CN107023477B - 螺杆泵 - Google Patents

螺杆泵 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107023477B
CN107023477B CN201610829197.9A CN201610829197A CN107023477B CN 107023477 B CN107023477 B CN 107023477B CN 201610829197 A CN201610829197 A CN 201610829197A CN 107023477 B CN107023477 B CN 107023477B
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profile
main shaft
screw pump
driving spindle
rolling
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CN107023477A (zh
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尤尔根·克罗伊兹凯姆珀
阿诺·珀奇
霍格尔·施密特
迈克尔·施魏格尔
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SKF Lubrication Systems Germany GmbH
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2/00Rotary-piston machines or pumps
    • F04C2/08Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F04C2/12Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type
    • F04C2/14Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons
    • F04C2/16Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons with helical teeth, e.g. chevron-shaped, screw type
    • F04C2/165Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons with helical teeth, e.g. chevron-shaped, screw type having more than two rotary pistons with parallel axes
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2/00Rotary-piston machines or pumps
    • F04C2/08Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F04C2/12Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type
    • F04C2/14Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons
    • F04C2/16Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons with helical teeth, e.g. chevron-shaped, screw type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21KMAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00Making machine elements
    • B21K1/06Making machine elements axles or shafts
    • B21K1/12Making machine elements axles or shafts of specially-shaped cross-section
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C15/00Component parts, details or accessories of machines, pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C2/00 - F04C14/00
    • F04C15/0088Lubrication
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C18/00Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04C18/08Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F04C18/12Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type
