CN107041380A - 一种植物制取环保杀虫剂的工艺 - Google Patents

一种植物制取环保杀虫剂的工艺 Download PDF

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CN107041380A
CN107041380A CN201710253983.3A CN201710253983A CN107041380A CN 107041380 A CN107041380 A CN 107041380A CN 201710253983 A CN201710253983 A CN 201710253983A CN 107041380 A CN107041380 A CN 107041380A
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尚新怀
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N61/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing substances of unknown or undetermined composition, e.g. substances characterised only by the mode of action
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N31/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
    • A01N31/02Acyclic compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N37/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
    • A01N37/18Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing the group —CO—N<, e.g. carboxylic acid amides or imides; Thio analogues thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N41/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom
    • A01N41/02Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a sulfur atom bound to a hetero atom containing a sulfur-to-oxygen double bond
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/90Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种植物制取环保杀虫剂的工艺,属于化工工艺技术领域。本发明的技术方案是:一种植物制取环保杀虫剂的工艺,包括:原料处理、蒸馏收集、烟气收集、混合静置分层、精制提取、原料配比、乳化固性对。通过以上步骤对环保杀虫剂进行制取,本发明采用我国常见的植物茎秆作为原料,对杀虫剂的工艺和配比进行调整优化,具有降低生物原材料的成本,提高经济效益的优点。

