CN113687115B - Constant current source device based on quantum natural reference and implementation method - Google Patents
Constant current source device based on quantum natural reference and implementation method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000005358 geomagnetic field Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000005355 Hall effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005668 Josephson effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R1/00—Details of instruments or arrangements of the types included in groups G01R5/00 - G01R13/00 and G01R31/00
- G01R1/28—Provision in measuring instruments for reference values, e.g. standard voltage, standard waveform
Abstract
The invention discloses a constant current source device based on quantum natural reference and an implementation method thereof, comprising the following steps: the magnetic shielding barrel 1, the standard coil 2, the pumping-detecting atomic magnetometer 3, the current source 4, the computer 5 and the load 6; the magnetic shielding barrel 1 is used for shielding a geomagnetic field, the standard coil 2 is axially symmetrically arranged in the magnetic shielding barrel 1, and the current source 4 supplies current to the load 6 and the standard coil 2 to generate a magnetic field; the probe part of the pumping-detecting atomic magnetometer 3 is arranged at the geometric center of the standard coil 2 and is used for measuring the uniform magnetic field on the axis of the standard coil 2; the computer 5 is connected to the current source 4 for controlling the current supplied by the current source 4 to the load 6 and the standard coil 2. According to the method, the current output by the precision current source is locked to the Larmor precession frequency corresponding to the magnetic resonance Zeeman transition, the stability of the output current of the precision current source is effectively improved, the drift is reduced, and the low-drift constant current source device based on the quantum natural reference can be obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The disclosure belongs to the technical field of electromagnetic metering, and particularly relates to a constant current source device based on quantum natural reference and an implementation method.
Background
Since the 20 th century, the findings of josephson effect and quantized hall effect have driven the establishment of quantum voltage references and quantum resistance references, which can derive current units from ohm's law, thus achieving indirect quantum currents, but efforts to find a more direct quantum current reference have not been stopped { ref: zhang Zhonghua electromagnetic metering [ J ] of 21 st century]Measurement and control technique, 2002, 21:17-22}. Single electron tunneling has been considered as an alternative to current reference devices, however, current based on single electron tunneling is at 10 -12 The A level cannot be put into practical use. The atomic magnetometer is used for measuring a uniform magnetic field generated by a current-carrying standard coil, the magnetic field value and a quantum current value (determined by the ratio of quantum voltage to quantum resistance) in the standard coil are in linear relation, the coil coefficient can be traced to three quantum natural references of the Josephson effect, the quantized Hall effect and the Larmor precession effect, and in principle, the measurement of the current based on the quantum natural references can be realized. The current in the current-carrying standard coil is locked to Larmor precession frequency corresponding to alkali metal atom magnetic resonance Zeeman transition, and the low-drift constant current source function is realized by strictly controlling the physical environment of the experimental device, so that the current-carrying standard coil is a feasible construction scheme of the quantum current reference device. In order to reduce the influence of geomagnetic field drift and environmental magnetic noise on a constant reproduction magnetic field, the reproduction magnetic field can be generated in a magnetic shielding barrel or a magnetic shielding room; in order to improve the sensitivity of magnetic field measurement, a pumping-detection type atomic magnetometer can be used for measuring a reproduced magnetic field, and the composition and the working principle of the pumping-detection type atomic magnetometer refer to a rubidium atomic magnetometer and a magnetic field measuring method thereof, CN 107015172B; to reduce drift of the current source, reference is made to the design of atomic clocksThe method is characterized in that current in a current-carrying standard coil is locked to Larmor precession frequency corresponding to alkali metal atomic magnetic resonance Zeeman transition, and the standard coil, a high-sensitivity atomic magnetometer, a magnetic shielding barrel or a magnetic shielding chamber and a high-precision current source are integrally designed into a constant current source device.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a constant current source device based on quantum natural reference and an implementation method thereof, wherein the current in a current-carrying standard coil is locked to Larmor precession frequency corresponding to magnetic resonance Zeeman transition, the experimental environment of the device is strictly controlled, the low-drift constant current source function can be realized, and the device has potential application to the construction of a quantum current reference device.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a constant current source device based on a quantum natural reference, the device comprising: the magnetic shielding barrel 1, the standard coil 2, the pumping-detecting atomic magnetometer 3, the current source 4, the computer 5 and the load 6;
the magnetic shielding cylinder 1 is used for shielding the geomagnetic field, the standard coil 2 is axisymmetrically arranged in the magnetic shielding cylinder 1, and the current source 4 supplies current to the load 6 and the standard coil 2 to generate a magnetic field;
the probe part of the pumping-detecting type atomic magnetometer 3 is arranged at the geometric center of the standard coil 2 and is used for measuring a uniform magnetic field on the axis of the standard coil 2;
the computer 5 is connected with the current source 4 and is used for controlling the current which is supplied by the current source 4 to the load 6 and the standard coil 2.
