CN107041557A - It is easy to the dietary fiber preparation technology of large-scale production - Google Patents
It is easy to the dietary fiber preparation technology of large-scale production Download PDFInfo
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- CN107041557A CN107041557A CN201710040512.4A CN201710040512A CN107041557A CN 107041557 A CN107041557 A CN 107041557A CN 201710040512 A CN201710040512 A CN 201710040512A CN 107041557 A CN107041557 A CN 107041557A
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- Prior art keywords
- hemicellulose
- lignin
- dietary fiber
- filtrate
- cellulose
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 235000013325 dietary fiber Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- LPQOADBMXVRBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ac1ldcw0 Chemical compound Cl.C1CN(C)CCN1C1=C(F)C=C2C(=O)C(C(O)=O)=CN3CCSC1=C32 LPQOADBMXVRBNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009102 absorption Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010054949 Metaplasia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000001093 anti-cancer Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006837 decompression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012869 ethanol precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013373 food additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002778 food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000002864 food coloring agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005417 food ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;phenol Chemical compound O=C.OC1=CC=CC=C1 SLGWESQGEUXWJQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013376 functional food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015689 metaplastic ossification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003053 toxin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000765 toxin Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003722 vitamin derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Landscapes
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the dietary fiber preparation technology for being easy to large-scale production, comprise the following steps：1), stalk adds acetic acid boiling at 80 100 DEG C, filtering, contains hemicellulose and lignin in filtrate, filter residue is cellulose；2), to step 1) in add acetic acid in the filtrate that obtains, it is 5.0 6.0 to maintain pH, adds monose, and monose is formed with lignin graft copolymerization contains hemicellulose in lignin copolymer, filtering, filtrate, filter residue is lignin copolymer；3), to step 2) ethanol is added in the filtrate that obtains, hemicellulose precipitation, filtering, filter residue is hemicellulose；4), by step 2) obtain lignin copolymer, step 1) obtain cellulose, step 3) obtain hemicellulose and starch carry out mixing obtain dietary fiber.The mouthfeel of dietary fiber in stalk can be improved by technique of the present invention, and it is relatively low to equipment requirement, suitable for large-scale production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the preparing technical field of dietary fiber, and in particular to is easy to the dietary fiber of large-scale production to prepare work
Skill.
Background technology
Dietary fiber is a kind of current functional food ingredient generally acknowledged in the world, is referred to as except water, protein, sugar
" the 7th nutrient " outside class, lipid, vitamin, the big nutrient of mineral matter 6, and be described as in 21 century food industry most by
Concern, a kind of food additives with special healthcare function and food modifying function.Dietary fiber can be as a kind of effective
Functional health-care food prevention of various diseases, and with water-retaining property, Oil keeping, improve the special work(such as food color and local flavor
Effect, can improve human consumption's absorption, strengthen body discharges function, promote the diet structure balance of human body, hinder human body to one
A little eutrophic excessive absorptions, keep function equilibrium, prevent all kinds of calculus etc. to make with anticancer, decompression, reducing blood lipid, reducing slimming machine
With.
Contain dietary fiber in the crops such as stalk, water fruits and vegetables, but dietary fiber is extracted from water fruits and vegetables
Cost is higher.And be relatively low in the crops such as stalk not only containing abundant dietary fiber into cost is prepared, so adopting
It is a kind of industry development trend that dietary fiber is prepared with stalk, and dietary fiber mainly includes cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.
Dietary fiber compacted mass in stalk, it is relatively more inflexible, not only influence mouthfeel but also band is gone away when by human body
The efficiency reduction of body enteron aisle rubbish.Therefore, the dietary fiber in stalk is needed after cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin separation
Mixed again.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the dietary fiber preparation technology for being easy to large-scale production, it can be improved by the technique
The mouthfeel of dietary fiber in stalk, and it is relatively low to equipment requirement, suitable for large-scale production.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
It is easy to the dietary fiber preparation technology of large-scale production, comprises the following steps：
1), stalk adds acetic acid boiling at 80-100 DEG C, filtering, contains hemicellulose and lignin, filter residue in filtrate
For cellulose；
2), to step 1) in add acetic acid in the filtrate that obtains, maintenances pH is 5.0-6.0, addition monose, monose with it is wooden
Plain graft copolymerization, which is formed, contains hemicellulose in lignin copolymer, filtering, filtrate, filter residue is lignin copolymer；
3), to step 2) ethanol is added in the filtrate that obtains, hemicellulose precipitation, filtering, filter residue is hemicellulose；
4), by step 2) obtain lignin copolymer, step 1) obtain cellulose, step 3) obtain hemicellulose
And starch carries out mixing and obtains dietary fiber.
