CN107044390B - Wind generating set and cooling control method thereof - Google Patents
Wind generating set and cooling control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107044390B CN107044390B CN201710335915.1A CN201710335915A CN107044390B CN 107044390 B CN107044390 B CN 107044390B CN 201710335915 A CN201710335915 A CN 201710335915A CN 107044390 B CN107044390 B CN 107044390B
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 100
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 47
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009347 mechanical transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
- F05B2260/232—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling characterised by the cooling medium
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a wind generating set and a cooling control method thereof, wherein the wind generating set can comprise a shafting, the shafting can comprise a moving shaft, a fixed shaft and a bearing arranged between the moving shaft and the fixed shaft, and the moving shaft can be provided with a concave part. The wind generating set may further comprise a shafting cooling device, and the shafting cooling device may comprise more than one jet head and a compressed air supply device connected with the jet heads. The injection head can be fixed on a static part of the shafting, and the injection head is arranged near the concave part and used for injecting compressed air to the concave part when the wind generating set is in operation, so that the part which is not easy to cool is effectively cooled during the operation of the wind generating set, and the bearing can be indirectly cooled through the cooling moving shaft.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of wind power, in particular to a wind generating set and a cooling control method thereof.
Background
The wind power generator set drives the generator rotor to rotate through the rotation of the blades and thereby converts mechanical energy into electric energy, the rotation of the blades is transmitted to the rotor of the generator through a moving shaft in a shafting of the wind power generator set, a fixed shaft in the shafting is fixed to a base of the wind power generator set and is connected to a stator so as to keep the generator stator stationary, and the fixed shaft and the moving shaft are supported by bearings. In the running process of the wind generating set, along with the continuous rotation of the movable shaft, a great amount of heat is generated by the bearings supporting the movable shaft and the fixed shaft, so that the temperature of the shaft system is continuously increased. However, some wind generating sets located in high-temperature and high-altitude areas particularly have the problem of overhigh temperature of the shafting, particularly bearing parts in the shafting. If the shaft system is in a high temperature state for a long time, grease in the shaft system can be aged or failed in an accelerated manner, the failed shaft system grease can have unpredictable effects on the operation of the wind generating set, for example, the grease failure can in turn aggravate the generation of heat in the shaft system, and thus vicious circle is initiated. Therefore, continuous and efficient cooling of the shaft system (particularly the bearings) is required to prevent the shaft system from becoming too hot.
The existing shafting (or moving shaft and bearing) cooling scheme is to use a centrifugal fan to blow or exhaust air to the upper part at the bottom of a tower barrel, and take away heat generated by the shafting when airflow passes through the inner ring of the moving shaft, so as to cool the shafting. However, in the cooling using the centrifugal fan, since it is difficult for the air flow blown by the centrifugal fan to reach the concave structures (or air flow dead zones) formed on the moving shaft, so that it is difficult for the air to flow at these structures to cause the high-temperature gas to gather, the cooling scheme in the related art cannot effectively reduce the temperature of the bearing.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a wind generating set. The wind generating set may include a shaft system, which may include a moving shaft, a fixed shaft, and a bearing disposed between the moving shaft and the fixed shaft, and the moving shaft may have a concave portion. The wind generating set may further comprise a shafting cooling device, and the shafting cooling device may comprise more than one jet head and a compressed air supply device connected with the jet heads. The injection head may be fixed to a stationary part of the shafting and may be arranged in the vicinity of the recess for injecting compressed air into the recess when the wind power plant is in operation.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the wind power generator set may further comprise a brake disc beam, and the spray head may be fixed to the brake disc beam or to the fixed shaft.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the jet head may be disposed such that a moving direction of the compressed air jetted from the jet head is opposite to a moving direction of the moving shaft inner wall in the circumferential direction.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the spray head may be fixed to an end of the brake disc beam and may form an acute angle with the brake disc beam.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the compressed air supply device may be arranged on a base or a tower top platform of the wind generating set.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the compressed air supply device and the spray head may be connected through an air conduit, the compressed air supply device may include an air compressor and an air tank, and the air conduit may be led out from the air compressor, may be further disposed upward along an inner wall of a tower of the wind turbine generator system after being connected with the air tank, and may be finally connected with the spray head.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the compressed air supply device may be two or more, and the shafting cooling device may further include a controller that controls the two or more compressed air supply devices to alternately supply compressed air to the injection head.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, each of the two or more compressed air supply devices has an air compressor and an air tank, and the controller controls the corresponding air compressor to be selectively operated or stopped based on the air storage amount of the corresponding air tank.
