CN1982702B - Wind energy turbine - Google Patents

Wind energy turbine Download PDF

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CN1982702B
CN1982702B CN2006100639491A CN200610063949A CN1982702B CN 1982702 B CN1982702 B CN 1982702B CN 2006100639491 A CN2006100639491 A CN 2006100639491A CN 200610063949 A CN200610063949 A CN 200610063949A CN 1982702 B CN1982702 B CN 1982702B
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heat exchanger
cooling
wind turbine
unit
cooling medium
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CN1982702A (en
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W·扬森
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GE Vernova Renovables Espana SL
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General Electric Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/60—Cooling or heating of wind motors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

一种风能涡轮机(10)，包括一个塔架(12)、一个由塔架可旋转地支撑的机舱(14)、一个由机舱可旋转地支撑的转子(16)和至少一个要冷却的并且布置在塔架和/或机舱内的单元。该单元适合于被在从该单元到至少一个换热器(34)的一个冷却回路(28)中流动的冷却介质冷却。该至少一个换热器位于塔架和/或机舱的外部并构造成被外界空气冷却。

A wind energy turbine (10) comprising a tower (12), a nacelle (14) rotatably supported by the tower, a rotor (16) rotatably supported by the nacelle and at least one to be cooled and arranged Units in the tower and/or nacelle. The unit is adapted to be cooled by a cooling medium flowing in a cooling circuit (28) from the unit to at least one heat exchanger (34). The at least one heat exchanger is located outside the tower and/or nacelle and is configured to be cooled by ambient air.

Description

风能涡轮机wind turbine

技术领域 technical field

本发明总体上涉及一种风能涡轮机，该涡轮机具有至少一个要冷却的单元或部件，尤其是涉及使用冷却液来冷却风能涡轮机的至少一个部件或单元。The present invention generally relates to a wind energy turbine having at least one unit or component to be cooled, and in particular to the use of a cooling liquid for cooling at least one component or unit of the wind energy turbine.

背景技术 Background technique

风能涡轮机包括数个机械和电气部件，这些部件在运转过程中会产生热能损失。这些部件或单元包括，例如，一个传动箱(如果有的话)和一个发电机。这两者通常都布置在由一个塔架可旋转地支撑的机舱里。这些部件也包括一个变频器和一个变压器，这两者通常都位于塔架内，并且用来把从转子的机械能转换成的电能通过发电机供给高压输电网。另外，这些部件包括控制风能涡轮机运转的控制器。这些控制器通常布置在塔架内。由于现代风能涡轮机性能的提高，上述部件的有效冷却变得越来越难。Wind energy turbines include several mechanical and electrical components that lose heat energy during operation. These components or units include, for example, a gearbox (if present) and a generator. Both are usually arranged in a nacelle rotatably supported by a tower. These components also include a frequency converter and a transformer, both of which are usually located in the tower and are used to convert the mechanical energy from the rotor into electrical energy via a generator and supply it to the high voltage grid. Additionally, these components include controllers that control the operation of the wind energy turbine. These controllers are usually arranged within the tower. Due to the increasing performance of modern wind energy turbines, effective cooling of the above components is becoming more and more difficult.

通常，风能涡轮机的这些要冷却的单元和部件布置在由风扇产生的冷却气流中。然而，尤其是相对于这些要冷却并且布置在风能涡轮机的塔架内的单元而言，很难向塔架中供给足够的空气来充分冷却这些部件。Usually, these units and components to be cooled of the wind energy turbine are arranged in a cooling air flow generated by a fan. However, especially with respect to these units which are to be cooled and arranged inside the tower of a wind energy turbine, it is difficult to supply enough air into the tower to sufficiently cool these components.

如WO-A-01/006121所示，公知的是，风能涡轮机有一个空气冷却回路，以冷却涡轮机的热能生成单元。该冷却空气回路将塔架的壁面用作冷却该空气的换热器和散热面。As shown in WO-A-01/006121, it is known that a wind energy turbine has an air cooling circuit to cool the heat generating unit of the turbine. The cooling air circuit uses the wall of the tower as a heat exchanger and cooling surface for cooling the air.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

一个方面，提供一种风能涡轮机，包括一个塔架，一个由该塔架可旋转地支撑的机舱，一个由该机舱支撑的转子，以及至少一个要冷却的并且布置在塔架和/或机舱里的单元。该单元适合于被在从该单元到至少一个换热器的一个冷却回路中流动的冷却介质冷却，并且该至少一个换热器位于塔架和/或机舱的外部并构造成被外界空气冷却。In one aspect, there is provided a wind energy turbine comprising a tower, a nacelle rotatably supported by the tower, a rotor supported by the nacelle, and at least one rotor to be cooled and arranged in the tower and/or the nacelle unit. The unit is adapted to be cooled by a cooling medium flowing in a cooling circuit from the unit to at least one heat exchanger located outside the tower and/or nacelle and configured to be cooled by outside air.

