CN111905786A - Carbon bridge connection graphite phase carbon nitride in-plane Melon nano material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Carbon bridge connection graphite phase carbon nitride in-plane Melon nano material and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN111905786A
CN111905786A CN202010657317.8A CN202010657317A CN111905786A CN 111905786 A CN111905786 A CN 111905786A CN 202010657317 A CN202010657317 A CN 202010657317A CN 111905786 A CN111905786 A CN 111905786A
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carbon bridge
carbon
graphite phase
melon
carbon nitride
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张龙帅
江训恒
邹建平
巫飞尧
刘海燕
钟子嫒
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Nanchang Hangkong University
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    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J35/39—Photocatalytic properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
    • B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
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    • C01B21/00—Nitrogen; Compounds thereof
    • C01B21/06—Binary compounds of nitrogen with metals, with silicon, or with boron, or with carbon, i.e. nitrides; Compounds of nitrogen with more than one metal, silicon or boron
    • C01B21/0605—Binary compounds of nitrogen with carbon
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    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C01B3/042—Decomposition of water
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    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0266—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step
    • C01B2203/0277—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step containing a catalytic decomposition step
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    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
    • C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis

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Abstract

The invention discloses a carbon bridge connected graphite phase carbon nitride in-plane Melon nano material and a preparation method thereof. Under the excitation of visible light, the introduction of the carbon bridge leads the photocatalytic hydrogen production performance of the material to be improved by more than 10 times compared with a sample without the carbon bridge. The invention has the advantages that: 1. the catalyst can greatly improve the utilization efficiency of photo-generated charges in the material and improve the photocatalytic performance; 2. the catalyst has simple preparation method and low cost, meets the requirement of expanded production and has good photocatalytic stability.

