CN107032717B - Nickel slag-slag based cementitious material, preparation method and application - Google Patents
Nickel slag-slag based cementitious material, preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN107032717B CN107032717B CN201611010808.3A CN201611010808A CN107032717B CN 107032717 B CN107032717 B CN 107032717B CN 201611010808 A CN201611010808 A CN 201611010808A CN 107032717 B CN107032717 B CN 107032717B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/08—Slag cements
- C04B28/085—Slags from the production of specific alloys, e.g. ferrochrome slags
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
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- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Abstract
A kind of nickel slag-slag based cementitious material, preparation method and application, belongs to cementitious material field.Nickel slag-slag the based cementitious material is prepared from the following materials, according to parts by weight, raw material includes: 500-900 parts of water quenching nickel ground-slags, 100-500 parts of ground granulated blast furnace slags, 320-360 parts of alkali-activators, 10-15 parts of fibers, 0.2-0.3 parts of dispersing agents and 120-160 parts of water.Nickel slag-slag the based cementitious material has the advantages that compression strength height, good toughness, anti-telescopicing performance are strong.Furthermore the invention further relates to a kind of preparation method of nickel slag-slag based cementitious material, this method has the advantages that preparation process is simple, the requirement to equipment and operator is low.The invention also discloses the applications that above-mentioned nickel slag-slag based cementitious material prepares concrete and mortar.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to cementitious material fields, and in particular to a kind of nickel slag-slag based cementitious material, preparation method and
Using.
Background technique
Cement is one of the material that application amount is maximum in inorganic coagulation material, application range is most wide, is widely used in building
It builds, road, dykes and dams, the engineering constructions such as airport, is the important foundation material of the development of the national economy.The production of cement need to consume largely
Resource and the energy, and dust, the CO being discharged in its production process2Etc. harmful substances environment can be caused seriously to pollute, develop
It can reduce resource and energy consumption using novel green cementitious material, reduce environmental pollution, society and economic are held
Supervention exhibition has important reality and far-reaching significance.
Engineering reality can be not only used for using cementitious material prepared by industrial residue, and the useless of pollution environment can be recycled
Slag, therefore have received widespread attention of people in recent years.Water quenching nickel slag is the waste residue of generation during nickel fibers, and blast-furnace cinder is raw
The waste residue generated in iron smelting process contains a certain amount of glass phase component in water quenching nickel slag and blast-furnace cinder, in alkali-activated carbonatite
These substances show hydraulic gelling property under the action of agent, and water quenching nickel slag and blast-furnace cinder can be made for inorganic coagulation material
Preparation.But since water quenching nickel slag and blast-furnace cinder need to be handled using alkali-activator, cementitious material obtained exists steady
Qualitative problem poor, toughness is low, shrinking percentage is big.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of nickel slag-slag based cementitious material, the cementitious material have compression strength it is high,
The strong advantage of good toughness, anti-flexible ability.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation method of nickel slag-slag based cementitious material, this method techniques
Simply, easy to operate, green non-pollution.
The present invention also provides nickel slag-slag based cementitious material applications, are used to prepare concrete or mortar.
The present invention solves its technical problem and adopts the following technical solutions to realize.
The present invention proposes a kind of nickel slag-slag based cementitious material, is prepared from the following materials, according to parts by weight,
Raw material includes: 500-900 parts of water quenching nickel ground-slags, 100-500 parts of ground granulated blast furnace slags, 320-360 parts of alkali-activators, 10-15 parts of fibres
Dimension, 0.2-0.3 parts of dispersing agents and 120-160 parts of water.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, alkali-activator includes waterglass, sodium hydroxide, in sodium carbonate
It is at least one.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, fiber includes fluorubber fiber, polypropylene fibre, asbestos fibre
At least one of.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, fiber carries out impregnation in the aqueous solution of surfactant,
Surfactant includes fluorocarbon surfactant, sulfonate surfactant, at least one in fatty acid surfactant
Kind.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, dispersing agent includes carboxymethyl cellulose, at least one in phosphate
Kind.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the specific surface area of water quenching nickel ground-slag is 300-500m2/ kg, blast furnace
The specific surface area of slag powders is 500-800m2/kg。
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the length of fiber is 8-15mm, and diameter is 30-50 μm.
