CN107036751B - Flexible rope searching force calculation method for identifying vibration frequency through weighted broadband peak searching - Google Patents
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- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/04—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring tension in flexible members, e.g. ropes, cables, wires, threads, belts or bands
- G01L5/042—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring tension in flexible members, e.g. ropes, cables, wires, threads, belts or bands by measuring vibrational characteristics of the flexible member
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Abstract
The invention provides a flexible rope force calculation method for identifying vibration frequency through a weighted broadband peak searching method, which comprises the following steps of: measuring flexible ropesCarrying out frequency domain transformation on the vibration data of the flexible rope to obtain a vibration frequency spectrum of the flexible rope; method for obtaining each order frequency f of flexible rope by utilizing broadband peak searching method i And amplitude a thereof i Calculating the difference value delta f of two continuous order frequencies of the flexible rope i And calculating the product w of the continuous two-order frequency amplitudes i By the product w i As frequency difference Δ f i According to the difference value delta f of two continuous order frequencies of the flexible rope i And the weight value w i Calculating fundamental frequency f of vibration of flexible rope 1 In addition, the invention can also calculate the validity of the data and judge the calculation result f 1 The reliability of (2); calculating the cable force of the flexible cable by adopting a formula: t is 4mL 2 f 1 2 . The weighted broadband peak searching method takes the weighted average value of the difference values between continuous multi-order frequencies as the base frequency, can quickly obtain the searching force of the flexible rope by modern tools of a computer or manual calculation, and has the advantages of simple operation, simple calculation method and accurate result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of structural engineering monitoring, and particularly relates to a flexible rope force calculation method for identifying vibration frequency through a weighted broadband peak searching method.
Background
With the rapid increase of the number of bridges and the increasingly complex and severe operating environment of bridges in China, the safety problem of bridge engineering is increasingly prominent. According to incomplete statistics, 50 bridge collapse accidents happen in China during 1999-2016, and huge life and property losses and severe social influences are caused. The safety of bridge structures is receiving increasing public attention from governments and society.
The construction monitoring is a means for ensuring that design ideas are perfectly reflected in the construction or use stage of large structures such as bridges, and along with the great breakthrough of the span and the structural form of the large structures such as bridges, the stress conditions of the structures under various working conditions are difficult to accurately obtain by conventional calculation or measurement means, the monitoring is required to be introduced as an auxiliary control means, and the construction monitoring plays a role in guiding and adjusting the construction sequence in the construction of the large structures such as bridges. Construction monitoring mainly has two aspects: the construction monitoring can ensure the safety of large structures such as bridges and the like in the construction process, and the construction monitoring result also provides data for the construction control, and the construction control is to carry out effective control in the whole construction process, so that the linear shape and the internal force of the formed structure can meet the design requirements. The construction monitoring mainly comprises deflection observation, temperature effect observation, stress observation (strain is measured through a strain gauge), bridge main parameter observation, prestress observation (for a prestress structure), cable force observation (comprising a cable-stayed bridge cable, a suspension bridge, a suspender arch bridge suspender tensioning force, a steel pipe arch hoisting and cable buckling force value) and the like.
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is an important area of development in the civil engineering discipline. The structural health monitoring is to monitor the physical and mechanical properties of the structure and the environment in which the structure is located, monitor the whole or local behavior of the structure in real time or discontinuously, diagnose the damage displacement and degree of the structure, intelligently evaluate the service condition, reliability, durability and bearing capacity of the structure, trigger an early warning signal for the structure under an emergency or when the structure is seriously abnormal in use, and provide basis and guidance for the maintenance, maintenance and management decision of the structure. The structure health monitoring technology is a comprehensive technology crossing disciplines in multiple fields, and relates to multiple research directions of civil engineering, dynamics, materials science, sensing technology, testing technology, signal analysis technology, computer technology, network communication technology, pattern recognition technology and the like.