In one possible implementation, the load 6 is a resistor or a coil.
In one possible implementation, the coil coefficients of the standard coil 2 are traced back to the three quantum natural references of the josephson effect, the quantized hall effect and the larmor precession effect.
In one possible implementation, a pump-detector atomic magnetometer 3 is used to measure the magnitude and noise of the uniform magnetic field on the axis of the standard coil 2.
In one possible implementation, the magnetic shielding cylinder 1 is cylindrical, the inside diameter of the cylinder is 500mm, and the inside length of the cylinder is greater than or equal to 700mm.
In one possible implementation, the magnetic shielding cylinder 1 is replaced with a magnetic shielding factor of less than 10 -4 Is provided.
According to another aspect of the present disclosure, a method for implementing a constant current source based on a quantum natural reference is provided, which is applied to the above constant current source device, and the method includes:
step 1: the magnetic field environment of the experimental device is strictly controlled, and the constant temperature of the magnetic shielding cylinder 1 is kept;
step 2: setting the target current as I in the computer 5 measurement software 0 Then the target constant magnetic field is set to B 0 ＝I 0 C 2 The preset current value output by the current source 4 is I 4 ＝B 0 /C 2 Step current Δi=0, where C 2 Coil coefficients for the standard coil 2;
step 3: calculating a target magnetic field value B from the magnetic field value B measured by the pumping-detecting type atomic magnetometer 3 0 Negative deviation Δb=b 0 -B, then Δi=Δb/(n×c) 2 ) N is a current compensation speed parameter;
step 4: the computer 5 controls the current source 4 to input the current I to the standard coil 2 4 ＝I 4 +ΔI；
Step 5: repeating the steps 3 and 4, and making the magnetic field value measured by the pumping-detecting type atomic magnetometer 3 equal to B in real time by suppressing the drift of the constant current outputted by the current source 4 0 The constant current flowing through the load 6 is i=b 0 /C 2 。
According to the constant current source device based on the quantum natural reference, through locking the current in the current-carrying standard coil to the Larmor precession frequency corresponding to the magnetic resonance Zeeman transition and strictly controlling the experimental environment of the device, the low-drift constant current source function can be realized, and the device is applied to the construction of the quantum current reference device.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the technical aspects or prior art of the present application and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings, which are used to illustrate the technical solution of the present application, together with the embodiments of the present application, but do not limit the technical solution of the present application.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a constant current source device based on a quantum natural reference according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the magnetic induction measured by a pump-detector type atomic magnetometer as a function of the output current of a precision current source of type B2912A according to one embodiment of the disclosure;
FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of a magnetic field drift measured by a pump-detect atomic magnetometer without a current source 4 locked according to one embodiment of the disclosure;
fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a constant magnetic field measured by a pump-detect atomic magnetometer with a current source 4 in a locked condition according to one embodiment of the disclosure.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and examples, so as to solve the technical problem by applying technical means to the present disclosure, and the implementation process for achieving the corresponding technical effects can be fully understood and implemented accordingly. The embodiments and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other under the condition of no conflict, and the formed technical schemes are all within the protection scope of the disclosure.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a constant current source device based on a quantum natural reference according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.
The device comprises a magnetic shielding barrel 1, a standard coil 2, a pumping-detecting atomic magnetometer 3, a current source 4, a computer 5 and a load 6. The magnetic shielding barrel 1 is used for shielding a geomagnetic field, the standard coil 2 is axially symmetrically arranged in the magnetic shielding barrel 1, and the current source 4 supplies current to the load 6 and the standard coil 2 to generate a magnetic field; the probe part of the pumping-detecting atomic magnetometer 3 is arranged at the geometric center of the standard coil 2 and is used for measuring the uniform magnetic field on the axis of the standard coil 2; the computer 5 is connected to the current source 4 for controlling the current supplied by the current source 4 to the load 6 and the standard coil 2.
