CN107032338B - A kind of method of continuous discharge-induced explosion parallel off preparing graphite alkene - Google Patents
A kind of method of continuous discharge-induced explosion parallel off preparing graphite alkene Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to grapheme material preparation field, and in particular to a kind of method of continuous discharge-induced explosion parallel off preparing graphite alkene.Graphite powder and paraffin are thermally formed liquid dispersion in advance first, then continuously sprayed to by high-pressure atomization between two electrodes pre-set, atomization graphite occurs Explosive Solutions under heavy impulse current effect and is cleaved into graphene, later fall into chilling pond, be fixed as in the paraffin that chilling is condensed under graphene is completely dispersed state powdered.The present invention realizes continuous parallel off and prepares graphene, and effectively overcomes the reunion of graphene, and obtained graphene has good dispersiveness in plastics, rubber.This method peels off graphene by high pressure draught and electric current blast, can not only efficiently utilize raw material, reduce cost, and preparation process is simple, does not introduce impurity.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to grapheme material preparation field, and in particular to a kind of continuous discharge-induced explosion parallel off preparing graphite alkene
Method.
Background technology
Come into the graphene in the popular visual field suddenly because of the Nobel Prize, be intensity highest material known to the mankind.Graphite
Alkene is the graphite film of monoatomic layer, and its lattice is the bi-dimensional cellular structure being made up of carbon atom.The material has many novelties
Physical characteristic, it is to be currently known the best material of electric conductivity at normal temperatures, and the movement velocity of electronics wherein reaches
The 1/300 of the light velocity, considerably beyond general conductor.In addition, it also can use graphene manufacture composite, battery/super capacitor, storage
Hydrogen material, field emmision material, hypersensor etc..
The preparation method of graphene mainly includes chemical vapour deposition technique, oxidation intercalation restores method, liquid phase stripping method, machine
Tool stripping method.Wherein chemical vapour deposition technique can obtain the graphene of high quality, but low yield, require high to substrate, turn
Move and greatly difficulty be present；Oxidation intercalation, which restores method, can realize batch production graphene, but due to stone in oxidizing process
The structure of black alkene is destroyed, it is difficult to obtains the graphene product of high quality；Liquid phase stripping method is in a suitable solvent, to utilize
Ultrasonic energy dissociates to graphite flake layer, is difficult to remove asking for residual solvent however, solvent stripping method prepares graphene presence
Topic, and solvent stripping yield is general very low.By contrast, mechanical stripping method is that one kind can prepare high quality stone with low cost
The simple and easy method of black alkene.However, directly mechanical stripping efficiency is low, high energy consumption, obtained graphene number of plies distribution is not
, quality stability is poor.
Chinese invention patent application number 201510230893.3 discloses a kind of prepares grapheme material using discharge-induced explosion
Method, graphite rod is fixed between electrode；Distilled water is added into discharge-induced explosion tank, discharge-induced explosion tank is sealed；To discharge-induced explosion system
High-voltage capacitance group charging in system, it is rear to start discharge-induced explosion system；Electric discharge opens discharge-induced explosion tank after terminating, and collects in discharge-induced explosion tank
Suspension；Stand, filter after suspension is carried out into ultrasonic disperse processing；Hydrochloric acid is added into filtrate, filters, washs to neutrality,
Vacuum drying obtains the grapheme material.But this discharge-induced explosion prepares graphene method and can only be interrupted work in blasting cartridge
Make, cause preparation process discontinuous.
Chinese invention patent application number 201510230895.2 discloses one kind and prepares nitrogen-doped graphene using discharge-induced explosion
The method of material, belong to technology field.Methods described is that graphite rod is fixed on into electricity after assembling and debugging discharge-induced explosion system
Between pole；Nitrogen source solution is added into discharge-induced explosion tank, discharge-induced explosion tank is sealed；High-voltage capacitance group into discharge-induced explosion system is filled
Electricity, it is rear to start discharge-induced explosion system；Electric discharge opens discharge-induced explosion tank after terminating, and collects the suspension in discharge-induced explosion tank；Suspension is entered
Stand, filter after the processing of row ultrasonic disperse；Hydrochloric acid is added into filtrate, is filtered, washs to neutrality, vacuum drying and obtains the nitrogen
Doped graphene material.But the program needs liquid phase environment, cause graphenic surface to carry impurity, reduce graphene performance.