The stay cable, the suspender and the like are structural members which can efficiently bear tensile force, and are widely applied to large-scale cable bearing bridges such as cable-stayed bridges, suspension bridges, arch bridges and the like. As a main bearing component, the service performance of the stay cable is directly related to the overall safety of the bridge, and plays a vital role in the safe service operation of the bridge. In the use process of the bridge, the stay cable is often damaged due to corrosion, vibration and the like, and as an important component of a tension structure, the damage of the stay cable can bring disastrous results to the bridge.
The cable force is an important index for evaluating whether the stress state of the cable body structure is good or not, and is particularly suitable for cable-stayed bridges, suspension bridges and some large cable membrane structures which take the stay cable as a main stress body. The damaged stay cable will have cable force change (loose), thereby affecting the force distribution and structure line type in the structure, and the serious corrosion of the stay cable may even cause the fracture, thereby causing the collapse of the structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows: in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a flexible rope force calculation method for identifying the vibration frequency through a weighted broadband peak searching method.
5. The technical scheme is as follows: the invention provides a flexible rope searching force calculation method for identifying vibration frequency through weighting broadband peak searching, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step 3, according to the known vibration frequency of the flexible rope, marked as f i Wherein i represents the order of the vibration frequency, i is a continuous natural number, i is 1,2,3, and is used for broadband division of the frequency spectrum to determine the broadband area of each order frequency
Wherein the width of the wide band is
Wherein, Δ f i ＝f i+1 -f i ，
w i ＝a i+1 *a i ；
And when | Δ f i -f 1 * |＞ηf 1 * When it is determined that Δ f is i Explanation of an anomaly Δ f i Not the correct frequency difference, i.e. f i Or f i+1 Not the frequency of vibration of the flexible rope, will be Δ f i Corresponds to w i Is set to 0, i.e. Δ f i Not participating in final frequency difference calculation, recording abnormal delta f i M is the number of
The validity of the data is the section, wherein n is the number of frequencies identified by the broadband peak searching method; wherein eta is a threshold value and can be set according to experience;
Wherein,
and 7, calculating the cable force of the flexible cable by adopting a formula (I):
T＝4mL 2 f 1 2 (I)；
wherein:
t-flexible rope force;
m is the mass of the flexible rope per unit length, namely the linear density of the flexible inhaul cable;
l is the nominal length of the cable member.
The formula (I) is obtained according to the following method:
the measurement of the cable force comprises a vibration method, an oil pressure method, a stress method and the like, and the vibration method is developed in the engineering monitoring field due to the factors of simple operation, low cost and the like. The vibration method is used for testing the cable force of the cable, firstly, vibration data of the cable are obtained, then, frequency spectrum analysis is carried out, and the cable force is theoretically calculated by utilizing a fundamental frequency (a first-order frequency), but in actual engineering, the fundamental frequency (influenced by various noises) of the cable cannot be necessarily and effectively obtained.
The invention utilizes the frequency doubling characteristic of the flexible rope to identify the multi-order frequency of the stay cable, calculates a plurality of difference values of continuous frequencies of each order to be equivalent to the fundamental frequency of the stay cable, and then calculates the cable force of the stay cable according to the geometric physical characteristic of the stay cable.
The basic principle of measuring the cable force by the vibration method is to measure the natural vibration frequency of the cable and then calculate and analyze according to the string vibration theory to determine the cable force of the cable. The vibration method adopts environment random excitation to measure the first several orders of natural vibration frequency of the stay cable, and then the solution is analyzed according to the string vibration theory to obtain the internal force of the stay cable.
When the boundary condition of the two ends of the cable member can be simplified to hinge, the calculation formula of the cable force is as follows:
T＝4m(f i 2 /i 2 )·L 2 -EIπ 2 (i 2 /L 2 ) (1)
wherein:
t-axial force (cable force) to which the cable member is subjected;
m-mass per unit length of the cord member (linear density);
EI-bending stiffness of the cable member;
f i -the ith order vibration frequency (unit: Hz) of the cable member;
i-vibration order;
l-the nominal length of the cord member.
