CN105865522A - Bridge structure monitoring system - Google Patents
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- CN105865522A CN105865522A CN201610208306.5A CN201610208306A CN105865522A CN 105865522 A CN105865522 A CN 105865522A CN 201610208306 A CN201610208306 A CN 201610208306A CN 105865522 A CN105865522 A CN 105865522A
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- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The invention provides a bridge structure monitoring system. The bridge structure monitoring system comprises a sensing subsystem for monitoring responses of a bridge under various external excitations by use of a user or a test instrument; a signal acquisition and processing subsystem used for processing various monitored information and then performing diagnosing; and a health state and safety evaluation subsystem used for analyzing a damage condition of a bridge structure and evaluating a health state of the bridge. The bridge structure monitoring system can analyze the safety status of the bridge structure and evaluate static and dynamic loading capabilities of the bridge structure and the safety and reliability of the structure, thereby providing a scientific basis for bridge management and maintenance decision-making.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of monitoring system, especially a kind of bridge structure monitoring system.
Background technology
Transportation is a national economic lifeline, and bridge is the throat of traffic, and the construction of bridge and maintenance are the important component parts of a national basis Facilities Construction, is also the symbol of economic development and technological progress simultaneously.Along with the introducing of 20th century prestressing technique and the mouth of key bridge technology attain maturation, bridge engineering construction achieves breakthrough achievement, Longspan Bridge is increasing both at home and abroad, the Akashi-akyo suspension bridge of 1990n is reached across footpath as Japan has built, the U.S. has built the famous Chesapeake bay bridge crossing over bay, and China is the largest public affairs in Asia, the dual-purpose grand bridge of ferrum in the Construction of Wuhu Changjiang River Bridge that 1999 build up.The success of these large bridges is built and is indicated that bridge construction just develops towards the maximization of scale, softization of form, the complication of function.
But, the outstanding problem that the development of large bridge brings is exactly more and more higher with the requirement of durability to bridge safty.Go through due to bridge structure and even go up the century-old military service phase up to decades, under the influence of loads change, material variation, natural disaster and anthropic factor etc., be inevitably generated damage accumulation, even generation accident, causes huge economic loss.Such as Ohio, USA river main bridge bridge collapse in 1967,46 people are caused to die.Within 1994, Korea S's holy water bridge occurs central authorities bridge floor 50m to cave in, and during wherein 15m falls into river, cause death 32 people, the major accident of severely injured 17 people.Same major accident is the most of common occurrence in China, and the rainbow bridge in Chongqing in 1999 collapses, and causes the tragedy that 41 people are dead, 14 people are injured: 2003, Liaoning Panjin bridge caused bridge breaking due to bracket fracture, causes the serious consequence of car crash equally.Owing to China is very large in area and thickly populated, various big-and-middle-sized bridge huge amount, China's highway and high-speed railway are just experiencing the Fast Construction phase the most in recent years, the ratio of bridge the line is busy road overall length constantly increases, in some special sector total line to be accounted for more than 40%, particularly since in April, 1997 railway raises speed for the first time, China railways has been carried out 5 comprehensive speed-raisings, the F-Zero of train running alreadys more than 200 300 kilometers/hour, this for those designed originally maximum speed per hour instrument be 120 kilometers/time large quantities of railroad bridges for be also an acid test.Therefore, safety in utilization and durability in order to ensure large bridge structure, the heavy losses of national wealth, people's life are reduced or avoided, the health status of bridge can be understood in time by appropriate monitoring means, find that the hidden damage jeopardizing bridge security the most in early days, will be to guaranteeing that bridge security plays vital effect, the most also the maintenance and reinforcement for bridge provides necessary foundation, thus can save the maintenance and reinforcement expense of bridge, it is to avoid frequently inconvenience and the loss that traffic is brought is closed in overhaul.Conventional experiences and lessons should be summed up for newly-built large bridge structure, long-term safety monitoring system and non-destructive tests control system should be set up while engineering construction, safely provide reliable health information for ensure bridge.Simultaneously, the inspection theoretical model of bridge, calculation assumption are also had great importance by the science data obtained by bridge structural health monitoring, the more profound significance that bridge health monitoring information is fed back in structure design is, construction design method may be improved with corresponding codes and standards etc., to the understanding of bridge real behavior under various transportation conditions and natural environment and the Rational Model of environmental load is established solid foundation.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of bridge structure monitoring system is provided, for analyzing the safe condition of bridge structure, evaluating its quiet, ability of dynamic load and security reliability of structure, management and maintenance decision for bridge provide scientific basis.The technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of bridge structure monitoring system, including:
Sensing subsystem, uses sensor or test instrunment to be monitored bridge response under external various excitations；
The various information of monitoring are processed, then diagnose by Signal acquiring and processing subsystem；
Health status and safety evaluation subsystem, for analyzing the damage status of bridge structure, be evaluated the health status of bridge.
