CN107042879B - A kind of oblique slipway launching traction device and method - Google Patents
A kind of oblique slipway launching traction device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107042879B CN107042879B CN201611077717.1A CN201611077717A CN107042879B CN 107042879 B CN107042879 B CN 107042879B CN 201611077717 A CN201611077717 A CN 201611077717A CN 107042879 B CN107042879 B CN 107042879B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63C—LAUNCHING, HAULING-OUT, OR DRY-DOCKING OF VESSELS; LIFE-SAVING IN WATER; EQUIPMENT FOR DWELLING OR WORKING UNDER WATER; MEANS FOR SALVAGING OR SEARCHING FOR UNDERWATER OBJECTS
- B63C3/00—Launching or hauling-out by landborne slipways; Slipways
- B63C3/10—Launching or hauling-out by landborne slipways; Slipways using releasing devices
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- Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
- Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of oblique slipway launching traction device, including two arine railways and it is lauched slide plate, arine railway is equipped with trigger, tackle pulley, tackle steel cable, hoist engine and anchor block, it is lauched slide plate side and is equipped with the stop block for being used for hooking trigger, tackle pulley is two groups synchronous, pulley blocks front end connects hull, rear end is connected with hoist engine and anchor block, hoist engine is fixed at arine railway rear end between anchor block and hull, tackle steel cable is arranged in hull, between tackle pulley and hoist engine, realize that the traction realized to hull is opened or collapsed to tackle pulley by hoist engine folding and unfolding tackle steel cable.When the present invention preferably solves oblique building berth series connection more ships of construction, easily deflect, be detached from when far from seawater side ship gravity launching the safety problem of slideway, and traction device structure is simple, installation configuration is convenient, factory's existing equipments resources can be made full use of simply to be transformed, above-mentioned safety problem is solved with smaller cost, improves oblique building berth service efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to shipbuilding technical field more particularly to a kind of oblique slipway launching traction device and methods.
Background technique
Ship uses series connection construction method in dock, building berth building course, to improve dock, berth utilization ratio sometimes,
I.e. dock, be one in front and one in back simutaneously arranged two ships series connection on building berth and carry out segment carryings, but this method of construction is chiefly used in platybasic type
Dock, it is less to be used for apsacline building berth, because for oblique building berth, when needing to be lauched after hull forming, for by coastal waters side
Ship can be directly used conventional gravity launching method, but for from the farther away ship in extra large side, such as straight because its slippage is longer
It connects and easily increases the probability that ship deflected or be detached from slideway accident during being lauched using gravity launching, especially for
Hull is linear to be changed greatly, and the flat lesser ship of area, the probability for deflecting or being detached from slideway accident is bigger, and for flat
Die bed dock need to only pour water so that flat float of ship is pulled out, without above-mentioned accident risk.For the utilization for improving oblique building berth
Rate, and ship when oblique slipway launching is avoided to deflect or be detached from the risk of slideway accident, this project provides a kind of oblique building berth
It is lauched traction method, is solved the above problems.
Summary of the invention
First technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide that a kind of structure is simple, oblique slipway launching easy to assembly
Traction device, the traction to ship are lauched.
Second technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of oblique slipway launching traction method, is led by above-mentioned
Leading-in device makes to carry out conventional gravity launching again from after the farther away ship-dragging to the launching position of safety of extra large side.
The present invention solves technical solution used by above-mentioned first technical problem are as follows: a kind of oblique slipway launching traction dress
It sets, is lauched slide plate including two parallel arine railways and below hull, it is characterised in that: the arine railway is in
It is low early and high after to be obliquely installed, trigger, the tackle pulley for drawing hull, tackle steel cable, elevator are equipped on arine railway
Machine and anchor block, wherein trigger is several, and interval is laid in the front half section of arine railway, and the side for being lauched slide plate, which is equipped with, to be used
In the stop block of hooking trigger, tackle pulley is two groups of synchronization, is separately positioned on two arine railways, the front end of pulley blocks
Hull is connected, rear end is connected with hoist engine and anchor block, and the rear end that hoist engine is fixed at arine railway is located at anchoring
Between block and hull, tackle steel cable is arranged between hull, tackle pulley and hoist engine, passes through hoist engine folding and unfolding tackle steel cable
It realizes the opening of tackle pulley or collapses and then realize the traction to hull.
