CN107015172B - A kind of rubidium atom magnetometer and its Measurement Method for Magnetic Field - Google Patents
A kind of rubidium atom magnetometer and its Measurement Method for Magnetic Field Download PDFInfo
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- CN107015172B CN107015172B CN201710270545.8A CN201710270545A CN107015172B CN 107015172 B CN107015172 B CN 107015172B CN 201710270545 A CN201710270545 A CN 201710270545A CN 107015172 B CN107015172 B CN 107015172B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of rubidium atom magnetometer and Measurement Method for Magnetic Field, are based on non-linear magneto-optical Principle of Rotating, control in conjunction with timing control and tracking mode frequency locking, and atom magnetometer realizes Larger Dynamic measurement range, highfield sample rate and high sensitivity.DSP time-sequence control module controls the switch of acousto-optic modulator, radio-frequency signal source in rubidium atom magnetometer physical part according to sequential combination, so as to adjust magnetic field sample rate N；DSP time-sequence control module also controls the trigger collection of data collecting card；Computing unit goes out Larmor precession frequency f using the received rubidium atom Larmor precession free relaxation signal Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of institute, then calculates external magnetic field value；According to the dynamic range for prejudging magnetic field to be measured, selection highfield sample rate module or downfield sample rate module before measurement, and whether setting uses tracking mode frequency locking operating mode when selecting downfield sample rate module, workflow realizes the acquisition and processing of data, and exports magnetic field value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to magnetic-field measurement fields, and in particular to a kind of Larger Dynamic measurement range, highfield sample rate and sensitive
The rubidium atom magnetometer and its Measurement Method for Magnetic Field of degree.
Background technique
In magnetic-field measurement field, the range of dynamic measurement of measuring instrument, magnetic field sample rate, sensitivity are three important fingers
Mark.The current optical pumped magnetometer (optical pumping magnetometer, OPM) for occurring Mz and Mx mode in the world,
Coherent Population Trapping imprisons (coherent population trapping, CPT) magnetometer, non-linear magneto-optical rotates (nonlinear
Magneto-optical rotation, NMOR) magnetometer, without spin-exchange relaxation (spin-exchange relaxation
Free, SERF) a variety of atom magnetometers such as magnetometer, " Liu Guobin, Sun Xianping, Gu Sihong, Feng Jiwen, Zhou Xin are highly sensitive for document
Degree atomic magnetic force meter progress physics, 2012,41:803 " reviews the domestic and international progress of above-mentioned several atom magnetometers.Its
In, it the characteristics of NMOR atom magnetometer is with highly sensitive and quick response, is actually being answered compared with other atom magnetometers
It is more advantageous in, and range of dynamic measurement it is small before be considered as NMOR magnetometer significant drawbacks.American National Standard
Number is used on the basis of frequency modulation(PFM) single beam NMOR atom magnetometer with the Kitching group of Institute for Research and Technology (NIST)
The realization of word phaselocked loop automatically tracks locking to Larmor precession frequency, realizes the range of dynamic measurement of 35nT~35000nT.
The domestic National University of Defense Technology has developed NMOR rubidium atom magnetometer, and measurement range is ± 60nT, and sensitivity reaches 1pT/Hz1 /2, particular reference " the rubidium nonmagnetic atom that Ding Zhichao, Li Yingying, Wang Zhiguo, Yang Kaiyong, Yuan Jie are detected based on Faraday rotation
Power instrument studies Chinese laser, 2015,42:0408003 ".In addition, " Dong Haobin, Zhang Changda quantum magnetometer comment on to document again
Journal of Engineering Geophysics, 2010,7 (4): 460-470 " describes at present the progress of quantum magnetometer both at home and abroad.China
Land resources airborne geophysical prospecting Remote sensing centre develop aviation helium light pump magnetic apparatus (HC-2000), measurement range be 35000nT~
65000nT, magnetic field sample rate can voluntarily adjust in 1~15Hz, and sensitivity reaches 3.0pT/Hz1/2.The auspicious sound oceanographic instrumentation in Hangzhou
The RS-HGB4B type aviation helium light pump magnetic apparatus that Co., Ltd releases, measurement range are 35000nT~70000nT, and sample rate is
0.2~10Hz, static noise≤0.01nT.On the whole, the development of domestic atom magnetometer is still in infancy, nonmagnetic atom
There are also very big rooms for promotion in the indexs such as sensitivity, measurement range, magnetic field sample rate for power instrument.
External several magnetometer product range of dynamic measurement are big, magnetic field sample rate is high, high sensitivity, such as nuclear industry aerial survey
Remote sensing centre introduce Scintrex company, Canada production CS-3 optical pumped magnetometer, measurement range for 15000nT~
105000nT, sensitivity 0.6pT/Hz1/2RMS, sample rate optional 1Hz, 10Hz, 100Hz.Canadian GEM system house is raw
The GSMP-30 type aviation potassium magnetometer measurement range of production is 20000nT~100000nT, sensitivity 0.7pT/Hz1/2@1Hz,
Magnetic field sample rate is 1,5,10,20Hz.Geometrics company, the U.S. is newest to be proposed G-824A type aviation cesium vapor magnetometer, measurement
Range is 20000nT~100000nT, and sensitivity is less than 0.2pT/Hz1/2RMS, magnetic field sample rate can reach 1000Hz, however in
This magnetometer of state's import needs to obtain U.S. export license, and the country is difficult to obtain this magnetometer in military industry field.
High performance magnetometer can be applied to that geomagnetic matching navigation, military magnetic anomaly be antisubmarine, mineral resources exploration, space magnetic field
Detection etc..The present invention is based on non-linear magneto-optical Principle of Rotating, control in conjunction with timing control and tracking mode frequency locking, provide a kind of big
Range of dynamic measurement, highfield sample rate, highly sensitive rubidium atom magnetometer, in magnetic-field measurement field in terms of several indexs
Domestic blank is filled up.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the present invention provides a kind of rubidium atom magnetometer and its Measurement Method for Magnetic Field, revolved based on non-linear magneto-optical
Turn principle, controlled in conjunction with timing control and tracking mode frequency locking, realizes Larger Dynamic measurement range, highfield sample rate and highly sensitive
Degree.