The present invention proposes a kind of preparation method of nickel slag-slag based cementitious material comprising:
According to parts by weight, 500-900 parts of water quenching nickel ground-slags and 100-500 parts of ground granulated blast furnace slags are uniformly mixed and obtain powder
Material；0.2-0.3 parts of dispersing agents, 10-15 parts of fibers and 120-160 parts of water are uniformly mixed and obtain dispersion fiber solution；
It is mixed and stirred for powder and dispersion fiber solution uniformly to obtain mixture slurry, 320- is added into mixture slurry
360 parts of alkali-activators, and stir 3-5min.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, before preparation dispersion fiber solution, first by fiber in surface-active
Impregnation is carried out in the aqueous solution of agent, surfactant includes fluorocarbon surfactant, sulfonate surfactant, fat
At least one of acids surfactant.
The present invention also proposes a kind of application of above-mentioned nickel slag-slag based cementitious material.
Nickel slag-slag based cementitious material, preparation method and the beneficial effect of application provided by the invention are: the present invention mentions
Nickel slag-slag based cementitious material of confession, using fiber as toughening phase, passes through alkali-activator using water quenching nickel slag and blast-furnace cinder as matrix
So that nickel slag and slag and fiber is sufficiently mixed glue connection with dispersing agent, obtains the biggish cementitious material of structural strength, and its anti-folding is strong
Degree and compression strength are high, resist flexible ability strong.Nickel slag provided by the invention-slag based cementitious material preparation method has technique letter
Single advantage reliable, the requirement to equipment and operator is low.Nickel slag-slag the based cementitious material can be used in concrete and sand
The production of slurry not only saves energy and raw material to reduce the use of cement, while also effectively having recycled useless
Slag avoids waste residue land occupation and pollution environment.
Specific embodiment
It in order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below will be in the embodiment of the present invention
Technical solution be clearly and completely described.The person that is not specified actual conditions in embodiment, according to normal conditions or manufacturer builds
The condition of view carries out.Reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturer is the conventional production that can be obtained by commercially available purchase
Product.
Nickel slag-slag based cementitious material of the embodiment of the present invention, preparation method and application are specifically described below.
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of nickel slag-slag based cementitious materials, are prepared from the following materials, by weight
Number meter, raw material include: 500-900 parts of water quenching nickel ground-slags, 100-500 parts of ground granulated blast furnace slags, 320-360 parts of alkali-activators, 10-
15 parts of fibers, 0.2-0.3 parts of dispersing agents and 120-160 parts of water.
Wherein, water quenching nickel ground-slag is carefully made by the sizing of water quenching nickel, specific surface area 300-500m2/kg；Blast-furnace cinder
Powder is made by blast-furnace cinder is levigate, specific surface area 500-800m2/kg；Alkali-activator include waterglass, sodium hydroxide,
At least one of sodium carbonate；Dispersing agent includes at least one of carboxymethyl cellulose, phosphate；Fiber includes fluorubber fibre
At least one of dimension, polypropylene fibre, asbestos fibre, the length of fiber are 8-15mm, and diameter is 30-50 μm；Fiber is in table
Impregnation is carried out in the aqueous solution of face activating agent, surfactant includes fluorocarbon surfactant, Sulfonates surface-active
At least one of agent, fatty acid surfactant.
Nickel slag-slag based cementitious material provided in an embodiment of the present invention uses water quenching nickel ground-slag, ground granulated blast furnace slag for matrix,
Using fiber as toughening phase, by the chemi-excitation effect of alkali-activator, further reaction forms reticular structure, while being entrained in base
Intracorporal fiber and alkali-activated carbonatite reaction product bonding are integral, and cementitious material is made to have very high structural strength and anti-flexible energy
Power.Dispersing agent can make fiber keep dispersing and uniformly mixing with matrix, guarantee the overall structural strength of cementitious material.It uses
Surfactant pre-processes fiber, and surfactant molecule (ion) can be made to be adsorbed on fiber surface in advance, avoid water
Molecular Adsorption, to reduce the cohesive force between fiber and alkali-activated carbonatite reaction product, reduces cementitious material generation and splits in fiber surface
The probability of line, improves the adhesion strength of fiber and matrix, to improve the structural strength of cementitious material.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of preparation methods of nickel slag-slag based cementitious material comprising following steps:
500-900 parts of water quenching nickel ground-slags and 100-500 parts of ground granulated blast furnace slags are uniformly mixed and obtain powder；By 0.2-0.3
Part dispersing agent, 10-15 parts of fibers and 120-160 parts of water, which are uniformly mixed, obtains dispersion fiber solution；Wherein, preparation dispersion fiber is molten
Before liquid, fiber is first subjected to impregnation in the aqueous solution of surfactant, surfactant includes fluoro-carbon surface active
At least one of agent, sulfonate surfactant, fatty acid surfactant.
