CN107014767B - 内联水污染检测器 - Google Patents

内联水污染检测器 Download PDF

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CN107014767B
CN107014767B CN201611255801.8A CN201611255801A CN107014767B CN 107014767 B CN107014767 B CN 107014767B CN 201611255801 A CN201611255801 A CN 201611255801A CN 107014767 B CN107014767 B CN 107014767B
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CN107014767A (zh
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陈刚
李智强
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Shenzhen Yimu Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

一种可安装至水龙头的设备，用于检测自来水中一种或多种污染物的存在。当开启水龙头，自来水充填试样室时，一个或多个电子接收器可探测污染物的存在。一个或多个电子接收器中，至少有一个为照度传感器，用于探测250nm至300nm的紫外光线（UV）吸收程度。水充填试样室时，激活UV254 LED。测量电路可通过UV254吸光度的关联性计算总有机碳（TOC）。设备可向远程装置传输TOC水平等污染数据，以远程监控自来水。

Description

内联水污染检测器
技术领域
本发明涉及水污染检测器领域。
背景技术
安全且纯净的水是公民最重要的必需品。人类健康和安全要求饮用水和其他家庭用水必须满足多种健康和环境标准。如果供水设备或源头液体受到污染，会影响成千上万的家庭和生活。不仅应防止对水供应的妨害和攻击，还应可进行快速检测。消费者越来越不放心家庭水龙头内的水安全。尽管已经对水进行净化，但是仍有许多消费者安装了过滤系统，用于净化水。
公共供水机构以及州和地方机构通常在水处理中心、公共水源和水井以及配水系统的其他中心地点进行污染检测和简单取样，其中技术员于现场取样或现场测量。常用的水质测量分析技术用于确定水中的总有机碳（“TOC”）水平。TOC是水质指标之一，可来自正在腐烂的物质或合成物，例如化工原料或化肥。
通常情况下，TOC分析设备大型且昂贵，最适合水供应中心地点的现场使用。一些设备在炉内燃烧样品，分析剩余的CO2，这直接与样品中的碳含量成比例。最近，已使用UV254替代TOC，众所周知，UV254被水吸收的含量与水中有机碳物质浓度成比例。UV254设备的使用通常需要大功率的大型光源，以便进行高精度测量。而且，该等仪器使用固定的水样品，以进一步提高准确度。
发明内容
该发明是首款经济型、低功耗、轮廓较低的设备，可直接安装至家庭水龙头或水管，确保实时检测污染状况。现在，居民直接从其水龙头测试TOC和其他污染物，而不是仅依赖于政府确定水污染。现在，消费者可依赖水龙头上的设备，进行整体检测和过滤，而不是购买水过滤系统和/或瓶装水。
所述设备可确认水龙头水流的污染物。该设备将水龙头内水流转移至紊流最小化的试样室，实现了设备的小型化和可安装性。试样室内或周围配置的一个或多个接收器收集试样室液体的数据，并且传送至集成电路，供进一步处理和/或显示。试样室内最小化的紊流、自动激活、高效的集成电路以及可选的剩余数据收集，均有助于污染物计算的准确度，以及建设低功耗设备。
鉴于UV的吸收程度与水中的TOC水平具有关联性，所以首选的实施例是利用紫外线（UV）光，最好是250nm至300nm。UV254 LED功耗要求较低，传输UV254进入试样室，供照度传感器收集，以计算TOC含量，UV254的当前输出量是TOC算法的输入值。靠近LED的温度探针可进一步优化计算，解释因温度起伏造成的光线强度变化。照度传感器也可从额外的IRLED处接收数据，并且IR吸收程度可用于计算水浊度和/或改善TOC测量的准确度。而且，IRLED安装的角度需使光线反射远离传感器，直至试样室充填完毕。而且，从IR LED接收的数据可自动激活UV254和TOC测量电路。
其他实施例是接收器组合，但不仅限于照度传感器。例如，另一实施例是通过试样室的两个电极，测量样品的电子传导性，且该传导性直接与TDS水平成比例。TDS（或者总溶解固体）是水中结合无机物和有机物物质的标准，也是污染情况的另一种有效标准。
设备数据可在设备上显示，或者传输至远程显示屏，供用户监控。例如，首选实施例含有智能手机等私人设备，并且拥有可向用户展示多种污染信息的应用程序。该信息包括但不限于，水中检测的每一污染物水平、与建议安全水平的对比、水过滤器替换建议以及由消费者安装的其他类似设备检测出的水污染事件地点。该应用程序可向水污染数据的储存和检索服务器发送数据，并从该服务器接收数据。中央储存器储存所述设备的水污染数据，可帮助确定和解决水供应问题。
附图说明
图1描述了示范使用环境中的设备实施例。
图2 是设备示范实施例的部分扩展。
图3 是设备示范实施例的透视内部视图。
图4 是设备示范案例方案的鸟瞰内部视图。
图5 是试样室、光源的示范位置和与试样室有关的接收器的侧视图。
