CN107031076B - 空心帽式面板生产中抽取心轴的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本文公开了一种面板,所述面板使用位于加强构件内部的心轴形成。所述面板可联接至面板固持夹具。绞盘可联接至所述心轴。所述绞盘可将所述心轴从所述加强构件牵引出来,以及将所述心轴牵引到曲线轨道中。
Description
技术领域
本公开涉及飞机发动机短舱,且更确切地说,涉及用于复合材料飞机短舱部件的制造设备和方法。
发明背景
用于飞机短舱的许多部件使用复合材料进行制造。与传统金属相比,复合材料趋向于具有高强度重量比的优势。复合材料的用途的一个特定应用是用于制造面板。一种类型的面板可能包括具有由复合材料形成的多个层流层的单层外壳,所述复合材料诸如嵌在树脂基体中的具有高抗拉强度的石墨或者芳香族聚酰胺纤维。一个或多个加强构件可能从外壳的内(非空气动力学)表面延伸,从而为面板提供额外的强度,所述加强构件由于其截面形状有时也被称作“空心帽”。在一些情况下,使用心轴来形成加强构件的形状,并且利用心轴将复合材料外壳和加强构件共同固化在适当位置处。在固化过程之后,将心轴从面板移除。然而,在固化过程之后,心轴与面板之间可能存在大量的摩擦,并且可能无法以将对固化的面板或心轴的损坏几率降至最低的一致方式移除心轴。
发明概要
一种制造具有围绕可移除心轴形成的至少一个加强构件的复合面板的方法,所述方法包括:通过将外壳和空心加强构件共同固化以使得其形成一体式结构来形成固化的复合面板;将所述固化的复合面板联接至面板固持夹具;将夹钳联接至位于固化的复合面板的外壳与空心加强构件之间的心轴;以及操作绞盘以从固化的复合面板抽取心轴。
在各种实施方案中,所述方法可能包括将心轴牵引到曲线轨道中。固化的复合面板可夹紧至面板固持夹具。曲线轨道的高度可进行调整。可使用绞盘同时从固化的复合面板牵引多个心轴。所述绞盘可使用手动曲柄进行操作。所述绞盘可能包括多个线轴。
一种制造具有围绕可移除心轴形成的至少一个加强构件的复合面板的方法,所述方法包括:对加强构件内具有第一心轴的复合面板进行固化;将所述复合面板联接至面板固持夹具;将心轴抽取夹具定位靠近面板固持夹具,所述心轴抽取夹具上具有用于接收第一心轴的曲线轨道;以及从加强构件抽取第一心轴,以使得第一心轴被支撑在曲线轨道上。
在各种实施方案中,所述方法可能包括将第一心轴牵引到曲线轨道中。可将绞盘联接至复合面板中的第二心轴。可同时抽取第一心轴和第二心轴。曲线轨道的高度可进行调整。将绞盘联接至第二心轴可能包括将夹钳联接至第二心轴。将绞盘联接至第一心轴可能包括将皮带联接至夹钳。
附图简述
本说明书的结论部分特别指出并且明确地要求保护本公开的主题。然而,结合附图并通过参考具体实施方式和权利要求书可最好地获得对本公开更为完整的理解,其中在附图中相同的数字表示相同的元件。
图1图示推进系统及其元件;
图2A图示根据各种实施方案的面板固持夹具的透视图;
图2B图示根据各种实施方案的加强构件中的心轴的透视图;
图3图示根据各种实施方案的心轴抽取夹具的透视图;
图4图示根据各种实施方案的绞盘的透视图;
图5图示根据各种实施方案的心轴夹钳的透视图;
图6图示根据各种实施方案的被从面板移除的多个心轴的透视图;并且
图7图示根据各种实施方案的用于移除心轴的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
本文中的各种实施方案的具体实施方式参考了附图,所述附图通过说明的方式示出各种实施方案。虽然充分详细地描述了这些不同的实施方案以允许本领域技术人员实践本发明,但是应理解的是,也可实现其它实施方案,并且可根据本发明和本文的教示对设计和构造做出逻辑变化和适应。因此,本文的具体实施方式仅被呈现用于说明而非限制性的目的。本发明的范围由所附权利要求进行定义。例如,方法描述或过程描述中的任何一个中所叙述的步骤可以任何顺序实施,并且不一定限于所呈现的顺序。另外,对单数的任何提及包括复数个实施方案,并且对一个以上部件或步骤的任何提及可包括单数个实施方案或步骤。而且,对附接、固定、连接等的任何提及可能包括永久的、可移除的、暂时的、部分的、全部的和/或任何其它可能的附接选择。另外,对不接触(或类似短语)的任何提及可能也包括减少接触或最小接触。
心轴抽取系统可能包括面板固持夹具、心轴抽取夹具和绞盘。坚硬的、固化面板可放置在面板固持夹具中。一个或多个夹钳可将固化的面板保持固定。将固化的面板放置在一个取向上,以使得加强构件是水平的。固化的面板可搁置在曲面面板的曲线边缘上。绞盘可附接至仍然位于面板的加强构件内部的心轴。夹钳可夹在心轴的末端处,并且联接至夹钳的皮带或缆绳可使用手动曲柄或绞盘马达围绕绞盘缠绕。绞盘可包括多个皮带,从而允许同时抽取多个心轴。心轴可牵引到心轴抽取夹具上。心轴抽取夹具可包括轨道或槽沟,随着从固化的面板抽取心轴,所述轨道或槽沟可对心轴进行引导和固持。轨道可能是曲线的,以使得心轴维持与面板的形状类似的曲线形状。
