consumed energy [ W ] … (2).
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