Preferably, the magnetic screenThe cartridge 1 is cylindrical and has internal dimensions selected to be greater than 500mm x 700mm. The magnetic shield can 1 can be replaced with a magnetic shield having a magnetic shielding coefficient of less than 10 -4 Is provided. When the internal size of the magnetic shield cylinder 1 or the magnetic shield room is much larger than that of the standard coil 2, the influence of the current-carrying coil on the magnetization state of the magnetic shield cylinder can be significantly reduced, and further the influence on the reproducing magnetic field can be reduced. The dimensions of the standard coil 2 are such that the magnetic field gradient in the probe region of the pump-detector atomic magnetometer 3 is less than 1% to ensure that the atomic magnetometer measures the magnetic field with high accuracy.
The composition and working principle of the pumping-detecting type atomic magnetometer 3 are shown in the issued patent of 'a rubidium atomic magnetometer and a magnetic field measuring method thereof' (patent number: ZL 201710270545.8). The measuring range of the pumping-detecting type atomic magnetometer 3 is 100 nT-100000 nT, and the ultimate sensitivity is 0.2pT/Hz 1/2 The magnetic field noise introduced by the precision current source noise in the reproduced magnetic field can be measured. As shown in fig. 1, the probe of the pump-detector atomic magnetometer 3 is placed in the geometric center of the standard coil 2 and is used to measure the magnitude and noise of the uniform magnetic field on the axis of the standard coil 2.
The measurement software carried in the computer 5 is used to control the operation of the pump-detector type atomic magnetometer 3 and to control the current supplied by the current source 4 to the load 6 and to the standard coil 2.
The load 6 may be a resistor or a coil, and a circuit composed of the resistor or the coil is not limited herein.
As shown in fig. 1, the load 6 is connected in series with the standard coil 2, and when the device works stably, the larmor precession frequency corresponding to the magnetic field on the axis of the current-carrying standard coil 2 is locked to the set value, and since the magnetic field on the axis of the standard coil 2 is in direct proportion to the current flowing into the standard coil 2 and the load 6, other components of the device except the load 6 can be regarded as a constant current source device based on a quantum natural reference. The locking loop effectively inhibits the drift of the constant current output by the current source 4 along with time when the device stably works, and has potential for construction of a quantum current reference device.
Preferably, the current source 4 can be a 6.5-bit commercial digital current source or a self-grinding digital current source with higher precision, and the output current of the current source can be set by measuring software in a computer. The current output by the current source 4 is locked to the Larmor precession frequency corresponding to the magnetic resonance Zeeman transition, so that the stability of the current output by the precise current source can be effectively improved, and the drift is reduced.
The coil coefficient of the standard coil 2 can be traced to three quantum natural references of the Josephson effect, the quantized Hall effect and the Larmor precession effect, and the constant current source device provided based on the present disclosure can be used for current metering.
Taking the coil coefficient of the standard coil 2 measured by the pumping-detecting type atomic magnetometer 3 as an example for explanation, the relationship between the magnetic induction intensity B of the geometric center of the current-carrying standard coil 2 measured by the pumping-detecting type atomic magnetometer 3 and the Larmor precession frequency f of the atomic magnetic moment exists as follows:
b= (2pi/γ) f formula (1), wherein γ is 87 Gyromagnetic ratio of Rb.
When current passes through the standard coil 2, the relationship between the magnetic induction intensity B generated by the standard coil 2 and the current I is as follows: b=c×i formula (2), wherein C is a coil coefficient of the standard coil.
From equations (1) and (2), the relationship of current I to larmor precession frequency f can be obtained: i=2pi f/(γc) formula (3).
A quantum voltage reference device based on a Josephson effect and a quantum resistance reference device based on a quantized Hall effect are built in China, a quantum current is obtained by adopting the ratio of quantum voltage to quantum resistance in electrical measurement, the current is led into a standard coil 2, then a pumping-detecting type atomic magnetometer 3 is used for measuring magnetic induction intensity B, a series of quantum currents I are set for obtaining corresponding magnetic induction intensity B, a coil coefficient C of the standard coil 2 can be obtained according to linear fitting experimental data of a formula (2), and the coil coefficient is traced to three quantum natural references of the Josephson effect, the quantized Hall effect and Larmor precession effect. When the coil coefficient C of the standard coil is obtained and the Larmor precession frequency f is measured by a pumping-detecting atomic magnetometer, constant current which is fed into the standard coil can be obtained according to the formula (3), and the current value output by the current source 4 can be traced to three quantum natural references of the Josephson effect, the quantized Hall effect and the Larmor precession effect by the method. Therefore, the current output by the constant current source device disclosed by the disclosure is traced to three quantum natural references, namely a Josephson effect, a quantized Hall effect and a Larmor precession effect.