Chinese invention patent application number 201210160242.8 discloses a kind of method that blast prepares graphene, first
Reactor interior sealing is added to after decomposition explosion material is mixed with expanded graphite, then reactor is heated to 400 DEG C~600
DEG C, kept for 3~5 minutes, naturally cool to room temperature, collected product, obtain the graphene.But this method needs decomposition explosion
Property material, has potential safety hazard, and the impurity of explosive substance can also influence the performance of graphene for operating personnel.
In summary, had using discharge-induced explosion and do not introduce the advantageous of chemical impurity, but be the failure to realize continuous production.And
And obtained graphene is difficult to effectively disperse, therefore, there is presently no a kind of continuous discharge-induced explosion parallel off preparing graphite alkene
Method.
The content of the invention
For exploding in the prior art, parallel off preparing graphite alkene process is discontinuous, requires higher to preparing environmental condition
The defects of, graphene is difficult to the defects of scattered, and the present invention proposes a kind of method of continuous discharge-induced explosion parallel off preparing graphite alkene,
By the way that by paraffin melting and the continuous injection of graphite atomization, between electrode, graphite occurs Explosive Solutions under heavy impulse current effect and split
Into graphene, chilling pond is later fallen into, the wax that chilling is condensed in the case where graphene is completely dispersed state is fixed as powdered.Not only
Realize continuous parallel off and prepare graphene, and effectively overcome the reunion of graphene, obtained graphene is in plastics, rubber
With good dispersiveness.
To solve the above problems, the present invention uses following technical scheme：
A kind of method of continuous discharge-induced explosion parallel off preparing graphite alkene, using graphite powder as raw material, paraffin is as stone
Black alkene surface protectant, comprises the following steps：
（1）Graphite powder is cleaned, after removing impurity, argon gas protection is dried for standby；
（2）Graphite powder material and paraffin are mixed and are put into milling apparatus, the temperature of milling apparatus is set to 60~100
DEG C, grinding rate is 20~50 rpm/min, by heating paraffin, forms liquid, thinner solid product is obtained after grinding
For graphite fine powder, and graphite powder material is dispersed in liquid paraffin, obtains graphite powder paraffin homogeneous dispersion；
（3）The graphite powder paraffin homogeneous dispersion is atomized with high pressure draught, between spraying to two electrodes pre-set,
10-20 A alternating current is provided between two electrode, the graphite powder paraffin homogeneous dispersion acts in heavy impulse current
Under, blast is cracked into graphene, then falls into chilling pond, and graphene in paraffin, forms stable graphene material by rapid condensation
Material.
Preferably, the graphite powder material is crystalline flake graphite, expanded graphite, highly oriented graphite, thermal cracking graphite, oxidation stone
At least one of ink.
Preferably, the paraffin is any one in fully refined paraffin wax, semi-refined paraffin wax and scale wax.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the graphite powder and paraffin is 1:0.1-1.
Preferably, the cleaning graphite powder comprises the following steps：
Ultrasound 0.5 ~ 1 minute first in HF solution, removes graphite surface impurity, finally with deionized water rinsing, removes
HF Liquid Residues, graphite powder is dried under 80 ~ 90 DEG C of argon gas protection；The HF solution concentrations are 3.5 ~ 5%；The argon gas protection
Dry argon gas is that purity is 99.9%, and the ambient pressure of argon gas is 100 ~ 1000 Pa.
Preferably, the milling apparatus is ball mill, sand mill or engagement screws extruder in the same direction.
