CN107041199B

CN107041199B - Root tuber harvester

Info

Publication number: CN107041199B
Application number: CN201710204020.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王方艳
Original assignee: Qingdao Agricultural University
Current assignee: Qingdao Agricultural University
Priority date: 2017-03-30
Filing date: 2017-03-30
Publication date: 2022-07-19
Anticipated expiration: 2037-03-30
Also published as: CN107041199A

Abstract

The invention relates to crop harvesting equipment, in particular to a root tuber harvester. The device comprises a rack, an excavating device, a conveying device and a stacking device, wherein the excavating device, the conveying device and the stacking device are all arranged on the rack, and the conveying device is positioned between the excavating device and the stacking device; the resistance of the harvester to soil is small, the collecting box can be automatically replaced without stopping after being filled with the collecting box, and the harvesting efficiency of the harvester is greatly improved.

Description

Root tuber harvester

Technical Field

The invention relates to crop harvesting equipment, in particular to a root tuber harvester.

Background

With the development of agricultural mechanization process, research and application of massive rhizome harvesting machinery in China are continuously increased. The planting area distribution of the massive rhizome crops in China is wide, the geographical environment is complex, and although large-scale planting is performed in a plurality of places, the vast rural areas still mainly adopt a dispersed small-piece production mode; the planting mode is complex, the ridge planting and the parallel planting are realized, the variety of the cultivated species is various, the row and the plant spacing are not uniform, and the development of the massive rhizome harvesting machine is greatly restricted.

The existing blocky crop harvester has the following problems: (1) the digging shovel of the existing harvester has large working resistance, is easy to jam and collapse, and cannot adapt to the harvesting of root tubers with different sizes; (2) after the blocky crops are transported into the collecting boxes, the collecting boxes are fully filled with the blocky crops and then are stopped, the full collecting boxes are manually taken down and replaced by the empty collecting boxes, the harvesting work can be continued, the machine is continuously stopped and restarted, and the harvesting efficiency of the harvester is greatly reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a root tuber harvester which has small resistance to soil penetration, can automatically replace a collecting box without stopping after the collecting box is filled, and greatly improves the harvesting efficiency of the harvester.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a root harvester comprises a frame, an excavating device, a conveying device and a stacking device, wherein the excavating device, the conveying device and the stacking device are all arranged on the frame, the conveying device is arranged between the excavating device and the stacking device, wherein,

the excavating device comprises two sharp shovels and a sharp shovel spacing adjusting device, the sharp shovels are connected with the sharp shovel spacing adjusting device, the sharp shovel spacing adjusting device comprises a sliding sleeve, a fixed support, an L-shaped connecting rod, a connecting rod and a rotary disc II, the sharp shovels are respectively fixed on the sliding sleeve, two ends of the fixed support are fixedly connected with the rack, one end of the sliding sleeve is slidably connected with the fixed support, the other end of the sliding sleeve is fixedly provided with the sharp shovels, the sliding sleeve faces the outer side of the rack and is connected with the connecting rod through the L-shaped connecting rod, the other end of the connecting rod is eccentrically connected with the rotary disc II, a right-angle corner of the L-shaped connecting rod is hinged to the rack, the rotary disc II is fixed on a rotary shaft I, and the rotary shaft I is arranged on the rack;

the stacking device comprises a double-S-shaped collecting box and a collecting box rotating mechanism, the double-S-shaped collecting box comprises four semi-cylindrical collecting boxes, the four semi-cylindrical collecting boxes are arranged in a 90-degree mode and are axially connected with each other, a collecting box rotating shaft is arranged at the joint of the four semi-cylindrical collecting boxes, and the collecting box rotating mechanism is arranged at the position of the collecting box rotating shaft;

The collecting box rotating mechanism comprises a driving turntable I and a grooved pulley, a rotating shaft is eccentrically fixed on the driving turntable I, the grooved pulley is fixed at one end of the collecting box rotating shaft, a plurality of grooves corresponding to the rotating shaft are formed in the grooved pulley, and the rotating shaft rotates into the grooves of the grooved pulley.

