CN107043222B - Preparation method of phosphorus-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride nano film - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a phosphorus-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride nano film, belonging to the technical field of preparation of semiconductor nano materials. Firstly, high molecular polymer 2, 4-diamino-1, 3, 5-triazine and cyanuric acid are mixed and reacted to prepare a precursor of graphite-phase carbon nitride, then the precursor is placed on the surface of FTO glass to prepare a carbon nitride film by a high-temperature calcination method, finally the carbon nitride film is placed in a magnetic boat, and sodium hypophosphite is used as a phosphorus source to calcine under nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the phosphorus-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride nano film. The method takes the FTO conductive glass as a substrate material, and has simple preparation process and low cost; the obtained phosphorus-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride nano film has good shape and high purity, overcomes the defect of poor dispersibility of a phosphorus-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride nano powder material, and has high photocatalytic activity; the whole preparation process has no toxic or harmful substances, does not pollute the environment, does not harm the health of human bodies, and is safe and environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of semiconductor nano material preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a phosphorus-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride nano film.
Background
Graphite phase carbon nitride (C)3N4) As an old polymer, the high-performance wear-resistant modified polyurethane has the advantages of low density, high chemical stability, good biocompatibility, strong wear resistance and the like, and has wide application prospect in the fields of preparation of high-performance wear-resistant coatings, membrane materials, catalysts, catalyst carriers, metal nitrides and the likeThe method has long been receiving wide attention. C3N4The material is an n-type semiconductor material with the forbidden band width of 2.7 eV, is also a good photosensitive material, has a strong absorption peak at 460nm, and has good fluorescence characteristics. With the nonmetallic element phosphorus to C3N4After modification, the maximum absorption peak generates obvious blue shift phenomenon, and the composite material with sufficient absorption to visible light can be designed by utilizing the blue shift phenomenon. As photocatalyst, phosphorus-doped C3N4Has good photocatalytic degradation effect on organic dyes such as rhodamine and the like. At the same time, C of nanometer order3N4Due to the influence of small-size effect, macroscopic quantum tunnel effect, surface effect, volume effect and the like, the material shows special physical and chemical properties in the aspects of light absorption, thermal resistance, melting point, chemical activity and the like, so that the material has wider application fields: for example, exhibits extremely high catalytic activity as a photocatalytic material; as a photosensitive material applied on the sensor; it can also be used in heat conducting material and superconductive material.
For example, the Chinese patent with an authorization publication number of CN 103769213B discloses a preparation method of a phosphorus-Doped graphite phase carbon nitride Visible light photocatalyst, melamine is dispersed in a dilute phosphoric acid solution, so that phosphoric acid molecules are uniformly adsorbed and dispersed on the surfaces of melamine particles, then solvent water is heated to remove, melamine is heated to 520 ℃ after being fully dried, the melamine is subjected to thermal polycondensation reaction, and the product is cooled and ground to obtain the phosphorus-Doped graphite phase carbon nitride Visible light photocatalyst, Qing Han and the like provide a preparation method of a phosphorus-Doped carbon nitride nano powder material (Qing Han. phosphor-Doped carbon nitride Tubes with a L a layer micro structure for Enhanced visual-L aligned phosphoric acid nano powder material), the preparation method is characterized in that the preparation method of the phosphorus-Doped carbon nitride nano powder material is used as a water-soluble carbon nitride nano powder precursor 18680 ℃, the preparation method is used for preparing a water-soluble graphite-graphene nano carbon nitride tube material 18632, the preparation method is used as a polytetrafluoroethylene composite material, the high-Doped carbon nitride nano powder material, the drying cost is reduced by directly under the condition that the melamine-Doped carbon nitride nano powder is not uniform, and the drying temperature is higher than the temperature of a high temperature of a polytetrafluoroethylene-30 ℃ when the preparation method is used for preparing a polytetrafluoroethylene nano carbon nitride tube material, and the dry graphite-Doped carbon nitride nano carbon powder material, the graphite-Doped carbon powder material, the drying process is used for preparing process, the high temperature of the composite material, the composite material is not uniform, the composite material is not uniform, and the composite carbon nitride tube is not used, the composite material, the composite carbon nitride tube is not used under.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a phosphorus-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride nano film, which has simple preparation process and low cost, so as to obtain the phosphorus-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride nano film with good form, high purity and high catalytic performance.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following steps: firstly, high molecular polymer 2, 4-diamino-1, 3, 5-triazine and cyanuric acid are mixed and reacted to prepare a graphite phase carbon nitride precursor, then the precursor is placed on the surface of FTO glass to prepare a graphite phase carbon nitride film by a high-temperature calcination method, finally the graphite phase carbon nitride film is placed in a magnetic boat, and sodium hypophosphite is used as a phosphorus source to be calcined under the protection of nitrogen to obtain the phosphorus-doped graphite phase carbon nitride nano film. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) dissolving high molecular polymer 2, 4-diamino-1, 3, 5-triazine and cyanuric acid in distilled water to prepare mixed solution with the concentration of 45mg/m L and 32.5mg/m L respectively, stirring at room temperature for 12-24h, then carrying out suction filtration, drying filter residue at 60-80 ℃ to obtain a graphite phase carbon nitride precursor, and grinding for later use;