    • F04C18/14Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons
    • F04C18/16Rotary-piston pumps specially adapted for elastic fluids of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing of other than internal-axis type with toothed rotary pistons with helical teeth, e.g. chevron-shaped, screw type
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2/00Rotary-piston machines or pumps
    • F04C2/08Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F04C2/082Details specially related to intermeshing engagement type machines or pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2/00Rotary-piston machines or pumps
    • F04C2/08Rotary-piston machines or pumps of intermeshing-engagement type, i.e. with engagement of co-operating members similar to that of toothed gearing
    • F04C2/082Details specially related to intermeshing engagement type machines or pumps
    • F04C2/084Toothed wheels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C29/00Component parts, details or accessories of pumps or pumping installations, not provided for in groups F04C18/00 - F04C28/00
    • F04C29/02Lubrication; Lubricant separation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2230/00Manufacture
    • F04C2230/20Manufacture essentially without removing material
    • F04C2230/26Manufacture essentially without removing material by rolling
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2240/00Components
    • F04C2240/20Rotors
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2240/00Components
    • F04C2240/60Shafts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2240/00Components
    • F04C2240/80Other components
    • F04C2240/809Lubricant sump
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04CROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04C2250/00Geometry
    • F04C2250/20Geometry of the rotor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Rotary Pumps (AREA)
  • Details And Applications Of Rotary Liquid Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种螺杆泵、产生这种螺杆泵的轴的方法以及产生在这种轴中的凹槽的方法。所述输送流体的螺杆泵(1)具有驱动轴(2)和至少一个运转轴(4、6),所述驱动轴(2)具有驱动轴轮廓(12),所述运转轴(4、6)具有运转轴轮廓(10),其中,所述至少一个运转轴(4、6)利用其运转轴轮廓(10)至少部分啮合驱动轴(2)的驱动轴轮廓,其中,驱动轴轮廓(12)和/或运转轴轮廓(10)形成为轧制轮廓。

Description

螺杆泵
技术领域
本发明涉及一种使用驱动轴和运转轴来输送流体的螺杆泵、用于产生这种螺杆泵的轴轮廓的方法以及用于在这种螺杆泵的轴中产生润滑剂槽(lubricant groove)的方法。