The stacking device further comprises a collecting box auxiliary rotating mechanism, the collecting box auxiliary rotating mechanism comprises a fixing plate, a spring, an elastic supporting plate and a pressing plate, the fixing plate is fixed on one side, close to the collecting box, of the rack, the spring is arranged on the fixing plate, the upper end of the spring is fixedly connected with the fixing plate, the elastic supporting plate is connected to the bottom end of the spring, the pressing plate is fixed on the two half cylindrical collecting boxes corresponding to the fixing plate, and the pressing plate is located above the elastic supporting plate.

The excavating device further comprises two soil shifting wheels with opposite movement directions, the soil shifting wheels are arranged at the front end of the rack, the sharp shovel and the sharp shovel distance adjusting device are located behind the soil shifting wheels, and each soil shifting wheel comprises a soil shifting wheel shaft and a plurality of soil shifting plates arranged at intervals in the circumferential direction of the soil shifting wheel shaft.

The conveying device comprises a shifting wheel and a conveying belt, the shifting wheel is located above the sharp shovel and the sharp shovel interval adjusting device, the conveying belt is located behind the sharp shovel and the sharp shovel interval adjusting device, and the shifting wheel comprises a shifting wheel shaft and shifting wheel blades arranged on the shifting wheel shaft at intervals. The poking wheel is used for removing the vegetable leaves and the soil above the pointed shovel.

The top of the input end of conveyer belt is equipped with the buffering curtain, and the buffering curtain is fixed in the frame. The buffering curtain is made by the rubber, and it plays the cushioning effect to cubic crops on the conveyer belt, and the soil that reducible thumb wheel was stirred, the indiscriminate of root tuber fly, can play the effect of preliminary clearance root tuber impurity again.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) through the arrangement of the sharp shovel and the sharp shovel spacing adjusting device, the sharp shovel can move relatively or reversely on the spacing adjusting device, so that the earth penetration resistance of the sharp shovel and the resistance of the sharp shovel advancing in soil are reduced;

(2) through setting up the heap device, after filling up cubic crops in one of them collecting box, need not to shut down, but through the autogiration of collecting box, make the empty collecting box of second continue to participate in the heap work, the cubic crops of heap are collected by automatic, have guaranteed the continuous operation of harvester, have improved the work efficiency of harvester.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a first perspective view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a bottom view of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a second perspective view of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of the thumb wheel;

FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a blade spacing adjustment mechanism;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a collecting box rotating mechanism;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the auxiliary rotating mechanism of the collecting box;

fig. 8 is a schematic view of the structure of the double S-shaped collection box.

In the figure: 1, a frame; 2, a power output shaft; 3, a buffer curtain; 4, a conveying device; 5, a collection box auxiliary rotating mechanism; 501 fixing a plate; a spring 502; 503 an elastic support plate; 504 a platen; 6, collecting box rotating shaft; 7 double S-shaped collecting boxes; 701, a semi-cylindrical collecting box I; 702 a semi-cylindrical collecting box II; 703 semi-cylindrical collecting box III; 704 semi-cylindrical collecting box IV; 8, a collection box rotating mechanism; 801 driving turntable I; 802 a rotating shaft; 803 grooved wheels; 804 grooves; 9, a rotating shaft of the conveying device; 10, a thumb wheel; 1001 a pulling wheel shaft; 1002 poking wheel sheet; 11 a sharp shovel spacing adjusting device; 1101 a sliding sleeve; 1102 fixing a bracket; 1103L-shaped link; 1104 connecting rod; 1105 a turntable II; 1106 connecting a fulcrum; 12 soil shifting wheel; 13, a rotating shaft I; 14, a pointed shovel; 15 assist in digging the pole.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the figures and examples.

As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the root harvester of the present invention includes a frame 1, an excavating device, a conveying device and a stacking device, wherein the excavating device, the conveying device and the stacking device are all arranged on the frame 1, the excavating device is arranged at the front part of the frame 1, the conveying device is arranged at the middle part of the frame 1, and the stacking device is arranged at the tail part of the frame 1.

