CN107020963B - 用于在电动车辆的充电站中管理功率的方法 - Google Patents

用于在电动车辆的充电站中管理功率的方法 Download PDF

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CN107020963B
CN107020963B CN201611114380.7A CN201611114380A CN107020963B CN 107020963 B CN107020963 B CN 107020963B CN 201611114380 A CN201611114380 A CN 201611114380A CN 107020963 B CN107020963 B CN 107020963B
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P.普夫劳姆
M.阿拉米尔
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于在电动车辆(VE)的充电站中管理功率的方法，所述充电站包括多个充电点(Bx)，所述方法有助于根据客户的满意度精确预测充电站的消耗。所述方法在于：‑确定充电站的统计占用模型(Lstat)，‑考虑到所述统计模型，确定充电站的一些占用场景(SC)，‑考虑到客户满意率，针对多个功率分布图中的每一个功率分布图确定有效的场景以及无效的场景，‑在无效的场景的数目未超过预定义的阈值(m)的所述功率分布图中选择最佳功率分布图(Pmax_opt)。

Description

用于在电动车辆的充电站中管理功率的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于在电动车辆的充电站中管理功率的方法。本发明还涉及允许执行所述方法的系统。
背景技术
目前的电网尚不适合于管理电动车辆的充电。今天，由于所存在的车辆的数目依然很低，所以向充电站提供所要分配的功率并不十分必要。然而，电动车辆数目的增加以及对电功率消耗的约束的出现，将会使对电动车辆的充电站的功率需求的预测以及提供对其功率消耗的更好的管理成为必需。
已经推荐了一些满足充电站功率需求的方案。例如，在所引用的专利文献CN104064829A、CN103400203A、CN202256537U、US8232763B1中已经描述了这一类型的方案。
这些所推荐的不同的方案不能令人满意，因为它们通常是不精确的，并且不能很好适用于与充电站占用水平相关的不确定性以及全天这一占用水平的变化。实际上，对于充电站，预先不知道为充电而连接某一车辆时的时间和确定的充电持续时间之后该车辆将再次离开时的时间。
本发明的目的旨在推荐一种用于在电动车辆的充电站中管理功率的方法，其允许按精确的方式提供充电站的消耗分布图，从而使供应网络的管理者能够按最佳方式预测电功率需求。具体地讲，根据本发明的方法允许考虑充电站的每一充电终端全天的占用水平的随机性。
发明内容
使用一种用于在电动车辆的充电站中管理功率的方法来实现这一目的，所述充电站包含多个充电终端，所述方法包含下列步骤：
-针对充电站，为所述充电站确定统计占用模型，
-确定与所确定的统计占用模型匹配的充电站的占用场景，
-确定要被应用于充电站的多个功率分布图，每一个功率分布图是随着预定义的时间周期的多个相继的时间间隔进行取样的，
-通过在连接于充电站的电动车辆中将功率分布图的每一个时间间隔中可用的功率随着所述时间间隔进行分配，将每一个功率分布图应用于每一个所识别的占用场景，
-对于应用于所确定的占用场景的每一个功率分布图，将所获得的满意率与预定义的阈值进行比较，以确定占用场景是否有效，所述满意率是考虑到以充电为目的每一个电动车辆所获得的最终充电水平和连接的持续时间而确定的，
-从无效占用场景的数目未超过预定义的阈值的功率分布图中选择最佳功率分布图。
根据根据本发明的方法的一个具体特性，在所有所连接的电动车辆之间相等地分配可用功率。
根据另一个具体特性，考虑到每一个电动车辆的连接的持续时间，分配可用功率。
根据另一个具体特性，基于一组具有确定的维度的参数来定义每一个功率分布图。