Preferably, the spout pressure of the high pressure draught is 0.08-0.12MPa, and exit velocity is 20.8-24.4 meter per seconds.
Preferably, the length of described two electrodes is that the distance between 1-2 rice, two-plate is 10-20cm, and material is anaerobic
Any one in copper coin, anaerobic nickel plate, anaerobic platinum sheet, anaerobic zine plate.
Preferably, the alternating electric field between described two electrodes is that voltage is 1-5KV, alternative frequency 100Hz-1MHz.
Preferably, the temperature in the chilling pond be liquid nitrogen control -50 ~ -10 DEG C.
The present invention proposes a kind of method of continuous discharge-induced explosion parallel off preparing graphite alkene, and compared with prior art, it is prominent
The characteristics of going out and excellent effect are：
1st, the present invention provides a kind of method of continuous discharge-induced explosion parallel off preparing graphite alkene, continuous by that will be atomized graphite
Injection is between electrode, and generation Explosive Solutions are cleaved into graphene under heavy impulse current effect
2nd, the present invention is cold by the graphene dispersion of complete blast stripping, further quick chilling using paraffin as liquid
Solidifying wax is fixed as powdered, effectively overcomes the reunion of graphene, and obtained graphene has good in plastics, rubber
Dispersiveness.
3rd, the present invention is not directed to chemically react in preparation process, avoids destruction of the chemical reaction to graphene-structured,
The product quality of acquisition is higher, environment is polluted few.
3rd, reaction condition of the present invention is controllable, and raw materials for production are recyclable, and preparation efficiency is high, and production cost reduces, and possesses continuous
Large-scale industrial production condition.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is scattered electron microscope of the obtained graphene of the embodiment of the present invention 1 in butadiene-styrene rubber.
Embodiment
Below by way of embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but this should not be interpreted as to the present invention
Scope be only limitted to following example.In the case where not departing from above method thought of the present invention, according to ordinary skill
The various replacements or change that knowledge and customary means are made, should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
（1）Mass ratio is used as 1:0.8 crystalline graphite powder and fully refined paraffin wax are raw material, and fully refined paraffin wax is as graphite
Alkene surface protectant, by crystalline graphite powder solution concentration be 5% HF solution in ultrasound 1 minute, remove graphite surface impurity,
Deionized water rinsing is finally used, removes HF Liquid Residues, is 1000 Pa in ambient pressure, the argon gas that 80 DEG C of purity are 99.9% is protected
Lower drying graphite powder, after removing impurity, argon gas protection is dried for standby；
（2）Graphite powder material and paraffin are mixed and are put into ball mill, the temperature of ball mill is set to 60 DEG C, grinding rate
For 50 rpm/min, by heating paraffin, liquid is formed, it is graphite fine powder that thinner solid product is obtained after grinding, and
Graphite powder material is dispersed in liquid paraffin, obtains graphite powder paraffin homogeneous dispersion；
（3）The graphite powder paraffin homogeneous dispersion is atomized with high pressure draught, the spout pressure of high pressure draught is
0.08MPa, exit velocity is 24.4 meter per seconds, and between spraying to two electrodes pre-set, electrode material is no-oxygen copper plate, two
The length of no-oxygen copper plate is 1 meter, and the distance between two-plate is 20cm, and 20 A alternation electricity is provided between two no-oxygen copper plate
Stream, for the graphite powder paraffin homogeneous dispersion under heavy impulse current effect, blast is cracked into graphene, then falls into chilling
Pond, the temperature in chilling pond is -10 DEG C, and graphene in paraffin, forms stable grapheme material by rapid condensation.
After carrying out performance test to the graphene prepared in embodiment, it is as shown in table 1 to obtain data.