参考图1,图示根据各种实施方案的用于燃气涡轮发动机的短舱110。短舱110可能包括入口111、风扇罩112和推力反向器113。短舱110可以联接至外挂架114,所述外挂架114可将短舱110安装至飞机机翼或飞机主体。
参考图2A,图示根据各种实施方案的安装在面板固持夹具220上的面板210的透视图。在各种实施方案中,面板210可能是风扇罩面板,并且面板固持夹具220可能是风扇罩固持夹具。面板固持夹具220可能包括基底222和多个立柱224。基底222可能是曲面的,以容纳面板210的形状。立柱224在轨道225上可能是可调的,以容纳不同的面板形状。面板固持夹具220可能包括多个夹钳226。夹钳226可联接至立柱224。夹钳226可被配置用于夹紧至面板210,从而将面板210保持在适当位置处。夹钳226可沿立柱224进行垂直调整。另外,夹钳可被旋转至面板固持夹具220的内部来固持较小的面板。
面板210可能包括具有加强构件212的曲面面板。可对面板210进行定向,以使得加强构件212被水平地定向(例如,平行于地面)。加强构件212可由围绕心轴214的复合材料外壳形成。加强构件212可使用定位在加强构件212内的心轴214进行固化。心轴214可能包括细长的橡胶或其它弹性体部件,所述部件被配置成在面板210固化之后从加强构件212移除。心轴214的一部分可能延伸到加强构件212的末端以外,以允许接近心轴214进行移除。加强构件212的水平取向可允许更加容易地移除心轴214。加强构件212可以被称作“空心帽”。
参考图2B,图示根据各种实施方案的空心加强构件16中的心轴52的透视图。面板的外壳12可能包括第一层34和第二层38。第一层34和第二层38可能分别包括由树脂基体结合在一起的织物形成的一个或多个复合材料层。所述面板可能包括加强构件16。可通过在第一层34与第二层38之间放置心轴52来形成加强构件16。第一层34和第二层38可能与心轴52共同固化在适当位置处,以便形成加强构件16。加强构件16可能采取心轴52的形状,可能包括平坦侧54和成角度侧36。外壳12可能固化在铺砌心轴32上,以提供外壳12的大体形状。在固化过程期间,第一层34和第二层38可结构性地一起结合成一体式结构。
参考图3,图示根据各种实施方案的联接至面板固持夹具220的心轴抽取夹具320的透视图。心轴抽取夹具320可能包括曲面基底322。多个立柱324可联接至曲面基底322。多个水平曲线轨道326可联接至立柱324。曲线轨道326可被配置用于随着心轴被从面板210移除对心轴进行支撑。立柱324可能包括安装轨道325。曲线轨道326可联接至安装轨道325上的不同高度处,以对应于面板210上的加强构件的高度。可调支架327可联接至曲面基底322。可调支架327可升高或降下,以调整曲线轨道326的高度。绞盘330可联接至曲面基底322。绞盘330可能包括多个线轴332。绞盘330可由手动曲柄334或马达336进行操作。
参考图4,图示根据各种实施方案的绞盘330的透视图。可转动手动曲柄334,以便卷拢或放开线轴332上的皮带335。绞盘330可同时操作多个线轴332,以便同时移除多个心轴。
参考图5,图示根据各种实施方案的心轴夹钳510的透视图。心轴夹钳510可联接至心轴214。心轴夹钳510可包括附接环512。夹子514可联接至附接环512。夹子514可联接至可由绞盘操作的皮带或缆绳。当操作绞盘时,绞盘可将心轴214从加强构件212牵引出去。
参考图6,图示根据各种实施方案的被移除的两个心轴214的透视图。皮带335可牵引联接至心轴214的心轴夹钳510。心轴214可被牵引到曲线轨道326中。心轴214可在曲线轨道326中保持曲线形状,以防止心轴214变形。
参考图7,图示根据各种实施方案的用于移除心轴的方法700的流程图。可将面板联接至固持夹具(步骤710)。在各种实施方案中,面板可夹紧至固持夹具。可对面板进行定向,以使得加强构件是水平的,即平行于地面。可对心轴抽取夹具中的轨道进行调整,以对应于心轴的高度(步骤720)。可将心轴夹钳联接至面板中的加强构件中的心轴(步骤730)。在各种实施方案中,心轴夹钳可联接至面板中的每一心轴。可操作绞盘来将心轴从加强构件牵引出去(步骤740)。可将心轴牵引到心轴抽取夹具中的轨道中。可将夹钳从心轴分离,并且可将夹钳从心轴抽取夹具移除(步骤750)。可将面板移除,并且可将额外面板联接至固持夹具以移除心轴。
虽然主要参考风扇罩面板进行了描述,但是本领域技术人员应认识到,本文所描述的系统和方法可用于从各种行业中的许多不同部件移除心轴。