It is relatively more inflexible due to dietary fiber compacted mass in stalk, not only influence mouthfeel but also taken away when by human body
The efficiency reduction of human body intestinal canal rubbish.Therefore, the dietary fiber in stalk is needed cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin separation
Mixed again afterwards
The principle of the present invention：During acetic acid boiling, hemicellulose and lignin dissolution are in acetum, filtering
Cellulose is in filter residue afterwards, and hemicellulose and lignin are stayed in filtrate, and filtrate is obtained into lignin copolymer with monose polycondensation,
Filtering, filter residue is lignin copolymer, and filtrate uses ethanol precipitation hemicellulose, and filtering obtains hemicellulose.
Lignin of the present invention has aldehyde radical, and monose is partly ring-type in aqueous, is partly chain, in monose
Phenolic hydroxyl group and lignin in aldehyde radical carry out phenol formaldehyde condensation reaction, then, the strand of lignin increases, molecular weight increase,
Filament with certain lines is changed into from original unbodied granular structure, chewy texture can not only be increased, strengthens mouthfeel,
And hydrophobicity can be improved, it is macromolecule that the lignin after improvement, which improves material, not easily digested, passes through human body
When directly take away rubbish and toxin in enteron aisle, play a part of toxicant elimination and fat cleanness, the ratio of acetic acid and stalk is preferably 1:1-3.
To sum up, the lignin copolymer of preparation, cellulose, hemicellulose and starch are carried out mixing and obtain meals by the present invention
Food fiber not only increases the gas porosity of dietary fiber in stalk, and prepares lignin copolymer because by original unbodied
Granular structure is changed into the filament with certain lines and improves mouthfeel, and the dietary fiber prepared by the present invention has good
Mouthfeel.
Meanwhile, the present invention does not have too high requirement to temperature and pressure, and then relatively low to equipment requirement, suitable for scale metaplasia
Production.
Further, step 2) in filtrate and monose weight ratio be 20-30：5-8.
Applicant proves that the weight ratio of filtrate and monose is 20-30 by lot of experiments：During 5-8, lignin copolymerization is formed
The mouthfeel of thing is optimal.
Further, step 4) middle sodium carbonate or sodium acid carbonate regulation pH to 4.5-6.0.
Further, step 4) in lignin copolymer, cellulose, the mixed proportion of hemicellulose and starch be 1:1.3-
1.8:1.5-2.0:2.5-3.0。
Aforementioned proportion mixing enables to prepare dietary fiber mouth and see to reach most preferably.
Further, by step 1) obtain cellulose and be prepared into modified cellulose, it is lignin copolymer, cellulose, half fine
The mixed proportion of dimension element, modified cellulose and starch is 1:1.3-1.8:1.5-2.0:1.5-1.8：2.5-3.0.
Cellulose is prepared into modified cellulose and uses prior art, by adding modified cellulose in dietary fiber, has
Beneficial to the mouthfeel for providing dietary fiber.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages and advantages：
1st, the lignin copolymer of preparation, cellulose, hemicellulose and starch are carried out mixing and obtain meals by the present invention
Fiber not only increases the gas porosity of dietary fiber in stalk, and prepares lignin copolymer because by original unbodied powder
Shape structure is changed into the filament with certain lines and improves mouthfeel, and the dietary fiber prepared by the present invention has good mouth
Sense.
2nd, the present invention does not have too high requirement to temperature and pressure, and then relatively low to equipment requirement, suitable for large-scale production.
Embodiment
For the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are more clearly understood, with reference to embodiment, to present invention work
Further to describe in detail, exemplary embodiment and its explanation of the invention is only used for explaining the present invention, is not intended as to this
The restriction of invention.