According to the present invention, a cooling control method for a wind power plant is provided. The wind turbine may include a shafting, a shafting cooling arrangement, and a controller for controlling the shafting cooling arrangement. The shafting may include a moving shaft, a fixed shaft, and a bearing disposed between the moving shaft and the fixed shaft. The moving shaft may have a recess. The shafting cooling device can comprise more than one spray head and a compressed air supply device connected with the spray heads. The spray head may be fixed to a stationary part of the shafting, and the cooling control method may include: judging whether the temperature of a bearing when the wind generating set operates is greater than a preset temperature threshold value or not through the controller; if the temperature is greater than the predetermined temperature threshold, the shafting cooling arrangement may be activated, injecting compressed air through the injection head toward the recess.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the compressed air supply means may be two or more, and each of the compressed air supply means may have an air compressor and an air tank. The cooling control method may further include: if the temperature is greater than the predetermined temperature threshold, the two or more compressed air supply devices may be controlled to alternately supply compressed air to the spray head.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cooling control method may further include: and controlling the two or more compressed air supply devices to alternately supply compressed air to the injection head based on the working time of the air compressor and/or the air storage capacity of the air storage tank. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cooling control method may further include: and automatically adjusting the air injection direction and/or the air injection quantity of the injection head based on the bearing temperature and/or the rotating speed of the movable shaft when the wind generating set is operated.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the jet head is disposed such that a moving direction of the compressed air jetted from the jet head is opposite to a moving direction of the moving shaft inner wall in the circumferential direction.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the ejection head is disposed near the concave portion.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the wind power generator set further comprises a brake disc cross beam, and the spray head is fixed on the brake disc cross beam or on the fixed shaft.
The invention can cool the moving shaft of the wind driven generator by using compressed air, and the injection head for injecting the compressed air is directly directed to the concave part formed on the moving shaft of the wind driven generator set, thereby fully cooling the concave part and further effectively cooling the bearing part.
In addition, in the invention, under the condition that the injection head for injecting the compressed air is kept stationary, the compressed air is utilized to cool the rotating moving shaft through convection heat transfer, the cooled moving shaft further cools the bearing arranged between the moving shaft and the fixed shaft, and under the action of the rotation of the moving shaft, the compressed air can be sufficiently and uniformly injected onto the moving shaft, and further the whole bearing is sufficiently and uniformly cooled.
In addition, the injection head for injecting the compressed air is arranged on the static part of the wind generating set and is arranged near the concave part of the movable shaft, so that the shafting cooling device is convenient to install and saves space, and meanwhile, the rotating movable shaft can be sufficiently and pertinently cooled under the condition that the shafting cooling device is kept still, and the temperature of the bearing can be effectively reduced.
In addition, the present invention can prevent the air compressor for preparing compressed air from continuously operating for a long time by alternately cooling the moving shaft using two or more compressed air supply devices (which may include a compressor and an air tank), thereby greatly increasing the life of the compressor and thus reducing the number of maintenance or replacement times, and simultaneously, can ensure uniform and sufficient compressed air to be used for cooling the moving shaft by using the air tank for storing sufficient compressed air.
Drawings
The above and other objects and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary shafting of a wind turbine generator system;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a wind power generation set including a shafting cooling arrangement according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the mounting position of a spray head in a shafting cooling device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic front view showing the mounting position of the spray head in the shaft cooling device;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram illustrating an exemplary spray head according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic flow chart diagram illustrating operation of a cooling device for a control shafting;
FIG. 7 is a simulated temperature cloud diagram illustrating the cooling of a shafting before and after cooling using a shafting cooling device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. a hub; 2. a blade; 3. a generator; 4. a nacelle; 5. a tower; 6. a tower top platform; 7. a base; 10. a moving shaft; 11. the inner wall of the moving shaft; 12. fixing the shaft; 13. grease; 20. a bearing; 21. a bearing outer ring; 22. a bearing inner ring; 30. a brake disc; 31. a brake disc beam; 100. a shafting cooling device; 101. a compressed air supply device; 101a, a first compressed air supply; 101b, a second compressed air supply; 111. an air manifold; 111a: a first air duct; 111b, a second air conduit; 111c, a main air duct; 121. an ejection head; 121a, a first jet head; 121b, a second spray head.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art. In the drawings, like numbers refer to like elements throughout.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the wind power generator set includes a hub 1, blades 2, a generator 3, a nacelle 4, and a tower 5.
In particular, the tower 5 is fixed to the ground or other base for supporting components such as the nacelle bedplate 7, the generator 3, etc. The bedplate 7 of the nacelle 4 is connected to the top end of the tower 5, and the nacelle 4 may comprise yaw drives, nacelle control cabinets, nacelle covers and the like (not shown) for controlling and protecting the wind park.
