CN107036919B - Experimental device and experimental method for breaking rock by utilizing ultrasonic excitation - Google Patents
Experimental device and experimental method for breaking rock by utilizing ultrasonic excitation Download PDFInfo
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- CN107036919B CN107036919B CN201710204880.8A CN201710204880A CN107036919B CN 107036919 B CN107036919 B CN 107036919B CN 201710204880 A CN201710204880 A CN 201710204880A CN 107036919 B CN107036919 B CN 107036919B
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001133 acceleration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009897 systematic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0001—Type of application of the stress
- G01N2203/0005—Repeated or cyclic
- G01N2203/0008—High frequencies from 10 000 Hz
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0055—Generation of the force using mechanical waves, e.g. acoustic
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
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Abstract
The invention discloses an experimental device and an experimental method for breaking rock by utilizing ultrasonic excitation, wherein the device consists of an ultrasonic generator, a vibration system and a cooling system, and the vibration system comprises a Langewen vibrator, a connecting sheet and a fixer; the cooling system comprises a cooling cylinder, cooling liquid and a cooling tank. The connecting sheet is fixed on the Langerwen vibrator through screws, the horizontal fixer is installed on the wall of the cooling tank, and the rock test piece is bonded at the lower end of the connecting sheet by using strong glue. The ultrasonic generator supplies power to the Langewen vibrator to drive the Langewen vibrator to work, and the input electric signal is converted by the Langewen vibrator to excite the rock test piece to vibrate so as to damage and crack the rock test piece. And after the cooling system is electrified, cooling liquid is circularly injected into the cooling cylinder to cool the Langewen vibrator. The invention can research the relation between the rock breaking effect and the ultrasonic power and frequency by changing the size of the rock test piece, and the rock test piece is connected with the Lanjie oscillator through the connecting piece, so that the vibration transmission efficiency is high, the oscillator can be repeatedly used, and the service life is long.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the crossing field of ultrasonics and rock fragmentation, and particularly relates to an experimental device and an experimental method for researching the fragmentation effect, ultrasonic power, frequency and rock mass rule of different types of rocks by using ultrasonic waves to excite rocks and promote the internal cracks of the rocks to develop, damage and fracture so as to reduce the rock strength.
Background
Ultrasonic waves are a form of mechanical vibration and energy propagation, and during the propagation process, medium particles are alternately compressed and stretched to cause pressure change between media, and the pressure change causes mechanical effect between the media. The research shows that: the ultrasonic frequency is high, the wavelength is short, when the ultrasonic wave acts on a solid medium, particle vibration acceleration is very large, and the particle acceleration is in direct proportion to the square of the ultrasonic frequency, so that huge impact load can be caused by small static load, the local stress of the rock is far larger than the fracture strength limit of the rock, and the generation and the expansion of fine cracks on the surface of the rock are caused, and damage and fracture are achieved.
The traditional drilling and blasting method has the advantages of low construction drilling strength, low hole forming speed, poor efficiency, difficult mechanical cutting and crushing, machine tool abrasion, large maintenance amount and low invasion rate (insufficient cutting depth) when the hard rock is crushed, no high-efficiency rock crushing device exists at present, no experimental device for crushing the rock by utilizing ultrasonic waves exists, no systematic report is found in the mechanism research of crushing the rock by utilizing ultrasonic waves at home and abroad, and related research is still in the exploratory test stage. In the prior exploratory test for breaking rock by using ultrasonic excitation, when the Langerwen vibrator is directly cooled by water, cavitation can be generated on the surface of a test piece, and the experimental effect is influenced. Research into breaking rock using ultrasonic excitation therefore requires a more sophisticated experimental setup.
Disclosure of Invention
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide an experimental device for breaking rock by utilizing ultrasonic excitation. The second purpose is to provide an experimental method for breaking rock by ultrasonic excitation, which weakens the strength of the rock by utilizing ultrasonic high-frequency vibration to accelerate the breaking of the rock, determines the relationship between the ultrasonic power and frequency and the dimension of the rock test piece when different lithology test pieces are broken, and can be used for researching the breaking mechanism of the rock under the ultrasonic excitation.