Embodiment 2
（1）Mass ratio is used as 1:1 thermal cracking graphite powder and fully refined paraffin wax are raw material, and fully refined paraffin wax is as graphite
Alkene surface protectant, by thermal cracking graphite powder solution concentration be 3.5% HF solution in ultrasound 0.5 minute, remove thermal cracking stone
Black surface impurity, finally with deionized water rinsing, HF Liquid Residues are removed, be 100 Pa in ambient pressure, 90 DEG C of purity are 99.9%
The lower drying thermal cracking graphite powder of argon gas protection, after removing impurity, argon gas protection is dried for standby；
（2）Thermal cracking graphite powder material and paraffin are mixed and are put into sand mill, sets the temperature of sand mill to be ground to 80 DEG C
Mill speed is 25 rpm/min, by heating paraffin, forms liquid, it is thin for graphite that thinner solid product is obtained after grinding
Powder, and graphite powder material is dispersed in liquid paraffin, obtains graphite powder paraffin homogeneous dispersion；
（3）The graphite powder paraffin homogeneous dispersion is atomized with high pressure draught, the spout pressure of high pressure draught is
0.09MPa, exit velocity is 21 meter per seconds, and between spraying to two electrodes pre-set, electrode material is no-oxygen copper plate, two nothings
The length of oxygen copper coin is 2 meters, and the distance between two-plate is 12cm, and 15 A alternation electricity is provided between two no-oxygen copper plate
Stream, for the graphite powder paraffin homogeneous dispersion under heavy impulse current effect, blast is cracked into graphene, then falls into chilling
Pond, the temperature in chilling pond is -15 DEG C, and graphene in paraffin, forms stable grapheme material by rapid condensation.
After carrying out performance test to the graphene prepared in embodiment, it is as shown in table 1 to obtain data.
Embodiment 3
（1）Mass ratio is used as 1:0.5 graphite oxide powder is raw material with scale wax, and scale wax is protected as graphenic surface
Protect agent, by graphite oxide powder solution concentration be 4.5% HF solution in ultrasound 0.7 minute, remove graphite oxide surface impurity,
Deionized water rinsing is finally used, removes HF Liquid Residues, is 500 Pa in ambient pressure, the argon gas that 85 DEG C of purity are 99.9% is protected
Lower drying graphite powder, after removing impurity, argon gas protection is dried for standby；
（2）Graphite oxide powder material and scale wax are mixed and are put into engagement screws extruder in the same direction, engagement in the same direction is set
For the temperature of screw extruder to 100 DEG C, extruded velocity is 30 rpm/min, by heating paraffin, forms liquid, is obtained after extrusion
It is graphite fine powder to obtain thinner solid product, and graphite powder material is dispersed in liquid paraffin, obtains graphite powder paraffin
Homogeneous dispersion；
（3）The graphite powder paraffin homogeneous dispersion is atomized with high pressure draught, the spout pressure of high pressure draught is
0.1MPa, exit velocity is 22.4 meter per seconds, and between spraying to two electrodes pre-set, electrode material is anaerobic nickel plate, two nothings
The length of oxygen nickel plate is 1.5 meters, and the distance between two-plate is 20cm, and 15 A alternation electricity is provided between the two anaerobics nickel plate
Stream, for the graphite powder paraffin homogeneous dispersion under heavy impulse current effect, blast is cracked into graphene, then falls into chilling
Pond, the temperature in chilling pond is -30 DEG C, and graphene in paraffin, forms stable grapheme material by rapid condensation.
After carrying out performance test to the graphene prepared in embodiment, it is as shown in table 1 to obtain data.The stone that will be obtained
Black alkene makes an addition to the direct banburying of butadiene-styrene rubber with 5% ratio and is kneaded 5min, its dispersiveness is tested using Electronic Speculum, such as the Electronic Speculum of accompanying drawing 1
Shown in figure, graphene has good dispersiveness with butadiene-styrene rubber, and routinely equipment and technique are that disperseing for graphene can be achieved.