The generator 3 is connected with the base 7, and blade 2 is connected to wheel hub 1, and wheel hub 1 is connected to generator 3, and blade 2 rotates under wind-force drive, and then drives wheel hub 1 and rotate, and wheel hub 1 gives generator 3 with kinetic energy transfer, converts the kinetic energy into the electric energy through generator 3, finally realizes the electricity generation.
The wind power generation set further comprises a shafting. As shown in fig. 1, the shafting mainly includes a moving shaft 10, a fixed shaft 12, and bearings 20 for supporting the moving shaft 10 and the fixed shaft 12. The blades 2 are connected to a hub 1, the hub 1 being connected to a shaft 10, the shaft 10 in turn being connected to a rotor (not shown) of the generator 3 for effecting a mechanical transmission from the blades 2 to the rotor of the generator 3. The stator shaft 12 is connected to the stator (not shown) of the generator 3 and to the foundation 7 of the wind park to fix the stator of the generator 3 stationary. A bearing outer ring 21 of the bearing 20 is attached to the fixed shaft 12, and a bearing inner ring 22 is attached to the moving shaft 10 to support the moving shaft 10 and the fixed shaft 12 and to achieve the fit between the rotating member moving shaft 10 and the fixed member fixed shaft 12.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the shafting is shown arranged with the moving shaft 10 on the inside and the fixed shaft 12 on the outside. In the whole wind generating set design stage, in order to meet design requirements, for example: the shaft may be designed to have a concave structure, such as the position indicated by the arrow in fig. 1, for load, strength, etc. When the centrifugal air supply cooling scheme in the prior art is utilized, for example, a centrifugal fan is used at the bottom of a tower barrel to supply air to the upper part or exhaust air, and heat generated by a shafting is taken away when air flows through the inner ring of the movable shaft, so that the shafting is cooled. In this process, the air flow is difficult to enter the concave portion formed in the inner wall of the moving shaft 10, and thus high temperature air is accumulated in the concave portion to be difficult to exchange with flowing cold air, so that the temperature of the moving shaft 10 and the bearing 20 at the concave portion is continuously increased, and the moving shaft 10 and the bearing 20 cannot be effectively cooled down. Furthermore, with conventional centrifugal blower cooling schemes, the centrifugal blower is required to be continuously operated to supply a continuous flow of air, and the continuous operation of the centrifugal blower greatly reduces the life of the centrifugal blower, thereby increasing the inconvenience of replacement and repair.
In addition, due to the relative motion friction between the bearing inner ring 22 rotating with the shaft 10 and the bearing outer ring 21 which is kept stationary, the bearing 20 generates a great amount of heat during the operation of the wind generating set, which becomes a position with significant heat generation in the shaft system, and meanwhile, since the bearing 20 is located between the shaft 10 and the fixed shaft 12, direct cooling cannot be adopted for the bearing 20, therefore, indirect cooling of the bearing 20 needs to be considered.
The present invention provides a shafting cooling apparatus 100 for a wind turbine generator system, wherein the shafting cooling apparatus 100 may include more than one spray head 121 (121 a, 121 b) and a compressed air supply device 101 (101 a, 101 b) connected to the spray head 121, so as to spray compressed air supplied from the compressed air supply device 101 through the spray head 121 to a recess formed in a moving shaft 10, so as to cool the recess of the moving shaft 10 during operation of the wind turbine generator system, thereby cooling the entire bearing 20.
Since the bearing 20 is provided between the moving shaft 10 and the fixed shaft 20, the bearing 20 can be cooled by first cooling the moving shaft 10 or the fixed shaft 12. In view of the desire that the bearing 20 be uniformly cooled, in the embodiment of the present invention, the injection head 121 for injecting the compressed air is provided on the stationary member of the shafting with the injection head 121 directed toward the concave portion of the moving shaft 10 to cool the concave portion of the moving shaft 10 using the compressed air injected from the injection head 121. By first convection cooling the moving shaft 10, the cooling device can be arranged stably, while the rotating moving shaft 10 is cooled while the spray head 121 remains stationary during operation of the fan-generator set. In addition, the compressed air ejected from the stationary ejection head 121 can be uniformly ejected onto the moving shaft 10 due to the rotating action of the moving shaft 10, so that the bearing 20 can be uniformly cooled. On the other hand, if the fixed-point cooling is performed on the fixed shaft 12 by the injected compressed air, the temperature of the cooled portion of the fixed shaft 12 and the portion of the bearing in contact with the cooled portion is significantly lower than that of the other portions, so that the cooling effect is uneven, and the fixed shaft 12 is deformed due to expansion and contraction caused by local cooling, and the bearing is pressed, so that the bearing load is increased and the life is reduced, and therefore, the manner of indirectly cooling the bearing 20 by cooling the fixed shaft 12 is not preferable.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, the shafting cooling device 100 provided by the present invention may include: a compressed air supply device 101, an air manifold 111 connected to the compressed air supply device 101, and a spray head 121 connected to an outlet of the air manifold 111. The compressed air supply device 101 is used for supplying compressed air, which is delivered to the injection head 121 through the air duct 111, and the injection head 121 injects the compressed air to a part position to be cooled, in particular, a concave portion of the moving shaft 10.
