CN107014587A - A kind of utilization non-freezing can ice obtains the measuring system and measuring method of ship model resistance in trash ice - Google Patents
A kind of utilization non-freezing can ice obtains the measuring system and measuring method of ship model resistance in trash ice Download PDFInfo
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- CN107014587A CN107014587A CN201710351000.XA CN201710351000A CN107014587A CN 107014587 A CN107014587 A CN 107014587A CN 201710351000 A CN201710351000 A CN 201710351000A CN 107014587 A CN107014587 A CN 107014587A
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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Abstract
The present invention provides the measuring system and measuring method that a kind of utilization non-freezing can ice obtains ship model resistance in trash ice, first by selecting a kind of non-freezing can ice of conventional towing basin come instead of the Freezing Model ice in ice model tank, so that the towing basin for not possessing low temperature environment possesses the condition of simulation trash ice operating mode, then the floating drum Fence structure of uniqueness is devised on towing basin surface, the simulation to trash ice navigation channel is realized, and the measurement to ship model resistance under the different speed of a ship or plane is realized using force cell.In addition, the present invention is using the resistance for first measuring open waters, the means such as resistance under the very low speed of a ship or plane (0.02m/s) are measured under floating ice operating mode again, the compositions such as open waters resistance, floating ice resistance and clear ice resistance have been isolated, and have forecast the resistance performance of corresponding ship model and real ship under trash ice operating mode.The present invention is in the case of current domestic ice model tank facility is incomplete, and the measurement for ship model resistance in trash ice provides new thinking.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the measuring system and measuring method that a kind of utilization non-freezing can ice obtains ship model resistance in trash ice,
Belong to experiment field of measuring technique.
Background technology
With warming for global climate, arctic glacier is gradually melted, and this is opened and arctic affluent resources to arctic navigation channel
Exploitation provide may, countries in the world around Arctic deploy game also grow in intensity.And polar region ice formation ship is low
Wen Duobing, weather extremely severe Arctic carries out resource exploration, exploitation, transport and scientific investigation important equipment and carrier, must
Central role will be played.Therefore, countries in the world increase the design of ice formation ship, construction dynamics one after another, to expand in the arctic
The influence power in area.However, the forecast of its rapidity generally requires to complete by Low-temperature Ice tank experiments, China also lacks at present
The related facilities such as few Low-temperature Ice engineering experiment room, are also difficult to carry out the research of related content.
The content of the invention
The invention aims to the resistance of ice formation ship model in trash ice can be being carried out in the environment of not needing low temperature
Can research and measuring system and measuring method that a kind of utilization non-freezing can ice obtains ship model resistance in trash ice are provided, specifically
For be exactly that trash ice environment is simulated in conventional towing basin using polypropylene non-freezing can ice, determine ship with laboratory facilities
The size of mould resistance.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this：Floating drum fence is respectively arranged with two relative inwalls of towing basin
Module, is provided with can ice combination between floating drum rail module, experiment ship model is provided between can ice combination, at two
It is provided between the end of floating drum rail module on rotatable dodge gate, the experiment ship model and is provided with data acquisition module, number
According to processing module and four-degree-of-freedom seaworthiness instrument, data acquisition module include the force cell that is connected with four-degree-of-freedom seaworthiness instrument and
Displacement transducer and data acquisition module complete the measurement to ship model stress and athletic posture, the four-degree-of-freedom seaworthiness instrument also with
Trailer module is connected.
Present invention additionally comprises some such architectural features：
1. floating drum rail module is combined by PVC by connector, the length-width ratio of floating drum rail module is 10:1.
2. described in can ice combination by side ratio be 5：10：15：20：25：30：35 non-freezing can ice composition, the length of side
Than for 5：10：15：20：25：30：The quantitative proportion of 35 non-freezing can ice meets 7：8：12：18：24：15：5, each non-jelly
It is polypropylene phantom ice to tie can ice.