Embodiment 4
（1）Mass ratio is used as 1:0.3 expanded graphite powder and semi-refined paraffin wax are raw material, and semi-refined paraffin wax is as graphite
Alkene surface protectant, by expanded graphite powder, ultrasound 0.7 minute, removal graphite surface are miscellaneous in the HF solution that solution concentration is 4%
Matter, finally with deionized water rinsing, HF Liquid Residues are removed, be 500 Pa in ambient pressure, the argon gas that 85 DEG C of purity are 99.9% is protected
The lower drying graphite powder of shield, after removing impurity, argon gas protection is dried for standby；
（2）Expanded graphite powder material and paraffin are mixed and are put into reverse engagement screws extruder, reversely engagement spiral shell is set
For the temperature of bar extruder to 85 DEG C, extruded velocity is 40 rpm/min, by heating paraffin, forms liquid, is obtained after grinding
Thinner solid product is graphite fine powder, and graphite powder material is dispersed in liquid paraffin, and it is equal to obtain graphite powder paraffin
Even dispersion；
（3）The graphite powder paraffin homogeneous dispersion is atomized with high pressure draught, the spout pressure of high pressure draught is
0.11MPa, exit velocity is 22 meter per seconds, and between spraying to two electrodes pre-set, electrode material is anaerobic zine plate, two nothings
The length of oxygen zine plate is 1.6 meters, and the distance between two-plate is 18cm, and 12 A alternation electricity is provided between the two anaerobics zine plate
Stream, for the graphite powder paraffin homogeneous dispersion under heavy impulse current effect, blast is cracked into graphene, then falls into chilling
Pond, the temperature in chilling pond is -50 DEG C, and graphene in paraffin, forms stable grapheme material by rapid condensation.
After carrying out performance test to the graphene prepared in embodiment, it is as shown in table 1 to obtain data.
Embodiment 5
（1）Mass ratio is used as 1:0.8 crystalline flake graphite is raw material with thermal cracking graphite mixed powder and fully refined paraffin wax,
Fully refined paraffin wax as graphenic surface protective agent, by mixing graphite powder in the HF solution that solution concentration is 5% 0.5 point of ultrasound
Clock, graphite surface impurity is removed, finally with deionized water rinsing, remove HF Liquid Residues, be 1000 Pa in ambient pressure, 89 DEG C
The lower drying graphite powder of argon gas protection that purity is 99.9%, after removing impurity, argon gas protection is dried for standby；
（2）Graphite powder material and paraffin are mixed and are put into ball mill, the temperature of ball mill is set to 90 DEG C, grinding rate
For 20 rpm/min, by heating paraffin, liquid is formed, it is graphite fine powder that thinner solid product is obtained after grinding, and
Graphite powder material is dispersed in liquid paraffin, obtains graphite powder paraffin homogeneous dispersion；
（3）The graphite powder paraffin homogeneous dispersion is atomized with high pressure draught, the spout pressure of high pressure draught is
0.08MPa, exit velocity is 21 meter per seconds, and between spraying to two electrodes pre-set, electrode material is anaerobic platinum sheet, two nothings
The length of oxygen platinum sheet is 1.2 meters, and the distance between two-plate is 18cm, and 20 A alternation electricity is provided between the two anaerobics platinum sheet
Stream, for the graphite powder paraffin homogeneous dispersion under heavy impulse current effect, blast is cracked into graphene, then falls into chilling
Pond, the temperature in chilling pond is -45 DEG C, and graphene in paraffin, forms stable grapheme material by rapid condensation.
After carrying out performance test to the graphene prepared in embodiment, it is as shown in table 1 to obtain data.