It is mixed evenly powder and dispersion fiber solution to obtain mixture slurry, alkali-activated carbonatite is added into mixture slurry
Agent, and stir 3-5min.
The preparation method of nickel slag-slag based cementitious material provided in an embodiment of the present invention, can effectively excite water quenching nickel
Glass phase component in slag and blast-furnace cinder, and make the combination of itself and fibre compact, and make full use of tenacity of fibre and resist flexible
The strong advantage of ability is effectively raised the shock resistance of cementitious material, while being impregnated using the aqueous solution of surfactant
Fiber can make the adsorption surfactant molecule (ion) of fiber, and the alkali improved in water quenching nickel slag and blast-furnace cinder swashs
The cohesive force between reaction product and fiber is sent out, to further increase the structural strength and anti-flexible ability of cementitious material.
The invention also discloses the applications that above-mentioned nickel slag-slag based cementitious material is used to prepare concrete or mortar, use
Above-mentioned nickel slag-slag based cementitious material preparation concrete or mortar have structural strength big, and anti-crack ability is strong, preparation process letter
Single, efficient and convenient advantage.
Feature and performance of the invention are described in further detail with reference to embodiments.
Embodiment 1
A kind of nickel slag-slag based cementitious material is present embodiments provided, preparation step is as follows:
S101, stock: prepare 500g water quenching nickel ground-slag, 500g ground granulated blast furnace slag, 350g waterglass, 15g polypropylene fibre,
0.3g carboxymethyl cellulose, 150g water.Wherein, the specific surface area of water quenching nickel ground-slag is 450m2/kg；The ratio table of ground granulated blast furnace slag
Area is 600m2/ kg, the length of polypropylene fibre are 15mm, and diameter is 32 μm.
S102, it prepares powder: 500g water quenching nickel ground-slag and 500g ground granulated blast furnace slag being uniformly mixed and obtain powder.
S103, preparation dispersion fiber solution: 0.3g carboxymethyl cellulose, 15g polypropylene fibre and 150g water are mixed equal
It is even to obtain dispersion fiber solution.
S104, preparation cementitious material: it is mixed evenly powder and dispersion fiber solution to obtain mixture slurry, to mixing
350g waterglass is added in slurry, and stirs 4min.
Embodiment 2
A kind of nickel slag-slag based cementitious material is present embodiments provided, preparation step is as follows:
S201, stock: prepare 600g water quenching nickel ground-slag, 400g ground granulated blast furnace slag, 300g waterglass, 20g sodium hydroxide,
10g fluorubber fiber, 0.2g carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.1g sodium pyrophosphate, 160g water.Wherein, the specific surface area of water quenching nickel ground-slag
For 400m2/kg；The specific surface area of ground granulated blast furnace slag is 550m2/ kg, the length of fluorubber fiber are 8mm, and diameter is 30 μm.
S202, it prepares powder: 600g water quenching nickel ground-slag and 400g ground granulated blast furnace slag being uniformly mixed and obtain powder.
S203, preparation dispersion fiber solution: 0.2g carboxymethyl cellulose, 0.1g sodium pyrophosphate, 10g fluorubber fiber and
160g water, which is uniformly mixed, obtains dispersion fiber solution；Wherein, preparation dispersion fiber solution before, first by fluorubber fiber yin from
Impregnation is carried out in the aqueous solution of sub- fluorocarbon surfactant, the mass concentration of fluorocarbon surfactant aqueous solution is
0.02%.
S204, preparation cementitious material: it is mixed evenly powder and dispersion fiber solution to obtain mixture slurry, to mixing
300g waterglass and 20g sodium hydroxide are added in slurry, and stirs 5min.
Embodiment 3
A kind of nickel slag-slag based cementitious material is present embodiments provided, preparation step is as follows:
S301, stock: prepare 700g water quenching nickel ground-slag, 300g ground granulated blast furnace slag, 280g waterglass, 60g sodium carbonate, 12g
Polypropylene fibre, 0.2g sodium tripolyphosphate, 150g water.Wherein, the specific surface area of water quenching nickel ground-slag is 500m2/kg；Blast-furnace cinder
The specific surface area of powder is 750m2/ kg, the length of polypropylene fibre are 12mm, and diameter is 35 μm.
S302, it prepares powder: 700g water quenching nickel ground-slag and 300g ground granulated blast furnace slag being uniformly mixed and obtain powder.
S303, preparation dispersion fiber solution: 0.2g sodium tripolyphosphate, 12g polypropylene fibre and 150g water are uniformly mixed
Obtain dispersion fiber solution；Wherein, before preparation dispersion fiber solution, first by 12g polypropylene fibre in dodecyl sodium sulfate
Aqueous solution in carry out impregnation, the concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate aqueous solution is 1%.