根据本发明的另一个方面，提供一种冷却风能涡轮机的一个单元的方法，包括以下步骤：沿着要冷却的单元向布置在风能涡轮机的外部的至少一个换热器提供冷却介质，以及在换热器中由外界空气冷却该介质。According to another aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of cooling a unit of a wind energy turbine, comprising the steps of: supplying a cooling medium to at least one heat exchanger arranged outside the wind energy turbine along the unit to be cooled, and The medium is cooled by outside air in a heater.

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1是风能涡轮机的示意图，示出冷却液闭合回路；和Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a wind energy turbine showing a closed coolant circuit; and

图2是冷却液回路的更详细视图。Figure 2 is a more detailed view of the coolant circuit.

具体实施方式 Detailed ways

本发明涉及风能涡轮机的一个冷却回路，该回路可设置为开式回路，部分闭合回路，或完全闭合回路。一种冷却介质(气体或液体)流过该冷却回路，从要冷却的至少一个单元流向冷却该冷却介质的至少一个换热器或冷却元件。根据本发明的一个实施例，该至少一个换热器位于风能涡轮机的外部，并且，尤其是，风能涡轮机的塔架和/或机舱的外侧，从而能够被外界空气和风冷却。The invention relates to a cooling circuit of a wind energy turbine, which circuit can be arranged as an open circuit, a partially closed circuit, or a fully closed circuit. A cooling medium (gas or liquid) flows through the cooling circuit from at least one unit to be cooled to at least one heat exchanger or cooling element cooling the cooling medium. According to an embodiment of the invention, the at least one heat exchanger is located outside the wind energy turbine, and, in particular, outside the tower and/or nacelle of the wind energy turbine, so as to be cooled by the outside air and the wind.

在一个实施例中，闭环冷却回路中的冷却部件和冷却介质一起使用，该冷却介质是冷却液，例如，水。要冷却的单元或部件，被流过该单元或部件或零件并从该单元或部件向下流过位于塔架和/或机舱外侧的至少一个换热器的冷却液冷却。此后，冷却液流回要冷却的单元或部件。一个泵或类似元件也布置在冷却回路中。In one embodiment, the cooling components in the closed loop cooling circuit are used with a cooling medium, which is a cooling liquid, such as water. The unit or component to be cooled is cooled by cooling liquid flowing through the unit or component or part and from there down through at least one heat exchanger located outside the tower and/or nacelle. Thereafter, the coolant flows back to the unit or component to be cooled. A pump or similar is also arranged in the cooling circuit.

在示例性实施例中，用外界空气和风来冷却该冷却液。将至少一个换热器布置在塔架外部大大提高了换热器的冷却过程的效率。因为换热器附设在塔架和/或机舱的外侧并与其间隔开，所以，外界空气完全围绕换热器流动从而有效地冷却它。在一个替换实施例中，由风扇产生的空气流被强制通过和/或沿着该至少一个换热器。在这个实施例中，换热器和风扇装置位于例如通往塔架门的楼梯的下面。另外，风扇布置在塔架或机舱的外侧，该至少一个换热器通常位于这个地方。通常，换热器包括相互平行地布置并且并行或串行连接的多个管道。当串行连接时，所有管道的端部连在两个收集管上，收集管中的一个是为受热了的冷却液流入换热器准备的，另一个是为冷却了的冷却液流出换热器。In an exemplary embodiment, ambient air and wind are used to cool the coolant. Arranging at least one heat exchanger outside the tower greatly increases the efficiency of the cooling process of the heat exchanger. Since the heat exchanger is attached to and spaced from the outside of the tower and/or nacelle, outside air flows completely around the heat exchanger thereby effectively cooling it. In an alternative embodiment, an air flow generated by a fan is forced through and/or along the at least one heat exchanger. In this embodiment, the heat exchanger and fan unit are located for example below a staircase leading to the tower door. In addition, the fan is arranged outside the tower or nacelle, where the at least one heat exchanger is usually located. Typically, a heat exchanger comprises a plurality of pipes arranged parallel to each other and connected in parallel or in series. When connected in series, the ends of all pipes are connected to two collector pipes, one of which is for the heated coolant to flow into the heat exchanger and the other for the cooled coolant to flow out of the heat exchanger device.