背景技术
螺杆泵通常包括至少一个驱动轴(drive spindle)和运转轴(running spindle),所述至少一个驱动轴和运转轴的螺纹彼此啮合并滚动,如此流体可从螺杆泵的第一侧输送到螺杆泵的第二侧。
为了确保这种流体输送,这些轴的齿面具有经由材料切除加工方法(materialremoval method,例如,铣削(milling)、砂磨(sanding)或研磨(lapping))而产生的特定齿状。由于为了形成相对应的齿状轮廓必须反复通过这些轴螺纹。所以除了在机械加工过程中本应切除的额外材料体积而导致的材料利用过高之外,材料切除工艺也非常耗时。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的在于提供一种螺杆泵,该螺杆泵的生产成本更低并且生产时间更少。
通过根据本发明的螺杆泵、产生这种螺杆泵的方法以及产生在这种螺杆泵中的润滑剂槽的方法来实现上述目的。
以下将描述用于输送流体的螺杆泵,所述螺杆泵具有驱动轴和至少一个运转轴,所述驱动轴具有驱动轴轮廓,所述运转轴具有运转轴轮廓。所述运转轴利用其运转轴轮廓至少部分啮合驱动轴的驱动轴轮廓。
为了实现特别快速且经济地生产所述螺杆泵,具体来说生产所述轴,提出将驱动轴轮廓和/或运转轴轮廓形成为轧制轮廓。轧制工艺的确需要非常丰富的经验和对应的设计模具,但是由于轧制工艺是在轧制工艺期间的对应时间点进行压制,所以不需要为自身轮廓的形成提供额外的材料。此外,由于不需要对轮廓进行多道工序,所以驱动轴或运转轴可被生产为无限长的轴,然后可将其缩短为相应的长度。此外,轧制工艺的优点在于,不会产生由于材料压缩而导致的表面粗糙,从而省略了进一步处理,例如,在很大程度上省略了诸如磨削(grinding)之类的处理。此外,轧制工艺提供公差范围非常窄且质量稳定的表面。轧制轮廓的另一优点在于,可产生具有特定硬齿面(hard flank)的轴轮廓。
然而,由于轧制工艺仅允许限制范围内的轮廓,所以轧制轮廓先前并未用于螺杆泵。然而发明人发现,在螺杆泵中特别使用的这种轮廓具体来说由于没有底切所以非常适合轧制。因此,在优选的示例性实施例中,驱动轴轮廓或运行轴轮廓形成为轧制的渐开线轮廓或外摆线轮廓,或通常形成为无底切轮廓。可使用轧制方法较为容易地产生这种轮廓并且这种轮廓适合在螺杆轴中使用。
根据另一优选示例性实施例,驱动轴和/或运转轴在其外边缘上具有在径向上大体向内延伸的润滑剂槽。所述润滑剂槽被设置为减小轴与在轴周围的外壳之间的摩擦力。从现有技术中已知,这种润滑剂槽可被直接铣削成外边缘,其中,这种工艺需要额外的处理步骤并且需要使用额外的材料。
然而,本发明的另一方面显示可在轧制时自动产生这种润滑剂槽,从而不需要额外的处理步骤且不需要额外的材料。因此,本发明的另一方面涉及产生这种润滑剂槽的方法,所述润滑剂槽具有第一槽壁、第二槽壁以及在第一槽壁与第二槽壁之间的槽底,其中,润滑剂槽形成在轴的外边缘上,槽底在径向上从轴的外边缘向内充分延伸。所述方法优选包括以下步骤:以轧制的方式形成第一轴轮廓的齿面,由此在轧制时,通过材料移位来形成第一槽壁;在以轧制的方式形成第二轴轮廓的齿面时,通过材料移位来形成第二槽壁。位于第一槽壁与第二槽壁之间的槽底不需要进一步的操作步骤,但可对其进行任意地改造。因此,可在单个操作步骤中同时形成齿状轮廓并提供以其它方式难以形成的润滑剂槽。
根据另一优选示例性实施例,驱动轴轮廓和运转轴轮廓无间隙啮合。为了实现使用材料切除工艺的这种无间隙啮合,需要很高的精度并且导致出错率高。然而由于在轧制时的材料移位,可产生高精度的轴轮廓并且公差恒定,使得可实现驱动轴与运转轴之间的无间隙啮合,且没有问题出现。这反过来可减小螺杆泵内的泄漏损失。
根据另一优选示例性实施例,驱动轴轮廓形成为与运转轴轮廓互补。在此,在特别优选的实施方案中,驱动轴的齿面曲线被设置为大体上凸状,而运转轴的齿面曲面被设置为大体上凹状。
本发明的另一方面涉及一种产生螺杆泵1的轴的轴轮廓10、12的方法,其中,轴轮廓是经由轧制工艺而产生的,尤其是经由冷轧工艺而产生的。在特别优选的实施方案中,轴轮廓是轧制的渐开线轮廓和/或外摆线轮廓和/或无底切轮廓。
带有单线螺纹(single-thread)的螺杆泵和带有多线(multiple-thread)螺纹的螺杆泵均可实现上述优点。
在具体实施方式、权利要求或附图中定义了其它优点和优选实施例。具体来说,在具体实施方案和附图中给定的特征组合仅是示例性的,所以可存在单独或以其它方式组合的特征。
附图说明
以下将参照在附图中显示的示例性实施例来更详细地描述本发明。所述示例性实施例和在所述示例性实施例中显示的组合仅为示意性的,而非限定本发明的保护范围。保护范围仅由权利要求来限定。
图1是螺杆泵的示意剖面图;
图2是图1中示出的螺杆泵的轴的示意径向剖面图;
图3是轴的机械加工的示意图;
图4是在图1和图2中示出的轴的齿面的示意剖面图。
标号列表
在以下描述中,相同或相等元件具有相同的标号。
1、润滑泵
2、驱动轴
4、6、运转轴
8、外壳
10、运转轴轮廓
12、驱动轴轮廓
14、流体的第一容纳区域
16、流体的第二容纳区域
18、驱动轴的轮廓齿面
20、运转轴的轮廓齿面
22、外摆线曲线
24、轧具
26、运转轴的外边缘
28、润滑剂槽
30、32、槽壁
34、槽底
具体实施方式
图1示出了多线螺纹螺杆泵(multiple-thread screw pump)1的纵向示图,所述多线螺纹螺杆泵具有驱动至少两个运转轴4、6的驱动轴2。驱动轴2经由电机按照已知方式进行旋转。驱动轴2和运转轴4、6依次排列在外壳8内,其中,运转轴4、6直接接触外壳8。