S304, preparation cementitious material: it is mixed evenly powder and dispersion fiber solution to obtain mixture slurry, to mixing
280g waterglass and 60g sodium carbonate are added in slurry, and stirs 3min.
Embodiment 4
A kind of nickel slag-slag based cementitious material is present embodiments provided, preparation step is as follows:
S401, stock: prepare 800g water quenching nickel ground-slag, 200g ground granulated blast furnace slag, 320g waterglass, 15g asbestos fibre,
0.3g sodium metaphosphate, 120g water.Wherein, the specific surface area of water quenching nickel ground-slag is 350m2/kg；The specific surface area of ground granulated blast furnace slag
For 800m2/ kg, the length of asbestos fibre are 10mm, and diameter is 40 μm.
S402, it prepares powder: 800g water quenching nickel ground-slag and 200g ground granulated blast furnace slag being uniformly mixed and obtain powder.
S403, preparation dispersion fiber solution: 0.3g sodium metaphosphate, 15g asbestos fibre and 120g water are uniformly mixed and obtained
Disperse fiber solution；Wherein, before preparation dispersion fiber solution, first 15g asbestos fibre is carried out in the aqueous solution of enuatrol
Impregnation, wherein the mass concentration of aqueous solution sodium oleate is 0.2%.
S404, preparation cementitious material: it is mixed evenly powder and dispersion fiber solution to obtain mixture slurry, to mixing
320g waterglass is added in slurry, and stirs 5min.
Embodiment 5
A kind of nickel slag-slag based cementitious material is present embodiments provided, preparation step is as follows:
S501, stock: prepare 900g water quenching nickel ground-slag, 100g ground granulated blast furnace slag, 300g waterglass, 60g sodium carbonate, 10g
Fluorubber fiber, 5g asbestos fibre, 0.3g carboxymethyl cellulose, 150g water.Wherein, the specific surface area of water quenching nickel ground-slag is
400m2/kg；The specific surface area of ground granulated blast furnace slag is 700m2/ kg, the length of fluorubber fiber are 12mm, and diameter is 30 μm, asbestos
The length of fiber is 12mm, and diameter is 45 μm.
S502, it prepares powder: 900g water quenching nickel ground-slag and 100g ground granulated blast furnace slag being uniformly mixed and obtain powder.
S503, preparation dispersion fiber solution: by 0.3g carboxymethyl cellulose, 10g fluorubber fiber, 5g asbestos fibre and
150g water, which is uniformly mixed, obtains dispersion fiber solution；Wherein, before preparation dispersion fiber solution, first 10g fluorubber fiber is existed
Impregnation in the aqueous solution of fluorocarbon surfactant carries out 5g asbestos fibre at dipping in the aqueous solution of sodium laurate
Reason, wherein the mass concentration of fluorocarbon surfactant aqueous solution is 0.03%, and the mass concentration of sodium laurate aqueous solution is
0.3%.
S504, preparation cementitious material: it is mixed evenly powder and dispersion fiber solution to obtain mixture slurry, to mixing
300g waterglass and 60g sodium carbonate are added in slurry, and stirs 5min.
Embodiment 6
A kind of nickel slag-slag based cementitious material is present embodiments provided, preparation step is as follows:
S601, stock: prepare 500g water quenching nickel ground-slag, 500g ground granulated blast furnace slag, 360g waterglass, 15g fluorubber fiber,
0.3g sodium polyphosphate, 150g water.Wherein, the specific surface area of water quenching nickel ground-slag is 450m2/kg；The specific surface of ground granulated blast furnace slag
Product is 650m2/ kg, the length of fluorubber fiber are 12mm, and diameter is 50 μm.
S602, preparation dispersion fiber solution: 0.3g sodium polyphosphate, 15g fluorubber fiber and 150g water are uniformly mixed
To dispersion fiber solution；Wherein, before preparation dispersion fiber solution, first by 15g fluorubber fiber in fluorocarbon surfactant
Impregnation is carried out in aqueous solution, wherein the mass concentration of fluorocarbon surfactant aqueous solution is 0.025%.
S603, it prepares powder: 500g water quenching nickel ground-slag and 500g ground granulated blast furnace slag being uniformly mixed and obtain powder.
S604, preparation cementitious material: it is mixed evenly powder and dispersion fiber solution to obtain mixture slurry, to mixing
360g waterglass is added in slurry, and stirs 5min.