根据另一个具体特性，考虑到性能指标，选择功率分布图。
根据另一个具体特性，将性能指标与消耗预测误差的最小化相关联。
根据另一个具体特性，将性能指标与功率分布图的最大大小的限制相关联。
本发明还涉及一种用于在电动车辆的充电站中管理功率的系统，所述充电站包含多个充电终端，所述系统包含：
-用于针对充电站，为所述充电站确定统计占用模型的模块，
-用于确定与所确定的统计占用模型匹配的充电站的占用场景的模块，
-用于确定要被应用于充电站的多个功率分布图的模块，每一个功率分布图是随着预定义的时间周期的多个相继的时间间隔进行取样的，
-用于通过在连接于充电站的电动车辆中将功率分布图的每一个时间间隔中可用的功率随着所述时间间隔进行分配，来将每一个功率分布图应用于每一个所识别的占用场景的模块，
-用于对于应用于所确定的占用场景的每一个功率分布图，将所获得的满意率与预定义的阈值进行比较，以确定占用场景是否有效的模块，所述满意率是考虑到以充电为目的每一个电动车辆所获得的最终充电水平和连接的持续时间而确定的，
-用于从无效占用场景的数目未超过预定义的阈值的功率分布图中选择最佳功率分布图的模块。
附图说明
通过参照附图所给出的以下详细描述，本发明的其它特征与优点将会变得十分明显，其中：
-图1示意性地描述了根据本发明的管理方法的算法，
-图2描述了根据本发明的管理方法中所使用的客户满意原则，
-图3描述了可用于根据本发明的管理方法中的功率分布图的一个示例。
具体实施方式
本发明旨在推荐一种用于在电动车辆VE的充电站中管理功率的方法，该充电站包含多个独立的充电终端Bx(x为1至n，取决于充电站的大小，在图1中，x＝6)。可以将充电终端Bx设置在相同的位置，也可以将它们分散地设置。由电网向充电站提供供给。
根据本发明的方法的目的在于提供充电站在经过预先确定的时间周期T操作所需的功率。在以下的描述中，将考虑一天的时间周期T(从午夜到午夜)，但必须意识到，也可以将本发明应用于不同的时间周期。例如，将把所选择的时间周期T划分为多个相继的相等持续时间的时间间隔。将把一天划分为多个相继的15分钟的间隔。显然，可以根据所设想的应用想象不同的划分。
根据本发明的方法在于实现了一种算法，所述算法包含多个步骤。例如，由管理系统实现所述管理方法，所述管理系统包含至少一个处理单元UC。例如，将由处理单元UC所运行的一个或多个软件模块实现所述方法的步骤。
以下将描述根据本发明的管理方法的步骤。执行这些步骤，旨在确定要应用于电动车辆的充电站的功率分布图Pmax_opt，这考虑了与充电站的占用水平相关联的不确定性，同时维持了确定的客户满意水平。
所述方法的第一步骤E1在于确定描述充电站的占用的统计法则。
对于充电站的每一个充电终端，构造其占用的一个统计模型，所述统计模型包含连接于终端的每一个车辆的下列信息：
-车辆与网络连接的时间
-车辆与网络的切断连接的时间
-在其连接期间车辆所需的功率量
尽管不能实时地知晓所有所述信息，然而，例如，其依然遵循诸如高斯定律等的某一已知的统计法则。
较佳的做法是，基于所存储的和可用的历史数据H确定描述整个一天的充电站的充电终端的占用。针对足以确定充电站的占用变化的持续时间执行一个学习周期。可以将学习周期应用于每一个充电终端，或应用于充电站的所有充电终端。
遵循这一学习步骤，处理单元确定充电站的每一个充电终端所遵循的统计占用法则。对于根据本发明的管理方法的继续的描述，将假设充电站的每一个充电终端Bx的占用遵循同样的统计法则，表示为Lstat。
一旦已经针对充电站的每一个充电终端识别了统计法则Lstat，则根据本发明的管理方法执行第二步骤E2，第二步骤E2在于生成充电站随着所选择的时间(即随着一天的)的占用场景SC。
所生成的场景SC是那些允许与针对每一个终端所确定的统计法则Lstat相符合的场景。每一场景SC包含充电站随着一天的每一时间间隔的占用水平，这一占用水平是基于从统计法则Lstat导出的一整天每一车辆的连接的时间和切断连接的时间以及每一个被连接于充电站的车辆的充电的初始状态进行确定的。
每一个选择的场景SC必须满足与客户满意保证概率相关联的准则。根据以下公式，通过概率算法(随机化算法)确定所选择的场景SC的数量N。