The excavating device comprises two pointed shovels 14, a pointed shovel spacing adjusting device 11 and a soil shifting wheel 12, wherein the soil shifting wheel 12 is arranged at the front end of the rack 1, the pointed shovels 14 are connected with the pointed shovel spacing adjusting device 11, and the pointed shovels 14 and the pointed shovel spacing adjusting device 11 are located behind the soil shifting wheel 12. Including two soil shifting wheels 12 that motion direction is opposite in this embodiment, soil shifting wheel 12 includes soil shifting wheel axle and a plurality of soil shifting plates that set up along soil shifting wheel axle circumferencial direction interval, and soil shifting plate is made by the rubber, and mainly used pulls out vegetable leaf, soil. The power output shaft 2 drives one of the soil shifting wheel shafts to rotate through a bevel gear and a chain, and the soil shifting wheel shaft transmits power to the soil shifting wheel shaft of the second soil shifting wheel through chain transmission, so that the two soil shifting wheels rotate relatively. Through the relative rotation of two soil shifting wheels, play the effect of preliminary clearance soil top layer vegetable leaf and weeds, throw impurity to both sides.

As shown in fig. 5, the sharp blade spacing adjusting device 11 includes a sliding sleeve 1101, a fixing bracket 1102, an L-shaped link 1103, a link 1104 and a turntable ii 1105, wherein the sharp blades 14 are respectively fixed on the sliding sleeve 1101, the sharp blades are used for excavating massive crops in the soil, and in order to increase the contact area between the sharp blades 14 and the soil, each sharp blade 14 is provided with a plurality of auxiliary excavating rods 15, in this embodiment, three auxiliary excavating rods 15 are provided. The auxiliary digging rod 15 is obliquely arranged, and the bottom end of the auxiliary digging rod is connected with the pointed shovel 14. Two ends of the fixed support 1102 are fixedly connected with the frame 1, one end of the sliding sleeve 1101 is slidably connected with the fixed support 1102, and the other end is fixed with the pointed shovel 14. The sliding sleeve 1101 is connected to the L-shaped link 1103 towards the outside of the housing. One end of the L-shaped connecting rod 1103 is hinged with the sliding sleeve 1101, the other end of the L-shaped connecting rod is hinged with the connecting rod 1104, and the other end of the connecting rod 1104 is eccentrically connected with the rotary table II 1105. The right angle corner of L type connecting rod 1102 is articulated with frame 1, and carousel II 1105 is fixed on pivot I13, and pivot I13 sets up in frame 1. The rotating I13 rotates and simultaneously drives the rotating disc II 1105 to rotate, the rotation of the rotating disc II 1105 is converted into linear motive power through the connecting rod 1104 and the L-shaped connecting rod 1103, and the sliding sleeve 1101 is driven to move back and forth along the fixed support, so that the sliding sleeve 1101 simultaneously slides inwards or outwards, and the distance between the two pointed shovels 14 is changed. The pointed shovels can move relatively or oppositely on the distance adjusting device, so that the distance between the two pointed shovels is changed, and the soil entering resistance of the pointed shovels and the advancing resistance of the pointed shovels in the soil can be reduced. The characteristics of small soil-entering resistance and easy soil-entering of the pointed shovel structure are utilized, and the reciprocating motion in opposite directions or back directions is adopted, so that the soil loosening effect is improved, the excavation damage caused by different root tuber sizes is avoided, and the excavation adaptability is improved. Meanwhile, if the excavation alignment is not accurate, the excavation range can be improved by utilizing the reciprocating opposite or deviating movement.

The conveying device comprises a shifting wheel 10 and a conveying belt, the shifting wheel 10 is located above the pointed shovel 14 and the pointed shovel spacing adjusting device, and the conveying belt is located behind the pointed shovel and the pointed shovel spacing adjusting device. The massive crops dug by the sharp shovel are directly conveyed to a conveyor belt. As shown in fig. 4, the thumb wheel 10 includes a thumb wheel shaft 1001 and thumb wheel blades 1002 spaced along the thumb wheel shaft, the thumb wheel blades 1002 are made of rubber, and the thumb wheel shaft 1001 rotates and drives the thumb wheel blades 1002 to rotate, so as to remove the vegetable leaves and soil above the pointed shovel. Meanwhile, a buffer curtain 3 is arranged above the input end of the conveying belt, the buffer curtain 3 is fixed on the rack 1, and the buffer curtain 3 is made of rubber and plays a role in buffering massive crops on the conveying belt to reduce the speed of the massive crops.

