CN107016178B - A kind of calculation method of Rainfall Pattern of Urban Design Storm - Google Patents
A kind of calculation method of Rainfall Pattern of Urban Design Storm Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of calculation methods of Rainfall Pattern of Urban Design Storm, carry out sampling to play heavy rain first, determine play heavy rain sample；Then position of the play heavy rain sample as where maximum rainfall is divided into before peak heavy rain sample after heavy rain sample and peak；The ratio of the total rainfall of play heavy rain sample is accounted for based on heavy rain sample rainfall before the rain peak coefficient and peak of the division result calculating play heavy rain sample of heavy rain sample behind heavy rain sample before peak and peak, and according to the Annual distribution characteristic of heavy rain sample behind heavy rain sample before peak and peak, heavy rain rainfall pattern after heavy rain rainfall pattern and peak is inquired into before peak based on Huff rainfall patterns method respectively；Heavy rain rainfall pattern behind heavy rain rainfall pattern before peak and peak is merged to the rainfall pattern for obtaining urban design rainstorm；This method has taken into full account the inconsistency of design storm rainfall rule before and after rain peak, the design storm pattern obtained and the matching degree of actual rainfall are high, eliminate conventional method and do not consider that rain peak position causes the rainfall pattern inquired into differ the defects of larger with actual rainfall with variation is lasted.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to urban design rainstorm studying technological domain, more particularly, to a kind of Rainfall Pattern of Urban Design Storm
Calculation method.
Background technology
Urbanization also generates negatively the natural ecological environment of urbanized area while socio-economic development is promoted
Influence.Urbanization make urban area have bigger heat absorption rate, formed " tropical island effect ", along with urbanization bring it is a large amount of
Be conducive to precipitation the nuclei of condensation and groups of building to the disturbing influence of air-flow, formed " urban dry island effect ", change urbanized area
Precipitation character, under the background of global warming, Severe rainstorm weather events showed increased.
Rainfall has the non-uniform characteristic of spatial and temporal distributions, and the rainfall pattern of urban design rainstorm refers to rainfall intensity or rainfall
The distribution situation in time scale is measured, is sewerage system planning and the important evidence of design, is urban rainfall runoff mould
Intend the key input data calculated, directly affect drainage system investment and urban water safety, affect urban rainfall runoff mistake
The precision of journey simulation.Under the background of China's urban waterlogging disaster situation sternness, the rainfall pattern of the urban design rainstorm of science is inquired into
It is of great significance.The calculation method of existing design heavy rain rainfall pattern include Keifer＆Chu rainfall patterns (Chicago rainfall pattern),
Pilgrim＆Cordery rainfall patterns, Huff rainfall patterns；But there are following defects：
1st, Keifer＆Chu rainfall patterns, Pilgrim＆Cordery rainfall patterns, Huff rainfall patterns do not account for actual rainfall and exist
Otherness before and after rain peak is to inquiring into the influence of Rainfall Pattern of Urban Design Storm；And actual rainfall is uneven with Annual distribution
Property, the rainfall change rule behind rain peak Qian Yuyu peaks is different；
What the urban design rainstorm process and its rain peak position that the 2, Keifer＆Chu rainfall patterns method is inquired into were to determine, with reality
Rainfall differs greatly, and using its simcity rainfall-runoff process when, which is present with to underestimate surface runoff peak value and postpone peak, to be showed
The problem of time.
The content of the invention
For the disadvantages described above or Improvement requirement of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of pushing away for Rainfall Pattern of Urban Design Storm
Method is sought, its object is to obtain and the more matched Rainfall Pattern of Urban Design Storm of actual rainfall.
To achieve the above object, one side according to the invention provides a kind of inquiring into for Rainfall Pattern of Urban Design Storm
Play heavy rain sample is divided into before peak heavy rain sample after heavy rain sample and peak by method, and according to heavy rain sample before peak and peak after
The Annual distribution characteristic of heavy rain sample inquires into before peak heavy rain rainfall pattern after heavy rain rainfall pattern and peak respectively, by by heavy rain rainfall pattern before peak and
Heavy rain rainfall pattern, which merges, behind peak obtains the urban design rainstorm that rain peak position changes and changes with rainfall duration and rainfall intensity
Rainfall pattern.
Preferably, the calculation method of above-mentioned Rainfall Pattern of Urban Design Storm, according to maximum rainfall institute in play heavy rain sample
N play heavy rain sample is divided into before n peak heavy rain sample after heavy rain sample and n peak by the position at place；Wherein, it is sudden and violent before peak
Rain sample refers to the play heavy rain sample before the moment residing for maximum rainfall, and heavy rain sample refers in maximum rainfall behind peak
Play heavy rain sample after the residing moment.