Table 1：
| Performance indications | 90% graphene thickness | Charge stripping efficiency | It is dispersed in butadiene-styrene rubber |
| Embodiment one | 0.5-2nm | 34.5% | Well |
| Embodiment two | 1.5-2nm | 33.4% | Well |
| Embodiment three | 0.8-1.6nm | 30.8% | Well |
| Example IV | 2.5-3.7nm | 37.1% | Well |
| Embodiment five | 2.9-4.0nm | 42.1% | Well |
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of continuous discharge-induced explosion parallel off preparing graphite alkene, using graphite powder as raw material, paraffin is as graphite
Alkene surface protectant, comprises the following steps：
（1）Graphite powder is cleaned, after removing impurity, argon gas protection is dried for standby；
（2）Graphite powder material and paraffin are mixed and are put into milling apparatus, sets the temperature of milling apparatus to be ground to 60~100 DEG C
Mill speed is 20~50rpm, by heating paraffin, forms liquid, and it is graphite fine powder that thinner solid product is obtained after grinding,
And graphite powder material is dispersed in liquid paraffin, graphite powder paraffin homogeneous dispersion is obtained；
（3）The graphite powder paraffin homogeneous dispersion is atomized with high pressure draught, it is described between spraying to two electrodes pre-set
10-20A alternating current is provided between two electrodes, the graphite powder paraffin homogeneous dispersion is quick-fried under heavy impulse current effect
It is fried to be cracked into graphene, chilling pond is then fallen into, graphene in paraffin, forms stable grapheme material by rapid condensation.
A kind of 2. method of continuous discharge-induced explosion parallel off preparing graphite alkene according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Graphite powder material is at least one of crystalline flake graphite, expanded graphite, highly oriented graphite, thermal cracking graphite, graphite oxide.
A kind of 3. method of continuous discharge-induced explosion parallel off preparing graphite alkene according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Paraffin is any one in fully refined paraffin wax, semi-refined paraffin wax and scale wax.
A kind of 4. method of continuous discharge-induced explosion parallel off preparing graphite alkene according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
The mass ratio of graphite powder and paraffin is 1:0.1-1.
A kind of 5. method of continuous discharge-induced explosion parallel off preparing graphite alkene according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Cleaning graphite powder comprises the following steps：
Ultrasound 0.5~1 minute first in HF solution, removes graphite surface impurity, and finally with deionized water rinsing, it is residual to remove HF
Liquid is stayed, graphite powder is dried under 80~90 DEG C of argon gas protection；The HF solution concentrations are 3.5~5%；The argon gas protection is dry
Dry argon gas is that purity is 99.9%, and the ambient pressure of argon gas is 100~1000 Pa.
A kind of 6. method of continuous discharge-induced explosion parallel off preparing graphite alkene according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Milling apparatus is ball mill, sand mill or engagement screws extruder in the same direction.
A kind of 7. method of continuous discharge-induced explosion parallel off preparing graphite alkene according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
The spout pressure of high pressure draught is 0.08-0.12MPa, and exit velocity is 20.8-24.4 meter per seconds.
A kind of 8. method of continuous discharge-induced explosion parallel off preparing graphite alkene according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
The length of two electrodes is that the distance between 1-2 rice, two-plate is 10-20cm, and material is no-oxygen copper plate, anaerobic nickel plate, anaerobic
Any one in platinum sheet, anaerobic zine plate.
A kind of 9. method of continuous discharge-induced explosion parallel off preparing graphite alkene according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described
Alternating electric field between two electrodes is that voltage is 1-5KV, alternative frequency 100Hz-1MHz.
A kind of 10. method of continuous discharge-induced explosion parallel off preparing graphite alkene according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute
The temperature for stating chilling pond is -50~-10 DEG C of liquid nitrogen control.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| RU2804900C1 (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-10-09 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Кубанский государственный технологический университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "КубГТУ") | Method for producing coating on inner surface of hollow part using electrical explosion of conductor. |
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| CN109573978A (en) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-04-05 | 中国石油大学(北京) | Prepare the experimental rig and method of carbon material |
| CN110255530B (en) * | 2019-06-24 | 2023-06-23 | 兰州理工大学 | Device for preparing low-dimensional nano carbon by restraining electric explosion graphite |
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| CN107032338A (en) | 2017-08-11 |
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