The lumpy crop transported by the conveyor belt is transported to a stacking device. The stacking device comprises a double S-shaped collecting box 7 and a collecting box rotating mechanism 8, as shown in FIG. 7, the double S-shaped collecting box 7 comprises four semi-cylindrical collecting boxes which are a semi-cylindrical collecting box I701, a semi-cylindrical collecting box II 702, a semi-cylindrical collecting box III 703 and a semi-cylindrical collecting box IV 704 respectively, the four semi-cylindrical collecting boxes are arranged in 90 degrees and are axially connected, and a collecting box rotating shaft 6 is arranged at the joint of the semi-cylindrical collecting box I701, the semi-cylindrical collecting box II 702, the semi-cylindrical collecting box III 703 and the semi-cylindrical collecting box IV 704. The collecting box rotating mechanism 8 is arranged at the position of the collecting box rotating shaft 6, and the collecting box rotating mechanism 8 drives the collecting box rotating shaft 6 to rotate, so that the collecting box is turned over.

As shown in FIG. 6, the collecting box rotating mechanism 8 comprises a driving turntable I801 and a grooved pulley 803, the driving turntable I801 is in transmission connection with the power output shaft 2 through a chain or a belt, and a rotating shaft 802 is eccentrically fixed on the driving turntable I801. The grooved pulley 803 is fixed at one end of the collecting box rotating shaft 6, a plurality of grooves corresponding to the rotating shaft 802 are arranged on the grooved pulley 803, and the rotating shaft 802 can rotate into the grooves of the grooved pulley 803. The power output shaft 2 drives the driving turntable I801 to rotate through chain transmission or belt transmission, the rotating shaft 802 on the driving turntable I801 rotates, when the rotating shaft 802 rotates into the groove 804 of the grooved pulley 803, the driving turntable I801 drives the grooved pulley 803 and the collecting box rotating shaft 6 fixedly connected with the grooved pulley 803 to rotate, and the rotating shaft 802 rotates 90 degrees to drive the collecting box rotating shaft to rotate 90 degrees. Blocky crops conveyed by the conveying belt directly enter the semi-cylindrical collecting box I701, when the number of blocky crops in the collecting box is large, the collecting box is rotated by 90 degrees through the collecting box rotating mechanism 8, at the moment, the semi-cylindrical collecting box II 702 is rotated to the rear of the conveying belt, the blocky crops are continuously conveyed into the semi-cylindrical collecting box II 702, and the blocky crops contained in the semi-cylindrical collecting box I701 are directly poured into the field in the rotating process. Through setting up collecting box rotary mechanism, realized the automatic continuous operation of collecting box, improved the results efficiency of harvester.

In this embodiment, the stacking device further includes a collecting box auxiliary rotating mechanism 5, the collecting box auxiliary rotating mechanism 5 includes a fixing plate 501, a spring 502, an elastic support plate 503 and a pressing plate 504, the fixing plate 501 is fixed on one side of the frame 1 close to the collecting box, the spring 502 is arranged on the fixing plate 501, the upper end of the spring 502 is fixedly connected with the fixing plate 501, the elastic support plate 503 is connected to the bottom end of the spring 502, the pressing plates 504 are fixed on the semi-cylindrical collecting box i 701 and the semi-cylindrical collecting box ii 702 corresponding to the fixing plate 501, and when the pressing plate 504 is located above the elastic support plate 503, the collecting box is in a stable working state. When the massive crops contained in the semi-cylindrical collecting box I701 or the semi-cylindrical collecting box II 702 reach a certain amount, the elastic supporting plate 503 cannot support the weight of the collecting box, the pressing plate 504 presses down the elastic supporting plate 503, and the collecting box rotates 180 degrees. When the collecting box rotating mechanism 8 fails and cannot be used, the collecting box auxiliary rotating mechanism 5 can be used for realizing the rotation of the collecting box.