In order to solve the above technical problems, specific method of the present invention are as follows:
A kind of rubidium atom magnetometer, including rubidium atom magnetometer physical part, DSP time-sequence control module, data collecting card
And computing unit；
DSP time-sequence control module, for controlling acousto-optic modulator in rubidium atom magnetometer physical part according to sequential combination
The switch of AOM, radio-frequency signal source；Also according to the trigger collection of sequential combination control data collecting card；
Computing unit is become using the received rubidium atom Larmor precession free relaxation signal fast Fourier of data collecting card
The Larmor precession frequency that swaps out f, then calculates external magnetic field value；There is downfield sample rate module and highfield in computing unit
Sample rate module, dynamic range of the computing unit according to magnetic field to be measured, selection highfield sample rate module or downfield before measuring
Sample rate module, and when selecting downfield sample rate module, whether setting uses tracking mode frequency locking operating mode, is selected
Highfield sample rate module or downfield sample rate module execute acquisition and processing that itself workflow realizes data, and it is defeated
Magnetic field value out；
Computing unit realizes the setting of magnetic field sample rate N by the sequential combination of setting DSP time-sequence control module.
Preferably, the time cooperation relationship of the sequential combination are as follows: the switch periods of AOM are T=1/N, and the opening time is
t1；Radio-frequency signal source is opened when AOM is closed, opening time t2；Data collecting card is when radio-frequency signal source is closed
Trigger data acquisition.
Preferably, computing unit realizes that interface includes downfield sample rate module and height using Labview software programming
Magnetic field sample rate module, wherein downfield sample rate module may be selected whether radio-frequency signal source output frequency uses tracking mode to lock
Frequently.
Preferably, the downfield sample rate module acquires a rubidium atom magnetometer work for controlling data collecting card
Rubidium atom Larmor precession free relaxation signal after radio-frequency signal source is closed during work carries out in quick Fu acquisition signal
Leaf transformation obtains Larmor precession frequency f, calculates a magnetic field value according to Larmor precession frequency f and export；
Whether the downfield sample rate module works in tracking also according to preset atom magnetometer before running
Formula frequency locking mode carries out the frequency control of radio-frequency signal source: in selected tracking mode frequency locking mode, downfield sample rate module will
It calculates the Larmor precession frequency f obtained and is sent to radio-frequency signal source, for changing the output frequency of radio-frequency signal source, then weigh
New control data collecting card acquires the rubidium atom Larmor precession in the magnetometer course of work next time after radio-frequency signal source closing
Free relaxation signal carries out circular treatment；Magnetic field sample rate N setting in this case is less than or equal to 20Hz；When not selected tracking
When formula frequency locking mode, the output frequency of radio-frequency signal source is definite value, and sample rate N in magnetic field is within the scope of 1Hz~100Hz in this case
It is adjustable, for measuring the magnetic fluctuation being greater than near a certain stationary magnetic field of 5000nT；
When highfield sample rate module works, the output frequency of radio-frequency signal source is definite value；Highfield sample rate module is used
The signal data that the n times magnetometer course of work generates in one second is acquired in control data collecting card；I-th is intercepted in acquisition data
Rubidium atomic magnetic moment Larmor precession free relaxation signal after radio-frequency signal source is closed in the secondary magnetometer course of work；To the freedom
Relaxation signals carry out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), obtain Larmor precession frequency f, and further calculate external magnetic field value and export；Enable i
1~N is successively traversed, until exporting N number of external magnetic field value；Then control data collecting card acquires n times magnetometer work in one second again
Make the signal data of process generation, carries out circular treatment；Magnetic field sample rate can within the scope of 100Hz~1000Hz in this case
It adjusts, for measuring the magnetic fluctuation being greater than near a certain stationary magnetic field of 5000nT.
Preferably, rubidium atom magnetometer physical part includes optically pumped laser and its frequency stabilization system, the slide of AOM, λ/4, visits
It surveys laser, polarizing film, rf magnetic field coil, rubidium and steeps heating module, rubidium bubble, polarization splitting prism PBS, two photodetections
Device, differential amplifier circuit and radio-frequency signal source；
Outer magnetic field directionParallel with pumping light direction, the pumping laser of optically pumped laser and its frequency stabilization system generation passes through
AOM and 1/4 slide form circularly polarized light and act on rubidium bubble；By the switch control of AOM, when pumping laser being enabled to act on one section
Between t1After close, open radio-frequency signal source give rf magnetic field coil input setting duration t2Radiofrequency sinusoidal signal, driving rubidium bubble in
Rubidium atomic magnetic moment precession to the plane vertical with external magnetic field in；The exploring laser light that detecting laser generates passes through polarizing film, at
It is steeped for linearly polarized light across rubidium, then two-way is divided by PBS, respectively by two photodetectors, subsequently into differential amplification
Circuit, by differential amplification output rubidium atomic magnetic moment around the Larmor precession signal of external magnetic field.
Preferably, rubidium bubble heating module structural member uses non-magnetic polytetrafluoroethylene material, and heating method is exchange nothing
Magnetic heating；In the work of rubidium atom magnetometer, rubidium bubble temperature is 100 DEG C.
Preferably, data collecting card uses the PCI-5922 data collecting card of U.S. NI company.