Embodiment 7
A kind of nickel slag-slag based cementitious material is present embodiments provided, preparation step is as follows:
S701, stock: prepare 500g water quenching nickel ground-slag, 500g ground granulated blast furnace slag, 300g waterglass, 20g sodium hydroxide,
40g sodium carbonate, 15g fluorubber fiber, 0.3g carboxymethyl cellulose, 160g water.Wherein, the specific surface area of water quenching nickel ground-slag is
500m2/kg；The specific surface area of ground granulated blast furnace slag is 800m2/ kg, the length of fluorubber fiber are 15mm, and diameter is 35 μm.
S702, it prepares powder: 500g water quenching nickel ground-slag and 500g ground granulated blast furnace slag being uniformly mixed and obtain powder.
S703, preparation dispersion fiber solution: 0.3g carboxymethyl cellulose, 15g fluorubber fiber and 150g water are uniformly mixed
Obtain dispersion fiber solution；Wherein, before preparation dispersion fiber solution, first by 15g fluorubber fiber in fluorocarbon surfactant
Aqueous solution in carry out impregnation, wherein the mass concentration of fluorocarbon surfactant aqueous solution be 0.05%.
S704, preparation cementitious material: it is mixed evenly powder and dispersion fiber solution to obtain mixture slurry, to mixing
300g waterglass, 20g sodium hydroxide and 40g sodium carbonate are added in slurry, and stirs 5min.
Embodiment 8
A kind of concrete is present embodiments provided, preparation step is: prepared on 850g sand, 1750g stone and 500g
The cementitious material for stating the preparation of embodiment 1, the cementitious material of preparation is mixed with sand, stone, and stirs evenly.
Performance detection is carried out to cementitious material provided by the invention and concrete.
Ruggedness test test: preparation embodiment 1, embodiment 2 ..., embodiment 7, embodiment 8 provide cementitious material and
Concrete is simultaneously conserved, on day 3 age and when the 7th day age detect above-mentioned cementitious material and concrete flexural strength and
Compression strength, testing result are as shown in the table；Detection method is referring to GB/T 17671-1999 Test method for strength of hydraulic cement mortar.
It can see from upper table, the inorganic green cementing material prepared using water quenching nickel slag and blast-furnace cinder as primary raw material
Compression strength and flexural strength are higher, meet requirement of the conventional project construction to cementitious material intensity, and the inorganic green glue
The popularization and application of gel material can largely consume the industrial residues such as water quenching nickel slag, blast-furnace cinder, can be good at reducing making for cement
With to protect environment.
Embodiments described above is a part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Reality of the invention
The detailed description for applying example is not intended to limit the range of claimed invention, but is merely representative of selected implementation of the invention
Example.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts
Every other embodiment, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of nickel slag-slag based cementitious material, which is characterized in that it is prepared from the following materials, according to parts by weight, institute
Stating raw material includes:
The fiber includes at least one of fluorubber fiber, polypropylene fibre, asbestos fibre；
The fiber carries out impregnation in the aqueous solution of surfactant, and the surfactant includes fluoro-carbon surface active
At least one of agent, sulfonate surfactant, fatty acid surfactant.
2. nickel slag-slag based cementitious material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the alkali-activator includes water glass
At least one of glass, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate.
3. nickel slag-slag based cementitious material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the dispersing agent includes carboxymethyl
At least one of cellulose, phosphate.
4. nickel slag-slag based cementitious material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the ratio table of the water quenching nickel ground-slag
Area is 300-500m2/ kg, the specific surface area of the ground granulated blast furnace slag are 500-800m2/kg。
5. nickel slag-slag based cementitious material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the length of the fiber is 8-
15mm, diameter are 30-50 μm.
6. a kind of preparation method of nickel slag-slag based cementitious material as described in claim 1, characterized in that it comprises:
According to parts by weight, 500-900 parts of water quenching nickel ground-slags and 100-500 parts of ground granulated blast furnace slags are uniformly mixed and obtain powder；
0.2-0.3 parts of dispersing agents, 10-15 parts of fibers and 120-160 parts of water are uniformly mixed and obtain dispersion fiber solution；
It is mixed and stirred for the powder and the dispersion fiber solution uniformly to obtain mixture slurry, add in Xiang Suoshu mixture slurry
Enter 320-360 parts of alkali-activators, and stirs 3-5min；Before preparing the dispersion fiber solution, first by the fiber on surface
Impregnation is carried out in the aqueous solution of activating agent, the surfactant includes fluorocarbon surfactant, the work of Sulfonates surface
At least one of property agent, fatty acid surfactant.
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| CN111559901B (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2022-04-15 | 童昕 | Alkali-activated recycled nickel slag cement concrete |
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