Description

一种植物制取环保杀虫剂的工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制取杀虫剂的工艺,特别是一种植物制取环保杀虫剂的工艺,属于化工工艺技术领域。
背景技术
杀虫剂(英文: Pesticide. Insecticide ),主要用于防治农业害虫和城市卫生害虫的药品。使用历史长远、用量大、品种多。在二十世纪,农业的迅速发展,杀虫剂令农业产量大升。但是,几乎所有杀虫剂都会严重地改变生态系统,大部分对人体有害,会被集中在食物链中。杀虫剂按原料制取来源可分为:无机和矿物杀虫剂;植物性杀虫剂;有机合成杀虫剂;昆虫激素类杀虫剂。
植物性杀虫剂主要是指以植物、动物、微生物等产生的具有农用生物活性的次生代谢产物开发的农药。和传统的化学合成农药相比,生物源天然产物农药具有下述特点:1、大多数生物源天然产物农药对哺乳动物毒性较低,使用中对人畜比较安全。2、防治谱较窄,甚至有明显的选择性。3、对环境的压力较小,对非靶标生物比较安全。而植物性杀虫剂,就是生物源天然产物农药中利用植物次生代谢产物制成的防治作物虫害的制剂。
我国是一个农业大国,植物秸秆资源非常充足,但利用率低下,有必要对其进行有效利用,现有的植物杀虫剂多以国外常见植物的生物碱、肌肉神经毒素等浓缩制取,可降解,但未降解部分对人体也有一定的影响,长期使用含生物毒素的食品也存在着一定风险,因此,有必要因地制宜地对现有的植物性杀虫剂配方及其生产工艺进行改良。
发明内容
为了克服上述问题,本发明提供了一种植物制取环保杀虫剂的工艺。
本发明的技术方案是:一种植物制取环保杀虫剂的工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)原料处理:将辣椒茎秆或大蒜茎秆进行收集,采用喷淋清洗,每吨原料的喷淋用水量为0.10—0.15m³/吨,自然风干24小时;
(2)蒸馏收集:将风干后的原料进行破碎处理,加入水进行浸泡,原料与水的比重为1:1.2,浸泡30分钟,放入蒸馏釜中进行蒸馏,不加高压,蒸馏40分钟,将不同种类的植物蒸馏液分类存放,并将植物茎秆渣捞出,在日光下自然风干后备用;
(3)烟气收集:待植物茎秆风干后,含水率在12%以下时,即可采用固化成型机进行处理,将其制成生物质棒,放入450—800℃的碳化炉中煅烧,利用烟气回收净化装置将炭化烟气回收,并收集副产物木醋酸液;
(4)混合静置分层:将蒸馏液与炭化回收的木醋酸液混合,静置6—8个月,液体分层,从上至下依次分为三层:清脂油、木醋酸液、木胶油;
(5)精制提取:通过蒸馏,将含有辣椒素或大蒜素的木醋酸液从混合液中提取出来;
(6)原料配比:环保杀虫剂的配比为:5份含有辣椒素的木醋酸液、8份含有大蒜素的木醋酸液、0.001份喜树碱、0.0002份印楝素、10份工业酒精,并均匀混合;
(7)乳化固性:为了防止环保杀虫剂重新分层,将烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚与上述混合液混合,烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚的投加量为0.13—0.15%,制成本品。
(8)检测出厂:放置15天以上,对本品进行出厂检验,合格后出厂。
本发明的积极效果是:
1、本发明通过采用辣椒素和大蒜素减少现有神经毒素和生物碱的用量,并对其进行合理配比和乳化固性,对环境的影响更小,同时,辣椒素和大蒜素易于降解,并对人体无害。
2、本发明因地制宜,采用我国常见的植物根茎,经济成本低,具有变废为宝,提高环境友好性,降低原料的生产成本的优点。
附图说明
图1是一种植物制取环保杀虫剂的工艺的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明进一步说明。
实施例一、
一种植物制取环保杀虫剂的工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)原料处理:将辣椒茎秆或大蒜茎秆进行收集,采用喷淋清洗,每吨原料的喷淋用水量为0.10m³/吨,自然风干24小时;
(2)蒸馏收集:将风干后的原料进行破碎处理,加入水进行浸泡,原料与水的比重为1:1.2,浸泡30分钟,放入蒸馏釜中进行蒸馏,不加高压,蒸馏40分钟,将不同种类的植物蒸馏液分类存放,并将植物茎秆渣捞出,在日光下自然风干后备用;
(3)烟气收集:待植物茎秆风干后,含水率在12%以下时,即可采用固化成型机进行处理,将其制成生物质棒,放入450℃的碳化炉中煅烧,利用烟气回收净化装置将炭化烟气回收,并收集副产物木醋酸液;
(4)混合静置分层:将蒸馏液与炭化回收的木醋酸液混合,静置6个月,液体分层,从上至下依次分为三层:清脂油、木醋酸液、木胶油;
(5)精制提取:通过蒸馏,将含有辣椒素或大蒜素的木醋酸液从混合液中提取出来;
(6)原料配比:环保杀虫剂的配比为:5份含有辣椒素的木醋酸液、8份含有大蒜素的木醋酸液、0.01份喜树碱、0.0002份印楝素、10份工业酒精,并均匀混合;
(7)乳化固性:为了防止环保杀虫剂重新分层,将烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚与上述混合液混合,烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚的投加量为0.13%,制成本品。
(8)检测出厂:放置20天,对本品进行出厂检验,合格出厂。
实施例二、
一种植物制取环保杀虫剂的工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)原料处理:将辣椒茎秆或大蒜茎秆进行收集,采用喷淋清洗,每吨原料的喷淋用水量为0.15m³/吨,自然风干24小时;
(2)蒸馏收集:将风干后的原料进行破碎处理,加入水进行浸泡,原料与水的比重为1:1.2,浸泡30分钟,放入蒸馏釜中进行蒸馏,不加高压,蒸馏40分钟,将不同种类的植物蒸馏液分类存放,并将植物茎秆渣捞出,在日光下自然风干后备用;
(3)烟气收集:待植物茎秆风干后,含水率在12%以下时,即可采用固化成型机进行处理,将其制成生物质棒,放入500℃的碳化炉中煅烧,利用烟气回收净化装置将炭化烟气回收,并收集副产物木醋酸液;
(4)混合静置分层:将蒸馏液与炭化回收的木醋酸液混合,静置8个月,液体分层,从上至下依次分为三层:清脂油、木醋酸液、木胶油;
(5)精制提取:通过蒸馏,将含有辣椒素或大蒜素的木醋酸液从混合液中提取出来;
(6)原料配比:环保杀虫剂的配比为:5份含有辣椒素的木醋酸液、8份含有大蒜素的木醋酸液、0.01份喜树碱、0.0002份印楝素、10份工业酒精,并均匀混合;
(7)乳化固性:为了防止环保杀虫剂重新分层,将烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚与上述混合液混合,烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚的投加量为0.15%,制成本品。
(8)检测出厂:放置15天,对本品进行出厂检验,合格出厂。
实施例三、
一种植物制取环保杀虫剂的工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)原料处理:将辣椒茎秆或大蒜茎秆进行收集,采用喷淋清洗,每吨原料的喷淋用水量为0.10m³/吨,自然风干24小时;
(2)蒸馏收集:将风干后的原料进行破碎处理,加入水进行浸泡,原料与水的比重为1:1.2,浸泡30分钟,放入蒸馏釜中进行蒸馏,不加高压,蒸馏40分钟,将不同种类的植物蒸馏液分类存放,并将植物茎秆渣捞出,在日光下自然风干后备用;
(3)烟气收集:待植物茎秆风干后,含水率在12%以下时,即可采用固化成型机进行处理,将其制成生物质棒,放入800℃的碳化炉中煅烧,利用烟气回收净化装置将炭化烟气回收,并收集副产物木醋酸液;
(4)混合静置分层:将蒸馏液与炭化回收的木醋酸液混合,静置6个月,液体分层,从上至下依次分为三层:清脂油、木醋酸液、木胶油;
(5)精制提取:通过蒸馏,将含有辣椒素或大蒜素的木醋酸液从混合液中提取出来;
(6)原料配比:环保杀虫剂的配比为:5份含有辣椒素的木醋酸液、8份含有大蒜素的木醋酸液、0.01份喜树碱、0.0002份印楝素、10份工业酒精,并均匀混合;
(7)乳化固性:为了防止环保杀虫剂重新分层,将烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚与上述混合液混合,烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚的投加量为0.15%,制成本品。
(8)检测出厂:放置30天,对本品进行出厂检验,合格出厂。。
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理和主要特征及本发明的优点。本行业的技术人员应该了解,本发明不受上述实施例的限制,上述实施例和说明书中描述的只是说明本发明的原理,在不脱离本发明精神和范围的前提下,本发明还会有各种变化和改进,这些变化和改进都落入要求保护的本发明范围内。本发明要求保护范围由所附的权利要求书及其等效物界定。

