CN107037040A - 一种测定水质总有机碳的快速检测剂的制备与使用方法 - Google Patents

一种测定水质总有机碳的快速检测剂的制备与使用方法 Download PDF

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CN107037040A
CN107037040A CN201710411455.6A CN201710411455A CN107037040A CN 107037040 A CN107037040 A CN 107037040A CN 201710411455 A CN201710411455 A CN 201710411455A CN 107037040 A CN107037040 A CN 107037040A
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郜洪文
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种测定水质总有机碳的快速检测剂的制备与使用方法,属于环境监测技术领域。按质量比称取氢氧化钙:氢氧化钠:过硫酸盐=3~10:10~40:50~100,混合均匀,研磨成粉,得总有机碳检测剂。使用时,只需将检测粉剂溶解在水样中,加热沸腾5~10分钟,借助比色计或分光光度计测量即可。该检测剂制备工艺简单,质量稳定,运输、携带方便,操作简单、快速,方法检出限为1mg/L TOC,无机碳不干扰检测,适合于地表水、污水中TOC的野外或现场快速检测。

Description

一种测定水质总有机碳的快速检测剂的制备与使用方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种测定水质总有机碳的快速检测剂的制备与测定使用方法,具体是一种现场快速检测水体中总有机碳的方法,属于环境监测技术领域。
背景技术
总有机碳(TOC)是水中有机物所含碳的总量,它比化学需氧量(COD)和生物需氧量(BOD)更能确切表示水中有机污染物的综合指标。目前,TOC检测主要包括差减法和直接法。差减法是首先测定水样的无机碳,再测定总碳,两者差值得水样的TOC,但该法精密度低,操作复杂,测量周期较长,误差大。直接法是先前处理吹出酸化水样中的无机碳,再消解测定TOC。TOC样品前处理方式主要是湿式氧化法和燃烧氧化法,湿式氧化法主要包括加热氧化、紫外‐过硫酸盐氧化和羟基自由基氧化,产生的二氧化碳大都通过非分散红外仪器实现检测。燃烧—非分散红外法对有机物的氧化比较完全,但其灵敏度较低、仪器昂贵,水样前处理装置比较复杂,且自动清洗困难,给日常维护和管理带来许多不便。Fujishima等发现光催化剂在光照下产生表面羟基或水吸附后形成表面活性中心具有强氧化性的特点(Fujishima A,Honda K,Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductorelectrode,Nature,1972,238:37‐38),使有机物被氢氧自由基氧化成二氧化碳,对腐植酸等难氧化物质也能够完全氧化,通过非分散红外法检测,具有较高的回收率。臭氧氧化法是利用臭氧具有强氧化能力,具有反应速度快、无二次污染优点,缺点是臭氧利用率较低,氧化能力不足。Prengle等开展了对臭氧氧化效率提高的研究(Prengle HW,Mark CE,Newtechnology:Ozone/UV chemical oxidation wastewater process for metalcomplexes,organic species and disinfection,AIChE Symposium Series,1978,74:178‐228),引进UV催化技术和加入双氧水的方法。荷兰生产的BioTector970率先采用了羟基自由基氧化废水中的有机物,可在线检测生物反应器中TOC变化,数据不受盐类的影响(杨丹,潘建明,总有机碳分析技术的研究现状及进展,浙江师范大学学报(自然科学版),2008,(4):441‐444)。叶大林等开发了一种总有机碳测试的自动进样装置(叶大林,夏信群,一种总有机碳测试的自动进样装置,浙江:CN205027772U,2016),以驱动注射器代替人工操作,取样、进样自动化高,避免人为操作的误差,但装置系统复杂。齐文启等建立了UV/过硫酸盐氧化法检测TOC的方法(齐文启,孙宗光,陈伟军等,总有机碳及其自动在线监测仪的研制,现代科学仪器,2005,(6):27‐36),使定量水样自动进入二氧化碳发生器中,加入磷酸除去水样中的无机碳,再将去除无机碳后的水样和过硫酸钾混合并注入到螺旋反应管,在UV和加热作用下将水样中的有机物消解处理,将其混合液放入二氧化碳发生器中,再导入红外检测器,测定二氧化碳生成量,TOC检出限为0.5mg/L,使用和维护方便,可实现数据共享及远程控制,但该仪器组成结构复杂,需要多个控制系统配合,成本昂贵。德国ELEMENTAR公司生产的LiquiTOC能保证一次进样测量而避免两次进样分析的误差累加,操作程序多,检测成本高。Diflandre等建立了紫外光谱技术对纳升级样品的TOC检测技术(Deflandre B,GagnéJP,Estimation of dissolved organic carbon concentrations in nanolitersamples using UV spectroscopy,Water Research,2001,35:3057‐3062),通过测量纳升级水样在254nm波长下吸光度,计算水样中TOC含量。该技术简单、快捷、价格低,但悬浮物、胶态物质、pH等对测定有较大影响,此法仅仅对成分单一或组分简单的水体适用。对于复杂水体如废水样,往往需要进行必要的预处理。
上述检测方法都需要复杂、昂贵的检测仪器测量二氧化碳,操作繁琐,只能在实验室内进行,而且对操作人员的专业技能有较高要求。截止到目前为止,尚未发现有关比色法或分光光度法检测TOC的文献报道。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一套供野外或实验现场使用的地表水、生活污水、工业废水等样品中总有机碳(TOC)的快速检测剂和检测方法。
为了达到上述目的,本发明发现在碱性溶液中,有机物与过硫酸盐反应生成二氧化碳,继而与氢氧化钙反应生成光学性质稳定的碳酸钙悬浊液,由此反应原理制备总有机碳检测粉剂,并建立检测分析方法,具体制备方法如下:
按质量比称取氢氧化钙:氢氧化钠:过硫酸盐=3~10:10~40:50~100,混合均匀,研磨成粉,得总有机碳检测剂。
上述过硫酸盐指过硫酸铵,或过硫酸钾,或过硫酸钠;
上述氢氧化钙,氢氧化钠和过硫酸盐均为市售分析纯化学品。
该检测粉剂使用方法如下:取5~10ml待测水样于玻璃试管内,加入2滴2mol/L硫酸溶液,剧烈摇动1分钟,加入0.1~0.5g总有机碳检测剂,摇动溶解,将试管置于聚亚胺加热器上,煮沸5~10分钟后,将试管置于冷水中冷却5~10分钟,摇匀后将液体转移到比色池,利用比色计或分光光度计测量,即得待测水样中总有机碳含量。
上述待测水样指地表水、生活污水和工业废水。
上述2mol/L硫酸溶液为市售优级纯浓硫酸配制。
上述聚亚胺加热器为市售产品。
本发明的创新点和特色如下:
1,传统的总有机碳(TOC)标准检测方法(HJ/T 71‐2001)须配合非色散红外吸收仪使用,操作复杂,检测成本高,且须首先排除无机碳干扰,而本发明仅为一种检测粉剂,替代标准方法中的磷酸和过硫酸钾液体试剂,利用比色计或分光光度计测量,无机碳共存不干扰检测。
2,本发明的总有机碳检测剂制备方法简单,质量稳定,运输、携带方便,操作使用简单、检出限为1mg/L TOC,可用于地表水、污水中TOC的快速检测,尤其适合于野外或现场使用。
具体实施方式
实施例1
总有机碳检测剂的制备
称取10g氢氧化钙、20g氢氧化钠、100g过硫酸钾,混合后,研磨成粉,得总有机物检测剂。
实施例2
采用本发明的实施例1得到的总有机碳检测剂测定湖水TOC浓度
取10ml某湖水于玻璃试管,加入2滴2mol/L硫酸溶液,剧烈摇动1分钟,加入0.2g总有机碳检测剂,摇匀溶解后,将试管置于聚亚胺加热器(PIH02型,工作电压24V、功率25W,上海绿帝环保科技有限公司生产),加热至沸腾,5分钟后将试管置于冷水中冷却5分钟,摇匀后将液体转移到比色池,以水为参比,利用分光光度计在500nm波长下测定吸光度,代入总有机碳标准曲线,计算湖水中TOC浓度是8.2mg/L,与HJ/T 71‐2001标准检测方法结果8.9mg/L一致,检测全过程不足15分钟,明显短于HJ/T 71‐2001标准检测方法的30分钟,而且操作更为简单,数据可靠,因此,该检测剂适合于地表水TOC快速现场检测。
实施例3
采用本发明的实施例1得到的总有机碳检测剂测定污水中TOC浓度
取某污水处理厂出水10ml于玻璃试管,加入2滴2mol/L硫酸溶液,剧烈摇动1分钟,加入0.2g总有机碳检测剂,摇匀溶解后,将试管置于聚亚胺加热器(PIH02型,工作电压24V、功率25W,上海绿帝环保科技有限公司生产),加热至沸腾,5分钟后将试管置于冷水中冷却5分钟,摇匀后将液体转移到比色池,以水为参比,利用分光光度计在500nm波长下测定吸光度,代入总有机碳标准曲线,并计算碳基TOC浓度为48.0mg/L,与HJ/T 71‐2001标准检测方法结果51.7mg/L一致。