The present invention also provides a kind of Measurement Method for Magnetic Field using above-mentioned rubidium atom magnetometer, include the following steps:
Step 1: optically pumped laser and its frequency stabilization system, AOM, detecting laser, rubidium bubble heating module, difference is respectively started
Divide amplifying circuit, computing unit, DSP time-sequence control module, radio-frequency signal source, rubidium bubble heating block temperature is waited to stablize；
Step 2: setting optically pumped laser and its frequency stabilization system work in87In the D1 line jump frequency of Rb, setting detection swashs
Light device frequency ratio87The infrared detuning 4GHz of D1 line jump frequency of Rb；
Step 3: magnetic field to be measuredDirection it is parallel with pumping light direction；By rf magnetic field coil, rubidium bubble heating module,
Rubidium bubble is placed in the magnetic shielding barrel containing field coil to be measured, and the input current value for adjusting field coil to be measured in magnetic shielding barrel can change
Become magnetic field size to be measured；
Step 4: atom magnetometer is set separately by the sequential combination of setting DSP time-sequence control module in computing unit
Duty cycle, the pumping light action duration of AOM control, the radio frequency field action duration of radio-frequency signal source control and data acquisition
The trigger collection of card realizes the setting of the magnetic field sample rate N of atom magnetometer；
Step 5: highfield sample rate module or downfield sample rate module that computing unit is selected according to the external world, and
Whether what is set when selecting downfield sample rate module uses tracking mode frequency locking operating mode, executes corresponding workflow point
The acquisition and processing of Zhi Shixian data, and export magnetic field value.
Beneficial effect
The present invention is based on non-linear magneto-optical Principle of Rotating, control in conjunction with timing control and tracking mode frequency locking, realize big dynamic
State measurement range, highfield sample rate and high sensitivity.Specifically:
(1) current domestic optical pumped magnetometer magnetic-field measurement range is substantially in 30000nT~70000nT, atom of the invention
Magnetometer magnetic-field measurement range can reach 100nT~100000nT, effectively widen the measurement range of magnetometer.
(2) the magnetic field sample rate of current domestic magnetometer is mostly in 20Hz hereinafter, atom magnetometer of the invention is measuring
Within the scope of 5000nT~100000nT when magnetic field, magnetic field sample rate can (note: magnetic field sampling adjustable within the scope of 1Hz~1000Hz
Rate, which is greater than 20Hz, to be controlled using tracking mode frequency locking, and radio frequency source output frequency is definite value, be suitable for measuring a certain stationary magnetic field
The magnetic fluctuation within the scope of ± 1000nT nearby), fill up the sky of the domestic highfield sample rate technology in magnetic-field measurement field
It is white.
(3) sensitivity of domestic magnetometer at present is in 3.0pT/Hz1/2Near, atom magnetometer of the invention measures 500nT
When magnetic field, magnetic field sample rate is set as 10Hz, atom magnetometer sensitivity index reaches 0.2pT/Hz1/2@1Hz (noise power spectrum
Density).
(4) present invention is the dual-beam rubidium atom magnetometer based on non-linear magneto-optical Principle of Rotating, with current single beam light
Pump magnetometer is compared, it is stronger to the tracking lock ability of mutation external magnetic field.Such as tracking optical pumping magnetometer is by quickly changing
Varying firing rate field frequencies range finds magnetic resonance point, so that the light intensity through rubidium bubble is remained most weak, i.e. tracking mode frequency locking.In order to obtain height
Sensitivity, it is small that rubidium optical pumped magnetometer requires the line width of rubidium bubble to have to, however when external magnetic field changes quickly, tracking mode optical pumping magnetic
The output of power instrument may lag many, magnetometer can losing lock, generating the data unrelated with external magnetic field, (discussion is detailed in that " Dong Haobin opens
It is prosperous to comment on Journal of Engineering Geophysics, 2010,7 (4): 460-470 " again up to quantum magnetometer).The present invention describe based on non-
The dual-beam rubidium atom magnetometer of linear Magneto-optic Rotation principle can instantaneous tracking lock when external magnetic field is mutated 10000nT.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is rubidium atom magnetometer system construction drawing of the present invention.
In figure: 1- optically pumped laser and its frequency stabilization system, 2- acousto-optic modulator (AOM), the slide of 3- λ/4,4- detection
Laser, 5- polarizing film, 6- rf magnetic field coil, 7- rubidium steep heating module, 8- rubidium bubble, 9- polarization splitting prism
(PBS), 10,11- photodetector, 12- differential amplifier circuit, 13- computing unit (computer), 14-PCI-5922 number
According to capture card, 15-DSP time-sequence control module, 16- radio-frequency signal source.
Fig. 2 is atom magnetometer range of dynamic measurement and the tracking lock ability to mutation magnetic field.
In figure: (a) part indicates that atom magnetometer measurement range is 100nT~100000nT.(b) it is indicated with the part (c)
Tracking lock ability of the atom magnetometer to 10000nT mutation magnetic field.The measurement of the above three width figure all uses tracking mode frequency locking
Mode.
Time diagram and measured data when Fig. 3 is atom magnetometer work.
In figure: (a) part indicates atom magnetometer time diagram, marked in figure atom magnetometer duty cycle T,
Pumping laser a length of t when acting on1, RF magnetic field effect when a length of t2；Decline of the PCI-5922 capture card in radio frequency field action timing
Along trigger data acquisition.(b) data obtained under 10000nT magnetic field environment are partially indicated, at work in sequence: T=10ms,
T1=3ms, t2=0.1ms, the timing magnetic field sample rate are 100Hz.(c) be partial data in (b) amplification.
Fig. 4 is setting RF magnetic field effect duration t2Process.
In figure: it is partially (a) first to set the atom magnetometer duty cycle as 20ms under conditions of external magnetic field 10000nT,
Pumping light action duration is 3ms, and radio frequency field action duration is 10ms, and it is 70kHz that radio-frequency signal source 16, which exports sinusoidal signal frequency,
The amplitude that radio-frequency signal source 16 exports sinusoidal signal is adjusted later, determines that radio frequency field action duration (is adjusted in figure with the pi/2 burst length
It saves to 0.1ms).It (b) is partially to set the atom magnetometer duty cycle as 20ms, pumping light action duration is 3ms, and radiofrequency field is made
The rubidium atomic magnetic moment precession relaxation signals obtained after used time a length of 0.1ms.
Fig. 5 is the Labview work flow diagram for obtaining 100Hz (containing) downfield sample rate module below.When in process
When selecting frequency-tracking locking, the output frequency of Labview real-time control radio-frequency signal source 16.
Fig. 6 is the Labview work flow diagram for obtaining the highfield 100Hz or more sample rate module.
Fig. 7 is the experimental data that atom magnetometer is acquired and handled with the magnetic field 1000Hz sample rate.