When the member satisfies the definition of a flexible cable-like member, that is, the slenderness ratio is sufficiently large, the second term of the formula (1) is negligible, and the formula (1) can be simplified as follows:
T＝4m(f i 2 /i 2 )·L 2 (2)
if the nominal length L of the cable member is known, the unit mass m along the length direction is measured, and the first order vibration frequency of the cable member is measured, the cable force can be calculated according to the formula (2); in practical applications, it is often not easy to determine the order of a certain order of frequency, so the cable force is generally calculated according to the fundamental frequency or the frequency difference of the cable, and then the formula (2) can be expressed as follows:
T＝4mL 2 f 1 2 (3)
the weighted broadband peak searching method of the invention is that a plurality of frequency peak values are identified in the neighborhood of each identified order of frequency, a frequency difference is calculated according to the difference value between continuous orders of frequency and a weight, the base frequency is replaced by the frequency difference according to the frequency doubling characteristic, and then the inhaul cable force is calculated by using the formula (3).
In step 2, the frequency domain transformation method is fourier transformation.
In step 3, the position of the broadband is determined according to the known vibration frequency of each order of the flexible rope, and the known vibration frequency of each order of the flexible rope can be a theoretical calculation result (for example, obtained by calculation by using a finite element model method) or historical vibration frequency data of the flexible cable.
Wherein, in step 3, the width of the wide band is
Each one of which is
Are all slightly different, but the first n are
All frequency domain data points of the first n-th order frequency may be covered.
Has the advantages that: the weighted broadband peak searching method takes the weighted average value of the difference values between continuous orders of frequency as the fundamental frequency, can quickly obtain the searching force of the flexible rope by modern tools of a computer or manual calculation, and has the advantages of simple operation, simple calculation method and accurate result.
In particular, the present invention has the following outstanding advantages over the prior art:
(1) the calculation method is simple, convenient to operate and understand, and the result is accurate;
(2) the method is convenient for realizing computer programs and is convenient for quick and automatic batch processing of the computer;
(3) the method can search the multi-order vibration frequency of the flexible rope, and can obtain the current actual vibration frequency according to the priori knowledge;
(4) the method can effectively describe the cable force change condition;
(5) the method can judge the effectiveness of the vibration data, namely whether the real cable force can be obtained through the data.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a curve of acceleration time course of a certain cable of a certain bridge within 15 minutes;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the vibration spectrum of a flexible rope;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the present method and anchor rope meter simultaneously identifying the change in cable force at a certain day;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the error conditions of the method and anchor line gauge: the error characteristics of the method are described by taking the anchor cable as a standard, and the error characteristics comprise absolute error and relative error.
Detailed Description
The method for measuring the searching force of the flexible rope by weighting the broadband peak searching is further explained below.
Example 1
The method for measuring the flexible rope searching force by weighting broadband peak searching comprises the following steps:
wherein, x (N) is a discrete acceleration time course data sequence, N is a serial number of an acceleration data point, N is a data amount of the acceleration time course data sequence, that is, the number of sampling points, in this example, the sampling frequency is 20Hz, the sampling duration is 15 minutes, the number of sampling points is N15 × 60 × 20 — 18000, j is an imaginary number, x (k) is a transformed frequency domain data sequence, and k is a serial number of a frequency domain data point;
step 3, according to the known vibration frequency of the flexible rope, marked as f i * Wherein i is 1,2, 3. cndot. where i represents the order of frequency, broadband division is performed on the frequency spectrum, and broadband regions of the frequencies of each order are determined
Wherein the width of the wide band is
In this example, f is analyzed from historical data i * See table 1;
In this example, the peak a is analyzed from historical data i And f i As shown in table 1;
Wherein, Δ f i ＝f i+1 -f i ，
w i ＝a i+1 *a i ；
And when | Δ f i -f 1 * |＞ηf 1 * Time (η is a set threshold, which can be set empirically, in this example 10%), and is considered to be Δ f i Explanation of an anomaly Δ f i Not the correct frequency difference, i.e. f i Or f i+1 Not the frequency of vibration of the flexible rope, will be Δ f i Corresponds to w i Is set to 0, i.e. Δ f i Recording the abnormal delta f without participating in the final frequency difference calculation i The number m of (b) is then
The validity of the data is the section, wherein n is the number of frequencies identified by the broadband peak searching method;
in this example, the weight w is obtained from the analysis of the historical data i Sum frequency difference Δ f i As shown in Table 1, m is 0 in this example, i.e., there is no difference Δ f i Then the validity μ of the data segment is 100%.