(2) placing the clean FTO glass in a crucible with the conductive surface facing upwards, weighing the graphite-phase carbon nitride precursor powder in the step (1), paving the graphite-phase carbon nitride precursor powder on the FTO glass, calcining the powder for 4 to 5 hours at the temperature of 500-550 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, and heating at the rate of 2.3 to 2.5 ℃/min to obtain a yellow graphite-phase carbon nitride film;
(3) ultrasonically treating the graphite-phase carbon nitride film in the step (2) together with FTO glass, removing surface impurities, and then placing the film in a magnetic boat; and placing sodium hypophosphite serving as a phosphorus source in the other magnetic boat, placing the two magnetic boats in a tubular furnace at the temperature of 300-350 ℃ for calcining for 1-2h under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the heating rate is 2.0-2.5 ℃/min, taking out a sample after the tubular furnace is naturally cooled to room temperature, washing with ethanol and distilled water, and drying to obtain the phosphorus-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride nano film.
In the step (2), the weighing amount of the graphite-phase carbon nitride precursor powder is controlled to be 1.0-1.3g, and the adding amount of the sodium hypophosphite is 0.5-1g, so that the phosphorus-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride nano film with proper thickness and good performance is obtained.
In order to obtain the best effect of the phosphorus doping reaction of the graphite phase carbon nitride phosphorus film, the invention places the magnetic boat containing the sodium hypophosphite in the step (3) in a high-temperature area of the tube furnace, places the magnetic boat containing the graphite phase carbon nitride film sample at the downstream of the tube furnace, and controls the distance between the two magnetic boats to be 7-8 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention adopts 2, 4-diamino-1, 3, 5-triazine and cyanuric acid to prepare the graphite phase carbon nitride precursor, and can form a complete and uniform graphite phase carbon nitride nano film after high-temperature calcination, thereby solving the technical problem that the complete and uniform graphite phase carbon nitride nano film can not be obtained when cyanuric acid is used as the precursor, and adopting sodium hypophosphite as a phosphorus source to better control the doping amount of phosphorus, so that the operation is simpler and more convenient.
(2) The method takes the FTO conductive glass as a substrate material, and has simple preparation process and low cost; the obtained phosphorus-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride nano film has good shape and high purity, overcomes the defect of poor dispersibility of the phosphorus-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride nano powder material, and has high photocatalytic activity.
(3) The whole preparation process does not produce toxic and harmful substances, does not pollute the environment and does not harm the health of human bodies.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an SEM image of a graphite-phase carbon nitride nano-film prepared by the method of example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is an SEM image of the phosphorus-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride nano-film prepared by the method of example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a graph showing photocurrent densities of the graphite-phase carbon nitride nano-film and the phosphorus-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride nano-film prepared by the method of example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is an XRD spectrum of the phosphorus-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride nano-film prepared by the method of example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
The preparation method of the phosphorus-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride nano film comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 9g of 2, 4-diamino-1, 3, 5-triazine and 6.5g of cyanuric acid solid powder, dissolving in 200m L distilled water, stirring at room temperature for 18h, performing suction filtration, drying filter residues at 80 ℃ to obtain a graphite-phase carbon nitride precursor, grinding for later use, putting 1.5 × 2.5.5 FTO glass sheets in a beaker, washing with tap water, ethanol and distilled water for 30min respectively, and blow-drying with nitrogen for later use;
(2) placing the clean FTO glass in a crucible with the conductive surface facing upwards, weighing 1.3g of graphite-phase carbon nitride precursor powder in the step (1), flatly paving the graphite-phase carbon nitride precursor powder on the FTO glass, calcining the powder at 500 ℃ for 4h under the protection of nitrogen, and heating at the rate of 2.3 ℃/min to obtain a yellow graphite-phase carbon nitride film;
(3) ultrasonically treating the graphite-phase carbon nitride film in the step (2) together with the FTO glass, removing surface impurities, and placing the film in a magnetic boat arranged at the downstream of the tube furnace; 1g of sodium hypophosphite serving as a phosphorus source is placed in another magnetic boat placed in a high-temperature area of the tube furnace, and the distance between the two magnetic boats is 7 cm; and placing the two magnetic boats in a tube furnace under the protection of nitrogen and calcining for 1h at the temperature of 300 ℃, wherein the heating rate is 2.0 ℃/min, taking out the sample after the tube furnace is naturally cooled to the room temperature, washing with ethanol and distilled water, and drying to obtain the phosphorus-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride nano film.