In figure: (a) part indicates the partial data that one cycle acquisition is carried out with the workflow of Fig. 6, in the 20ms time
Interior atom magnetometer has 20 duty cycles, i.e. magnetic field sample rate is 1000Hz；(b) part indicates during one-shot measurement
Timing: pumping light action 0.3ms, radio frequency field action 0.1ms, magnetic moment are 0.6ms around the free relaxation time of external magnetic field precession；
(c) part indicates that the measurement result to 100Hz sine alternating magnetic field, alternating magnetic field range are 10000nT ± 100nT.
Fig. 8 is atom magnetometer with the test result of the magnetic field 1000Hz sample rate measurement alternating magnetic field.
In figure: (a), (b), (c) part respectively be measurement 10000nT ± 1nT, 10000nT ± 10nT, 10000nT ±
The result of 100Hz sine alternating magnetic field in 1000nT magnetic field range；(d) in measurement 10000nT ± 100nT magnetic field range
The result of 500Hz square wave alternating magnetic field.
Fig. 9 be external magnetic field be 500nT when atom magnetometer sensitivity test result.
In figure: being partially (a) free relaxation signal of the rubidium atomic magnetic moment around external magnetic field precession；(b) be (a) Fourier become
It changes, curve matching can get Larmor precession frequency；(c) part indicates Labview data acquisition and processing (DAP) software with 10Hz magnetic
The measured data that quarry sampling rate obtains, environmental magnetic field are about 500.4nT, and illustration shows that the magnetic field resolution ratio of atom magnetometer is
0.1pT；(d) part indicates noise power spectral density, and display atom magnetometer is about 0.2pT/Hz in 1Hz frequency point sensitivity1/2。
Specific embodiment
Illustrate the embodiment of the present invention below with reference to accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is Larger Dynamic measurement range of the present invention, highfield sample rate, highly sensitive rubidium atom magnetometer comprising
Rubidium atom magnetometer physical part, DSP time-sequence control module 15, data collecting card 14 and computing unit 13.
Rubidium atom magnetometer physical part specifically include optically pumped laser and its frequency stabilization system 1, acousto-optic modulator (AOM) 2,
The slide of λ/4 3, detecting laser 4, polarizing film 5, rf magnetic field coil 6, rubidium bubble heating module 7, rubidium steep 8, polarization splitting prism
(PBS) 9, two photodetectors 10 and 11, differential amplifier circuit 12 and radio-frequency signal source 16.Wherein, 8 setting of rubidium bubble is steeped in rubidium
Inside heating module 7.Rf magnetic field coil 6 is Helmholtz coil, and rubidium bubble heating module 7 is placed in Helmholtz coil center.
The physical process of atom magnetometer work is:
Outer magnetic field direction795nm pumping parallel with pumping light direction, being come out from optically pumped laser and its frequency stabilization system 1
Laser passes through acousto-optic modulator (AOM) 2 and 1/4 slide 3, forms circularly polarized light and acts on rubidium bubble 8, by rubidium atomic magnetic moment pumping
In outer magnetic field direction；By the switch control of AOM 2, pumping laser is enabled to act on a period of time t1After close, open radiofrequency signal
The input setting of rf magnetic field coil 6 duration t is given in source 162Radiofrequency sinusoidal signal, driving rubidium bubble 8 in rubidium atomic magnetic moment precession arrive
In the plane vertical with external magnetic field；The exploring laser light that detecting laser 4 generates passes through polarizing film 5, becomes linearly polarized light across rubidium
Bubble 8, then two-way is divided by PBS 9, it is received by two photodetectors 10 and 11, amplifies by differential amplifier circuit 12 respectively
Export the Larmor precession signal of rubidium atomic magnetic moment.
DSP time-sequence control module controls the working sequence of AOM, radio-frequency signal source and data collecting card.13 benefit of computing unit
Larmor precession frequency is converted out with the received rubidium atomic magnetic moment Larmor precession signal Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of data collecting card 14
Rate f then calculates external magnetic field value.
Four important differences of the invention are:
1, it joined the timing control of DSP time-sequence control module 15, to realize the Physics Work process of atom magnetometer, together
When realize atom magnetometer magnetic field variable sample rate.
Most of rubidium atom magnetometer does not need timing control in the prior art, that is, does not need to AOM 2, radio frequency letter
Number source 16 and data collecting card 14 carry out switch control, it is only necessary to acquire data and handle.The reason is that, these technologies are closed
The implementation method infused in magnetometer research contents in a certain respect or measuring principle is different from the present invention, and the present invention is necessary
Carry out timing control.Radio-frequency signal source has one section of atomic magnetic moment precession free relaxation signal, this section after closing in timing control
Radiofrequency field and pumping light are all the states closed in time, avoid their influences to atomic magnetic moment precession signal, are calculated single
Member 13 intercepts this segment signal post-processing magnetic field value out.Computing unit 13 can set the sequential combination of DSP time-sequence control module 15,
The setting of magnetic field sample rate N is realized, to realize the variable of magnetic field sample rate.
2, using the pumping based on non-linear magneto-optical Principle of Rotating-detection type dual-beam measurement method.
Document " Liu Guobin, Sun Xianping, Gu Sihong, Feng Jiwen, Zhou Xin high sensitivity atomic magnetic force meter progress object
It manages, 2012, details the progress of external NMOR atom magnetometer in 41:803 ", in order to solve NMOR magnetometer dynamic measurement model
Small disadvantage is enclosed, the Kitching group of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is in warbled single beam NMOR
On the basis of atom magnetometer using digital phase-locked loop realization locking is automatically tracked to Larmor precession frequency, realize 35nT~
The range of dynamic measurement of 35000nT is specifically detailed in bibliography " Schwindt P D D, Hollberg L, Kitching
J.Self-oscillating rubidium magnetometer using nonlinear magneto-optical
rotation.Review of Scientific Instruments,2005,76:126103".It is based on Ktiching group
Warbled single beam NMOR atom magnetometer is different, and the present invention uses pumping-detection type dual-beam measurement method, passes through survey
Larmor precession signal of the amount rubidium atomic magnetic moment in external magnetic field carrys out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and goes out Larmor precession frequency.National defence section
Skill university also studied the pumping based on non-linear magneto-optical Principle of Rotating-detection type dual-beam measurement method, but in the present invention
Measurement method, data acquisition and processing method are different in appearance, specifically refer to document " Ding Zhichao, Li Yingying, Wang Zhiguo, Yang Kai
Bravely, Yuan Jie studies Chinese laser, 2015,42:0408003 ", Yi Jiwen based on the rubidium atom magnetometer that Faraday rotation detects
Offer " the research Acta Physica Sinica of Wang Zhiguo, Luo Hui, Fan Zhenfang, Xie Yuanping Polarimetric detection type rubidium atom magnetometer, 2016,21:
210702”。
3, data collecting card 14 uses the data collecting card of high-speed, to improve data sampling rate.