The experimental device for breaking rock by utilizing ultrasonic excitation consists of an ultrasonic generator, a vibration system and a cooling system, wherein the vibration system comprises a Langewen vibrator, a connecting sheet and a fixer, and the cooling system comprises a cooling cylinder, cooling liquid and a cooling tank.
The Langerwen vibrator and the connecting sheet are connected together through a screw on the connecting sheet, and the rock test piece is bonded at the lower end of the connecting sheet by using strong glue.
The connecting piece is circular, and the diameter and the thickness of the connecting piece are determined according to the rock test piece.
The rock test piece is fixed by using symmetrical Y-shaped fixers arranged on the wall of the cooling tank, so that the horizontal movement of the test piece during the experiment is prevented. The fixer is installed on the cooling tank, can fix the rock test piece to the inslot rotation, and the fixer inlays in the cooling cylinder bayonet when covering the cooling cylinder.
The Lanjiwen vibrator is cooled by circularly injecting cooling liquid into the cooling cylinder, so that the Lanjiwen vibrator is prevented from being damaged due to high temperature. In addition, according to the experimental device for breaking rock by utilizing ultrasonic excitation, the Langerwen vibrator can be cooled by blowing air by a blower.
The invention relates to an experimental method for breaking rock by utilizing ultrasonic excitation, which comprises the following steps:
a. rock test pieces with different sizes and different lithologies are manufactured in advance according to experimental needs;
b. fixing the connecting sheet at the lower end of the Langewen vibrator through a screw;
c. tightly bonding the rock test piece to the lower end of the connecting sheet by using strong glue;
d. connecting the ultrasonic generator and the Lanjiwen vibrator by a lead in a welding mode;
e. placing the rock test piece and the Lanjiwen vibrator in a cooling tank, screwing a fixer to fix the test piece, and then covering a cooling cylinder;
f. a power supply of a cooling system is switched on, and cooling liquid is circularly injected into the cooling cylinder to cool the Langewen vibrator;
g. switching on a power supply of the ultrasonic generator to drive the Langevin oscillator to work;
h. carrying out a power-on experiment and observing, and cutting off the power supply of the ultrasonic generator and then the cooling system after the power-on experiment is finished;
i. and (5) unscrewing the connecting sheet, taking out the rock test piece, observing and carrying out follow-up experiment.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) by changing the lithology and size of the rock test piece and the power and frequency of the ultrasonic wave, the relationship between the rock breaking effect and the lithology and size of the test piece and the power and frequency of the ultrasonic wave can be determined.
(2) The experimental device adopts the cooling liquid to be circularly injected into the cooling cylinder to cool the Lanjiwen vibrator, thereby avoiding the cavitation erosion generated on the contact surface of the liquid and the test piece when the Lanjiwen vibrator is cooled by directly utilizing the cooling liquid, and further avoiding the damage to the test piece to influence the experimental effect.
(3) The Langewen vibrator is in contact with the rock test piece through the connecting piece and the screw, so that the Langewen vibrator can be reused, and the service life of the Langewen vibrator is prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an experimental apparatus according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a top view of the experimental set-up of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the connecting piece.
Fig. 4 is a side view of the cooling cylinder.
Reference numerals:
1-lanjivin oscillator; 2, connecting a sheet; 3-a rock test piece; 4-a holder; 5, a cooling tank; 6-ultrasonic generator; 7-cooling cylinder; 8-a screw; 9-cooling liquid; 10-cooling cylinder bayonet; 11-conducting wire.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to an experimental device for breaking rock by utilizing ultrasonic excitation, which consists of an ultrasonic generator 6, a vibration system and a cooling system, wherein the vibration system comprises a Langevin vibrator 1, a connecting sheet 2 and a fixer 4, and the cooling system comprises a cooling cylinder 7, cooling liquid 9 and a cooling tank 5.
The connecting piece 2 and the Langerwen vibrator 1 are screwed together through a screw 8 on the connecting piece 2, and the rock test piece 3 and the connecting piece 2 are tightly bonded together through strong glue.
The ultrasonic transducer in the langevin vibrator 1 is a composite piezoelectric ceramic transducer.