Description

Carbon bridge connection graphite phase carbon nitride in-plane Melon nano material and preparation method thereof
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the field of photocatalysis, in particular to a carbon bridge connection graphite phase carbon nitride in-plane Melon nano material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
g-C3N4As an organic polymer semiconductor material, the material has attracted extensive attention due to the advantages of visible light activity, low cost, simple preparation method, good stability and the like. g-C prepared by different methods3N4Has obvious influence on the photocatalytic activity. g-C prepared when nitrogen-containing precursor is simply calcined3N4Due to incomplete polymerization and residual amino groups, the samples generally exhibit a scarlet-based Melon (HM) structure, which is connected by hydrogen bonding to form a two-dimensional layered structure, and stacked under van der Waals' force to form a final graphite-like structure. However, due to the existence of hydrogen bonds in the inner layer and van der waals interaction between layers, the carrier migration in the Melon structure or between layers is not facilitated, that is, most of photogenerated carriers generated in the bulk cannot reach the surface to complete the redox reaction, so that the utilization of bulk photogenerated carriers is greatly limited, and the photocatalytic activity is low. It is clear that improving charge transport/migration between HM structures is key to increasing the photocatalytic activity of Melon. In general, an increase in g-C3N4The degree of polymerization and the degree of crystallinity of (A) are favorable for forming an ideal two-dimensional graphite-like structure which is favorable for charge migration, but because of high kinetic energy barrier, the g-C is difficult to be obviously improved by simple calcination3N4Thus, in order to increase g-C3N4The researchers developed some other preparation methods, for example, the researchers prepared high crystallinity g-C with foamed nickel as a template and a catalyst3N4Or the pre-calcined melamine is used as the raw material to synthesize the crystalline g-C by a molten salt growth method3N4Has higher charge transport capacity and photocatalytic activity, however, the uncontrollable method exists, and can cause the introduction of impurities which can become g-C3N4Charge recombination centers in the photocatalytic process. Further studies have shown that the foreign element usually substitutes the C-or N-position of the heptazine ring or coordinates to the N atom, apparently atOf these methods, most of the methods have limited improvement in charge transport of the Melon structure, that is, the problem of difficulty in carrier transport between Melon structures has not been effectively solved yet. In addition, these preparation methods have complicated steps and increase the catalyst preparation cost, and thus, in g-C3N4The construction of some new carrier transmission channels is also an effective way to reduce recombination and improve photocatalytic activity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nano material for constructing carbon bridge connection between Melons in a graphite phase carbon nitride plane by using polybasic organic acid and a preparation method thereof. The material is prepared by taking polybasic organic acid as a carbon bridge source and performing thermal polymerization on a supermolecule precursor consisting of melamine, cyanuric acid and the polybasic organic acid, and the material has the advantages of simple synthetic method, low production cost, higher synthetic yield, high purity and good repeatability, and meets the requirement of expanded production.
A carbon bridge connection graphite phase carbon nitride in-plane Melon nanometer material realizes the carbon bridge connection between Melon in graphite phase carbon nitride in-plane by using polybasic organic acid as a carbon bridge source.
A preparation method of a carbon bridge connected graphite phase carbon nitride in-plane Melon nanometer material comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 1 g of melamine and dissolving in 50-100 ml of water;
(2) weighing 1 g of cyanuric acid and 10-100 mg of polybasic organic acid, and dissolving in 100-150 ml of water;
(3) adding the solution in the step (2) into the solution in the step (1), stirring for 1-6 hours at room temperature, and performing suction filtration, water washing and drying to obtain a supramolecular precursor;
(4) and (4) placing the supramolecular precursor obtained in the step (3) into a tube furnace, heating to 500-700 ℃ at the heating rate of 2-15 ℃ per minute under the protection of atmosphere, and preserving heat for 1-5 hours to obtain the carbon bridge connected graphite phase carbon nitride in-plane Melon nanomaterial.
Further, the polybasic organic acid is one of oxalic acid, citric acid, succinic acid and glutaric acid.
The invention takes polybasic organic acid, cyanuric acid and melamine as raw materials, synthesizes a novel supermolecule precursor through hydrogen bond action, obtains Melon type graphite phase carbon nitride (CCHM) nano material connected by carbon bridge through calcination, and adopts X-ray powder diffraction,13C nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy prove that a carbon bridge is successfully introduced into Melon, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy prove that the carbon bridge can provide a charge transmission channel and improve the utilization rate of bulk photon-generated carriers, and the first principle calculation further proves that the introduction of the carbon bridge can increase the conjugation degree of Melon, so that a charge channel is provided between Melon structures, the charge transmission can be promoted, the carrier recombination can be inhibited, the photocatalytic activity is enhanced, and the work improves the carrier transport performance and inhibits g-C by constructing a new carrier transport channel3N4The prepared carbon bridge connected graphite phase carbon nitride in-plane Melon nano material is used for visible light catalytic hydrogen production test, 106 micromole/hour hydrogen evolution rate is obtained, and the apparent quantum yield at 420 nm is 13.1%. The invention provides a new research idea for improving the photo-generated charge efficiency of the graphite phase carbon nitride phase.
The invention has the advantages that: 1. the catalyst can greatly improve the utilization efficiency of photo-generated charges in the material and improve the photocatalytic performance; 2. the catalyst has simple preparation method and low cost, meets the requirement of expanded production and has good photocatalytic stability.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows X-ray powder diffraction patterns (XRD) (inset: partial enlarged view), b, c, of Melon type graphite phase carbon nitride (HM) and carbon bridge-connected Melon type graphite phase carbon nitride (CCHM) prepared by the present invention,13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) C, C1 s and, d, N1 s spectra;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure, a, b, state density distribution diagram, and a schematic diagram of the structure, d, state density distribution diagram, of a CCHM prepared according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a graph of the HM and CCHM prepared according to the present invention, a, the UV-visible absorption spectrum (inset: Tauc curve), b, the fluorescence spectrum (PL), c, the transient fluorescence spectrum, and d, the Electrochemical Impedance Spectrum (EIS);