Figure GDA0002944392000000041
这一关系对应于允许获得所保证的性能的场景的数目N，由以下参数定义所保证的性能：
-η对应于代表对于某一给定场景充电策略不成功的概率的随机参数，即其代表客户的不满意的概率，
-δ对应于代表赋予η所定义的客户的不满意的概率的置信度(由1-δ加以定义)的随机参数。
-m对应于功率分布图Pmax_y(见如下)的选择阈值，这一阈值指的是对其来说满意的客户的数目不大于所确定的阈值是可接受的场景的数目，
-nΘ代表以下所描述的一组参数的基数。
于是将两个参数η和δ与客户满意保证概率相关联。
图2描述了客户满意原则。如果相对初始充电要求客户的车辆已经被充足了电，则将认为客户是满意的。于是，在一天结束时，如果就以上定义而言，满意的客户的数目大于一个所确定的阈值，则将充电站占用场景视为是有效的。
图2在x轴上描述了在车辆充电期间所获得的功率Ech和连接期间的所要求的功率Ed之间的关系(表示为百分比)，以及在y轴上描述了车辆的连接的持续时间t(表示为小时)。于是，每一个点对应于在其连接结束时所获得的车辆的相对于连接时所要求的充电水平的充电水平。应该意识到车辆保持充电的时间越长，百分比将越高。在这一图2中，曲线C1描述了所应用的满意极限。这一满意极限对应于充电阈值S，根据所应用的充电的持续时间，在充电阈值S之上，客户将会是满意的。
于是，在第三步骤E3中，处理单元根据充电站的占用场景，确定功率分布图Pmax_y，其中，y从1到n，n对应于与所识别的场景SC相匹配的分布图的数目。
例如，基于多维参数来定义功率分布图Pmax_y。参数的维度必须尽可能最小，但必须足够获得具有充分可变性的分布图，从而能够使其最好地代表充电站一整天(T)的实际消耗的分布图。
图3描述了随着一天可用的功率分布图Pmax_y的一个示例。该图描述了可以基于具有维度n＝4的一组参数Θ定义这一分布图。为了根据算法限制通过的功率分布图Pmax_y的数目，必须选择多维参数的可能值的一个离散集合(具有基数nΘ)。对于所描述的分布图，例如，使用以下：
Θ_1＝{0.7,0.9,1.1}
Θ_2＝{0.7,0.9,1.1}
Θ_3＝{0.9,1.0,1.1}
Θ_4＝{0.9,1.0,1.1}
该组参数的基数将是nΘ＝34＝81。
在第四步骤E4中，处理单元UC确定将与步骤E2中所识别的占用场景SC最匹配的功率分布图Pmax_opt，其中，处理单元UC按下列方式继续处理：
-其通过定义一组以上所描述的参数Θ，选择一个功率分布图。
-对于充电站的每一个占用场景SC，处理单元UC根据所使用的时间划分来分配由所选择的分布图所定义的功率。如以上所描述的，例如，已经将一天划分为相继的15分钟的时间间隔。随着每一个15分钟的时间间隔，在充电站的不同的充电终端Bx之间分配分布图所定义的可用的功率。较佳的做法是，处理单元UC针对每一个时间间隔，通过按下列方式继续处理，确定分配于每一个充电终端的功率：
-处理单元确定所连接的车辆的数目，并且根据车辆的数目随着时间周期对由所选择的功率分布图所定义的可用功率进行划分，
-如果某些车辆具有足够高的充电状态，以致它们不需要已经分配给它们的功率量，则处理单元通过根据它们连接到充电终端的持续时间来对车辆进行优先化，进行功率的再分配。
-一旦处理单元UC已经将功率分布图应用于每一场景，则其确定可变场景，即对于那些而言，满意的客户的数目大于一个预定义的阈值的场景。如果在客户连接持续时间结束时，其车辆的充电水平(Ech)超过图2中的曲线C1所定义的阈值S(即，如果客户的点被定位在曲线C1的右侧)，则认为客户是满意的。
-如果无效场景的数目未超过以上所定义的阈值m，则假设所选择的功率分布图与占用场景SC匹配。
-处理单元UC针对81个功率分布图重新开始这些操作，所述81个功率分布图对应于该组具有维度n＝4的参数的基数。
-然后，处理单元UC从处理单元UC所测试的以及在先前步骤期间所验证的所有功率分布图中选择最佳分布图Pmax_opt。例如，在考虑了某一性能指标下进行最佳分布图Pmax_opt的选择。根据本申请，这一性能指标可以是不同的。可以在功率分布图的选择中应用的性能指标的两个不同的示例如下：