在一个替换实施例中，为了进一步提高冷却该冷却介质的效率，沿着塔架的外圆周和/或机舱的外侧布置多个换热器。该多个换热器相互之间可以串行连接或并行连接。在这两种情况下，例如，通过在相互之间并行连接时关闭一个或多个换热器，使冷却介质流过选定的几个换热器是有利的，为了这个目的，在歧管或类似物中提供开/关阀。可选地，当串行连接时，换热器中的一个或多个有旁路。换热器的选择使用使得能够例如停用那些例如由于太阳辐射而经受外界热量的换热器。因此，根据太阳的位置、太阳辐射的强度、空气温度和/或风速，可以接通或切断不同的换热器，从而使用那些位于太阳阴影或部分阴影里的换热器。例如，如果外界空气温度很低和/或个别换热器经受由外界风引起的空气流，则启动一个经受太阳辐射的换热器也是有道理的。In an alternative embodiment, in order to further increase the efficiency of cooling the cooling medium, several heat exchangers are arranged along the outer circumference of the tower and/or the outside of the nacelle. The plurality of heat exchangers may be connected in series or in parallel. In both cases it is advantageous to have the cooling medium flow through selected few heat exchangers, for example by closing one or more heat exchangers when connected in parallel with each other, for this purpose in the manifold or similar to provide an on/off valve. Optionally, when connected in series, one or more of the heat exchangers are bypassed. The selective use of heat exchangers makes it possible, for example, to deactivate those heat exchangers which are subjected to external heat, for example due to solar radiation. Thus, depending on the position of the sun, the intensity of the solar radiation, the air temperature and/or the wind speed, different heat exchangers can be switched on or off, so that those located in the sun's shadow or in partial shade can be used. For example, if the outside air temperature is very low and/or the individual heat exchangers are subjected to air flow caused by outside wind, it also makes sense to activate a heat exchanger subjected to solar radiation.

更详细地，图1示出本发明的一个实施例，其中，风能涡轮机10包括一个管状塔架12和一个可旋转地支撑在塔架12的顶部的机舱14。一个转子16由机舱14可旋转地支撑并且包括一个毂18和至少一个转子叶片20。在该实施例中，转子16包括三个转子叶片20。然而，转子叶片的数量以及风能涡轮机是竖直旋转转子型还是水平旋转转子型，都不是必要的并且本发明适用于两者。In more detail, FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the invention in which a wind energy turbine 10 includes a tubular tower 12 and a nacelle 14 rotatably supported on top of the tower 12 . A rotor 16 is rotatably supported by the nacelle 14 and includes a hub 18 and at least one rotor blade 20 . In this embodiment, rotor 16 includes three rotor blades 20 . However, neither the number of rotor blades nor whether the wind energy turbine is of the vertically rotating or horizontally rotating rotor type is essential and the invention applies to both.

在塔架12内，布置一个变频器22、一个变压器24和一个控制器26，用来转换由机舱14的发电机27产生的电能并且把电能供给电力网。变频器22、变压器24、控制器26、发电机27和机舱14的传动箱(未示出)以热的形式产生能量损失。因此，风能涡轮机10的这些部件需要被冷却。为了这个目的，风能涡轮机10包括一个特有的冷却系统，在图中，该冷却系统表示成用于冷却位于塔架12内的这些部件(变频器22、变压器24和控制器26)中的至少一个。Inside the tower 12, a frequency converter 22, a transformer 24 and a controller 26 are arranged for converting the electrical energy produced by the generator 27 of the nacelle 14 and supplying the electrical energy to the grid. The frequency converter 22, the transformer 24, the controller 26, the generator 27 and the gearbox (not shown) of the nacelle 14 generate energy losses in the form of heat. Therefore, these components of the wind energy turbine 10 need to be cooled. For this purpose, the wind energy turbine 10 includes a specific cooling system, shown in the figure for cooling at least one of these components (frequency converter 22, transformer 24 and controller 26) located inside the tower 12 .