Atom magnetometer of the present invention need to measure Larmor precession signal of the atomic magnetic moment around external magnetic field when working, and by the letter
Number Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) goes out Larmor precession frequency.Therefore, the present invention needs the data collecting card using quick sampling, in height
Enough data processings can be obtained under the sample rate of magnetic field goes out high-precision external magnetic field value.
4, the present invention is designed for Larger Dynamic measurement range and two aspect content of highfield sample rate, therefore is calculated single
It include downfield sample rate module and highfield sample rate module in member 13, wherein radio frequency may be selected in downfield sample rate module
Whether 16 output frequency of signal source uses tracking mode frequency locking.Downfield sample rate mould is selected when Larger Dynamic measurement range to be realized
The tracking mode frequency locking mode operation measurement procedure of block, magnetic field sample rate are less than 20Hz (containing)；When to measure greater than 5000nT certain
Near one stationary magnetic field when the magnetic fluctuation of small dynamic range, passes through setting DSP sequential combination and data acquire and the stream of processing
Journey endless form realizes that magnetic field sample rate is adjustable within the scope of 1Hz~1000Hz.
According to aforementioned four feature, data collecting card 14 of the present invention, DSP time-sequence control module 15 and computing unit 13 are set
Meter scheme are as follows:
Data collecting card 14 is possessed currently on the market most using the data collecting card of the PCI-5922 model of U.S. NI company
High resolution ratio and highest dynamic range can be sampled in any point between 24 500kS/s to 16 15MS/s.
DSP time-sequence control module 15 is according to sequential combination, to AOM 2, radio-frequency signal source 16 and the acquisition of PCI-5922 data
Block 14 incoming level trigger signals, respectively control action in the pumping laser on or off of rubidium bubble 8, RF magnetic field on or off and
The trigger collection of PCI-5922 data collecting card 14.The time cooperation relationship of the sequential combination are as follows: the switch periods of AOM 2 are T
=1/N, opening time t1；Radio-frequency signal source 16 is opened when AOM 2 is closed, opening time t2；Data collecting card 14
Trigger data acquisition when radio-frequency signal source 16 is closed, as shown in Figure 3.2 opening state of AOM makes rubidium atomic magnetic moment by pole
Change onto the direction parallel with external magnetic field；Radio-frequency signal source makes the precession of rubidium atomic magnetic moment to vertical with external magnetic field in 16 action time
Plane in；The triggering collection when radio-frequency signal source 16 is opened of data collecting card 14 intercepts oneself after radio-frequency signal source 16 is closed
By relaxation signals and handle out magnetic field value.
The design of computing unit 13 has data acquisition and processing routine, and the design parameter of data collecting card, example are set in program
Such as sample rate, signal interception position, signal intercept duration information, are drawn using the 14 received rubidium atomic magnetic moment of institute of data collecting card
More's precession signal calculates Larmor precession frequency f, then calculates external magnetic field value.In practical programs design, in order to realize height
Magnetic field sample rate devises two different processing modules, respectively downfield sample rate module and highfield sample rate module,
Dynamic range of the computing unit 13 according to magnetic field to be measured, selection highfield sample rate module or downfield sample rate mould before measuring
Block, and whether setting uses tracking mode frequency locking operating mode, chosen highfield when selecting downfield sample rate module
Sample rate module or downfield sample rate module execute itself workflow and realize the acquisition and processing of data, and export external magnetic field
Value.Specifically:
Downfield sample rate module, as shown in figure 5, controlling data collecting card 14 for after atom magnetometer is activated
The rubidium atom Larmor precession free relaxation signal after radio-frequency signal source 16 is closed in a magnetometer course of work is acquired, to this
Signal carries out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), obtains Larmor precession frequency f, calculates a magnetic according to Larmor precession frequency f
Field value simultaneously exports.Atom magnetometer needs whether setting atom magnetometer works in tracking mode frequency locking mode before being activated: selected
When tracking mode frequency locking mode, downfield sample rate module is sent to radio-frequency signal source for the Larmor precession frequency f obtained is calculated
16, for changing the output frequency of radio-frequency signal source 16, then control data collecting card 14 acquires magnetometer work next time again
Rubidium atom Larmor precession free relaxation signal after radio-frequency signal source 16 is closed during work carries out circular treatment, the situation
Sample rate setting in lower magnetic field is less than 20Hz (containing), for realizing the magnetic-field measurement within the scope of Larger Dynamic；When not selected tracking mode lock
When frequency mode, the output frequency of radio-frequency signal source 16 is definite value, and magnetic field sample rate can within the scope of 1Hz~100Hz in this case
It adjusts, for measuring the magnetic fluctuation of small dynamic range near a certain stationary magnetic field for being greater than 5000nT.
Highfield sample rate module, as shown in fig. 6, the output frequency of radio-frequency signal source 16 is definite value, in nonmagnetic atom
After power instrument is activated, control data collecting card 14 acquires the signal data that the n times magnetometer course of work generates in one second；It is acquiring
The rubidium atomic magnetic moment Larmor precession free relaxation signal of the i-th magnetometer course of work is intercepted in data；To the free relaxation
Signal carries out Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), obtains Larmor precession frequency f, and further calculate external magnetic field value and export；Enable i successively
1~N is traversed, until exporting N number of external magnetic field value；Then control data collecting card 14 acquires n times magnetometer work in one second again
The signal data that process generates carries out circular treatment.Magnetic field sample rate can within the scope of 100Hz~1000Hz in this case
It adjusts, for measuring the magnetic fluctuation of small dynamic range near a certain stationary magnetic field for being greater than 5000nT.It is adopted by parallel data
Collection and processing, it can be achieved that under the sample rate of highfield external magnetic field continuous measurement.