图6 是设备的示范测量电路。
图7 设备的系统示意图，可操作该设备向手机等远程装置发送数据。
图8 是示例的远程装置，显示来自设备的数据。
具体实施方式
正如背景所述，典型的水污染检测器是适用于静水的大型设备。而且消费者无法控制其住所或商业空间的污染物。如图1所示，所述的可安装设备1可直接安装至水龙头2。图2展示了设备1如何安装至水龙头中，以及包裹水采集和测量装置3的外壳21。
图3和4将描述设备1的示范仪器3。设备1可安装至水龙头2，当水龙头运转时，水流至开口4。如图4所示，大部分的水流经开口4，并流至水龙头外，但是一部分水流将进入开口13，并通过导管5转移。
试样室6从所述试样室基座接收转移液体。在所述案例中，导管5的水压引起所述试样室基座充填试样室6。通常情况下，与向下的瀑布式水流相关的气泡和紊流将在室内减少，则允许一个或多个接收器在室内进行水测量，特别是受紊流、空气和折射的其他原因影响的光线测量。水从试样室顶部流出，并返回水流。但是，需注意只要一个或多个接收器处于可运转状态，则替代示例可利用连接至试样室不同部分的导管，不一定是基座。并且，可采用不同结构转移水流，便于水管不同部分的设备安装。例如，向试样室顶部转移水的导管可安装缓冲器，减缓流入试样室的水流。正如另一示例，试样室的形状为便利气泡的消失，可在顶部设置大型水平截面等。
一个或多个接收器可为接收光线的照度传感器。如上所述，紊流和水中空气的减少极大地便利了照度传感器的运转，接收穿过水的光线。首选的实施例使用与TOC有关的紫外线光吸收，波长最好为254nm（UV254）。众所周知，250至300nm的紫外线波长与TOC联系紧密，UV254拥有极高的调整后可决系数，即0.997。正如示例所示，LED19输出UV254，因此接收器12测量了试样室6内液体吸收的UV254含量。正如此项技术中已知的方法，试样室6可为石英容器，便于UV254的有效传输。
图5是TOC测量首选布置的示例。连至印制电路板8的照度传感器12接收UV254LED19的光线，通过石英容器6传输。而且，IR LED9可至少达到两个目的，照度传感器12吸收的IR可用于计算浊度水平，浊度作为污染情况是独立的，但是也用于改善TOC计算。此外，通过定位LED9的角度（例如图5示例的45角），从LED9中接收的光线可用于激活以下UV254 LED和/或测量电路：由于折射，直至试样室内的水高度超过光源9的高度，照度传感器12方可收到来自以一定角度放置的LED9的光线。而且，LED9放置于来自照度传感器12的间接路径，便于仅收集散射的IR，这也是浊度计算所需。
使用UV254 LED19上或其附近的温度接收器可影响TOC计算的进一步精度。温度接收器的数据可用于解释，高温时减少的UV254。因此，首选实施方中的TOC可根据下述公式确定：
TOC=Ktoc*KD2**D2* lg（A0*（1-Ka*T）/D1）
Ktoc是TOC的系数，KD2*是IR浊度的系数，D2是浊度表观扩散系数（ADC）高低，A0是0℃下的UV强度，Ka是UV/温度强度系数，T是温度，D1是UV TOC ADC高低。调整TOC系数，以解释实际使用的紫外线波长。
图6的示例中，TOC可通过测量电路计算。光电二极管12可接收UV254和/或IR，并且传输的电流与前置放大器电路30吸收的光线成比例。电路31可进行过滤器、平均值和/或额外信号处理。而且，温度传感器35可传输光电二极管周边的温度至温度处理电路36。UV、IR和温度数据可通过模组33，计算TOC。正如前述，当水足够填充试样室6时，光电二极管12可接收LED19的IR波长，TOC算法模组33可向开关34传输信号，激活UV254 LED9。
当未激活电路时，自动激活使首选实施例仅需500μA的耗电量。仅当需要完成计算时，激活UV254和TOC测量电路会使耗电量上升至约15mA。因此，LED的使用、自动激活、高量子效率的光电二极管和准确的信号处理，均有助于设备的低消耗。
功率可以通过任何方式传递，包括所述的电池组20或任何其他方式，包括但不限于，交流电（AC）/直流电（DC）、太阳和水力发电。设备的低功率要求允许使用太阳等低功率来源。太阳电池板可直接位于外壳21上。电磁组可移动、可替换和/或可通过USB充电或壁式插座连接充电。
设备的其他实施例包含接收器的任何组合和类型。附图描述的接收器位置仅为示例，且接收器可放置于试样室之上、周围或内部的任何地方。接收器可为技术人员当前所知的任何类型，包括但不限于，接收光线的照度传感器、确定温度的温度探针和测量电阻的电极。例如，总溶解固体（TDS）与传导性存在联系，可通过确定试样室内两个电极间的电阻测量总溶解固体。同样地，试样室内水中电极和固定的pH液体内的电极间的电压，可用于确定水的pH值。
正如图6所示，设备包含低功耗蓝牙模组32，用于向远程设备传输污染信息。图7的示意图显示了蓝牙或其他无线连接至智能手机50的设备3。智能手机设备50可向服务器60发送和接受数据，收集和管理用户的水污染数据。不需远程显示污染信息，可在设备自身的任何位置，例如在外壳21上。
所述设备可收集多种污染信息，并且可通过技术员广泛知道的方式进行传输和处理。例如，图8展示了用户设备50上的显示屏51，显示屏可显示来自设备3的当前重金属水平、浊度、细菌、TOC、TDS和PH值。
为进一步说明设备的使用，水过滤器40需连至设备，用于改善水质。因此，当水龙头的水质降低且因设备或远程显示51，用户意识到想要安装新的水过滤器，这是由用户设备直接做出的选择。