As an improvement, the tackle steel cable is a whole-root rope, the diameter of tackle steel cable is greater than 28mm, tackle steel cable
One end on a hoist engine, the other end enters in a tackle pulley, and protrudes into after winding several circles back and forth in tackle pulley
In guide roller in the middle part of ship head end, through leading back into another tackle pulley on another arine railway, and in another coaster
In group after the round-trip same circle number of winding, returns on another hoist engine and be wound.
It is preferred that round-trip coiling circle number of the tackle steel cable in tackle pulley is 5 circles, arine railway is equipped with to coaster
The slideway guide roller that wirerope is oriented to.
As an improvement, being to have for checking two tackle pulley synchronous situation in ship folding process on the tackle steel cable
Red cloth item.
As an improvement, the outside plate two sides of the hull are equipped with the pulling force eye plate connecting for pulley blocks with hull, two groups of cunnings
Vehicle group passes through anchoring steel wire rope respectively and steel shackle is connected on pulling force eye plate, is equipped in the middle part of ship hull plate head end for connecting
Two groups of pulley blocks make it keep synchronous guide roller.
As an improvement, the rear end of arine railway is arranged in the anchor block, the rear end of tackle pulley passes through anchoring steel wire rope
It is connected with anchor block, hoist engine is worn anchoring steel wire rope by two pulling force eye plates that bottom is welded and is connected and fixed with anchor block.
It is preferred that the diameter of the anchoring steel wire rope is greater than 36mm, anchor block is equipped with anchor block pulling force eye plate, anchors steel wire
It is connected between rope and anchor block pulling force eye plate, two pulling force eye plates by steel shackle.
It improves again, the hoist engine is weldingly fixed on arine railway by code plate, and anchor block selects two 25~35 tons
Kentledge is served as, and is connected crossbeam by anchor block between two pieces of anchor blocks and is welded to connect, and the rear end of anchor block is equipped with pendant in ship
For increasing the emergency ballast anchoring iron block of anchor force below platform slideway end portion.
The present invention solves technical solution used by above-mentioned second technical problem are as follows: a kind of oblique slipway launching traction side
Method, it is characterised in that the following steps are included:
1) it first calculates and is lauched tractive force: according to the weight of the various components of state ship, shipment equipment, ballast before being lauched
It collects after the empirical data summarized is modified and is calculated when measuring, building berth skin-friction coefficient, and being lauched in conjunction with previous ship type
It is lauched tractive force;
2) arrange it is above-mentioned is lauched traction device, including trigger, the stop block for being lauched slide plate side, ship hull plate two sides
Guide roller, slideway guide roller, tackle pulley, tackle steel cable, anchoring steel wire in the middle part of pulling force eye plate, ship hull plate head end
Rope, hoist engine, anchor block, emergency ballast anchor block, anchor block connect the red cloth item of crossbeam and simultaneous observation;
3) hoist engine on two arine railways carries out folding and unfolding tackle steel cable simultaneously, and tackle pulley is gradually drawn high by collapsing,
Ship slowly moves down simultaneously, while two tackle pulley synchronous situation in ship folding process is checked by red cloth item, it is ensured that two is sliding
Vehicle group keeps synchronizing;
4) it is determined to divide according to the length situation of ready tackle steel cable and be moved down several times, it is perpendicular to move down rear trigger for the first time
It plays hooking to live stop block and remain stationary hull, be collapsed again after tackle pulley removal load, repeat second and draw, until by ship
Until body moves on to specified safe launching position.
As an improvement, the position of the stop block is according to the length of tackle steel cable, tackle pulley windings, anchoring
The length computation of wirerope obtains, and each hull moves down after reaching, and it is sliding that the position of stop block is placed exactly in lower section building berth
Trigger is holded up in the position of road trigger, and hooking, which lives stop block, remains stationary hull.
Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are as follows: traction method of the invention preferably solves oblique building berth string
When joint construction makes more ships, the safety problem for the slideway that easily deflects, is detached from when far from seawater side ship gravity launching, and this
The traction device structure of invention is simple, and installation configuration is convenient, and factory's existing equipments resources can be made full use of simply to be transformed, with
Smaller cost solves above-mentioned safety problem, improves oblique building berth service efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the side view of traction device provided by the invention;
Fig. 2 is the partial enlarged view of tackle pulley traction arrangement in Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the top view of traction device of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the partial enlarged view of tackle pulley traction arrangement in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is the side view that folding process is drawn in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the top view that folding process is drawn in the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the embodiments of the drawings.
As shown in Figs 1-4, a kind of oblique slipway launching traction device including two parallel arine railways 1 and is located at ship
2 lower section of body is lauched slide plate, and arine railway 1 is low early and high after being obliquely installed of 1:18~22 (preferably 1:20) with slope,
Arine railway 1 is equipped with trigger 3, the tackle pulley 6 for drawing hull 1, tackle steel cable 7, hoist engine 9 and anchor block 10,
Wherein trigger 3 is several, and interval is laid in the front half section of arine railway 1, and the side for being lauched slide plate is equipped with stops for hooking
The stop block 4 of sliding device 3, tackle pulley 6 are two groups of synchronization, are separately positioned on two arine railways 1, and the front end of pulley blocks 6 connects
Hull 2 is connect, rear end is connected with hoist engine 9 and anchor block 10, and the rear end that hoist engine 9 is fixed at arine railway 1 is located at
Between anchor block 10 and hull 2, tackle steel cable 7 is arranged between hull 2, tackle pulley 6 and hoist engine 9, is received by hoist engine 9
It puts tackle steel cable 7 and realizes the traction of the opening or gathering and then realization of tackle pulley 6 to hull 2, anchor block 10 is arranged in building berth
The rear end of the rear end of slideway 1, tackle pulley 6 is connected by anchoring steel wire rope 8 and steel shackle with anchor block 10, and hoist engine 9 is logical
Two pulling force eye plates 92 for crossing bottom welding are worn anchoring steel wire rope 8 and are connected and fixed with anchor block 10;Distinguish the outside plate two sides of hull 2
The pulling force eye plate 21 connecting for pulley blocks 6 with hull 2 equipped with two, two groups of pulley blocks 6 pass through anchoring steel wire rope 8 and steel respectively
Shackle is connected on pulling force eye plate 21, and be equipped in the middle part of 2 outside plate head end of hull makes it keep synchronizing for connecting two groups of pulley blocks 6
Guide roller 22, avoid hull 2 from deflecting, be connected between guide roller 22 and tackle pulley 6 by tackle steel cable 7, coaster
Wirerope 7 is a whole-root rope, and the diameter of tackle steel cable 7 is greater than 28mm, and one end of tackle steel cable 7 is wound on a hoist engine 9
On, the other end enters in a tackle pulley 6, and protrudes into the orienting roll in the middle part of 2 head end of hull after winding 5 circles back and forth in tackle pulley 6
It in wheel 22, is led back into another tackle pulley 6 on another arine railway 1, and winding is same back and forth in another tackle pulley 6
After 5 circles, returns on another hoist engine 9 and be wound, be to have for checking two in 2 folding process of hull on tackle steel cable 7
The red cloth item 20 of 6 synchronous situation of tackle pulley;It is led in addition, being equipped with the slideway being oriented to tackle steel cable 7 on arine railway 1
Way roller 5;Hoist engine 9 is weldingly fixed on arine railway 1 by code plate 91, and the diameter of anchoring steel wire rope 8 is greater than 36mm, anchoring
Block 10 is equipped with anchor block pulling force eye plate, between anchoring steel wire rope 8 and 2 liang of anchor block pulling force eye plate, hull side draw eye plates 22
It is connected by steel shackle, anchor block 10 selects two 25~35 tons of kentledge to serve as, and passes through anchoring between two pieces of anchor blocks 10
Block connects crossbeam 101 and is welded to connect, and the rear end of anchor block 9 is equipped with pendant below 1 end of arine railway for increasing anchor force
Ballast of meeting an urgent need anchors iron block 102, prevents anchor block 10 from falling off from 1 end of arine railway.