In above-mentioned two processing module in the case that the output frequency of radio-frequency signal source (16) is definite value, for surveying
Amount greater than 5000nT a certain stationary magnetic field nearby small dynamic range magnetic fluctuation, the output frequency of radio-frequency signal source (16) with
The corresponding Larmor precession frequency in stationary magnetic field matches.Magnetic fluctuation range suggestion is less than ± 1000nT, and magnetometer is defeated at this time
Magnetic field value precision out is higher；If magnetic fluctuation range is larger, when the output frequency of radio-frequency signal source (16) is corresponding with magnetic field
Larmor precession frequency difference it is larger when, magnetometer output free relaxation signal amplitude it is smaller, cause magnetometer precision drop
Low, long-term measurement may export several data unrelated with external magnetic field.
When actual measurement magnetic field, magnetic field sample rate is set in 100nT~5000nT magnetic field range to be measured and is less than 20Hz, this
It is due to the Larmor precession frequency that describes of the present invention is the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) curve matching by free relaxation sinusoidal signal
Obtain, it is necessary to assure the sinusoidal free relaxation signal in acquisition multiple enough periods can Accurate Curve-fitting go out Larmor precession frequently
Rate.The corresponding Larmor precession frequency range of 100nT~5000nT is 700Hz~35000Hz, cannot be set under downfield
High magnetic field sample rate.
The measurement of above-mentioned rubidium atom magnetometer and data acquisition process scheme are as follows, comprising:
Step 1: optically pumped laser and its frequency stabilization system 1, AOM 2, detecting laser 4, rubidium bubble heating module is respectively started
7, differential amplifier circuit 12, computing unit 13, DSP time-sequence control module 15, radio-frequency signal source 16 wait rubidium to steep heating module 7
Temperature is stablized.
In this step, rubidium is steeped 7 structural member of heating module and is processed using non-magnetic polytetrafluoroethylene material, and heating method is
Exchange is heated without magnetic, and temperature is 100 DEG C when magnetometer works.
Step 2: setting optically pumped laser and its frequency stabilization system 1 work in87In the D1 line jump frequency of Rb, setting detection
4 frequency ratio of laser87The infrared detuning 4GHz of D1 line jump frequency of Rb.
Step 3: magnetic field to be measuredDirection it is parallel with pumping light direction.Rf magnetic field coil 6, rubidium are steeped into heating module
7, rubidium bubble 8 is placed in the magnetic shielding barrel containing field coil to be measured, adjusts the input current value of field coil to be measured in magnetic shielding barrel
Magnetic field size to be measured can be changed.
Step 4: computing unit 13 sets the sequential combination of DSP time-sequence control module 15, atom magnetometer is set separately
The radio frequency field action duration and PCI- of pumping light action duration, the control of radio-frequency signal source 16 that duty cycle, AOM 2 are controlled
The trigger collection of 5922 data collecting cards 14 realizes the setting of atom magnetometer magnetic field sample rate N.
Step 5: highfield sample rate module or downfield sample rate module that computing unit 13 is selected according to the external world, with
And when selecting downfield sample rate module, whether setting uses tracking mode frequency locking operating mode, and it is real to execute corresponding flow chart branches
The acquisition and processing of existing data, and export magnetic field value.
In above-mentioned steps four, need to set the sinusoidal signal that radio-frequency signal source 16 exports appropriate amplitude, to obtain signal width
Spend maximum rubidium atomic magnetic moment precession free relaxation signal.Fig. 3 provides time diagram and actual measurement when atom magnetometer works
Data.Fig. 4 provides the process of setting RF magnetic field effect duration: behind the magnetic field for generating 10000nT in magnetic shielding barrel, first setting is former
The sub- magnetometer duty cycle is 20ms, and pumping light action duration is 3ms, and radio frequency field action duration is 10ms, radio-frequency signal source 16
Output sinusoidal signal frequency is 70kHz, the amplitude that radio-frequency signal source 16 exports sinusoidal signal is adjusted, from Labview software windows
Middle observation determines that (we are adjusted to radio frequency field action duration in 5000nT~100000nT measurement range with the pi/2 burst length
0.1ms), the signal amplitude that radio-frequency signal source 16 measures after closing at this time is maximum, and physical significance is the radiofrequency field of specific duration
Make in rubidium atomic magnetic moment precession to the plane vertical with external magnetic field.After the setting of radiofrequency field action time, in magnetometer range ability
It inside no longer needs to be arranged.
In above-mentioned steps four~five, computing unit 13 can set DSP time-sequence control module 15 before measurement procedure operation
Sequential combination cooperates Labview data acquisition and processing (DAP) software in computing unit 13, realizes that atom magnetometer magnetic field sample rate exists
It is adjustable within the scope of 1Hz~1000Hz.The setting of magnetic field sample rate will guarantee to realize the acquisition of rubidium atomic magnetic moment precession signal
And processing: when magnetometer measurement range is 5000nT~100000nT, magnetic field sample rate can within the scope of 1Hz~1000Hz
It adjusts；When magnetometer measurement range is 100nT~5000nT, magnetic field sample rate can be set in 20Hz or less.It is noted that step 4
Described in the atom magnetometer duty cycle may be associated with the actual magnetic field sample rate of atom magnetometer, atom magnetometer
Physical part is continuous work, and data acquisition possibly can not collect all data, this is because Labview number
Data acquisition can not be carried out simultaneously when doing data processing according to acquisition and processing software, therefore in setting magnetic field sample rate
When to consider Windows processing speed limitation and Labview program operation delay.As previously mentioned, being set in computing unit 13
Two different processing modules, respectively two kinds of situations of downfield sample rate module and highfield sample rate module have been counted, and
When selecting downfield sample rate module, whether setting uses tracking mode frequency locking operating mode.