TABLE 1
Wherein,
and 7, calculating the cable force of the flexible cable by adopting a formula (I):
T＝4mL 2 f 1 2 ＝4606.1043kN (I)；
wherein:
m＝72.125kg/m；
L＝361.123m。
the accuracy and reliability of the method of the invention pass the verification of a real bridge test:
firstly, measuring a vibration time domain curve (see figure 1) of a certain cable of a certain bridge, then obtaining a vibration frequency spectrum (see figure 2) of the cable according to the vibration time domain curve, identifying each order of frequency and amplitude thereof by using the method, and calculating weighted average frequency difference to replace base frequency;
the method of the invention and the anchor cable meter are used for simultaneously measuring the cable force change condition of a certain cable of a certain bridge within one day (see figure 3), and the cable force change trends measured by the two methods are consistent as can be seen from figure 3; the error of the two methods for measuring the cable force is shown in FIG. 4, and the absolute error of the cable force measured by the method is within 20kN and the relative error is within 0.4 percent based on the cable force measured by an anchor cable meter.
Claims (2)
1. The flexible rope searching force calculation method for identifying the vibration frequency through weighting broadband peak searching is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, measuring vibration data of a flexible rope by using a vibration sensor, namely time-domain vibration data of the flexible rope;
step 2, performing frequency domain transformation on the time domain vibration data of the flexible rope to obtain a vibration frequency spectrum of the flexible rope;
step 3, according to the known vibration frequency of the flexible rope, marked as f i * Wherein i represents the order of the vibration frequency, i is a continuous natural number, the frequency spectrum is divided into broadband, and the broadband area of each order frequency is determined
Wherein the width of the wide band is
Frequency of vibration f of each order i * Analyzing according to historical data to obtain;
step 4, in the broadband area
Inner search obtains peak a i Frequency f corresponding to the peak i The actual ith order frequency of the flexible rope is obtained;
step 5, calculating the difference value delta f of two continuous order frequencies of the flexible rope i And their weight values w i ，
Wherein, Δ f i ＝f i+1 -f i ，
w i ＝a i+1 *a i ；
And when | Δ f i -f 1 * |＞ηf 1 * When it is determined that Δ f is i Explanation of an anomaly Δ f i Not the correct frequency difference, i.e. f i Or f i+1 Not the frequency of vibration of the flexible rope, will be Δ f i Corresponds to w i Is set to 0, i.e. Δ f i Recording the abnormal delta f without participating in the final frequency difference calculation i M is the number of
The data validity is shown, wherein n is the number of frequencies identified by the broadband peak searching method; wherein eta is a threshold value, and eta is 10%;
step 6, calculating the vibration fundamental frequency f of the flexible rope 1 ，
Wherein,
and 7, calculating the cable force of the flexible cable by adopting a formula (I):
T＝4mL 2 f 1 2 (I)；
wherein:
t-flexible rope force;
m-the mass of the flexible rope per unit length, i.e. the linear density of the flexible rope;
l-the nominal length of the cord member.
2. The flexible rope force calculation method for identifying vibration frequencies by weighted broadband peak searching as claimed in claim 1, wherein: in step 2, the frequency domain transformation method is Fourier transformation.
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