Further, the sensor in sensing subsystem or test instrunment include:
For the dimensional measurement instrument of bridge axes and the position of parts and displacement measurement,；
For monitoring the environment monitoring sensor of the thing a kind of jade chemical environment residing for bridge；
For recording the load monitoring device of the various variable loads that bridge stands；
For recording the strain transducer of the force model strain and stress of bridge structure；
For recording the tension force of main push-towing rope, anchor pole, suspension rod, bridge pad counter-force, and the pull pressure sensor of the pressure of presstressed reinforcing steel anchor head, anchorage parts；
For recording bridge structure displacement under Under Dynamic Load, speed and the vibration measurement sensor of acceleration response spectrum；
Sensor or test instrunment in sensing subsystem also include: Suo Liyi, shear pin, magnetic bullet instrument.
Specifically,
Total powerstation that dimensional measurement instrument includes measuring for integral position, global positioning system, electronic distance meter, for the displacement meter of local displacement deformation measurement, electric slope angle instrument, communicating pipe flexometer.
Environment monitoring sensor includes: thermometer, drimeter, reinforced steel bar erosion monitoring device, acidity-basicity sensor, air acidity detector；
Load monitoring device includes: video camera, dynamic on-ground weigher, strong-motion instrument, anemobiagraph；
Strain transducer includes: electric resistance wire strain gauge, differential type strain gauge, vibrating string extensometer and fibre optic strain sensor；
Vibration measurement sensor uses acceleration transducer.
Further, the major function that Signal acquiring and processing subsystem possesses includes:
(1) signals collecting, it is achieved to the quantization record of Multiple Information Sources difference physical signalling, transmit and manage work；
(2) Signal Pretreatment, detection real-time to signal also processes, to determine current measurement condition；
3) data process, and various primary signals are decomposed, converted, and obtain necessary parameter, and these parametric configurations become certain data structure form, form the monitoring information data base describing bridge state.
(4) data communication, it is achieved Monitoring Data exchanges with information with the transmission of system control instruction.
Further, health status and safety evaluation subsystem utilize the characteristic parameter monitoring the bridge structure obtained, including amount of deflection, amplitude, the natural frequency of vibration, the vibration shape, stress, beam end displacement and the ambient temperature data of bridge structure, carry out the evaluation of bridge structure health state；Analyze the dynamic and static power safety of bridge and the normal usage of bridge and durability: and indirect labor's detection and nondestructiving detecting means identification structure local damage that may be present, forecast that bridge structure changes over and the functional deterioration situation that produces.
It is an advantage of the current invention that: solve purpose monitoring and the safe handling problem of large bridge；
1) the Physical and mechanical properties response of monitoring bridge structure operation under home with transportation condition, including the carbonization on the internal force (stress) under various loads, deformation, natural frequency, mode, coagulation, the corrosion etc. of reinforcing bar.
2) the monitoring important non-structural element of bridge (such as bearing) and the duty of affiliated facility；
3) monitoring bridge local environment condition etc..