The connecting piece 2 is circular, and the diameter and the thickness of the connecting piece are determined according to the diameter of the rock test piece.
The rock test piece 3 is clamped and fixed by using two symmetrical Y-shaped fixers 4 arranged on the wall of the cooling tank, so that the horizontal movement of the rock test piece 3 during the experiment is prevented. The horizontal rod of the fixer 4 is provided with threads and is arranged on the cooling groove 5, the horizontal movement of the rock test piece 3 is limited by rotating in the groove, and the fixer is embedded in the bayonet 10 of the cooling cylinder when the cooling cylinder is covered.
Preferably, the cooling device of the present invention is a cooling cylinder, the power supply of the cooling system is connected, and the cooling liquid is circularly injected into the cooling cylinder to cool the langevin vibrator, so as to prevent the langevin vibrator 1 from being damaged due to high temperature.
Alternatively, the cooling device of the present invention may further employ a blower, which blows air to the langevin vibrator to cool it.
The ultrasonic vibration system is connected with the ultrasonic generator 6, the ultrasonic generator 6 is connected with a cable, and the cable is connected to supply power to the Lanjivin vibrator to drive the Lanjivin vibrator to work and simultaneously cause the rock test piece 3 to vibrate.
The invention relates to an experimental method for breaking rock by utilizing ultrasonic excitation, which comprises the following steps:
a. rock test pieces 3 with different sizes and different lithologies are manufactured in advance according to experimental needs;
b. fixing the connecting sheet 2 at the lower end of the Langevin oscillator 1 through a screw 8;
c. tightly bonding the rock test piece 3 to the lower end of the connecting piece 2 by using strong glue;
d. the ultrasonic generator 6 and the Lanjivin vibrator 1 are connected by a lead 11, and a welding mode is adopted during connection;
e. placing the rock test piece 3 and the Lanjiwen vibrator 1 in a cooling tank 5, screwing a fixer 4 to fix the test piece, and then covering a cooling cylinder 7;
f. a power supply of a cooling system is switched on, and cooling liquid 9 is circularly injected into the cooling cylinder 7 to cool the Langevin vibrator 1;
g. the power supply of the ultrasonic generator 6 is switched on to drive the Lanjivin vibrator 1 to work;
h. the power-on experiment is carried out, observation is carried out, and after the power-on experiment is finished, the power supply of the ultrasonic generator 6 is cut off, and then the power supply of the cooling system is cut off;
i. and (4) unscrewing the connecting piece 2, taking out the rock test piece 3, observing and carrying out subsequent experiments.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the positional relationship indicated by the terms "lower end", "inner", etc. is based on the positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed to operate in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Furthermore, the terms "one", "two" and "one" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implying any number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defined as "one" or "two" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature.
In the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "secured," "connected," and the like are to be construed broadly, e.g., the connection may be a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, or through both elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Although particular embodiments of the present invention have been described herein, it will be understood that the above-described embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that certain changes, modifications, substitutions, and alterations can be made therein by those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The utility model provides an utilize experimental apparatus of ultrasonic excitation broken rock which characterized in that: the experimental device consists of an ultrasonic generator (6), a vibration system and a cooling system, wherein the vibration system comprises a Langewen vibrator (1), a connecting sheet (2) and a fixer (4); the cooling system comprises a cooling cylinder (7), cooling liquid (9) and a cooling tank (5);
the ultrasonic generator (6) is an adjustable-frequency ultrasonic generator and is connected with the Langewen vibrator (1) by a lead (11); the connecting piece (2) is fixed at the lower end of the Lanjiwen vibrator (1) through a screw (8), and the ultrasonic generator (6) is electrified to drive the Lanjiwen vibrator (1) to vibrate so as to perform ultrasonic excitation on the rock test piece (3);
the fixer (4) is a group of symmetrical Y-shaped clampers, is used for limiting the horizontal displacement of the rock test piece, is arranged on the wall of the cooling tank, is embedded in a bayonet (10) of the cooling tank when the cooling tank is covered, and can fix the rock test piece by rotating towards the tank;
the cooling system is a cooling cylinder (7) capable of circularly injecting cooling liquid (9), and the Langewen vibrator (1) is cooled by circularly injecting the cooling liquid into the cooling cylinder, so that the Langewen vibrator (1) is prevented from being damaged due to high temperature.