如图1中进一步示出地,驱动轴2和运转轴4、6相互啮合,使得驱动轴2旋转过程中运转轴4、6也旋转。此外,驱动轴2和运转轴4、6具有被设置为彼此互补的驱动轴轮廓和运转轴轮廓10、12,因此在这些轴旋转的过程中,流体可从第一腔室(chamber)14“螺旋进入”第二腔室16。运转轴和驱动轴的齿面18、20相应地互补弯曲,其中,驱动轴2的齿面18的齿面曲线通常大体上是凸的,运转轴4、6的齿面20的齿面曲线大体上是凹的。
这种运转轴轮廓10在图2中被图示。如图所示,轮廓10被形成无底切(withoutundercut)轮廓,该轮廓遵循外摆线曲线22。在可替换的实施例中,可形成无底切的其它轮廓(诸如,渐开线齿廓(involute profile))。这种轮廓适用于螺杆泵1并可方便转动。
如图3所示,为了形成轧制轮廓(rolled profile)10,轧具24沿轴2、4、6操作。由于模具24施加的压力,轴2、4、6的材料被压制成轮廓10的相应形式。轧制工艺确实需要丰富的经验和对应的设置模具24,但是由于轧制工艺是在轧制工艺期间的对应时间点进行压制,所以不需要为自身轮廓的形成提供额外的材料。此外,由于不需要对轮廓10进行多道工序,所以驱动轴2或运转轴4、6可被生产为无限长的轴,然后可将其缩短为相应的长度。此外,轧制工艺的优点在于,不会产生由于材料压缩而导致的表面粗糙,从而省略了进一步处理,例如,在很大程度上省略了诸如磨削(grinding)之类的处理。此外,轧制工艺提供公差范围非常窄且质量稳定的表面。轧制轮廓10的另一优点在于,可提供具有特定硬齿面(hardflank)的轴轮廓。
可按照相似的方式来产生驱动轴2的轮廓12。
如图1中进一步所示,运转轴4、6利用它们的外边缘26直接位于外壳8上。因此,在外壳8与外边缘26之间会产生摩擦力,如图3所示,如果在外边缘26上产生凹槽28,则可减少所述摩擦力。该凹槽具有两个槽壁30、32以及位于两个槽壁30、32之间的槽底34。
由于可将在轧制轮廓10时移位的材料形成为槽壁30、32,因此可在轧制时较为方便地产生该润滑剂槽。因此,不需要对凹槽28进行困难地铣削。然而,仍然可以选择性地对槽壁34进行改造。
作为一个整体,可提供一种具有轧制轮廓螺杆泵,所述螺杆泵生产更简单且快速。由于不需要为材料切除工艺提供额外的材料,所以还节约成本。此外,使用这种轧制轮廓,可实现使用材料切除工艺难以实现的公差。具体来说,使用轧制工艺容易产生渐开线轮廓、外摆线轮廓或无底切轮廓,并且同时提供较好的流体输送的可泵性。

Claims (10)

1.一种输送液体的螺杆泵(1),所述螺杆泵具有驱动主轴(2)和至少一个运转主轴(4、6),所述驱动主轴(2)具有驱动主轴型材(12),所述至少一个运转主轴(4、6)具有运转主轴型材(10),其中,所述至少一个运转主轴(4、6)利用其运转主轴型材(10)与驱动主轴(2)的驱动主轴型材至少部分啮合,其特征在于,驱动主轴型材(12)和/或运转主轴型材(10)形成为轧制型材;
其中,驱动主轴(2)和/或运转主轴(4、6)在其外边缘(26)上具有在径向上大体向内延伸的润滑剂槽(28),所述润滑剂槽(28)由轧制工艺形成。
2.如权利要求1所述的螺杆泵(1),其特征在于,驱动主轴型材(12)和/或运转主轴型材(10)是轧制渐开线型材和/或外摆线型材和/或无切线型材。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的螺杆泵(1),其特征在于,螺杆泵(1)具有单头螺纹。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的螺杆泵(1),其特征在于,螺杆泵(1)具有多头螺纹。
5.如权利要求1或2所述的螺杆泵(1),其特征在于,驱动主轴型材(12)和运转主轴型材(10)无间隙啮合。
6.如权利要求1或2所述的螺杆泵(1),其特征在于,驱动主轴型材(12)形成为与运转主轴型材(10)互补。
7.一种产生如权利要求1所述的螺杆泵(1)的主轴的主轴型材(10、12)的方法,其特征在于,主轴型材经是由轧制工艺而产生的。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,主轴型材经是由冷轧工艺而产生的。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,主轴型材(10、12)是轧制渐开线型材和/或外摆线型材和/或无切线型材。
10.一种在如权利要求1所述的螺杆泵(1)中产生润滑剂槽(28)的方法,所述润滑剂槽(28)具有第一槽壁(30)、第二槽壁(32)以及在第一槽壁(30)与第二槽壁之间的槽底(34),其中,润滑剂槽形成在螺杆泵的驱动主轴(2)和/或运转主轴(4、6)的外边缘(26)上,槽底(34)在径向上从主轴(2、4、6)的外边缘(26)向内延伸偏移,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:
a、经由轧制创建第一主轴型材齿面(20-1);
b、通过在轧制第一主轴型材齿面(20-1)的过程中置换材料而形成第一槽壁(30);
c、经由轧制创建第二主轴型材齿面(20-2);
d、通过在轧制第二主轴型材齿面(20-2)的过程中置换材料而形成第二槽壁(32)。
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