The working process of the invention is as follows: when the harvester works, the pointed shovel 14 is inserted into soil to dig out blocky crops in the soil, and the soil shifting wheel 12 and the soil shifting wheel 10 clear away vegetable leaves and soil above the pointed shovel 14. The blocky crops dug by the sharp shovel are conveyed into the double S-shaped collecting boxes 7 by the conveying device, in order to realize continuous work of the stacking device, when the blocky crops contained in the semi-cylindrical collecting box I701 reach a certain amount, the collecting box is rotated by the collecting box rotating mechanism, the blocky crops in the semi-cylindrical collecting box I701 are conveyed out, the empty semi-cylindrical collecting box II 702 continues to perform stacking work, the whole stacking work is continuous, the harvester does not need to be stopped, and the harvesting efficiency of the harvester is greatly improved.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a root tuber harvester, includes frame (1), excavating gear, conveyor and heap device, and excavating gear, conveyor and heap device all set up in frame (1), and conveyor is located between excavating gear and the heap device, its characterized in that:

the digging device comprises two sharp shovels (14) and a sharp shovel spacing adjusting device (11), the sharp shovels (14) are connected with the sharp shovel spacing adjusting device (11), the sharp shovel spacing adjusting device (11) comprises a sliding sleeve (1101), a fixed support (1102), an L-shaped connecting rod (1103), a connecting rod (1104) and a rotary table II (1105), the sharp shovels (14) are respectively fixed on the sliding sleeve (1101), two ends of the fixed support (1102) are fixedly connected with the frame (1), one end of the sliding sleeve (1101) is slidably connected with the fixed support (1102), the other end of the sliding sleeve (1101) is fixed with the sharp shovels (14), the sliding sleeve (1101) faces the outer side of the frame and is connected with the connecting rod (1104) through the L-shaped connecting rod (1103), the other end of the connecting rod (1104) is eccentrically connected with the rotary table II (1105), the right-angle corner of the L-shaped connecting rod (1103) is hinged with the frame (1), the rotary table II (1105) is fixed on the rotary shaft I (13), the rotating shaft I (13) is arranged on the rack (1);

the stacking device comprises a double-S-shaped collecting box (7) and a collecting box rotating mechanism (8), the double-S-shaped collecting box (7) comprises four semi-cylindrical collecting boxes, the four semi-cylindrical collecting boxes are arranged at 90 degrees, a collecting box rotating shaft (6) is arranged at the joint of the four semi-cylindrical collecting boxes, and the collecting box rotating mechanism (8) is arranged at the position of the collecting box rotating shaft (6);

The collecting box rotating mechanism (8) comprises a driving turntable I (801) and a grooved pulley (803), a rotating shaft (802) is eccentrically fixed on the driving turntable I (801), the grooved pulley (803) is fixed at one end of a collecting box rotating shaft (6), a plurality of grooves corresponding to the rotating shaft (802) are formed in the grooved pulley (803), and the rotating shaft (802) rotates into the grooves of the grooved pulley (803).

2. The root harvester of claim 1, wherein: the stacking device further comprises a collecting box auxiliary rotating mechanism (5), the collecting box auxiliary rotating mechanism (5) comprises a fixing plate (501), a spring (502), an elastic supporting plate (503) and a pressing plate (504), the fixing plate (501) is fixed on one side, close to the collecting box, of the rack (1), the spring (502) is arranged on the fixing plate (501), the upper end of the spring (502) is fixedly connected with the fixing plate (501), the elastic supporting plate (503) is connected to the bottom end of the spring (502), the pressing plate (504) is fixed on the two semi-cylindrical collecting boxes corresponding to the positions of the fixing plate (501), and the pressing plate (504) is located above the elastic supporting plate (503).

3. The root harvester of claim 1, wherein: the excavating device further comprises two soil shifting wheels (12) with opposite movement directions, the soil shifting wheels (12) are arranged at the front end of the rack (1), the pointed shovel (14) and the pointed shovel spacing adjusting device (11) are located behind the soil shifting wheels (12), and the soil shifting wheels (12) comprise soil shifting wheel shafts and a plurality of soil shifting plates arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the soil shifting wheel shafts.

4. The root harvester of claim 1, wherein: the conveying device comprises a shifting wheel (10) and a conveying belt, the shifting wheel (10) is located above the sharp shovel (14) and the sharp shovel spacing adjusting device, the conveying belt is located behind the sharp shovel and the sharp shovel spacing adjusting device, and the shifting wheel (10) comprises a shifting wheel shaft (1001) and shifting wheel blades (1002) arranged on the shifting wheel shaft at intervals.

5. The root harvester of claim 4, wherein: the upper portion of the input end of the conveying belt is provided with a buffer curtain (3), and the buffer curtain (3) is fixed on the rack (1).