Embodiment 1：
It is easy to the dietary fiber preparation technology of large-scale production, comprises the following steps：
1), stalk adds acetic acid boiling at 80 DEG C, filtering, and hemicellulose and lignin are contained in filtrate, and filter residue is fibre
Dimension element；
2), to step 1) in add acetic acid in the filtrate that obtains, it is 5.0 to maintain pH, adds monose, and monose connects with lignin
The weight ratio of branch copolymerization formation lignin copolymer, filtrate and monose is 20：5, filter, contain hemicellulose, filter residue in filtrate
For lignin copolymer；
3), to step 2) ethanol is added in the filtrate that obtains, hemicellulose precipitation, filtering, filter residue is hemicellulose；
4), by step 2) obtain lignin copolymer, step 1) obtain cellulose, step 3) obtain hemicellulose
And starch carries out mixing and obtains dietary fiber, and pH is adjusted to 4.5 with sodium carbonate or sodium acid carbonate, wherein, lignin copolymer,
The mixed proportion of cellulose, hemicellulose and starch is 1:1.3:1.5:2.5.
Embodiment 2：
It is easy to the dietary fiber preparation technology of large-scale production, comprises the following steps：
1), stalk adds acetic acid boiling at 100 DEG C, filtering, and hemicellulose and lignin are contained in filtrate, and filter residue is fibre
Dimension element；
2), to step 1) in add acetic acid in the filtrate that obtains, it is 6.0 to maintain pH, adds monose, and monose connects with lignin
The weight ratio of branch copolymerization formation lignin copolymer, filtrate and monose is 30：8, filter, contain hemicellulose, filter residue in filtrate
For lignin copolymer；
3), to step 2) ethanol is added in the filtrate that obtains, hemicellulose precipitation, filtering, filter residue is hemicellulose；
4), by step 2) obtain lignin copolymer, step 1) obtain cellulose, step 3) obtain hemicellulose
And starch carries out mixing and obtains dietary fiber, and pH is adjusted to 6.0 with sodium carbonate or sodium acid carbonate, wherein, lignin copolymer,
The mixed proportion of cellulose, hemicellulose and starch is 1:1.8:2.0:3.0.
Embodiment 3：
It is easy to the dietary fiber preparation technology of large-scale production, comprises the following steps：
1), stalk adds acetic acid boiling at 90 DEG C, filtering, and hemicellulose and lignin are contained in filtrate, and filter residue is fibre
Dimension element；
2), to step 1) in add acetic acid in the filtrate that obtains, it is 5.5 to maintain pH, adds monose, and monose connects with lignin
The weight ratio of branch copolymerization formation lignin copolymer, filtrate and monose is 25：6, filter, contain hemicellulose, filter residue in filtrate
For lignin copolymer；
3), to step 2) ethanol is added in the filtrate that obtains, hemicellulose precipitation, filtering, filter residue is hemicellulose；
4), by step 2) obtain lignin copolymer, step 1) obtain cellulose, step 3) obtain hemicellulose
And starch carries out mixing and obtains dietary fiber, and pH is adjusted to 5.0 with sodium carbonate or sodium acid carbonate, wherein, lignin copolymer,
The mixed proportion of cellulose, hemicellulose and starch is 1:1.5:1.8:2.8.
Embodiment 4：
It is easy to the dietary fiber preparation technology of large-scale production, comprises the following steps：
1), stalk adds acetic acid boiling at 90 DEG C, filtering, and hemicellulose and lignin are contained in filtrate, and filter residue is fibre
Cellulosic sections are prepared into modified cellulose by dimension element using prior art；
2), to step 1) in add acetic acid in the filtrate that obtains, it is 5.5 to maintain pH, adds monose, and monose connects with lignin
The weight ratio of branch copolymerization formation lignin copolymer, filtrate and monose is 25：5, filter, contain hemicellulose, filter residue in filtrate
For lignin copolymer；
3), to step 2) ethanol is added in the filtrate that obtains, hemicellulose precipitation, filtering, filter residue is hemicellulose；
4), by step 2) obtain lignin copolymer, step 1) obtain cellulose, modified cellulose, step 3) obtain
The hemicellulose and starch obtained carries out mixing and obtains dietary fiber, and pH is adjusted to 5.0 with sodium carbonate or sodium acid carbonate, wherein,
Lignin copolymer, cellulose, hemicellulose, the mixed proportion of modified cellulose and starch are 1:1.3:1.5:1.5：2.5.