-预测误差的最小化。考虑到这一指标，处理单元UC确定将与实际消耗最匹配的功率分布图，
-消耗峰值的最小化。考虑到这一指标，处理单元选择对于功率分布图而言最大大小为最小的功率分布图。
因此，根据本发明的方案具有诸多优点，包括：
-与其它现存的方案相比，在充电曲线(Pmax opt)的预测方面具有高的精度，具体地讲，因为其考虑了充电站随着一天每一时间间隔的占用水平，
-根据所定义的满意极限，保证了客户满意，
-具有高灵活性，因为充电策略可适合于不同的约束：与客户满意相关联的约束、与电网管理操作员相关联的约束或者与充电站管理员相关联的约束。

Claims (8)

1.一种用于在电动车辆(VE)的充电站中管理功率的方法，所述充电站包含多个充电终端(Bx)，所述方法的特征在于，其包含下列步骤：
-针对充电站，为所述充电站确定统计占用模型(Lstat)，
-确定与所确定的统计占用模型匹配的充电站的占用场景(SC)，
-确定要被应用于充电站的多个功率分布图(Pmax_y)，每一个功率分布图是随着预定义的时间周期(T)的多个相继的时间间隔进行取样的，
-通过在连接于充电站的电动车辆(VE)中将功率分布图的每一个时间间隔中可用的功率随着所述时间间隔进行分配，将每一个功率分布图(Pmax_y)应用于每一个所识别的占用场景(SC)，
-对于应用于所确定的占用场景的每一个功率分布图(Pmax_y)，将所获得的满意率与预定义的阈值(S)进行比较，以确定占用场景是否有效，所述满意率是考虑到以充电为目的每一个电动车辆(VE)所获得的最终充电水平和连接的持续时间而确定的，
-从无效占用场景的数目未超过预定义的阈值(m)的功率分布图(Pmax_y)中选择最佳功率分布图(Pmax_opt)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在所有所连接的电动车辆(VE)之间相等地分配可用功率。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，考虑到每一个电动车辆(VE)的连接的持续时间，分配可用功率。
4.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的方法，其特征在于，基于一组具有确定的维度的参数来定义每一个功率分布图。
5.根据权利要求1至3之一所述的方法，其特征在于，考虑到性能指标，选择功率分布图。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，将性能指标与消耗预测误差的最小化相关联。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，将性能指标与功率分布图的最大大小的限制相关联。
8.一种用于在电动车辆(VE)的充电站中管理功率的系统，所述充电站包含多个充电终端(Bx)，所述系统的特征在于其包含：
-用于针对充电站，为所述充电站确定统计占用模型(Lstat)的模块，
-用于确定与所确定的统计占用模型匹配的充电站的占用场景(SC)的模块，
-用于确定要被应用于充电站的多个功率分布图(Pmax_y)的模块，每一个功率分布图是随着预定义的时间周期(T)的多个相继的时间间隔进行取样的，
-用于通过在连接于充电站的电动车辆(VE)中将功率分布图的每一个时间间隔中可用的功率随着所述时间间隔进行分配，来将每一个功率分布图(Pmax_y)应用于每一个所识别的占用场景(SC)的模块，
-用于对于应用于所确定的占用场景的每一个功率分布图(Pmax_y)，将所获得的满意率与预定义的阈值(S)进行比较以确定占用场景是否有效的模块，所述满意率是考虑到以充电为目的每一个电动车辆(VE)所获得的最终充电水平和连接的持续时间而确定的，
-用于从无效占用场景的数目未超过预定义的阈值(m)的功率分布图(Pmax_y)中选择最佳功率分布图(Pmax_opt)的模块。
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