2. An experimental apparatus for breaking rock using ultrasonic excitation according to claim 1, wherein: the transducer adopted by the Lanjivin vibrator (1) is a composite piezoelectric ceramic transducer, and the lower end of the transducer is in an inverted horn shape; the connecting piece (2) is circular, and the diameter and the thickness of the connecting piece are determined according to a rock test piece.
3. An experimental method using the experimental apparatus for breaking rock using ultrasonic excitation of claim 1, the method comprising the steps of:
a. rock test pieces (3) with different sizes and different lithologies are manufactured in advance according to experimental needs;
b. fixing the connecting sheet (2) at the lower end of the Lanjiwen vibrator (1) through a screw (8);
c. tightly bonding the rock test piece (3) to the lower end of the connecting piece (2) by using strong glue;
d. the ultrasonic generator (6) and the Lanjiwen vibrator (1) are connected by a lead (11), and a welding mode is adopted during connection;
e. placing the rock test piece (3) and the Lanjiwen vibrator (1) in a cooling tank (5), screwing a fixer (4) to fix the test piece, and then covering a cooling cylinder (7);
f. a power supply of a cooling system is switched on, and cooling liquid (9) is circularly injected into the cooling cylinder (7) to cool the Langerwen vibrator (1);
g. the power supply of the ultrasonic generator (6) is switched on to drive the Lanjivin vibrator (1) to work;
h. the power-on experiment is carried out, observation is carried out, and after the power-on experiment is finished, the power supply of the ultrasonic generator (6) is cut off, and then the power supply of the cooling system is cut off;
i. and (4) unscrewing the connecting piece (2), taking out the rock test piece (3), observing and carrying out subsequent experiments.
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| CN201710204880.8A CN107036919B (en) | 2017-03-31 | 2017-03-31 | Experimental device and experimental method for breaking rock by utilizing ultrasonic excitation |
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| CN107036919B true CN107036919B (en) | 2020-10-16 |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107884104A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-04-06 | 吉林大学 | A kind of test device and method of ultrasonic activation detritus Effective power |
| CN108825260B (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2020-04-28 | 长安大学 | TBM cutter head for assisting in breaking rock through vibration impact and arrangement method thereof |
| CN110596349B (en) * | 2019-09-20 | 2024-08-20 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | Mobile laser rock breaking experimental device and method |
| CN111537174B (en) * | 2020-04-29 | 2021-11-23 | 江苏大学 | Variable-angle ultrasonic impact test device and method |
| CN113740127A (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2021-12-03 | 宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司 | Non-contact refrigeration type ultrasonic pulverizer |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1194724A (en) * | 1997-09-18 | 1999-04-09 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Method and device for evaluating wear resistance and rock crushing property of crusher parts |
| KR20130133385A (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2013-12-09 | 대한민국 (관리부서:국립문화재연구소) | Calculating method for weathering degree of rock using rebound hardness teste |
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| CN1945260A (en) * | 2006-10-19 | 2007-04-11 | 苏州市职业大学 | Ultrasonic/sonic wave sampler for drilling |
| CN102397085B (en) * | 2010-09-09 | 2015-04-08 | 株式会社东芝 | Ultrasound probe |
| CN103982131B (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2016-05-04 | 中国矿业大学 | A kind of frequency-adjustable ultrasonic resonance rock drill and using method |
| CN104020015B (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2016-04-20 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Ultrasonic drill exploration sample testing experiment platform |
| CN204789564U (en) * | 2015-05-27 | 2015-11-18 | 张金川 | Open holder |
| CN105464588B (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2017-07-04 | 吉林大学 | A kind of ultrasonic activation detritus experimental provision and experimental technique |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH1194724A (en) * | 1997-09-18 | 1999-04-09 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Method and device for evaluating wear resistance and rock crushing property of crusher parts |
| KR20130133385A (en) * | 2012-05-29 | 2013-12-09 | 대한민국 (관리부서:국립문화재연구소) | Calculating method for weathering degree of rock using rebound hardness teste |
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