In order to inject the compressed air into the concave portion of the moving shaft 10, the injection head 121 may be disposed near the concave portion with the outlet of the injection head 121 directed toward the concave portion.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the compressed air supply device 101 may be provided in two or more to alternately supply the compressed air to the injection head 121.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the compressed air supply apparatus 101 may include a compressor and an air tank. The compressed air is prepared by using a compressor, and the compressed air prepared by the compressor is stored in a gas storage tank so that the compressed air can be stably and sufficiently injected from the gas storage tank after the injection is started. Although shown as having two compressed air supplies 101a and 101b, a single one or more than two may be used, and when a single or multiple compressed air supplies 101 are used, a single or multiple compressors, air tanks, air ducts, and spray heads may be used accordingly. Obviously, the ejection head 121 may be provided in one or more. The compressed air supply device 101 may supply compressed air to one of the ejection heads 121 alone or may supply compressed air to a plurality of the ejection heads 121 at the same time.
In the following description, the shafting cooling device 100 according to the present invention is described taking an example in which two compressed air supply devices 101a and 101b and two injection heads 121a and 121b are provided.
In the example shown in fig. 2, the compressed air supply device 101 may include a first compressed air supply device 101a and a second compressed air supply device 101b. The ejection head 121 may include a first ejection head 121a and a second ejection head 121b. The first compressed air supply apparatus 101a may include a first compressor for preparing compressed air and a first air tank for storing the compressed air prepared by the first compressor. The second compressed air supply apparatus 101b may include a second compressor for preparing compressed air and a second air tank for storing the compressed air prepared by the second compressor. The first injection head 121a may communicate with the first air tank through the first air pipe 111a for injecting the compressed air from the first air tank. The second injection head 121b may communicate with the second air tank through a second air pipe 111b for injecting compressed air from the second air tank.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the air storage amount in the air storage tank (which can be obtained through the pressure measurement of the air storage tank) reaches a first preset value, the compressor can be automatically stopped, and when the air storage amount in the air storage tank (compressed air pressure) is reduced to a second preset value, the pressure sensor can be used for monitoring the pressure in the air storage tank so as to keep enough compressed air stored in the air storage tank, and the operation of the compressor is automatically stopped when the compressed air in the air storage tank reaches the preset pressure, so that the continuous operation time of a single compressor can be greatly reduced, and the service life of the compressor is effectively prolonged.
In addition, when two or more compressed air supply devices 101 (e.g., 101a, 101 b) are used, two compressors can be operated alternately, so that on one hand, the timely supply of compressed air is ensured, and the cooling device is prevented from stopping operation when the compressors fail, and on the other hand, the continuous operation time of a single compressor can be reduced, and the service life of the single compressor can be prolonged.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2 to 4, the first spray head 121a and one end of the first air duct 111a to which the first spray head 121a is connected are fixed to a stationary part of the wind power generation set, and the second spray head 121b and one end of the second air duct 111b to which the second spray head 121b is connected are also fixed to a stationary part of the wind power generation set. Since the rotating part of the moving shaft 10 or the bearing 20 is a rotating part in a wind generating set, if a cooling device for the moving shaft 10 or the bearing 20 is attached to the rotating part of the moving shaft 10 or the bearing 20 to cool the moving shaft 10 or the bearing 20 by means of conductive heat transfer, the cooling device will rotate together with the moving shaft 10 or the bearing 20, thereby making the arrangement of the cooling device and the arrangement of the cooling medium transporting pipe difficult.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the injection head 121 for injecting compressed air is disposed on the stationary part of the wind power generation set, and the cooling device may be kept fixed in position during the operation of the wind power generation set, thereby solving the problem of the combination of the moving and the fixed. Preferably, the static component of the wind generating set may be a brake disc 30 close to the inner wall 11 of the moving shaft, a cross beam 31 (as shown in fig. 1 or 3) of the brake disc 30, and the jet head 121 is fixed on the cross beam 31 of the brake disc 30, so that enough space is left for a manhole of the generator, and the operation and the maintenance are facilitated. Alternatively, it is also possible to fix the spray head 121 on the fixed shaft 12 of the wind power plant with the spray head 121 facing the inner wall 11 of the shaft. Of course, any other configuration is contemplated in which the injector head 121 may remain stationary and oriented toward the shaft 10 or the shaft inner wall 11.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the first and second spray heads 121a and 121b are directed into a recess of the moving shaft 10 in the wind turbine, and the first and second spray heads 121a and 121b may be located in a concave space (as indicated by arrows in fig. 1) formed by the recess such that compressed air sprayed from the first and second spray heads 121a and 121b is sprayed into the recess, thereby cooling the rotating moving shaft 10 and the bearing 20 with the sprayed compressed air during operation of the wind turbine. Specifically, compressed air is injected to the moving shaft 10 in the shafting to cool the moving shaft 10 by convection heat transfer, thereby cooling the bearing 20 and the entire shafting. According to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the injection head 121 is directed to the concave portion on the moving shaft 10, so that the compressed air can be injected to the concave portion on the moving shaft 10 with a high degree of pertinence or other dead area where the air is difficult to flow freely, as shown in fig. 3. Alternatively, the injector head 121 may be directed at a point on the shaft where the temperature is highest, which can be monitored and determined by providing a temperature sensor, to efficiently and pertinently cool the shaft 10 and the bearing 20.