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structure composition schematic diagram of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with concrete drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
The bridge structure monitoring system that the present invention provides, including:
Sensing subsystem, uses sensor or test instrunment to be monitored bridge response under external various excitations；
The various information of monitoring are processed, then diagnose by Signal acquiring and processing subsystem；
Health status and safety evaluation subsystem, for analyzing the damage status of bridge structure, be evaluated the health status of bridge.
(1). sensing subsystem mainly include for bridge natural environment, vehicular load, car speed, temperature, strain, vibrate, amount of deflection, the multiple sensors of the test parameter such as displacement and corresponding signal amplify and interface arrangement etc., soil bridge structure to be completed ambient condition and load signal and various quiet, sensing and the pick-up function of dynamic response signal.
(1) selection principle of sensor
Monitoring sensor is the basis of bridge health monitoring.Progress along with science and technology, it is adaptable to the kind of sensor of monitoring structural health conditions is various, model is different, and constantly has relatively reliable, accurate and economic sensor to be developed.From the point of view of concrete bridge health monitoring, the type selecting of sensor is very important.Technically, in addition to considering the performance indications of sensor itself, it is also contemplated that sensor and amplifier, the compatibility of communication apparatus；Economically considering, the various performance indications of import instrument are typically the most excellent, but expensive, and domestic equipment performance is made a comment or criticism and stepped up in recent years, composite price factor and the convenience of long term maintenance, can use import and the domestic mode combined.
1. the general technology characteristic of sensor
General technology characteristic measurement the to be met needs of sensor, the concrete requirement of various different sensors is the most different, specifically includes that
Range: the scope between maximum input quantity and minimum input quantity that sensor can be measured:
Degree of accuracy: the matching degree between measured value and true value；
Sensitivity: the variable quantity of the output valve caused by unit input quantity；
Resolution: sensor output produces and can observe the minimum measured value of change:
Frequency response range: the Hz-KHz of vibration-measuring sensor wants to cover the frequency range of tested works；
Other requires: such as the temperature range of working sensor, the relative humidity of environment, other interference range etc..
2. the requirement of geodesic structure is treated
Corresponding sensing element, size, mounting means, position and population size is investigated according to bridge structure type, working condition, possible failure mode etc..
3. the stability of sensor, reliability and the robustness to working environment；
For bridge monitoring system, its cycle of operation was up to several years even decades, under the influence of loads change, natural environment and anthropic factor etc., the working environment of sensor is more severe, therefore the reliability of sensor and most important to the robustness of working environment.In the selection course of sensor, the requirement of structure monitoring project, Contents for Monitoring should be met, also require sensing system self have the protective action to natural environment (as wind, rain, avenge, shake, the interference etc. of temperature, thunder and lightning, electromagnetic field).
4. sensor and the compatibility of the hardware device such as collection, communication
The signal exported by sensor typically could be shown or record after the conditioning of signal conditioner is amplified.The conditioner matched is had generally for a certain sensor.The mode of different regulating appliance signal outputs is the most different, have directly on conditioner display digit amount, some offer analog output ports, some offer digital output ports and communication software output data can be directly inputted computer.Therefore will consider when selecting sensor that the data way of output of conditioner of corresponding this sensor is the most compatible with communication equipment with follow-up data acquisition equipment, or the upgrading of beneficially systemic-function will extend.
(2) bridge monitoring system commonly uses sensing equipment
Meet stability and durability, can bury underground or adhere to, large-scale distributed sensing element is the important component part of bridge health monitoring system.Real work should need to use sensor according to different structure form, different parameter to be measured targetedly.
1. dimensional measurement instrument (sensor)
Bridge axes and the position of parts and displacement measurement are the important measurement contents of bridge machinery and Long Period Health Monitoring.For different structure form and the bridge of scale (across footpath), the sensor and the equipment that are used are different, as integral position is measured frequently with total powerstation, global positioning system, electronic distance meter etc., and local displacement deformation measurement sensor has displacement meter, electric slope angle instrument, communicating pipe flexometer etc..
2. environment monitoring sensor
Main target is monitoring thing a kind of jade chemical environment residing for bridge, thus provides initial data for Bridge Durability Assessment subsequently.As: thermometer, drimeter, reinforced steel bar erosion monitoring device, acidity-basicity sensor, air acidity detector etc..