在示例性实施例中，塔架12包括一个冷却系统28，该冷却系统设置成具有不同的管道和元件的完全闭合的冷却回路，这些管道和元件将在下文进行描述。冷却回路是否闭合对本发明而言不具决定性。本发明也可以包括一个开式冷却回路。In the exemplary embodiment, tower 12 includes a cooling system 28 configured as a fully closed cooling circuit with various piping and components, which will be described below. Whether or not the cooling circuit is closed is not decisive for the invention. The invention may also include an open cooling circuit.

冷却系统28包括一个泵30，该泵通过如所述的一个管道和歧管系统泵送冷却水。泵30提供冷却水通过要冷却的单元和部件(例如，变频器22、变压器24和/或控制器26，也可以是发电机27和/或传动箱)，由例如内部的换热器来直接或间接冷却这些单元或部件。要冷却的单元和部件的下游，在冷却系统28中配置一个歧管32，以将由冷却这些要冷却的单元和部件而受热的冷却水分配给布置在塔架12的外部且附设在其外侧上同时沿着塔架12的周壁分布的多个换热器34。该实施例中的每个换热器34都包括多个连接上、下收集管38、40的管道36。这些收集管中的一个是与歧管32流体连通的，而另一个收集管与另一个歧管42流体连通，该歧管42又接于泵30，从而建立冷却系统28的闭合冷却回路，如图1和2所示。应该注意到，在图1和2中，冷却系统中的流体连通是示意性地表示。竖直定向的线路不是必定反映单个管子的方向。这些管子也可以包括散热片(未示出)。The cooling system 28 includes a pump 30 that pumps cooling water through a system of pipes and manifolds as described. The pump 30 provides cooling water through the units and components to be cooled (for example, the frequency converter 22, the transformer 24 and/or the controller 26, and may also be the generator 27 and/or the gearbox), directly by, for example, an internal heat exchanger. Or indirectly cool these units or components. Downstream of the units and components to be cooled, a manifold 32 is arranged in the cooling system 28 to distribute the cooling water heated by cooling these units and components to be cooled to the A plurality of heat exchangers 34 are distributed along the peripheral wall of the tower 12 at the same time. Each heat exchanger 34 in this embodiment includes a plurality of tubes 36 connecting upper and lower collector tubes 38,40. One of these collection pipes is in fluid communication with manifold 32, while the other collection pipe is in fluid communication with another manifold 42, which in turn is connected to pump 30, thereby establishing a closed cooling circuit of cooling system 28, as Figures 1 and 2 show. It should be noted that in Figures 1 and 2 the fluid communication in the cooling system is represented schematically. Vertically oriented lines do not necessarily reflect the orientation of individual pipes. These tubes may also include cooling fins (not shown).

歧管32和42中的至少一个配置有阀门，以选择性地连接各个歧管到换热器34上。这些阀门使得能够选择性地使用换热器34中的特定几个来达到冷却目的。这又是有利的，因为一个由例如太阳辐射而受热的换热器34可以从冷却回路中切断，由于这样一个换热器不能足够有效地冷却该冷却水，或者更糟地，可能引起冷却水的进一步受热。At least one of manifolds 32 and 42 is provided with a valve to selectively connect the respective manifold to heat exchanger 34 . These valves enable the selective use of specific ones of the heat exchangers 34 for cooling purposes. This is again advantageous because a heat exchanger 34 heated by, for example, solar radiation can be cut off from the cooling circuit, since such a heat exchanger cannot cool the cooling water efficiently enough, or worse, may cause cooling water of further heating.

在该实施例中描述了本发明，谈到换热器34的特定类型以及换热器34围绕塔架12大体在一个共同平面上的特定布置。应当注意到，换热器的类型，换热器相互之间是否为串行或并行连接，以及换热器的数量和在一个或多个不同高度平面的布置，对本发明而言并不重要。本发明为冷却介质(液体或气体)使用换热器或冷却元件，换热器或冷却元件布置在风能涡轮机的外部，例如，机舱14和/或塔架12的外侧。在一个实施例中，如图2中的附图标记44所示，至少一个风扇与至少一个换热器34相结合，以向换热器34有效地供应除来自风的气流以外的空气。In this embodiment the invention is described referring to a particular type of heat exchanger 34 and a particular arrangement of the heat exchanger 34 around the tower 12 generally in a common plane. It should be noted that the type of heat exchangers, whether the heat exchangers are connected to each other in series or in parallel, as well as the number and arrangement of the heat exchangers at one or more different height levels, are not critical to the invention. The invention uses heat exchangers or cooling elements for the cooling medium (liquid or gas), which are arranged outside the wind energy turbine, eg outside the nacelle 14 and/or the tower 12 . In one embodiment, shown at 44 in FIG. 2 , at least one fan is associated with at least one heat exchanger 34 to effectively supply the heat exchanger 34 with air other than the air flow from the wind.