A kind of oblique slipway launching traction method, the specific steps are as follows:
1) it first calculates and is lauched tractive force: according to the weight of the various components of state ship, shipment equipment, ballast before being lauched
It collects after the empirical data summarized is modified and is calculated when measuring, building berth skin-friction coefficient, and being lauched in conjunction with previous ship type
It is lauched tractive force;
2) arrangement is above-mentioned is lauched traction device, including trigger 3, the stop block 4 for being lauched slide plate side, 2 outside plate two of hull
Guide roller 22, slideway guide roller 5, tackle pulley 6, tackle steel cable in the middle part of the pulling force eye plate 21 of side, 2 outside plate head end of hull
7, anchoring steel wire rope 8, hoist engine 9, anchor block 10, emergency ballast anchor block 102, anchor block connection crossbeam 101 and simultaneous observation
Red cloth item 21;Wherein length of the position of stop block according to tackle steel cable, tackle pulley windings, anchoring steel wire rope
Length computation obtain, each hull move down distance reach after, the position of stop block be placed exactly in lower section arine railway on-slip
Trigger is holded up in the position of device, and hooking, which lives stop block, remains stationary hull;
3) hoist engine 9 on two arine railways 1 carries out folding and unfolding tackle steel cable 7 simultaneously, and tackle pulley 6 is gradually drawn by collapsing
It rising, hull 2 slowly moves down simultaneously, while two tackle pulleys, 6 synchronous situation in 2 folding process of hull is checked by red cloth item 20,
Ensure that two tackle pulleys 6 keep synchronizing;
4) it is moved down in three times according to the determination of the length situation of ready tackle steel cable 7, the secondary distance moved down, needs every time
Each tackle pulley 6 is calculated in advance from rounding state to all elongation shapes according to the length of above-mentioned ready tackle steel cable 7
The slippage distance of state, moving down rear trigger 3 for the first time and holding up hooking and live stop block 4 remains stationary hull 2,6 removal of tackle pulley
It is collapsed again after load and arrives original state, unclamp again stop block 4, allowing tackle pulley 6, stress repeats second again and draws again, directly
Until hull 2 is moved on to specified safe launching position.
It is connected on oblique building berth by two maritime platform ancillary works ships (abbreviation PSV) for building below, to the present invention
It is described in further detail:
The present invention includes being lauched traction Force Calculation, is lauched traction device preparation, is lauched the traction several parts of arrangement.
One, it is lauched traction Force Calculation, various components, shipment equipment, the ballast of state ship before statistics is lauched respectively
The weight of object, collect statistics obtain single PSV and are lauched total weight to be 2625 tons, and oblique building berth slope is 1:20, inquires oblique building berth table
Face coefficient of friction, and while being lauched in conjunction with previous ship type, collects after the empirical data that summarizes is modified and is calculated along oblique building berth table
Tractive force size when face glides is 95 tons.
Two, it is lauched traction device and prepares and be lauched traction arrangement
1 outside plate of hull, two side draw eye plate 21 arranges 4 altogether, for the connection of pulley blocks 6 and hull 1, is welded and fixed, often
50 tons of load are only appraised and decided, amounts to 200 tons, greater than 95 tons of tractive force when gliding.
Guide roller 22 in the middle part of 1 outside plate head end of hull, outfit appraise and decide 20 tons of guide rollers of load, are weldingly fixed on hull 1
On head end outside plate, for connecting two groups of pulley blocks 6 on two arine railways 1, it is made to keep synchronizing.To be supervised in real time convenient for naked eyes
It surveys, a red cloth item 20 is fastened on tackle steel cable 7, checks whether simultaneous observation red cloth item 20 is sent out in 2 folding process of hull
Raw displacement, determines two tackle pulleys, 6 synchronous situation.
Two sets of tackle pulleys 6, it is desirable that each coaster for selecting the two 50 tons 4 above models of wheel constitutes tackle pulley, every group of tackle pulley
After fixed pulley movable pulley subtracts power, 7 pulling force of tackle steel cable of output end is 5.7 tons.According to the existing tackle rigging model of factory,
Scene has actually selected the coaster of 50 ton of 6 wheel, 80 ton of 5 wheel, two kinds of models to constitute tackle pulley 6.