3. load monitoring device
Purpose is to record various variable loads (including wind load, earthquake load and traffic loading etc.) and the course thereof that bridge stands, and solves the load monitoring problem in reliability assessment, and also the self diagnosis analysis for structure provides payload data.Alternative sensor has: video camera, dynamic on-ground weigher, strong-motion instrument, anemobiagraph etc..
4. strain transducer
The force model strain and stress of interrecord structure, available component fatigue stress spectra after being connected with data handling system.Conventional sensor has: electric resistance wire strain gauge, differential type strain gauge, vibrating string extensometer and fibre optic strain sensor etc..
5. pull pressure sensor
The pressure of the parts such as record main push-towing rope, anchor pole, the tension force of suspension rod, bridge pad counter-force, and presstressed reinforcing steel anchor head, anchorage；
6. vibration measurement sensor
Interrecord structure displacement, speed and acceleration response spectrum under Under Dynamic Load.Vibration measurement sensor is a kind of transducer mount, and vibration signal is converted into the signal of telecommunication be easy to transmission, amplify and record by it.Being determined by the principle of vibrating sensor, acceleration transducer relatively speed is constructively more prone to displacement transducer realize, and it is the most universal that degree of hence speeding up sensor is applied.Conventional acceleration transducer specifically includes that piezoelectric accelerometer, piezoresistive accelerometer, capacitive accelerometer, force-balance accelerometer etc..
7. other sensor, including Suo Liyi, shear pin, magnetic bullet instrument etc..
(2). Signal acquiring and processing subsystem,
Signal acquiring and processing subsystem is the important step realizing bridge health monitoring with appraisal.It major function possessed includes:
(1) signals collecting
Realize the quantization record to Multiple Information Sources difference physical signalling, transmit and manage work.
(2) Signal Pretreatment
For large bridge structure, physical quantity nature difference to be collected is very big, and some of which needs to be continuously monitored, and some only just need to be acquired when some exists with reference to amount or reach threshold value.Accordingly, it would be desirable to some signals are detected in real time and process, to determine current measurement condition.
3) data process
The difference of measured physical quantity character determines and there is the biggest difference between its signal form, and some physical quantity can directly be tested, and some can only obtain indirectly.Therefore various primary signals must be decomposed, convert according to the needs of status monitoring Yu health assessment by monitoring system, obtains necessary parameter, and these parametric configurations become certain data structure form, forms the monitoring information data base describing bridge state.
(4) data communication
The transmission realizing Monitoring Data and system control instruction exchanges with information.
(3) health status and safety evaluation subsystem,
Health status is the information monitoring acquisition according to bridge in real time with the target of safety evaluation subsystem, evaluates the safety of bridge structure, durability and normal usage energy scientifically, objectively, and the maintenance and management for bridge provides decision-making foundation.In order to realize this target, the information monitoring environment and the structure obtained must be utilized the health status of bridge structure to be identified and evaluates, i.e. utilize characteristic parameter critical datas such as () amount of deflection, amplitude, the natural frequency of vibration, the vibration shape, stress, beam end displacement and the ambient temperatures such as bridge structure of the bridge structure that monitoring obtains, carry out the evaluation of bridge structure health state；Analyze the dynamic and static power safety of bridge and the normal usage of bridge and durability: and indirect labor's detection and nondestructiving detecting means identification structure local damage that may be present, forecast that bridge structure changes over and the functional deterioration situation that produces.
Its groundwork includes:
(1) report bridge working environment and the situation of change of load；
(2) the reflection space deformation of bridge structure in real time, the stress state of main portions, the level of vibration of structure and the vibration shape etc.；
(3) periodically or incident (as, overweight load, car and boat shock etc.) occur after, identify damage and the change of key position of structure, provide clear and definite damage position, degree and character for maintenance and reinforcement work:
(4) infer that bridge main member is with or without damaging or cumulative damage；
(5) bearing capacity and safety to bridge make objective appraisal；
(6) checking Bridge Design a kind of jade opinion, the choosing and the effectiveness of construction method of parameter；
(7) provide, for bridge operation and maintenance measures person, the warning message that bridge overloads.