Preferably, the calculation method of above-mentioned Rainfall Pattern of Urban Design Storm inquires into before peak heavy rain rainfall pattern after heavy rain rainfall pattern and peak
Method include the following steps：
(i) different probability is calculated to rain the peak coefficient r of play heavy rain samplep, including following sub-step：
(i.1) the time t residing for each play heavy rain Sample Maximal rainfall is calculatedr,iIt is lasted with the play heavy rain sample
tiRatio ri=tr,i/ti；Wherein, i=1,2 ..., n；
(i.2) by above-mentioned ratio riIt arranges in descending order, and is calculated by hydrological frequency and obtain play heavy rain under different probability
The rain peak coefficient r of samplep；Wherein, hydrological frequency computational methods are a kind of basic skills of hydrographic water resource field hydrological statistics；
(ii) heavy rain sample rainfall accounts for the ratio α of the total rainfall of play heavy rain sample before peak under calculating different probabilityp, bag
Include following sub-step：
(ii.1) heavy rain sample rainfall p before each peak of calculatingr,iWith the total rainfall p of the play heavy rain sampleiRatio αi
=pr,i/pi；
(ii.2) by aforementioned proportion αiIt arranges in descending order, and passes through heavy rain before peak under hydrological frequency calculating acquisition different probability
Sample rainfall accounts for the ratio α of the total rainfall of play heavy rain samplep；
(iii) heavy rain rainfall pattern after heavy rain rainfall pattern and peak is inquired into before the peak under different probability respectively using Huff rainfall patterns method.
Wherein, Huff rainfall patterns method refers to Huff when studying U.S.'s heavy rain rainfall pattern in Northey state in her, by Northey in her
The heavy rain obtained after the processing of state sample heavy rain is averaged a kind of rainfall pattern research method of the dimensionless accumulation as heavy rain rainfall pattern.
Preferably, the calculation method of above-mentioned Rainfall Pattern of Urban Design Storm, behind heavy rain rainfall pattern before the peak to acquisition and peak
Heavy rain rainfall pattern carries out coordinate transform, and heavy rain rainfall pattern behind heavy rain rainfall pattern before the peak after coordinate transform and peak is merged in a coordinate
System obtains the rainfall pattern of urban design rainstorm.
Preferably, the calculation method of above-mentioned Rainfall Pattern of Urban Design Storm carries out heavy rain rainfall pattern behind preceding heavy rain rainfall pattern and peak
Coordinate transform and the method for merging, specifically comprise the following steps：
(I) rain the peak coefficient r of play heavy rain sample according to different probabilitypIt is sudden and violent that play is accounted for heavy rain sample rainfall before peak
The ratio α of the total rainfall of rain samplep, heavy rain rainfall pattern and heavy rain rainfall pattern intersection behind peak before peak under the same coordinate system are determined respectively
Abscissa and ordinate；
(II) coordinate transform is carried out to heavy rain rainfall pattern behind heavy rain rainfall pattern before peak and peak, keeps heavy rain rainfall pattern first point and peak before peak
The abscissa of heavy rain rainfall pattern end point and ordinate are constant afterwards so that seat of the heavy rain rainfall pattern end point with heavy rain rainfall pattern first point behind peak before peak
Mark identical, and abscissa and ordinate are respectively rpAnd αp；
(III) heavy rain rainfall pattern behind heavy rain rainfall pattern before the peak after coordinate transform and peak is merged into same coordinate system, made
Heavy rain rainfall pattern end point is overlapped with heavy rain rainfall pattern first point behind peak before obtaining peak, obtains the rainfall pattern of urban design rainstorm.
In general, by the above technical scheme conceived by the present invention compared with prior art, it can obtain down and show
Beneficial effect：
(1) play heavy rain sample is divided into peak by the calculation method of Rainfall Pattern of Urban Design Storm provided by the invention first
Heavy rain sample after preceding heavy rain sample and peak；It is used further according to the rule that heavy rain sample behind heavy rain sample before peak and peak changes over time
Huff rainfall patterns method inquires into before peak heavy rain rainfall pattern after heavy rain rainfall pattern and peak respectively, then heavy rain rainfall pattern behind heavy rain rainfall pattern before peak and peak is closed
And；The difference of rainfall change rule before and after rain peak has been taken into full account in this processing procedure, has more been connect with actual rainfall
Closely so that the Rainfall Pattern of Urban Design Storm inquired into can preferably simulate actual rainfall；
(2) design storm pattern that the calculation method of Rainfall Pattern of Urban Design Storm provided by the invention is inquired into, rain peak
Position is different and different with what is lasted, overcomes the changeless deficiency in rainfall pattern rain peak position that Chicago rainfall pattern method is inquired into, more
Meet actual rainfall rule；It is calculated available for Urban Rain amount, sewerage system planning is with design, rainfall runoff simulation etc.