Embodiment 5：
It is easy to the dietary fiber preparation technology of large-scale production, comprises the following steps：
1), stalk adds acetic acid boiling at 90 DEG C, filtering, and hemicellulose and lignin are contained in filtrate, and filter residue is fibre
Cellulosic sections are prepared into modified cellulose by dimension element using prior art；
2), to step 1) in add acetic acid in the filtrate that obtains, it is 5.5 to maintain pH, adds monose, and monose connects with lignin
The weight ratio of branch copolymerization formation lignin copolymer, filtrate and monose is 25：5, filter, contain hemicellulose, filter residue in filtrate
For lignin copolymer；
3), to step 2) ethanol is added in the filtrate that obtains, hemicellulose precipitation, filtering, filter residue is hemicellulose；
4), by step 2) obtain lignin copolymer, step 1) obtain cellulose, modified cellulose, step 3) obtain
The hemicellulose and starch obtained carries out mixing and obtains dietary fiber, and pH is adjusted to 5.0 with sodium carbonate or sodium acid carbonate, wherein,
Lignin copolymer, cellulose, hemicellulose, the mixed proportion of modified cellulose and starch are 1:1.3:1.5:1.8：2.5.
Above-described embodiment, has been carried out further to the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect
Describe in detail, should be understood that the embodiment that the foregoing is only the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention
Protection domain, within the spirit and principles of the invention, any modification, equivalent substitution and improvements done etc. all should be included
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. it is easy to the dietary fiber preparation technology of large-scale production, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1), stalk adds acetic acid boiling at 80-100 DEG C, filtering, and hemicellulose and lignin are contained in filtrate, and filter residue is fibre
Dimension element；
2), to step 1) in add acetic acid in the filtrate that obtains, maintenances pH is 5.0-6.0, and addition monose, monose connects with lignin
Branch copolymerization, which is formed, contains hemicellulose in lignin copolymer, filtering, filtrate, filter residue is lignin copolymer；
3), to step 2) ethanol is added in the filtrate that obtains, hemicellulose precipitation, filtering, filter residue is hemicellulose；
4), by step 2) obtain lignin copolymer, step 1) obtain cellulose, step 3) obtain hemicellulose and
Starch carries out mixing and obtains dietary fiber.
2. the dietary fiber preparation technology according to claim 1 for being easy to large-scale production, it is characterised in that step 2) in filter
The weight ratio of liquid and monose is 20-30：5-8.
3. the dietary fiber preparation technology according to claim 1 for being easy to large-scale production, it is characterised in that step 4) in use
Sodium carbonate or sodium acid carbonate regulation pH to 4.5-6.0.
4. the dietary fiber preparation technology according to claim 1 for being easy to large-scale production, it is characterised in that step 4) in wood
Quality copolymer, cellulose, the mixed proportion of hemicellulose and starch are 1:1.3-1.8:1.5-2.0:2.5-3.0.
5. the dietary fiber preparation technology according to claim 1 for being easy to large-scale production, it is characterised in that by step 1) obtain
Cellulose is prepared into modified cellulose, lignin copolymer, cellulose, hemicellulose, the mixing of modified cellulose and starch
Ratio is 1:1.3-1.8:1.5-2.0:1.5-1.8：2.5-3.0.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710040512.4A CN107041557A (en) | 2017-01-20 | 2017-01-20 | It is easy to the dietary fiber preparation technology of large-scale production |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710040512.4A CN107041557A (en) | 2017-01-20 | 2017-01-20 | It is easy to the dietary fiber preparation technology of large-scale production |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN107041557A true CN107041557A (en) | 2017-08-15 |
Family
ID=59543341
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710040512.4A Withdrawn CN107041557A (en) | 2017-01-20 | 2017-01-20 | It is easy to the dietary fiber preparation technology of large-scale production |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104404803A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2015-03-11 | 济南米铎碳新能源科技有限公司 | Straw component separation and straw component full utilization method |
| CN105431466A (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2016-03-23 | 植物材料工业公司 | Phenolic resin obtained by polycondensation of formaldehyde, phenol and lignin |
-
2017
- 2017-01-20 CN CN201710040512.4A patent/CN107041557A/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105431466A (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2016-03-23 | 植物材料工业公司 | Phenolic resin obtained by polycondensation of formaldehyde, phenol and lignin |
| CN104404803A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2015-03-11 | 济南米铎碳新能源科技有限公司 | Straw component separation and straw component full utilization method |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 刘一星: "《木材学》", 31 December 2012, 中国林业出版社 * |
| 杜彩云: "《有机化学》", 31 December 2015, 武汉大学出版社 * |
| 邵宽: "《纺织加工化学》", 30 April 1996, 中国纺织出版社 * |
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Application publication date: 20170815 |