As shown in fig. 2 to 4, the first air duct 111a and the second air duct 111b are led out from the first air tank and the second air tank, respectively, and are arranged along the inner wall of the tower 5 and the inner wall of the base 7 of the wind turbine generator, and finally reach and are fixed on the cross beam 31 of the brake disc 30 near the inner wall 11 of the moving shaft (as shown in fig. 3, only the cross beam 31 portion of the brake disc 30 is shown in fig. 3, and the cross beam 31 of the brake disc 30 is a static part in the wind turbine generator and remains stationary during operation of the wind turbine generator).
Although it is described that the two air tanks are connected to the respective spray heads through the first air duct 111a and the second air duct 111b, respectively, it is also possible to use only one air duct 111c (as shown in fig. 2), and branch the first end of the single air duct 111c to which the first air tank and the second air tank are connected into two ports, and branch the second end near the cross member 31 reaching the brake disc 30 into two ports to connect the first spray head 121a and the second spray head 121b, respectively. Obviously, the second end of the air duct 111c may not have a branch, so that only one of the ejection heads 121a or 121b is connected.
The air manifold 111 (111 a, 111b, 111 c) for transporting compressed air can use a small-diameter, large-length pipe, because the air flowing in the pipe has a high pressure and a low speed, and the resistance in the pipe is small, and the pipe with a small diameter is easy to install and fix, and can be fixed by a clip or a tie, and the pipe with a large length contributes to diversification of installation positions of the compressor and the air tank. The air duct 111 is arranged along the inner wall of the tower and the inner wall of the base, so that the arrangement of other components in the tower and the cabin can be not affected, and the space can be fully utilized.
The compressed air supply device 101 can be arranged at the base 7 or the tower top platform 6 of the wind generating set far away from the movable shaft 10 and the fixed shaft 12 so as to utilize the space to the maximum extent and far away from the shafting so as to avoid the mutual interference of power supply arrangement.
As shown in fig. 4, one end of the first air duct 111a fixed to the cross member 31 of the brake disc 30 is connected to the first spray head 121a, the first spray head 121a is located at one end of the cross member 31, one end of the second air duct 111b fixed to the cross member 31 of the brake disc 30 is connected to the second spray head 121b, and the second spray head 121b is located at the other end of the cross member 31.
According to newton's law of cooling, the following equation (1) shows:
wherein,,is differential convection heat transfer flux, h is convection heat transfer coefficient, A is heat exchange area, T (T) is object temperature, T env At ambient temperature, Δt (T) is the temperature difference between the object temperature and the ambient temperature. It follows that the convective heat transfer flux can be increased by increasing the convective heat transfer coefficient h, which can be solved by the following equations (2) - (5):
wherein Nu L Is Knoop number, L is characteristic length, k is thermal conductivity of fluid, pr is Plantt number Re L Reynolds number, ρ is the fluid density, v is the free flow velocity, μ is the dynamic viscosity of the fluid. The following equation (5) can be derived from the above equations (2) - (4):
from equation (5), it can be derived that for a given fluid and heat sink, k, L, pr, ρ, μ are determined, and the convective heat transfer coefficient h can be derived to be proportional to the flow velocity v of the fluid, so that the heat exchange efficiency can be improved by changing the flow velocity of the gas at the solid surface.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, in order to maximize the cooling effect, the first injection head 121a is made to be at an angle a to the cross member 31 such that the compressed air injected from the first injection head 121a is substantially opposite to the moving direction of the moving shaft inner wall 11 in the circumferential direction, thereby increasing the relative speed. Likewise, the second ejection head 121b is made to be at an angle a to the cross member 31 such that the direction of movement of the compressed air ejected from the second ejection head 121b and the moving shaft inner wall 11 are substantially opposite in the circumferential direction, thereby increasing the relative speed. By increasing the velocity of the fluid relative to the component to be cooled, the convective heat transfer efficiency can be significantly improved.