Claims (6)

1.一种安装至流体管道且由水龙头操作的装置，其特征在于，该装置包含：
一间试样室，用于接收源于流体管道的液体；一根导管，用于从流体管道接收液体流并向试样室转移所述液体流，其中水龙头操作引起试样室充填并回流至液体流；和
一个或多个接收器，用于接收室内液体数据；
所述导管中的液体流推动液体进入试样室基座，充填试样室；
所述一个或多个接收器中，至少有一个照度传感器，用于接收试样室光线；
还包括向试样室发射光线的第一紫外发光二极管和第二紫外发光二极管；所述第一紫外发光二极管与照度传感器水平对射布置，分别布置在试样室两侧，所述第二紫外发光二极管布置在第一紫外发光二极管的上方，并向下倾斜；照度传感器接收第二发光二极管的光线，作为响应，激活第一紫外发光二极管。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于：
还包括用于转换照度传感器的紫外光吸光度的电路，产生传输污染物数据的信号。
3.一种监控流体管道污染物的方法，其特征在于，包括步骤如下：
使流体管道的液体流转向，穿过导管并进入试样室，接收与转移至试样室的液体有关的数据；和将液体送出试样室，使其返回液体流；
导管中的液体流推动液体流入试样室基座，并充填试样室；
从试样室接收光线的照度传感器执行接收步骤；
第二紫外发光二极管向试样室发射光线，且由照度传感器接收来自第二紫外发光二极管的光线；
照度传感器接收来自第二发光二极管的光线，作为响应，激活第一紫外发光二极管。
4.根据权利要求3所述的一种监控流体管道污染物的方法，其特征在于：
包含额外步骤，即转换照度传感器的紫外光吸光度，产生传输污染物数据的信号。
5.一种用于监控流体管道中污染物的装置，其特征在于：
该装置可通过水龙头进行操作，且可用于接收来自安装在流体管道上的一款设备的污染数据，该设备包括：
一间试样室，用于接收来自流体管道的液体；
一根导管，用于接收源于流体管道的液体流和向试样室转移所述流，其中水龙头操作引起试样室充填并回流至液体流；和
一个或多个接收器，接收与试样室内液体有关的数据；
导管内的液体流推动液体进入试样室基座，并充填试样室；
一个或多个接收器中至少一个为照度传感器，可接收来自试样室的光线；
所述一个或多个接收器中，至少有一个照度传感器，用于接收试样室光线；
设备还包括向试样室发射光线的第一紫外发光二极管和第二紫外发光二极管；所述第一紫外发光二极管与照度传感器平行布置，分别布置在试样室两侧，所述第二紫外发光二极管布置在第一紫外发光二极管的上方，并向下倾斜；照度传感器接收第二发光二极管的光线，作为响应，激活第一紫外发光二极管。
6.根据权利要求5所述的装置，其特征在于：
设备还包括电路，可转换照度传感器的紫外光吸光度，产生向装置传输污染数据的信号。
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