In above-mentioned steps four~five, tracking mode frequency locking operating mode, atom are set when selecting downfield sample rate module
Magnetometer not only has biggish range of dynamic measurement, and has good tracking lock ability to mutation magnetic field.Fig. 2 measurement
The result shows that: atom magnetometer range of dynamic measurement is 100nT~100000nT；Near earth's magnetic field, when external magnetic field changes suddenly
When becoming 10000nT, atom magnetometer being capable of rapid tracking lock.
In above-mentioned steps four~five, when selecting highfield sample rate module, it is attached that atom magnetometer can measure stationary magnetic field
The faint alternating magnetic field of nearly low frequency.Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 gives atom magnetometer with the magnetic field 1000Hz sample rate acquisition alternating magnetic field
As a result, frequency is less than 500Hz (containing) the experimental results showed that it is 1nT~1000nT that atom magnetometer, which can measure amplitude range,
Alternating magnetic field.
In above-mentioned steps three, adjusting magnetic field in magnetic shielding barrel is about 500nT, and magnetic field is set in step 4~five and is adopted
Sample rate is 10Hz, the magnetic field data for measuring 5 minutes is done noise power spectral density analysis, as shown in Figure 9.The result shows that nonmagnetic atom
The sensitivity index of power instrument reaches 0.2pT/Hz1/2@1Hz, the magnetic field resolution ratio of atom magnetometer are 0.1pT.
Following measurement function may be implemented in rubidium atom magnetometer of the invention: 1) can 100nT in accurate measurement magnetic shielding cylinder
Static magnetic field within the scope of~100000nT.2) within the scope of 5000nT~100000nT external magnetic field, atom magnetometer can be real
Existing magnetic field sample rate is adjustable within the scope of 1Hz~1000Hz.3) when magnetic field sample rate is 1000Hz, atom magnetometer can be surveyed
Amount amplitude range is 1nT~1000nT, and frequency is less than the alternating magnetic field of 500Hz (containing).4) near earth's magnetic field, when external magnetic field is prominent
When so changing 10000nT, atom magnetometer being capable of rapid tracking lock.5) when external magnetic field is 500nT, magnetic field sample rate is 10Hz
When, atom magnetometer sensitivity index reaches 0.2pT/Hz1/2@1Hz (noise power spectral density).6) magnetic field of atom magnetometer
Resolution ratio reaches 0.1pT.
The following examples are provided with alternating magnetic field near 10000nT in the magnetic field 1000Hz sample rate measurement magnetic shielding barrel
Experimentation, specific implementation step are as follows:
(1) optically pumped laser and its frequency stabilization system 1, AOM 2, detecting laser 4, rubidium bubble heating module 7, poor is respectively started
Point amplifying circuit 12, computing unit 13, DSP time-sequence control module 15, radio-frequency signal source 16, rubidium steep the selection of heating module 7 with
10kHz exchange waits rubidium bubble 7 temperature of heating module to stablize without magnetic heating method.
(2) it sets optically pumped laser and its frequency stabilization system 1 works in87In the D1 line jump frequency of Rb, exploring laser light is set
4 frequency ratio of device87The infrared detuning 4GHz of D1 line jump frequency of Rb.
(3) present invention magnetic field to be measuredDirection it is parallel with pumping light direction.In this specification by rf magnetic field coil 6,
Rubidium bubble heating module 7, rubidium bubble 8 are placed in the magnetic shielding barrel containing field coil to be measured, a Precision Current Component and a signal hair
Raw device output end is connected in parallel in the field coil to be measured in magnetic shielding barrel, for generating the alternating magnetic field near 10000nT.
(4) computer 13 sets the sequential combination of DSP time-sequence control module 15, and the work week of atom magnetometer is set separately
Phase is 1ms, and the radio frequency field action duration that the pumping light action duration that AOM 2 is controlled is 0.3ms, radio-frequency signal source 16 controls is
14 data of 0.1ms, PCI-5922 data collecting card are acquired to be triggered with the failing edge of 16 control sequential of radio-frequency signal source, in Fig. 2
(a) shown in part.Above-mentioned set can be realized atom magnetometer magnetic field sample rate as 1000Hz.
(5) setting Precision Current Component output current value provides the background magnetic field of 10000nT, changes signal generator output
Amplitude and frequency can generate alternating magnetic field in magnetic shielding barrel.With the Labview Survey Software of independent research in computing unit 13
It selects sample rate module in highfield as shown in FIG. 6 to work, acquire signal and exports magnetic field value.Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 is atom magnetometer
With the experimental result of the magnetic field 1000Hz sample rate measurement alternating magnetic field.