As shown in fig. 4, the arrow indicates the rotation direction of the shaft 10 (the inner shaft wall 11), and when the injection heads 121a, 121b are provided in the manner shown in fig. 4, the injection direction of the compressed air injected from the injection heads 121, 121b is substantially opposite to the rotation direction of the inner shaft wall 11, and at this time, the flow velocity of the compressed air with respect to the inner shaft wall 11 is the sum of the circumferential components of the rotation velocity of the inner shaft wall 11 and the velocity of the compressed air jet. When the angle a between the jet heads 121a, 121b and the cross member 31 is an acute angle as shown in the drawing, the direction of movement of the compressed air ejected from the jet heads 121a, 121b and the moving axis inner wall 11 can be made substantially opposite, and as the angle a decreases, the circumferential component of the velocity of the compressed air jet can be increased. In view of the desire to bring the spray heads 121a, 121b relatively close to the inner shaft wall 11, the angle a may preferably be between 45 degrees and 60 degrees, thereby maximizing the cooling effect of the compressed air on the shaft 10.
According to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the first and second spray heads 121a and 121b may employ spray heads as shown in fig. 5, and the spray nozzle diameter may be about 5mm, and the coverage d may be about 300mm in width, and with such spray heads, the air flow may be uniformly covered over an area of a specific width.
In addition, according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, one ends of the first and second air pipes 111a and 111b, respectively, to which the first and second air tanks are connected, may be respectively mounted with first and second switching valves to supply or shut off the compressed air to the first and second injection heads 121a and 121b by controlling the first and second switching valves to be opened or closed.
Furthermore, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, shafting cooling apparatus 100 may also include a controller, which may be implemented by any suitable controller in the art. The controller may control the first and second compressed air supply devices 101a and 101b to operate based on the temperature of the bearing 30 such that the first and second compressed air supply devices 101a and 101b are alternately used to cool the moving shaft 10, thereby cooling the bearing 20. In this way, not only can the timely supply of compressed air be ensured, but also the injected air pressure can be ensured, and the service life of the compressor can be prevented from being drastically reduced.
The controller may effect operational control of the shaft-based cooling device 100 by performing the steps shown in fig. 6. In particular, the method comprises the steps of,
step S1: before the generator 3 is started, the first compressor and the second compressor are operated in advance, so that the first compressor and the second compressor prepare compressed air and the prepared compressed air is respectively stored in the first air storage tank and the second air storage tank. When the first and second air tanks are full (the pressure within the air tanks reaches a predetermined maximum pressure), the first and second compressors are stopped, whereby the first and second air tanks can be made to store enough compressed air in preparation for injecting the air to cool the moving shaft.
After the generator 3 is started, the operation of the generator 3 continuously generates heat from the moving shaft 10 and the bearing 20, so that the temperatures of the moving shaft 10 and the bearing 20 are continuously increased.
Step S2: detecting whether the temperature of the bearing 20 is higher than a predetermined temperature threshold (e.g., 60 degrees celsius), a temperature sensor may be provided at a specific position of the moving shaft 10 or the bearing 20 to detect the temperature at the corresponding position.
Step S3: if it is detected in step S2 that the temperature of the bearing 20 is higher than the predetermined temperature threshold, the first switching valve is controlled to be opened and the first compressor is operated such that the compressed air stored in the first air tank is supplied to the first injection head 121a to cool the moving shaft 10 by convection heat transfer, thereby cooling the bearing 20.
Step S4: it is determined whether the injection time of the first injection head 121a is greater than a predetermined time threshold (e.g., 30 minutes), whether the pressure in the first air tank is lower than a first predetermined pressure is detected, and whether the temperature of the bearing 20 is higher than the predetermined temperature threshold is detected.
Step S5: if it is determined in step S4 that the injection time of the first injection head 121a is greater than the predetermined time threshold, or the pressure in the first air tank is lower than the first predetermined pressure, and the temperature of the bearing 20 is higher than the predetermined temperature threshold, the first switching valve is controlled to be closed and the second switching valve is controlled to be opened while the second compressor is operated, so that the compressed air stored in the second air tank is supplied to the second injection head 121b to cool the moving shaft 10 and thus cool the bearing 20, while the first compressor is turned to store the compressed air in the first air tank, and the first compressor is stopped when the first air tank is full (the pressure in the first air tank is greater than the second predetermined maximum pressure).