本文提供了系统、方法和设备。在本文的具体实施方式中,提及“一个实施方案”、“实施方案”、“各种实施方案”等指示所描述的实施方案可能包括特定特征、结构或特性,但是每一个实施方案可能不一定都包括所述特定特征、结构或特性。此外,所述短语不一定是指同一个实施方案。另外,不论是否明确描述,当结合实施方案描述特定特征、结构或特性时,在本领域技术人员的知识中可认为所述特征、结构或特性可发生在其它实施方案中。在阅读本描述后,本领域技术人员将清楚如何在替代实施方案中实施本公开。
另外,本公开中的任何元件、部件或方法步骤并非意在呈献给公众,不论权利要求中是否明确阐述所述元件、部件或者方法步骤。本文中要求保护的元件不应根据美国法典第35篇第112条第(f)项的规定进行解释,除非所述元件明确使用短语“用于...的装置”进行阐述。如本文中所使用,术语“包括”或其任何其它变化形式意在涵盖非排它性的内含物,以使得包括一系列元件的过程、方法、物品或设备并不是仅包括这些元件,而是还可以包括未明确列出的或所述过程、方法、物品或设备所固有的其它元件。
本文已相关于具体实施方案描述了益处、其它优点和问题的解决方案。另外,本文中所包含的各种附图中所示出的连接线意在表现各种元件之间的示例性功能关系和/或物理联接。应注意,实用系统中可能存在许多替代或额外的功能关系或者物理连接。然而,所述益处、优点、问题的解决方案和可能会引起任何益处、优点或解决方案出现或变得更为显著的任何元件都不应被解释成是本发明的关键、必需或必要特征或元件。本发明的范围因此仅由所附权利要求进行限制,其中提及单数形式的元件并非意在表示“一个且仅一个”(除非如此明确地阐述),而是表示“一个或多个”。此外,当类似于“A、B或C中的至少一个”的短语在权利要求中使用时,意图在于所述短语解释成表示仅A可能存在于一个实施方案中,仅B可能存在于一个实施方案中,仅C可能存在于一个实施方案中,或者元件A、B和C的任何组合可能存在于单个实施方案中;例如,A和B、A和C、B和C或者A和B以及C。不同的截面线贯穿附图使用来表示不同的部件,但不一定表示相同或者不同的材料。
Claims (13)
1.一种制造具有围绕可移除心轴形成的至少一个加强构件的复合面板的方法,所述方法包括:
通过将外壳和空心加强构件共同固化以使得其形成一体式结构来形成固化的复合面板;
将所述固化的复合面板联接至面板固持夹具;
将夹钳联接至位于所述固化的复合面板的所述外壳与所述空心加强构件之间的心轴;
操作绞盘以从所述固化的复合面板抽取所述心轴;以及
将所述心轴牵引到曲线轨道中以将所述心轴维持在曲线形状。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其进一步包括将所述固化的复合面板夹紧至所述面板固持夹具。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其进一步包括调整所述曲线轨道的高度。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其进一步包括使用所述绞盘同时从所述固化的复合面板牵引多个心轴。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其进一步包括使用手动曲柄操作所述绞盘。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述绞盘包括多个线轴。
7.一种制造具有围绕可移除心轴形成的至少一个加强构件的复合面板的方法,所述方法包括:
使用加强构件内的第一心轴对所述复合面板进行固化;
将所述复合面板联接至面板固持夹具;
将心轴抽取夹具定位靠近所述面板固持夹具,所述心轴抽取夹具上具有用于接收所述第一心轴的曲线轨道;以及
从所述加强构件抽取所述第一心轴,以使得所述第一心轴被支撑在所述曲线轨道上。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其进一步包括将所述第一心轴牵引到所述曲线轨道中。
9.如权利要求7所述的方法,其进一步包括将绞盘联接至所述复合面板中的第二心轴。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法,其进一步包括同时抽取所述第一心轴和所述第二心轴。
11.如权利要求8所述的方法,其进一步包括调整所述曲线轨道的高度。
12.如权利要求9所述的方法,其中将所述绞盘联接至所述第二心轴包括将夹钳联接至所述第二心轴。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其中将所述绞盘联接至所述第一心轴包括将皮带联接至所述夹钳。
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