SEM morphology characterization was performed on the graphite-phase carbon nitride film obtained in the step (2) and the phosphorus-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride film obtained in the step (3), respectively, and the results are shown in fig. 1 and 2. As can be seen from fig. 1, the graphite phase carbon nitride film exhibits a uniform macroporous network structure, and after the phosphating treatment, the network structure of the graphite phase carbon nitride film is covered with phosphorus, the pores become narrow and sparse, the dispersibility is good, and no agglomeration occurs (fig. 2). The method successfully prepares the phosphorus-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride nano film.
The graphite-phase carbon nitride film and the phosphorus-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride film are respectively subjected to L SV test by using a CHI660 electrochemical workstation and a three-electrode system, the graphite-phase carbon nitride film and the phosphorus-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride film are respectively used as working electrodes, Pt is used as a counter electrode, SCE is used as a reference electrode, an electrolyte is a 1 mol/L NaOH solution, a potential window is-1V-1V, and the test result is shown in figure 32And the photocurrent response is obviously improved after the phosphorus element is doped, and is about 0.01mA/cm2(the current density is 1.23V relative to the potential of the reversible hydrogen electrode), has better photoelectric response characteristic and high photocatalytic activity.
Fig. 4 is an XRD spectrum of the phosphorus-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride nano-film, from which it can be seen that the nano-film has a very strong diffraction peak at 27.5 °, which is consistent with the diffraction peak of graphite-phase carbon nitride, and no other diffraction peaks appear, indicating that the phosphorus-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride nano-film with very high purity is prepared by the method of this embodiment.
Example 2
The preparation method of the phosphorus-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride nano film comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 4.5g of 2, 4-diamino-1, 3, 5-triazine and 3.25g of cyanuric acid solid powder, dissolving in 100m L distilled water, stirring at room temperature for 18h, performing suction filtration, drying filter residues at 70 ℃ to obtain a graphite phase carbon nitride precursor, grinding for later use, and cleaning the FTO glass for later use by the same method as the method in the step (1) of the implementation 1;
(2) placing the clean FTO glass in a crucible with the conductive surface facing upwards, weighing 1.2g of graphite-phase carbon nitride precursor powder in the step (1), flatly paving the graphite-phase carbon nitride precursor powder on the FTO glass, calcining the powder at 520 ℃ for 4h under the protection of nitrogen, and heating at the rate of 2.4 ℃/min to obtain a yellow graphite-phase carbon nitride film;
(3) ultrasonically treating the graphite-phase carbon nitride film in the step (2) together with the FTO glass, removing surface impurities, and placing the film in a magnetic boat arranged at the downstream of the tube furnace; 0.8g of sodium hypophosphite serving as a phosphorus source is placed in another magnetic boat placed in a high-temperature area of the tube furnace, and the distance between the two magnetic boats is 7 cm; and placing the two magnetic boats in a tube furnace under the protection of nitrogen and calcining at 325 ℃ for 1.5h at the heating rate of 2.2 ℃/min, taking out a sample after the tube furnace is naturally cooled to room temperature, washing with ethanol and distilled water, and drying to obtain the phosphorus-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride nano film.