Step S6: it is determined whether the injection time of the second injection head 121b is greater than the predetermined time threshold, whether the pressure in the second air tank is lower than the first predetermined pressure is detected, and whether the temperature of the bearing 20 is higher than the predetermined temperature threshold is detected.
If it is determined that the injection time of the second injection head 121b is greater than the predetermined time threshold, or the pressure in the second air tank is lower than the first predetermined pressure, and the temperature of the bearing 20 is higher than the predetermined temperature threshold, the second switching valve is controlled to be closed and returned to step S3, the first switching valve is controlled to be opened while the first compressor is operated, so that the compressed air stored in the first air tank is supplied to the first injection head 121a to cool the moving shaft 10 to cool the bearing 20, while the second compressor is turned to store the compressed air in the second air tank, and the second compressor is stopped when the second air tank is full (the pressure in the second air tank is greater than the second predetermined maximum pressure). The present invention cools the moving shaft of the wind power generator by using the compressed air prepared by the compressor, thereby cooling the bearing, and makes the injection head 121 for injecting the compressed air direct to the concave portion formed on the moving shaft 10 of the wind power generator set, thereby sufficiently cooling the concave portion, thereby effectively cooling the moving shaft 10 and the bearing 20.
In addition, according to another embodiment of the present invention, the controller may automatically adjust the air injection direction and/or the air injection amount of the injection head 121 based on the bearing temperature and/or the rotational speed of the moving shaft when the wind turbine generator is in operation. For example, when the bearing temperature is relatively high, in addition to the above-described cooling of the shaft 10 sufficiently by alternately using the compressor to cool the bearing 20, the controller may be made to automatically adjust the amount of air injected by the injection head 121 to make more compressed air available for cooling in response to the bearing temperature being relatively high, and the control strategy may be superimposed on the above-described control steps or used alone.
In addition, as described above, the convection heat exchange efficiency can be significantly improved by increasing the velocity of the fluid relative to the member to be cooled, and in another embodiment of the present invention, the controller may be made to automatically adjust the air injection direction and/or the air injection amount of the injection head 121 based on the rotation speed of the moving shaft 10, for example, when the rotation speed of the moving shaft 10 is low, the air injection direction of the injection head 121 may be adjusted to increase the velocity component of the compressed air in the circumferential direction of the moving shaft 10 (opposite to the rotation direction of the moving shaft inner wall 11) and/or to increase the air injection amount of the injection head 121, thereby enhancing the cooling effect.
FIG. 7 shows the resulting temperature cloud using simulation verification of the compressed air cooling shaft system, with an air flow rate of 10m/s, a shaft speed of 14rpm/s, and spray heads 121, 122 at an angle of 60 degrees to the cross beam. As can be seen from fig. 7, the maximum temperature of the shafting (at the bearing) before cooling was 362 kelvin (corresponding to 89 degrees celsius), and after cooling, the maximum temperature of the shafting (at the bearing) was 354 kelvin (corresponding to 81 degrees celsius), and the maximum temperature of the shafting was reduced by 8 degrees after cooling compared with that before cooling by spraying the compressed air.
The invention can cool the moving shaft of the wind driven generator by using compressed air, and the injection head for injecting the compressed air is directly directed to the concave part formed on the moving shaft of the wind driven generator set, thereby fully cooling the concave part and further effectively cooling the bearing part.
In addition, in the invention, under the condition that the injection head for injecting the compressed air is kept stationary, the compressed air is utilized to cool the rotating moving shaft through convection heat transfer, the cooled moving shaft further cools the bearing arranged between the moving shaft and the fixed shaft, and under the action of the rotation of the moving shaft, the compressed air can be sufficiently and uniformly injected onto the moving shaft, and further the whole bearing is sufficiently and uniformly cooled.
In addition, the injection head for injecting the compressed air is arranged on the static part of the wind generating set and is arranged near the concave part of the movable shaft, so that the shafting cooling device is convenient to install and saves space, and meanwhile, the rotating movable shaft can be sufficiently and pertinently cooled under the condition that the shafting cooling device is kept still, and the temperature of the bearing can be effectively reduced.
In addition, the invention uses two or more compressed air supply devices to cool the moving shaft in a rotating way so as to cool the bearing, so that the compressor for preparing the compressed air can not continuously work for too long, thereby greatly prolonging the service life of the compressor, further reducing the maintenance or replacement times, and simultaneously using the air storage tank to store sufficient compressed air, thereby ensuring that the uniform and sufficient compressed air can be used for cooling the shaft.