Hoist engine 9 requires elevator pulling force to be greater than 5.7 tons.According to the existing hoist engine device model of factory, scene is practical to be selected
The hoist engine 9 that two pulling force are 20 tons.Hoist engine 9 is placed on 1 end of arine railway, passes through between hoist engine 9 and arine railway 1
Code plate 1491 is welded and fixed, and wears anchoring steel wire rope 8 by two pulling force eye plates 22 that bottom is welded and connect admittedly with anchor block 10
It is fixed.
Anchor block 10 selects two 30 tons of kentledge to serve as, with anchor block connection 101 rigid solder of crossbeam connection, anchoring
10 sets of block at 1 end ladder of arine railway, and respectively plus 30 tons of emergency ballast anchoring iron block 102 pendant is fallen in building berth in building berth
It is increased below end and increases anchor force below anchor force end, prevent anchor block 10 from falling off from 1 end of arine railway.
Tackle steel cable 7 requires to select the wirerope for being greater than 28mm diameter, and the rupture pull force of wirerope meets calculated result.
5 tonnes of guide rollers that slideway guide roller 5 selects guide angle little, choosing when guide angle reaches 360 ° approximate
With 20 tonnes of guide rollers, slideway guide roller 5 is weldingly fixed on 1 steel plate of arine railway.
Anchoring steel wire rope 8 requires to select the wirerope for being greater than 36mm diameter, and the rupture pull force of wirerope meets calculated result.
It is connected between anchoring steel wire rope 8 and 2 liang of anchor block pulling force eye plate, hull side draw eye plates 21 by steel shackle.
The stop block 4 for being lauched slide plate side is the small iron block of tooling made of several pieces of steel plate butt weldings, is welded on and is lauched slide plate
Side, the trigger 3 on hooking arine railway 1, is kept fixed hull 1.Specific position is according to coaster steel wire
Rope 7 length, 6 windings of tackle pulley, anchoring steel wire rope 8 length computation get, this PSV ship launching draw when, factory
The tackle steel cable 7 of outfit is 700 meters, and ship initial position moves to safe launching position need to move 90 meters altogether, be divided under 3 times
It moves, as shown in Figure 5,6, moving distance is respectively 30 meters, 24 meters, 36 meters, after moving down distance arrival every time, the position of stop block 4
It is placed exactly in the position of lower section 1 trigger 3 of arine railway, holds up slideway trigger 3, hooking lives stop block, and 4 keep hull 2
It is motionless, it is collapsed again after 6 removal load of tackle pulley, repetition is drawn next time, until hull 2 moves down into safe launching position.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of oblique slipway launching traction device, the lower neatly including two parallel arine railways and below ship body
Plate, it is characterised in that: the arine railway is obliquely installed in low early and high after, trigger is equipped on arine railway, for drawing
Tackle pulley, tackle steel cable, hoist engine and the anchor block of hull, wherein trigger is several, and interval is laid in arine railway
Front half section, the side for being lauched slide plate is equipped with stop block for hooking trigger, and tackle pulley is synchronous two groups, is respectively set
On two arine railways, the front end of pulley blocks connects hull, and rear end is connected with hoist engine and anchor block, and hoist engine fixation is set
The rear end in arine railway is set between anchor block and hull, tackle steel cable is arranged in hull, tackle pulley and hoist engine
Between, the opening of tackle pulley is realized by hoist engine folding and unfolding tackle steel cable or collapses the traction realized to hull;
The outside plate two sides of the hull are equipped with the pulling force eye plate connecting for pulley blocks with hull, and two groups of tackle pulleys pass through anchor respectively
Gu wirerope and steel shackle are connected on pulling force eye plate, being equipped in the middle part of ship hull plate head end makes it for connecting two groups of pulley blocks
Keep synchronous guide roller.