In order to integrate substantial amounts of test, calculate data, the design of health status and safety evaluation subsystem should take into full account the coordination between signal monitoring, data process&analysis and System Identification technology.It is thus desirable to form the data bases such as systematic analysis result, structure monitoring, site inspection and expertise, between them, form association by structure identification technology.
Damage Identification of Bridge Structure and the main method of state estimation:
For structural integrity assessment and non-destructive tests, from the point of view of research and application, the method that current Chinese scholars is generally admitted is roughly divided into dynamical dactylogram method, Modifying model and System identification, neural network and genetic algorithm, subsctructure method and statistical analysis method etc..
Claims (7)
1. a bridge structure monitoring system, it is characterised in that including:
Sensing subsystem, uses sensor or test instrunment to be monitored bridge response under external various excitations；
The various information of monitoring are processed, then diagnose by Signal acquiring and processing subsystem；
Health status and safety evaluation subsystem, for analyzing the damage status of bridge structure, be evaluated the health status of bridge.
2. bridge structure monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Sensor or test instrunment in sensing subsystem include:
For the dimensional measurement instrument of bridge axes and the position of parts and displacement measurement,；
For monitoring the environment monitoring sensor of the thing a kind of jade chemical environment residing for bridge；
For recording the load monitoring device of the various variable loads that bridge stands；
For recording the strain transducer of the force model strain and stress of bridge structure；
For recording the tension force of main push-towing rope, anchor pole, suspension rod, bridge pad counter-force, and the pull pressure sensor of the pressure of presstressed reinforcing steel anchor head, anchorage parts；
For recording bridge structure displacement under Under Dynamic Load, speed and the vibration measurement sensor of acceleration response spectrum；
Bridge structure monitoring system as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that:
Sensor or test instrunment in sensing subsystem also include: Suo Liyi, shear pin, magnetic bullet instrument.
3. bridge structure monitoring system as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that:
Total powerstation that dimensional measurement instrument includes measuring for integral position, global positioning system, electronic distance meter, for the displacement meter of local displacement deformation measurement, electric slope angle instrument, communicating pipe flexometer.
4. environment monitoring sensor includes: thermometer, drimeter, reinforced steel bar erosion monitoring device, acidity-basicity sensor, air acidity detector；
Load monitoring device includes: video camera, dynamic on-ground weigher, strong-motion instrument, anemobiagraph；
Strain transducer includes: electric resistance wire strain gauge, differential type strain gauge, vibrating string extensometer and fibre optic strain sensor；
Vibration measurement sensor uses acceleration transducer.
5. bridge structure monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The major function that Signal acquiring and processing subsystem possesses includes:
(1) signals collecting, it is achieved to the quantization record of Multiple Information Sources difference physical signalling, transmit and manage work；
(2) Signal Pretreatment, detection real-time to signal also processes, to determine current measurement condition；
3) data process, and various primary signals are decomposed, converted, and obtain necessary parameter, and these parametric configurations become certain data structure form, form the monitoring information data base describing bridge state.
6. (4) data communication, it is achieved Monitoring Data exchanges with information with the transmission of system control instruction.
7. bridge structure monitoring system as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Health status and safety evaluation subsystem utilize the characteristic parameter monitoring the bridge structure obtained, and including amount of deflection, amplitude, the natural frequency of vibration, the vibration shape, stress, beam end displacement and the ambient temperature data of bridge structure, carry out the evaluation of bridge structure health state；Analyze the dynamic and static power safety of bridge and the normal usage of bridge and durability: and indirect labor's detection and nondestructiving detecting means identification structure local damage that may be present, forecast that bridge structure changes over and the functional deterioration situation that produces.
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| CN106769157A (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2017-05-31 | 上海喆之信息科技有限公司 | A kind of bridge structure reliability assessment system based on wireless network |
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