Although exemplary embodiments have been shown and described, it would be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes may be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (14)
1. A wind power generator set comprising a shaft system comprising a moving shaft, a fixed shaft and a bearing arranged between the moving shaft and the fixed shaft, characterized in that the moving shaft is provided with a concave portion, the wind power generator set further comprises a shaft system cooling device comprising more than one injection head and a compressed air supply device connected with the injection head and storing compressed air, the injection head is fixed on a stationary part of the shaft system, and the injection head is arranged near the concave portion for injecting compressed air from the compressed air supply device to the concave portion when the wind power generator set is in operation.
2. The wind power generation set of claim 1, further comprising a brake disc beam, wherein the spray head is fixed to the brake disc beam or to the fixed shaft.
3. The wind power generation set according to claim 1, wherein the jet head is disposed such that a moving direction of the compressed air jetted from the jet head is opposite to a moving direction of the moving shaft inner wall in a circumferential direction.
4. The wind generating set of claim 2, wherein the spray head is secured to an end of the brake disc beam and forms an acute angle with the brake disc beam.
5. The wind power generation set of claim 1, wherein the compressed air supply is disposed on a base or a tower top platform of the wind power generation set.
6. The wind generating set according to claim 5, wherein the compressed air supply device is connected with the spray head through an air conduit, the compressed air supply device comprises an air compressor and an air storage tank, and the air conduit is led out from the air compressor, is connected with the air storage tank, is continuously arranged upwards along the inner wall of a tower of the wind generating set, and is finally connected with the spray head.
7. Wind power plant according to any of claims 1-6, wherein the compressed air supply means is two or more, the shafting cooling arrangement further comprising a controller controlling the two or more compressed air supply means to alternately supply compressed air to the spray head.
8. The wind power generation set of claim 7, wherein each of the two or more compressed air supply devices has an air compressor and an air reservoir, and the controller controls the corresponding air compressor to selectively operate or stop based on the air storage amount of the corresponding air reservoir.
9. A cooling control method for a wind power generation unit, the wind power generation unit including a shafting, a shafting cooling device, and a controller for controlling the shafting cooling device, the shafting including a moving shaft, a fixed shaft, and a bearing provided between the moving shaft and the fixed shaft, the moving shaft having a concave portion, the shafting cooling device including one or more injection heads and a compressed air supply device connected to the injection heads and storing compressed air, the injection heads being fixed to a stationary member of the shafting and provided in the vicinity of the concave portion, the cooling control method comprising:
judging whether the temperature of a bearing when the wind generating set operates is greater than a preset temperature threshold value or not through the controller;
if the temperature is greater than the predetermined temperature threshold, the shafting cooling device is activated, and compressed air from the compressed air supply device is injected toward the concave portion through the injection head.
10. The cooling control method according to claim 9, wherein the compressed air supply devices are two or more, and each of the compressed air supply devices has an air compressor and an air tank, the cooling control method further comprising: and if the temperature is greater than the predetermined temperature threshold, controlling the two or more compressed air supply devices to alternately supply compressed air to the injection head.
11. The cooling control method according to claim 10, characterized in that the cooling control method further comprises: and controlling the two or more compressed air supply devices to alternately supply compressed air to the injection head based on the working time of the air compressor and/or the air storage capacity of the air storage tank.
12. The cooling control method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the cooling control method further comprises:
and automatically adjusting the air injection direction and/or the air injection quantity of the injection head based on the bearing temperature and/or the rotating speed of the moving shaft when the wind generating set is operated.
13. The cooling control method according to claim 9, wherein the jet head is arranged such that a moving direction of the compressed air jetted from the jet head is opposite to a moving direction of the moving shaft inner wall in a circumferential direction.
14. The cooling control method according to claim 9, wherein the wind power generation unit further includes a brake disc cross member, and the injection head is fixed to the brake disc cross member or to the fixed shaft.
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| CN108019324B (en) | 2017-12-06 | 2019-07-09 | 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 | Shafting cooling system, control method thereof and wind generating set |
| CN107842472B (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2024-06-14 | 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 | Cooling system for shafting of wind driven generator and wind driven generator set |
| CN110630454B (en) | 2018-08-31 | 2021-03-12 | 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 | Motor and heat exchange device of shaft system thereof and wind generating set |
| CN109958591B (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2020-10-23 | 浙江大学 | Air cooling device of wind driven generator bearing and wind driven generator comprising same |
| CN114483930A (en) * | 2022-02-21 | 2022-05-13 | 华电河南新能源发电有限公司 | Self-cleaning and heat transfer emergency system for wind power gear box radiator |
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