Claims (2)

1.一种植物制取环保杀虫剂的工艺,包括以下步骤:
(1)原料处理:将辣椒茎秆或大蒜茎秆进行收集,采用喷淋清洗,每吨原料的喷淋用水量为0.10—0.15m³/吨,自然风干24小时;
(2)蒸馏收集:将风干后的原料进行破碎处理,加入水进行浸泡,原料与水的比重为1:1.2,浸泡30分钟,放入蒸馏釜中进行蒸馏,不加高压,蒸馏40分钟,将不同种类的植物蒸馏液分类存放,并将植物茎秆渣捞出,在日光下自然风干后备用;
(3)烟气收集:待植物茎秆风干后,含水率在12%以下时,即可采用固化成型机进行处理,将其制成生物质棒,放入450—800℃的碳化炉中煅烧,利用烟气回收净化装置将炭化烟气回收,并收集副产物木醋酸液;
(4)混合静置分层:将蒸馏液与炭化回收的木醋酸液混合,静置6—8个月,液体分层,从上至下依次分为三层:清脂油、木醋酸液、木胶油;
(5)精制提取:通过蒸馏,将含有辣椒素或大蒜素的木醋酸液从混合液中提取出来;
(6)原料配比:环保杀虫剂的配比为:5份含有辣椒素的木醋酸液、8份含有大蒜素的木醋酸液、0.01份喜树碱、0.0002份印楝素、10份工业酒精,并均匀混合;
(7)乳化固性:为了防止环保杀虫剂重新分层,将烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚与上述混合液混合,烷基苯酚聚氧乙烯醚的投加量为0.13—0.15%,制成本品。
2.检测出厂:放置15天以上,对本品进行出厂检验,合格后出厂。
CN201710253983.3A 2017-04-18 2017-04-18 一种植物制取环保杀虫剂的工艺 Pending CN107041380A (zh)

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孙剑华,沈晓昆,陈永宁: "《竹(木)醋液与不同农药混配在蔬菜病虫害防治中的应用》", 《长江蔬菜》 *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111295967A (zh) * 2020-04-01 2020-06-19 淮安市农业技术推广中心 一种无公害蔬菜的栽培方法

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