The constant current source device based on the quantum natural reference can effectively improve the stability of the output current of the precise current source 4 and reduce drift.
The following specifically describes a constant current source device based on quantum natural reference and an implementation method thereof according to an embodiment.
Embodiment one:
step 1: the experimental environment is strictly controlled, the constant temperature of the magnetic shielding barrel 1 (or the magnetic shielding room) is kept, obvious magnetic field fluctuation and magnetic noise sources do not exist around, the change of the magnetization state of magnetic shielding materials and the influence of environmental magnetic noise on magnetic field measurement are reduced, and the residual magnetism in the magnetic shielding barrel 1 (or the magnetic shielding room) is enabled to be towards zero after the magnetic shielding materials are strictly demagnetized.
Step 2: starting the constant current source device, and setting the target current as I in the computer 5 measurement software 0 Then the target constant magnetic field is set to B 0 ＝I 0 C 2 The preset current value output by the current source 4 is I 4 ＝B 0 /C 2 Step current Δi=0, where C 2 The coil coefficient of the standard coil 2. In this embodiment, the current source 4 is a De-tech (Keysight Technology) B2912A type 6.5-bit precision current source, and the current of 2 mA-5 mA output by the current source is directly regarded as quantum current because the transmission condition of the quantum current is not provided during the application of the patent. FIG. 2 shows the variation of the magnetic field value measured by the pump-detection type atomic magnetometer along with the output current of the B2912A type precise current source, the current is increased from 2mA to 5mA in 0.05mA step, 11 times of repeated measurement are carried out to obtain the average value of the coil coefficient of the standard coil 2 of 52426.5nT/A (or 52.4265 nT/mA), and the relative standard deviation is 8.3927 multiplied by 10 -5 . The initial value of the constant magnetic field is set as B by the measuring software in the computer 5 0 Coil coefficient C of standard coil 2 =20000 nT 2 52426.5nT/A, I 4 ＝B 0 /C 2 ＝0.381486A，ΔI＝0。
Step 3: according to the magnetic field value B measured by the pumping-detecting type atomic magnetometer 3, calculating the magnetic field value B and the target magnetic field value B 0 Negative deviation Δb=b 0 -B, then Δi=Δb/(n×c) 2 ) Wherein n is a current compensation speed parameter, the larger n is the compensation speed parameter, the slower the compensation speed is, but the smaller n is the compensation speed, but the larger n is the compensation speed, but the fluctuation of the magnetic field and the compensation current is slightly larger, generally, n is more than or equal to 2, n=10 is set in the measurement software of the embodiment, and the magnetic field sampling rate of the pumping-detecting type atomic magnetometer 3 is 10Hz.
Step 4: the computer 5 controls the current source 4 to input the current I to the standard coil 2 4 ＝I 4 +ΔI；
Step 5: repeating the steps 3 and 4, and making the magnetic field value measured by the pumping-detecting type atomic magnetometer 3 equal to B in real time by suppressing the drift of the constant current outputted by the current source 4 0 The constant current flowing through the load 6 is i=b 0 /C 2 。
FIG. 3 illustrates a schematic diagram of a magnetic field drift measured by a pump-detect atomic magnetometer without a current source 4 locked according to one embodiment of the disclosure; fig. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a constant magnetic field measured by a pump-detect atomic magnetometer with a current source 4 in a locked condition according to one embodiment of the disclosure.