Claims (2)

1.一种测定水质总有机碳的快速检测剂的制备方法,其特征在于:
按质量比称取氢氧化钙:氢氧化钠:过硫酸盐=3~10:10~40:50~100,混合均匀,研磨成粉,得总有机碳检测剂;
上述过硫酸盐是过硫酸铵,或过硫酸钾,或过硫酸钠;
上述氢氧化钙,氢氧化钠和过硫酸盐均为市售分析纯化学品。
2.一种测定水质总有机碳的快速检测剂的使用方法,其特征在于:取5~10ml待测水样于玻璃试管内,加入2滴2mol/L硫酸溶液,剧烈摇动1分钟,加入0.1~0.5g总有机碳检测剂,摇动溶解,将试管置于聚亚胺加热器上,煮沸5~10分钟后,将试管置于冷水中冷却5~10分钟,摇匀后将液体转移到比色池,利用比色计或分光光度计测量,即得待测水样中总有机碳含量;
上述待测水样是指地表水、生活污水和工业废水;
上述2mol/L硫酸溶液为市售优级纯浓硫酸配制;
上述聚亚胺加热器为市售产品。
CN201710411455.6A 2017-06-05 2017-06-05 一种测定水质总有机碳的快速检测剂的制备与使用方法 Pending CN107037040A (zh)

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CN109612794B (zh) * 2018-12-06 2021-05-11 同济大学 一种烃源岩中不同赋存态有机质的分离与定量方法

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