Aspect has better prediction effect, and effective support work is provided for planning and the design and Runoff Simulation of sewerage system
With.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram for the Rainfall Pattern of Urban Design Storm calculation method that embodiment is provided；
Fig. 2 is heavy rain rainfall pattern schematic diagram before the peak under 50% probability that Huff rainfall pattern methods is used to inquire into embodiment；
Fig. 3 is heavy rain rainfall pattern schematic diagram behind the peak under 50% probability that Huff rainfall pattern methods is used to inquire into embodiment；
Fig. 4 is heavy rain rainfall pattern schematic diagram before peak in embodiment after coordinate transform under 50% probability；
Fig. 5 is heavy rain rainfall pattern schematic diagram behind peak in embodiment after coordinate transform under 50% probability；
Fig. 6 be under certain 50% probability of city that method using the present invention is inquired into 24 it is small when design storm rainfall pattern signal
Figure；
Fig. 7 is that design storm Partition of rain process is illustrated when method using the present invention is small under certain 50% probability of city 24
Figure.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose , technical scheme and advantage of the present invention be clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, it is right
The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and
It is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below
Do not form conflict each other.
The calculation method for the Rainfall Pattern of Urban Design Storm that embodiment provides, flow is as shown in Figure 1, include the following steps：
(1) the rainfall series data surveyed according to history chooses n play heavy rain sample, according to play heavy rain Sample Maximal
N play heavy rain sample is divided into before n peak heavy rain sample after heavy rain sample and n peak by the location of rainfall；
(2) different probability is calculated to rain the peak coefficient r of play heavy rain samplepIt is sudden and violent that play is accounted for heavy rain sample rainfall before peak
The ratio α of the total rainfall of rain samplep, and inquired into respectively using Huff rainfall patterns method before the peak under different probability after heavy rain rainfall pattern and peak
Heavy rain rainfall pattern；Tool includes following sub-step：
(2.1) different probability is calculated to rain the peak coefficient r of play heavy rain samplep；
(2.2) heavy rain sample rainfall accounts for the ratio α of the total rainfall of play heavy rain sample before peak under calculating different probabilityp；
(2.3) heavy rain rainfall pattern after heavy rain rainfall pattern and peak is inquired into before the peak under different probability respectively using Huff rainfall patterns method；
(3) heavy rain rainfall pattern merges behind heavy rain rainfall pattern and peak before the peak for obtaining step (2) so that heavy rain rainfall pattern and peak before peak
The abscissa of heavy rain rainfall pattern intersection is the rain peak coefficient r of play heavy rain sample afterwardsp, ordinate is heavy rain sample rainfall before peak
Account for the ratio α of the total rainfall of play heavy rain samplep, specifically include following sub-step：
(3.1) rain the peak coefficient r of play heavy rain sample according to different probabilitypPlay is accounted for heavy rain sample rainfall before peak
The ratio α of the total rainfall of heavy rain samplep, heavy rain rainfall pattern and heavy rain rainfall pattern intersection behind peak before peak are determined under the same coordinate system respectively
Abscissa and ordinate；
(3.2) to behind heavy rain rainfall pattern before peak and peak heavy rain rainfall pattern carry out coordinate transform so that before peak heavy rain rainfall pattern first point and
The abscissa of heavy rain rainfall pattern end point and ordinate are constant behind peak, the first point phase of the end point and heavy rain rainfall pattern behind peak of heavy rain rainfall pattern before peak
Together, and the abscissa of the point and ordinate are respectively rpAnd αp；
(3.3) heavy rain rainfall pattern behind heavy rain rainfall pattern before the peak after coordinate transform and peak is merged into same coordinate system, made
Heavy rain rainfall pattern end point is overlapped with heavy rain rainfall pattern first point behind peak before obtaining peak, obtains the rainfall pattern of urban design rainstorm.