FIG. 4 is graph of the A, photocatalytic hydrogen production rate and apparent quantum yield and B, photocatalytic hydrogen production cycle of HM and CCHM prepared by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description will be provided in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the present invention, and all similar structures and similar variations using the present invention shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
1. Preparation of carbon bridge connected graphite phase carbon nitride in-plane Melon nano material by using oxalic acid as carbon bridge source
(1) Weighing 1 g of melamine and dissolving in 50-100 ml of water;
(2) weighing 1 g of cyanuric acid and 10-100 mg of oxalic acid to be dissolved in 100-150 ml of water;
(3) adding the solution in the step (2) into the solution in the step (1), stirring for 1-6 hours at room temperature, and performing suction filtration, water washing and drying to obtain a supramolecular precursor;
(4) and (4) placing the supramolecular precursor obtained in the step (3) into a tube furnace, heating to 500-700 ℃ at the heating rate of 2-15 ℃ per minute under the protection of atmosphere, and preserving heat for 1-5 hours to obtain the carbon bridge connected graphite phase carbon nitride in-plane melon nano material.
2. Preparation of carbon bridge connected graphite phase carbon nitride in-plane Melon nano material by using citric acid as carbon bridge source
(1) Weighing 1 g of melamine and dissolving in 50-100 ml of water;
(2) weighing 1 g of cyanuric acid and 10-100 mg of citric acid to be dissolved in 100-150 ml of water;
(3) adding the solution in the step (2) into the solution in the step (1), stirring for 1-6 hours at room temperature, and performing suction filtration, water washing and drying to obtain a supramolecular precursor;
(4) and (4) placing the supramolecular precursor obtained in the step (3) into a tube furnace, heating to 500-700 ℃ at the heating rate of 2-15 ℃ per minute under the protection of atmosphere, and preserving heat for 1-5 hours to obtain the carbon bridge connected graphite phase carbon nitride in-plane melon nano material.
3. Preparation of carbon bridge connected graphite phase carbon nitride in-plane Melon nano material by using succinic acid as carbon bridge source
(1) Weighing 1 g of melamine and dissolving in 50-100 ml of water;
(2) weighing 1 g of cyanuric acid and 10-100 mg of succinic acid to be dissolved in 100-150 ml of water;
(3) adding the solution in the step (2) into the solution in the step (1), stirring for 1-6 hours at room temperature, and performing suction filtration, water washing and drying to obtain a supramolecular precursor;
(4) and (4) placing the supramolecular precursor obtained in the step (3) into a tube furnace, heating to 500-700 ℃ at the heating rate of 2-15 ℃ per minute under the protection of atmosphere, and preserving heat for 1-5 hours to obtain the carbon bridge connected graphite phase carbon nitride in-plane melon nano material.
4. Preparation of carbon bridge connected graphite phase carbon nitride in-plane Melon nano material by using glutaric acid as carbon bridge source
(1) Weighing 1 g of melamine and dissolving in 50-100 ml of water;
(2) weighing 1 g of cyanuric acid and 10-100 mg of glutaric acid, and dissolving in 100-150 ml of water;
(3) adding the solution in the step (2) into the solution in the step (1), stirring for 1-6 hours at room temperature, and performing suction filtration, water washing and drying to obtain a supramolecular precursor;
(4) and (4) placing the supramolecular precursor obtained in the step (3) into a tube furnace, heating to 500-700 ℃ at the heating rate of 2-15 ℃ per minute under the protection of atmosphere, and preserving heat for 1-5 hours to obtain the carbon bridge connected graphite phase carbon nitride in-plane melon nano material.
As shown in fig. 1a, XRD test results show that the CCHM obtained after introducing the polybasic organic acid into the precursor still maintains the graphite-phase carbon nitride structure, and the (100) peak of the CCHM in the inset shifts to a small angle, indicating that the distance of the repeating unit in the CCHM plane increases due to the increased in-plane spacing caused by the introduction of the carbon bridge; FIG. 1b shows that CCHM shows a new peak at 163.4ppm compared to HM, indicating the presence of a carbon bridge; as shown in fig. 1C, the CCHM peak at 284.8eV is significantly larger, indicating an increase in C-C content, while the new peak at 290eV is due to pi-pi transition due to the degree of conjugation, which also indicates successful introduction of a carbon bridge; the results in figure 1d show that the introduction of carbon bridges did not change the chemical environment of the graphite phase carbon nitride, and in summary, the experimental results show that carbon bridges were successfully introduced between the melons and the Melon structure was still maintained.
As shown in fig. 2a and 2b, theoretical calculation indicates that the amino group at the end of Melon has almost no contribution to the conduction band valence band, which indicates that it cannot play a role in charge transport, while as shown in fig. 2c and 2d, the carbon bridge has a significant contribution to the conduction band of Melon, so that the carbon bridge can be used as a charge transport channel to promote charge transport; as shown in fig. 3a, the CCHM prepared by the present invention has a significant blue shift relative to the HM light absorption, which is caused by the quantum confinement effect generated by the CCHM ultrathin nanostructure, while the PL spectrum in fig. 3b shows that the CCHM fluorescence intensity is significantly reduced, indicating that the recombination of photogenerated carriers is reduced, and at the same time, the fluorescence peak of the CCHM has a significant red shift, indicating that the band gap is reduced, indicating that the carbon bridge can affect the electronic structure, which is consistent with the theoretical calculation result; the transient fluorescence spectrum of FIG. 3c shows a significant reduction in the fluorescence lifetime of the CCHM, indicating that the presence of a carbon bridge can accelerate the charge transport rate; as shown in fig. 3d, the semicircular radius of the EIS spectrum for CCHM is significantly smaller than HM, indicating that the carbon bridge can significantly reduce the charge transport resistance.
As shown in fig. 4a, the introduction of the carbon bridge improves the photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of the CCHM by 12 times compared with the HM, and in addition, the CCHM is improved by 33 times compared with the HM in an apparent quantum yield test, which further proves that the carbon bridge can significantly improve the utilization rate of the photo-generated charge; as shown in fig. 4b, the CCHM still maintains a stable photocatalytic hydrogen production rate after 6 cycles of photocatalytic hydrogen production tests, which indicates that the CCHM has good photocatalytic stability.
According to the invention, the carbon bridge is connected with the Melon nano material in the graphite phase carbon nitride surface through the carbon bridge source which is a polybasic organic acid, so that the construction of a charge transmission channel is realized, the migration of bulk photo-generated charges to the surface is promoted, and the high-efficiency photocatalytic hydrogen production is achieved. Provides a new idea for the design and preparation of the photocatalytic material for improving the utilization rate of bulk photo-generated charges. The catalyst has simple synthesis method, low production cost, high synthesis yield, high purity and good repeatability, and meets the requirement of expanded production; the catalyst has good and stable performance of photocatalytic water decomposition.