In conclusion the above is merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, being not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in of the invention
Within protection scope.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of rubidium atom magnetometer, which is characterized in that including rubidium atom magnetometer physical part, DSP time-sequence control module
(15), data collecting card (14) and computing unit (13)；
DSP time-sequence control module (15), for controlling acousto-optic modulator in rubidium atom magnetometer physical part according to sequential combination
The switch of AOM (2), radio-frequency signal source (16)；Also according to the trigger collection of sequential combination control data collecting card (14)；
Computing unit (13) utilizes in quick Fu of data collecting card (14) received rubidium atom Larmor precession free relaxation signal
Leaf transformation goes out Larmor precession frequency f, then calculates external magnetic field value；There is downfield sample rate module in computing unit (13)
With highfield sample rate module, computing unit (13) selects highfield sample rate before measuring according to the dynamic range in magnetic field to be measured
Module or downfield sample rate module, and whether setting is worked using tracking mode frequency locking when selecting downfield sample rate module
Mode, chosen highfield sample rate module or downfield sample rate module execute the acquisition that itself workflow realizes data
And processing, and export external magnetic field value；
Computing unit (13) realizes the setting of magnetic field sample rate N by the sequential combination of setting DSP time-sequence control module (15)；
The downfield sample rate module acquires in a rubidium atom magnetometer course of work for controlling data collecting card (14)
Rubidium atom Larmor precession free relaxation signal after radio-frequency signal source (16) closing carries out fast Fourier change to acquisition signal
It changes, obtains Larmor precession frequency f, a magnetic field value is calculated according to Larmor precession frequency f and is exported；
Whether the downfield sample rate module works in tracking mode lock also according to preset atom magnetometer before running
Frequency mode carries out the frequency control of radio-frequency signal source (16): in selected tracking mode frequency locking mode, downfield sample rate module will
It calculates the Larmor precession frequency f obtained and is sent to radio-frequency signal source (16), for changing the output frequency of radio-frequency signal source (16)
Rate, then control data collecting card (14) acquires in the magnetometer course of work next time after radio-frequency signal source (16) closing again
Rubidium atom Larmor precession free relaxation signal carries out circular treatment；Magnetic field sample rate N setting in this case is less than or equal to
20Hz；When not selected tracking mode frequency locking mode, the output frequency of radio-frequency signal source (16) is definite value, and magnetic field samples in this case
Rate N is adjustable within the scope of 1Hz~100Hz, for measuring the magnetic fluctuation being greater than near a certain stationary magnetic field of 5000nT；
When highfield sample rate module works, the output frequency of radio-frequency signal source (16) is definite value；Highfield sample rate module is used
The signal data that the n times magnetometer course of work generates in one second is acquired in control data collecting card (14)；It is cut in acquisition data
Take the rubidium atomic magnetic moment Larmor precession free relaxation letter after radio-frequency signal source (16) is closed in the i-th magnetometer course of work
Number；Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is carried out to the free relaxation signal, obtains Larmor precession frequency f, and further calculate external magnetic field
It is worth and exports；I is enabled successively to traverse 1~N, until exporting N number of external magnetic field value；Then control data collecting card (14) acquisition one again
The signal data that the n times magnetometer course of work generates in second carries out circular treatment；Magnetic field sample rate can be in 100Hz in this case
It is adjustable within the scope of~1000Hz, for measuring the magnetic fluctuation being greater than near a certain stationary magnetic field of 5000nT.
2. rubidium atom magnetometer as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the time cooperation relationship of the sequential combination are as follows:
The switch periods of AOM (2) are T=1/N, opening time t1；Radio-frequency signal source (16) is opened when AOM (2) are closed, and is opened
Opening the time is t2；Data collecting card (14) trigger data acquisition when radio-frequency signal source (16) are closed.
3. rubidium atom magnetometer as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that computing unit (13) is compiled using Labview software
Cheng Shixian, interface include downfield sample rate module and highfield sample rate module, and wherein downfield sample rate module is optional
Select whether radio-frequency signal source (16) output frequency uses tracking mode frequency locking.
4. rubidium atom magnetometer as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that rubidium atom magnetometer physical part includes that pumping swashs
Light device and its frequency stabilization system (1), AOM (2), the slide of λ/4 (3), detecting laser (4), polarizing film (5), rf magnetic field coil
(6), rubidium bubble heating module (7), rubidium steep (8), polarization splitting prism PBS (9), two photodetectors (10,11), differential amplifications
Circuit (12) and radio-frequency signal source (16)；
Outer magnetic field directionParallel with pumping light direction, the pumping laser of optically pumped laser and its frequency stabilization system (1) generation passes through
AOM (2) and 1/4 slide (3) form circularly polarized light and act on rubidium bubble (8)；By the switch control of (2) AOM, pumping is enabled to swash
Light action t for a period of time1After close, open radio-frequency signal source (16) to rf magnetic field coil (6) input setting duration t2Radio frequency
Sinusoidal signal, driving rubidium steep in the rubidium atomic magnetic moment precession to the plane vertical with external magnetic field in (8)；Detecting laser (4) produces
Raw exploring laser light passes through polarizing film (5), becomes linearly polarized light across rubidium bubble (8), then by PBS (9) and is divided into two-way, leads to respectively
Cross two photodetectors (10,11), subsequently into differential amplifier circuit (12), by differential amplification output rubidium atomic magnetic moment around
The Larmor precession signal of external magnetic field.
5. rubidium atom magnetometer as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that rubidium steeps heating module (7) structural member using no magnetic
Property polytetrafluoroethylene material, heating method be exchange without magnetic heat；In the work of rubidium atom magnetometer, rubidium bubble temperature is 100
℃。
6. rubidium atom magnetometer as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that data collecting card (14) is using U.S. NI company
PCI-5922 data collecting card.
7. a kind of Measurement Method for Magnetic Field of the rubidium atom magnetometer as described in claim 1~6 any one, which is characterized in that packet
Include following steps:
Step 1: optically pumped laser and its frequency stabilization system (1), AOM (2), detecting laser (4), rubidium bubble heated mould is respectively started
Block (7), differential amplifier circuit (12), computing unit (13), DSP time-sequence control module (15), radio-frequency signal source (16) wait rubidium
(8) heating block temperature is steeped to stablize；
Step 2: setting optically pumped laser and its frequency stabilization system (1) work in87In the D1 line jump frequency of Rb, setting detection swashs
Light device (4) frequency ratio87The infrared detuning 4GHz of D1 line jump frequency of Rb；
Step 3: magnetic field to be measuredDirection it is parallel with pumping light direction；By rf magnetic field coil (6), rubidium bubble heating module (7),
Rubidium bubble (8) is placed in the magnetic shielding barrel containing field coil to be measured, adjusts the input current value of field coil to be measured in magnetic shielding barrel
Magnetic field size to be measured can be changed；
Step 4: atomic magnetic force is set separately by the sequential combination of setting DSP time-sequence control module (15) in computing unit (13)
Duty cycle of instrument, the pumping light action duration of AOM (2) control, the radio frequency field action duration of radio-frequency signal source (16) control, with
And the trigger collection of data collecting card (14), realize the setting of the magnetic field sample rate N of atom magnetometer；
Step 5: highfield sample rate module or downfield sample rate module that computing unit (13) is selected according to the external world, and
Whether what is set when selecting downfield sample rate module uses tracking mode frequency locking operating mode, executes corresponding workflow point
The acquisition and processing of Zhi Shixian data, and export magnetic field value.
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