As shown in fig. 3, the measuring software in the computer controls the current source 4 to input the current I to the standard coil 2 4 In the unlocked condition, current source 4 drifts from 20004.8nT to 20005.2nT in 1 second of the average value of the magnetic field value measured by pump-detector atomic magnetometer 3 over 20 minutes = 0.381486 a. Intercepting stable magnetic field data for 5 minutes, calculating the power spectral density of the magnetic field values, taking the average value of 21 amplitude values near a 1Hz frequency point as magnetic field noise, and measuring the magnetic field noise of 17.3pT/Hz by using the pumping-detecting type atomic magnetometer 3 1/2 。
As shown in fig. 4, the measuring software in the computer controls the current source 4 to input the current I to the standard coil 2 4 = 0.381486a, the current source 4 is in the locked condition, the average value of the magnetic field value measured by the pump-detector type atomic magnetometer 3 is locked to 20000nT within 1 second, and 5 minutes is taken outThe stable magnetic field data of the clock, calculate the power spectral density of these magnetic field values, take the average value of 21 amplitude values near 1Hz frequency point as the magnetic field noise, then the magnetic field noise that the pumping-detection type atomic magnetometer 3 measures is 28.3pT/Hz1/2, because the current source 4 is unlocked, the noise that the pumping-detection type atomic magnetometer 3 measures reflects the noise of the current source 4 directly; the digitized locking loop also introduces additional noise when the current source 4 is locked, so that the magnetic field noise measured in fig. 4 is greater than that measured in fig. 3. Because the magnetic field on the axis of the standard coil 2 is in direct proportion to the current which is fed into the standard coil 2 and the load 6 by the current source 4, the locking loop effectively inhibits the drift of the output current of the current source 4 along with time when the constant current source device stably works.
According to the constant current source device, the current in the current-carrying standard coil is locked to the Larmor precession frequency corresponding to the magnetic resonance Zeeman transition in a digital negative feedback mode, so that the stability of the output current of the constant current source is effectively improved, and the drift is reduced. Because the coil coefficient of the standard coil can be traced to three quantum natural references of the Josephson effect, the quantized Hall effect and the Larmor precession effect, the current output by the constant current source device is traced to the three quantum natural references.
In summary, the first embodiment is the preliminary test method of the constant current source device based on quantum natural reference of the present disclosure, and a great deal of work is needed to be done in the future when the current reference device is built, for example, considering reducing the drift and noise of the constant current source at the same time, and reasonably analyzing the influence of the residual magnetism in the magnetic shielding cylinder 1 (or the magnetic shielding room) on the accuracy of the output current of the constant current source. The embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present disclosure should be included in the protection scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (6)
1. The method for realizing the constant current source based on the quantum natural reference is realized based on a constant current source device, and the device comprises the following steps: the magnetic shielding barrel 1, the standard coil 2, the pumping-detecting atomic magnetometer 3, the current source 4, the computer 5 and the load 6;
the magnetic shielding cylinder 1 is used for shielding the geomagnetic field, the standard coil 2 is axisymmetrically arranged in the magnetic shielding cylinder 1, and the current source 4 supplies current to the load 6 and the standard coil 2 to generate a magnetic field;
the probe part of the pumping-detecting type atomic magnetometer 3 is arranged at the geometric center of the standard coil 2 and is used for measuring a uniform magnetic field on the axis of the standard coil 2;
the computer 5 is connected with the current source 4 and is used for controlling the current which is fed by the current source 4 to the load 6 and the standard coil 2;
characterized in that the method comprises:
step 1: the magnetic field environment of the experimental device is strictly controlled, and the constant temperature of the magnetic shielding cylinder 1 is kept;
step 2: setting the target current as I in the computer 5 measurement software 0 Then the target constant magnetic field is set to B 0 ＝I 0 C 2 The preset current value output by the current source 4 is I 4 ＝B 0 /C 2 Step current Δi=0, where C 2 Coil coefficients for the standard coil 2;
step 3: calculating a target magnetic field value B from the magnetic field value B measured by the pumping-detecting type atomic magnetometer 3 0 Negative deviation Δb=b 0 -B, then Δi=Δb/(n×c) 2 ) N is a current compensation speed parameter;
step 4: the computer 5 controls the current source 4 to input the current I to the standard coil 2 4 ＝I 4 +ΔI；
Step 5: repeating the steps 3 and 4, and making the magnetic field value measured by the pumping-detecting type atomic magnetometer 3 equal to B in real time by suppressing the drift of the constant current outputted by the current source 4 0 The constant current flowing through the load 6 is i=b 0 /C 2 。
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the load 6 is a resistor or a coil.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the coil coefficients of the standard coil 2 are traced back to the three quantum natural references of josephson effect, quantized hall effect and larmor precession effect.
4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pump-detection atomic magnetometer 3 is used for measuring the magnitude of the uniform magnetic field and the noise on the axis of the standard coil 2.
5. The method for realizing the constant current source according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic shielding cylinder 1 is cylindrical, the diameter of the cylinder is 500mm, and the length of the cylinder is greater than or equal to 700mm.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic shield cylinder 1 is replaced with a magnetic shield having a magnetic shielding coefficient of less than 10 -4 Is provided.
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