因此，尽管本发明参照一个特定的示例性实施例进行描述和说明，但是，并不意味着本发明局限于这个示例性实施例。本领域技术人员将认识到，在不背离如权利要求所限定的本发明的真实范围的情况下，可以进行变形和改进。因此意味着本发明包括落入附加权利要求及其等同物的范围内的所有变形和改进。Therefore, although the invention has been described and illustrated with reference to a particular exemplary embodiment, it is not intended to limit the invention to that exemplary embodiment. Those skilled in the art will recognize that variations and improvements can be made without departing from the true scope of the present invention as defined in the claims. It is therefore intended that the present invention include all changes and modifications that come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

零件列表parts list

10风能涡轮机；12塔架；14机舱；16转子；18毂；20转子叶片；22变频器；24变压器；26控制器；27发电机；28冷却系统；30泵；32歧管；34换热器；36收集管；38下收集管；40收集管；42歧管；44风扇。10 wind turbine; 12 tower; 14 nacelle; 16 rotor; 18 hub; 20 rotor blade; 22 frequency converter; 24 transformer; 26 controller; 27 generator; 28 cooling system; 30 pump; 32 manifold; 34 heat exchange 36 collection pipes; 38 lower collection pipes; 40 collection pipes; 42 manifolds; 44 fans.

Claims (10)

1. a wind turbine (10) comprising:
Pylon (12);
The cabin of rotatably supporting by said pylon (14);
The rotor (16) that rotatably supports by said cabin;
That at least one will cool off and be arranged in the unit in said pylon and the said cabin at least one;
At least one is arranged in the heat exchanger (34) outside at least one of said pylon and said cabin, and said at least one heat exchanger construction becomes to be cooled off by ambient air; And
The cooling circuit that between said at least one unit and said at least one heat exchanger, provides fluid to be communicated with, said cooling circuit accommodates cooling medium flowing between said unit and said at least one heat exchanger, to promote the cooling to said unit.
2. wind turbine as claimed in claim 1 (10); It is characterized in that; Said cooling circuit comprises a plurality of heat exchangers (34); They interconnect with the connected in series and parallel at least a mode that is connected in the two, and at least one the outer circumferential face layout in outside said pylon (12) and said cabin (14).
3. wind turbine as claimed in claim 2 (10) is characterized in that, said wind turbine also comprises manifold (42), so that with optionally lead in said a plurality of heat exchanger (34) at least one of cooling medium.
4. wind turbine as claimed in claim 1 (10) is characterized in that said cooling circuit is the closed-loop path.
5. wind turbine as claimed in claim 1 (10) is characterized in that, said cooling circuit comprises at least one pump (30), with from said unit to said at least one heat exchanger (34) pumping cooling medium.
6. wind turbine as claimed in claim 2 (10) is characterized in that, said cooling circuit also comprises first manifold (42) that is arranged in said a plurality of heat exchanger (34) upper reaches and second manifold that is arranged in said a plurality of heat exchanger (34) downstream.
7. wind turbine as claimed in claim 1 (10) is characterized in that, said wind turbine also comprises and is communicated with said at least one heat exchanger (34) fluid and is configured to produce the fan (44) of air-flow to cool off said at least one heat exchanger.
8. method that is used for cooling off the unit of wind turbine (10) comprises step:
Provide cooling medium at least one heat exchanger (34) that is arranged in the wind turbine outside along the unit that will cool off, said unit is arranged in the pylon of said wind turbine and in the cabin at least one; And
With the cooling medium in the ambient air cooling heat exchanger.
9. method as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, said method also comprises step: at least one heat exchanger (34) selected of a plurality of heat exchangers that cooling medium guiding is arranged in the zones of different in wind turbine (10) outside.
10. method as claimed in claim 8 is characterized in that, provides the step of cooling medium to comprise through closed cooling circuit (28) and comes the pumping cooling medium, and this cooling circuit comprises unit and said at least one heat exchanger (34) that will cool off.
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