2. oblique slipway launching traction device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the tackle steel cable is one whole
The diameter of rope, tackle steel cable is greater than 28mm, and on a hoist engine, the other end enters a coaster for one end of tackle steel cable
It in group, and is protruded into the guide roller in the middle part of ship head end after winding several circles back and forth in tackle pulley, through leading back into another
Another tackle pulley on one arine railway, and back and forth after the same circle number of winding, returned on another hoist engine in another tackle pulley
It is wound.
3. oblique slipway launching traction device according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the tackle steel cable is in tackle pulley
Interior round-trip coiling circle number is 5 circles, and arine railway is equipped with the slideway guide roller being oriented to tackle steel cable.
4. oblique slipway launching traction device according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: be useful on the tackle steel cable
In the red cloth item for checking two tackle pulley synchronous situations in ship folding process.
5. oblique slipway launching traction device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the anchor block setting is sliding in building berth
The rear end of the rear end in road, tackle pulley is connected by anchoring steel wire rope with anchor block, welded by bottom two of hoist engine
Pulling force eye plate is worn anchoring steel wire rope and is connected and fixed with anchor block.
6. oblique slipway launching traction device according to claim 5, it is characterised in that: the diameter of the anchoring steel wire rope is big
In 36mm, anchor block is equipped with anchor block pulling force eye plate, between anchoring steel wire rope and anchor block pulling force eye plate, two pulling force eye plates
It is connected by steel shackle.
7. oblique slipway launching traction device according to claim 6, it is characterised in that: the hoist engine is welded by code plate
It is fixed on arine railway, anchor block selects two 25~35 tons of kentledge to serve as, and passes through anchor block between two pieces of anchor blocks
It connects crossbeam to be welded to connect, the rear end of anchor block is equipped with pendant below arine railway end for increasing the emergency ballast of anchor force
Anchor iron block.
8. one kind is lauched traction method to oblique slipway launching traction device described in 7 any claims according to claim 1,
Characterized by the following steps:
1) it first calculates and is lauched tractive force: according to the weight of the various components of state ship, shipment equipment, ballast before being lauched,
Building berth skin-friction coefficient, and while being lauched in conjunction with previous ship type, collects to be calculated after the empirical data that summarizes is modified and be lauched
Tractive force;
2) arrangement be lauched traction device, including trigger, the stop block for being lauched slide plate side, ship hull plate two sides pulling force eye
Guide roller, slideway guide roller, tackle pulley, tackle steel cable, anchoring steel wire rope, elevator in the middle part of plate, ship hull plate head end
Machine, anchor block, emergency ballast anchor block, anchor block connect the red cloth item of crossbeam and simultaneous observation;
3) hoist engine on two arine railways carries out folding and unfolding tackle steel cable simultaneously, and tackle pulley is gradually drawn high by collapsing, ship
It slowly moves down simultaneously, while checking two tackle pulley synchronous situation in ship folding process by red cloth item, it is ensured that two tackle pulleys
It keeps synchronizing;
4) it is determined to divide according to the length situation of ready tackle steel cable and be moved down several times, moved down rear trigger for the first time and hold up hook
Tangling stop block remains stationary hull, collapses again after tackle pulley removal load, repeats second and draws, until hull is moved
Until specified safe launching position.
9. oblique slipway launching traction device according to claim 8 is lauched traction method, it is characterised in that: the backstop
The position of block is obtained according to the length computation of the length of tackle steel cable, tackle pulley windings, anchoring steel wire rope, every time
Hull moves down after reaching, and the position of stop block is placed exactly in the position of lower section arine railway trigger, holds up on-slip
Device, hooking, which lives stop block, remains stationary hull.
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CN109204738B (en) * | 2018-10-19 | 2020-01-24 | 中船澄西船舶修造有限公司 | Lifting type ship launching slideway |
CN109231098B (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2023-07-25 | 上海振华重工(集团)股份有限公司 | Tool piece for integral moving of cutter suction dredger bridge frame and moving method thereof |
CN112550617B (en) * | 2020-12-04 | 2021-12-21 | 沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司 | Method for fixing anti-skid channel steel at bottom of ship launching |
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GB1455726A (en) * | 1972-11-16 | 1976-11-17 | Ijsselveer Bv | Method and apparatus for building a ship on a slipway and launching same in the longitudinal direction of the ship |
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