Inquire into 24 under its 50% probability below to inquire into 2002~2016 actual measurement rainfall data of certain city's precipitation station
Exemplified by hour design storm pattern, the calculation method of Rainfall Pattern of Urban Design Storm provided by the present invention is specifically described；Specific bag
Include following steps：
1st, play heavy rain is divided according to certain city's rainfall website actual measurement rainfall data of 2002~2016；
2nd, sample is selected according to the rainfall duration of each play heavy rain；In this example, rainfall duration is selected when 24 is small or so
Play heavy rain has selected 25 play heavy rain samples altogether as sample；
3rd, 25 play heavy rain samples are divided into 25 peaks according to the location of play heavy rain Sample Maximal rainfall
Heavy rain sample after preceding heavy rain sample and 25 peaks；
4th, 50% probability is calculated to rain the peak coefficient r of play heavy rain sample50%；Each play heavy rain sample is calculated first most
Time t residing for heavy rainfallr,iT is lasted with the play heavy rain sampleiRatio ri=tr,i/ti；Again by riLead to after descending arrangement
It crosses hydrological frequency and calculates the corresponding rain peak coefficient r of definite 50% probability50%=0.47；Wherein, i=1,2 ..., 25；
5th, heavy rain sample rainfall accounts for the ratio α of the total rainfall of play heavy rain sample before peak under 50% probability of calculating50%；It is first
First calculate heavy rain sample rainfall p before each peakr,iAccount for the total rainfall p of the play heavy rain sampleiRatio αi=pr,i/pi；Again will
αiHeavy rain sample rainfall accounts for play heavy rain sample before calculating the corresponding peak of 50% probability of acquisition by hydrological frequency after descending arrangement
The ratio α of this total rainfall50%=0.58；Wherein, i=1,2 ..., 25；
6th, according to the division result of heavy rain sample after heavy rain sample before peak and peak, 50% is inquired into respectively using Huff rainfall pattern methods
Heavy rain rainfall pattern behind heavy rain rainfall pattern and peak before peak under probability；It is to be inquired into the present embodiment using Huff rainfall pattern methods shown in Fig. 2
Heavy rain rainfall pattern before peak under 50% probability, after Fig. 3 is the peak under 50% probability inquired into the present embodiment using Huff rainfall pattern methods
Heavy rain rainfall pattern；
7th, coordinate transform is carried out to heavy rain rainfall pattern behind heavy rain rainfall pattern before peak under 50% probability and peak so that coordinate transform postpeak
The abscissa of heavy rain rainfall pattern end point and ordinate are constant after preceding heavy rain rainfall pattern first point and peak, before peak after the end point and peak of heavy rain rainfall pattern
The first point of heavy rain rainfall pattern is identical, and the abscissa of the point and ordinate are respectively r50%And α50%；It is the rainfall pattern of Fig. 2 shown in Fig. 4
It is the rainfall pattern of Fig. 3 by after coordinate transform shown in Fig. 5 by heavy rain rainfall pattern before the peak under 50% probability after coordinate transform
Heavy rain rainfall pattern behind peak under 50% probability arrived；
8th, heavy rain rainfall pattern behind heavy rain rainfall pattern before the peak under 50% probability after coordinate transform and peak is merged into same coordinate
System so that heavy rain rainfall pattern end point is overlapped with heavy rain rainfall pattern first point behind peak before peak, obtains the rainfall pattern of design storm under 50% probability.Figure
6 be the urban design rainstorm under 50% probability obtained after the heavy rain rainfall pattern shown in heavy rain rainfall pattern shown in Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is merged
Rainfall pattern；Design storm pattern under 50% obtained probability by rainfall duration is scaled and rainfall accumulative perception is converted into drop
Rainfall percentage, obtains the Partition of rain process of design storm under 50% probability, and Fig. 7 will be obtained after the processing of Fig. 6 rainfall patterns
Under 50% probability 24 it is small when design storm Partition of rain process.