Example 3
The preparation method of the phosphorus-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride nano film comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 13.5g of 2, 4-diamino-1, 3, 5-triazine and 9.75g of cyanuric acid solid powder, dissolving the 2, 4-diamino-1, 3, 5-triazine and 9.75g of cyanuric acid solid powder in 300m L distilled water, stirring for 24h at room temperature, carrying out suction filtration, drying filter residues at 60 ℃ to obtain a graphite-phase carbon nitride precursor, grinding for later use, putting 1.5 × 2.5.5 FTO glass sheets in a beaker, washing with tap water, ethanol and distilled water for 30min respectively, then blowing with nitrogen for later use, and cleaning the FTO glass for later use by the same method as the method in the step (1) of the implementation 1;
(2) placing the clean FTO glass in a crucible with the conductive surface facing upwards, weighing 1.0g of the graphite-phase carbon nitride precursor powder in the step (1), flatly paving the powder on the FTO glass, calcining the powder at 550 ℃ for 4h under the protection of nitrogen, and heating at the rate of 2.5 ℃/min to obtain a yellow graphite-phase carbon nitride film;
(3) ultrasonically treating the graphite-phase carbon nitride film in the step (2) together with the FTO glass, removing surface impurities, and placing the film in a magnetic boat arranged at the downstream of the tube furnace; 0.5g of sodium hypophosphite serving as a phosphorus source is placed in another magnetic boat placed in a high-temperature area of the tube furnace, and the distance between the two magnetic boats is 8 cm; and placing the two magnetic boats in a tubular furnace at 350 ℃ for calcining for 2h under the protection of nitrogen, heating at the speed of 2.5 ℃/min, taking out the sample after the tubular furnace is naturally cooled to room temperature, washing with ethanol and distilled water, and drying to obtain the phosphorus-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride nano film.
Claims (4)
1. The preparation method of the phosphorus-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride nano film is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) dissolving high molecular polymer 2, 4-diamino-1, 3, 5-triazine and cyanuric acid in distilled water to prepare mixed solution with the concentration of 45mg/m L and 32.5mg/m L respectively, stirring at room temperature for 12-24h, then carrying out suction filtration, drying filter residue at 60-80 ℃ to obtain a graphite phase carbon nitride precursor, and grinding for later use;
(2) placing the clean FTO glass in a crucible with the conductive surface facing upwards, weighing the graphite-phase carbon nitride precursor powder in the step (1), paving the graphite-phase carbon nitride precursor powder on the FTO glass, calcining the powder for 4 to 5 hours at the temperature of 500-550 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, and heating at the rate of 2.3 to 2.5 ℃/min to obtain a yellow graphite-phase carbon nitride film;
(3) ultrasonically treating the graphite-phase carbon nitride film in the step (2) together with FTO glass, removing surface impurities, and then placing the film in a magnetic boat; and placing sodium hypophosphite serving as a phosphorus source in the other magnetic boat, placing the two magnetic boats in a tubular furnace at the temperature of 300-350 ℃ for calcining for 1-2h under the protection of nitrogen, wherein the heating rate is 2.0-2.5 ℃/min, taking out a sample after the tubular furnace is naturally cooled to room temperature, washing with ethanol and distilled water, and drying to obtain the phosphorus-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride nano film.
2. The method for preparing the phosphorus-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride nano-film according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the weighing amount of the graphite-phase carbon nitride precursor powder in the step (2) is 1.0-1.3 g.
3. The method for preparing the phosphorus-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride nano-film according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the amount of the sodium hypophosphite in the step (3) is 0.5-1 g.
4. The method for preparing the phosphorus-doped graphite-phase carbon nitride nano-film according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and (4) the magnetic boat containing the sodium hypophosphite in the step (3) is positioned in a high-temperature area of the tube furnace, the magnetic boat containing the graphite-phase carbon nitride film sample is positioned at the downstream of the tube furnace, and the distance between the two magnetic boats is 7-8 cm.
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| CN108435229B (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2020-07-31 | 华东理工大学 | Phosphorus-doped hierarchical pore carbon nitride nanosheet and preparation method thereof |
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| CN114032578B (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2023-07-11 | 三峡大学 | Preparation method of boron or phosphorus doped graphite phase carbon nitride film electrode |
| CN115385420B (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2023-11-03 | 江苏理工学院 | In-situ controllable preparation method and application of phosphorus-doped carbon nitride electrode |
| CN115475632B (en) * | 2022-09-13 | 2024-04-05 | 东南大学 | CN/Mn 2 O 3 Preparation method of/FTOp-n heterojunction material, and product and application thereof |
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