Claims (3)

1. A carbon bridge connection graphite phase carbon nitride in-plane Melon nanometer material is characterized in that: and the carbon bridge connection between Melons in the graphite phase carbon nitride planes is realized by using the polybasic organic acid as a carbon bridge source.
2. A preparation method of a carbon bridge connection graphite phase carbon nitride in-plane Melon nanometer material is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method adopts polybasic organic acid as a carbon bridge source and comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 1 g of melamine and dissolving in 50-100 ml of water;
(2) weighing 1 g of cyanuric acid and 10-100 mg of polybasic organic acid, and dissolving in 100-150 ml of water;
(3) adding the solution in the step (2) into the solution in the step (1), stirring for 1-6 hours at room temperature, and performing suction filtration, water washing and drying to obtain a supramolecular precursor;
(4) and (4) placing the supramolecular precursor obtained in the step (3) into a tube furnace, heating to 500-700 ℃ at the heating rate of 2-15 ℃ per minute under the protection of atmosphere, and preserving heat for 1-5 hours to obtain the carbon bridge connected graphite phase carbon nitride in-plane Melon nanomaterial.
3. The method for preparing a carbon bridge-connected graphite-phase carbon nitride in-plane Melon nanomaterial as claimed in claim 2, wherein: (2) the polybasic organic acid in (1) is one of oxalic acid, citric acid, succinic acid and glutaric acid.
CN202010657317.8A 2020-07-09 2020-07-09 Carbon bridge connection graphite phase carbon nitride in-plane Melon nano material and preparation method thereof Pending CN111905786A (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105817255A (en) * 2016-05-11 2016-08-03 武汉理工大学 Manganese oxide-graphite phase carbon nitride composite photocatalytic material and preparation method thereof
CN107043222A (en) * 2017-01-20 2017-08-15 西北师范大学 The preparation method of phosphorus doping graphite phase carbon nitride nano thin-film
CN109420514A (en) * 2017-08-21 2019-03-05 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 A kind of nickel single-site graphite phase carbon nitride base optic catalytic material and its preparation method and application

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105817255A (en) * 2016-05-11 2016-08-03 武汉理工大学 Manganese oxide-graphite phase carbon nitride composite photocatalytic material and preparation method thereof
CN107043222A (en) * 2017-01-20 2017-08-15 西北师范大学 The preparation method of phosphorus doping graphite phase carbon nitride nano thin-film
CN109420514A (en) * 2017-08-21 2019-03-05 中国科学院上海硅酸盐研究所 A kind of nickel single-site graphite phase carbon nitride base optic catalytic material and its preparation method and application

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
张龙帅: "基于超分子前驱体制备g-C3N4基光催化剂及产氢性能研究", 《中国优秀博士学位论文全文数据库 工程科技I辑》 *

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Application publication date: 20201110