Compared with the calculation method of existing design storm pattern, method provided by the invention is in the rain of Derivation Design heavy rain
The difference of rainfall rule before and after heavy rain rain peak is considered during type, the rain peak position for the design storm inquired into is with rainfall duration and drop
The variation of raininess degree and the defects of change, more meet actual rainfall, compensate for existing method, the urban design inquired into
Heavy rain rainfall pattern meets sewerage system planning and design and the requirement of urban waterlogging simulation.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to
The limitation present invention, all any modification, equivalent and improvement made within the spirit and principles of the invention etc., should all include
Within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of calculation method of Rainfall Pattern of Urban Design Storm, which is characterized in that include the following steps：
Play heavy rain sample is divided into before peak heavy rain sample after heavy rain sample and peak, and according to sudden and violent after heavy rain sample before peak and peak
The Annual distribution characteristic of rain sample inquires into before peak heavy rain rainfall pattern after heavy rain rainfall pattern and peak respectively using Huff rainfall patterns method；
Coordinate transform is carried out by heavy rain rainfall pattern behind heavy rain rainfall pattern before the peak to acquisition and peak, and will be sudden and violent before the peak after coordinate transform
Heavy rain rainfall pattern is merged into a coordinate system after rain rainfall pattern and peak, obtains rain peak position and changes with rainfall duration and rainfall intensity and become
The rainfall pattern of the urban design rainstorm of change；Include the following steps：
(I) different probability is calculated using hydrological frequency method to rain the peak coefficient r of play heavy rain samplep；Utilize hydrological frequency method
Heavy rain sample rainfall accounts for the ratio α of the total rainfall of play heavy rain sample before peak under calculating different probabilityp；According under different probability
The rain peak coefficient r of play heavy rain samplepThe ratio α of the total rainfall of play heavy rain sample is accounted for heavy rain sample rainfall before peakp, point
The abscissa and ordinate of heavy rain rainfall pattern and heavy rain rainfall pattern intersection behind peak before peak under the same coordinate system are not determined；
(II) coordinate transform is carried out to heavy rain rainfall pattern behind heavy rain rainfall pattern before peak and peak, keeps sudden and violent behind heavy rain rainfall pattern first point and peak before peak
The abscissa and ordinate of rain rainfall pattern end point are constant so that coordinate phase of the heavy rain rainfall pattern end point with heavy rain rainfall pattern first point behind peak before peak
Together, and abscissa and ordinate be respectively play heavy rain sample rain peak coefficient rpIt is sudden and violent that play is accounted for heavy rain sample rainfall before peak
The ratio α of the total rainfall of rain samplep；
(III) heavy rain rainfall pattern behind heavy rain rainfall pattern before the peak after coordinate transform and peak is merged into same coordinate system so that peak
Preceding heavy rain rainfall pattern end point is overlapped with heavy rain rainfall pattern first point behind peak, obtains the rainfall pattern of urban design rainstorm.
2. the calculation method of Rainfall Pattern of Urban Design Storm as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that according to play heavy rain sample
N play heavy rain sample is divided into before n peak heavy rain sample after heavy rain sample and n peak by the location of middle maximum rainfall
This；Heavy rain sample refers to the play heavy rain sample before the moment residing for maximum rainfall before the peak, and heavy rain sample is behind peak
Refer to the play heavy rain sample after the moment residing for maximum rainfall.
3. the calculation method of Rainfall Pattern of Urban Design Storm as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step (i) includes as follows
Sub-step：
(i.1) the time t residing for each play heavy rain Sample Maximal rainfall is calculatedr,iT is lasted with the play heavy rain sampleiRatio
Value ri=tr,i/ti；Wherein, i=1,2 ..., n；
(i.2) by above-mentioned ratio riIt arranges in descending order, and is calculated by hydrological frequency and obtain play heavy rain sample under different probability
Rain peak coefficient rp。
4. the calculation method of the Rainfall Pattern of Urban Design Storm as described in claim 1 or 3, which is characterized in that step (ii) includes
Following sub-step：
(ii.1) heavy rain sample rainfall p before each peak of calculatingr,iWith the total rainfall p of the play heavy rain sampleiRatio αi=
pr,i/pi；
(ii.2) by aforementioned proportion αiIt arranges in descending order, and passes through heavy rain sample before peak under hydrological frequency calculating acquisition different probability
Rainfall accounts for the ratio α of the total rainfall of play heavy rain samplep。
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| CN110866648A (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2020-03-06 | 北京建筑大学 | Urban short-duration rainstorm type construction method |
| CN112949046B (en) * | 2021-02-07 | 2022-11-29 | 郑州大学 | Method for calculating urban design double-peak rainstorm type |
| CN113204865B (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2022-10-11 | 武汉大学 | Urban design rainstorm type calculation method and system based on intrinsic orthogonal decomposition |
| CN113435661B (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2022-03-22 | 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院 | Method, device, medium, and apparatus for estimating rainstorm peak position |
| CN115730769B (en) * | 2022-11-25 | 2023-08-22 | 武汉大学 | Composite rain type construction method and device for evaluating drainage capacity of urban pipe network |
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| Title |
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| 马京津等.对两种不同取样方法Pilgrim&Cordery设计雨型的比较研究.《暴雨灾害》.2016,第35卷(第3期),第220－226页. * |
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