3. a kind of utilization non-freezing can ice obtains the measuring method of ship model resistance in trash ice,
Step 1：Water under ship model will be tested, ballast is put into and adjusts floading condition；
Step 2：Force cell and displacement transducer one end are connected into experiment ship model, the other end with computer to be connected,
And the debugging of data acquisition module；
Step 3：Start trailer module and accelerate to the setting speed of a ship or plane by ship model is tested, while log-on data acquisition module record is total
Resistance Value changes with time situation；
Step 4：The data input data processing module that data collecting module collected is arrived, obtains each different resistance component
Resistance coefficient, and then the drag overall of forecast experiments ship model and the real ship of correspondence.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：1. with general applicability：Due to using non-freezing poly- third
Alkene can ice, it is not necessary to low temperature environment, it is existing normal under conditions of not possessing the infrastructure such as ice engineering experiment room in the country at present
The resistance performance of ice formation ship model can be measured using the measuring system and method by advising towing basin.2. good economy performance：In ice engineering
The cost that ship model resistance performance test is completed in laboratory is very high, is related to producing repeatedly for Freezing Model ice, during which
Operation cost is very huge.The invention does not need low temperature environment, and polypropylene phantom ice can be recycled, and largely be saved
About experimentation cost.3. it is easy to operate：The condition of existing towing basin is taken full advantage of, simple and effective fence knot is devised
Structure, forms the measuring system of the whole series, and employs scientific and reasonable measuring method, simple to operate.4. reliability is high：It is logical
Cross and analyzed with ship model experiment Comparative result in external ice engineering experiment room, it is found that the measuring system and method gained measurement result have
Higher reliability.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of measuring system of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is ship model-force cell of the present invention-seaworthiness instrument assembling schematic diagram；
Fig. 3 is the polypropylene phantom ice cube assay maps of the different scale of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is trash ice drag overall measuring process flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is data processing module workflow diagram of the present invention.
In figure：1- towing basins, 2-PVC tubing floating drum rail modules, 3- towing basin inwalls, 4- can ice, 5- experiments
Ship model, 6- direction of ship travels, 7- data acquisition modules, 8- data processing modules, 9- rotary movables door, 10- force-measuring sensings
Device and displacement transducer, 11- four-degree-of-freedom seaworthiness instrument, 12- sizes are 5 can ice, and 13- sizes are 10 can ice, 14- chis
It is very little be 15 can ice, 15- sizes be 20 can ice, 16- sizes be 25 can ice, 17- sizes be 30 can ice,
The can ice of 18- sizes 35.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
With reference to Fig. 1 to Fig. 5, the present invention includes 1- towing basins, 4- can ice, floating drum rail module, trailer module, 7- numbers
According to acquisition module, 8- data processing modules, 5- experiment ship models；
Can ice module is combined using can ice, specifically uses certain thickness polypropylene board according to certain size
Cutting, ultimately forming polypropylene phantom ice cube 4 is respectively：Size is 5 can ice 12, and size is 10 can ice 13, size
For 15 can ice 14, size is 20 can ice 15, and size is 25 can ice 16, and size is 30 can ice 17, size
35 can ice 18, its distributed number rule meets 7：8：12：18：24：15：5, meet the Size Distribution rule of actual ice cube,
Wherein the density of polypropylene phantom ice and Freezing Model ice, coefficient of friction are similar, can realize the simulation in trash ice navigation channel.
Floating drum rail module is to be combined by bore 110mm PVC 2 by connector, using 4m's and 3m
Tubing is some, is the simulation trash ice navigation channel of 3-5 times of ship model width with four-way or three-way connection connection tubing formation width, whole floating
The length-width ratio of cylinder Fence structure is 10:1, it completes the mould in trash ice navigation channel with non-freezing model ice block, towing basin inwall 3 jointly
Intend, and floating drum rail module is arranged at towing basin inwall 3.
Trailer motion module realizes that ship model, with the constant speed of a ship or plane, is transported according to given direction of ship travel 6 in trash ice navigation channel
Dynamic, the force cell and displacement transducer 10 that data acquisition module 7 is connected by four-degree-of-freedom seaworthiness instrument 11 are completed to ship model
The measurement of stress and athletic posture.
Data processing module 8 completes the collaboration processing to gathered data, and drag overall of the ship model in trash ice is divided into open
Waters resistance, three kinds of compositions of floating ice resistance and clear ice resistance, and solved using different expression formulas, finally give ship in trash ice
The expression formula of mould drag overall, realizes the forecast of its resistance performance.
The present invention replaces Freezing Model ice using polypropylene phantom ice 4, to adapt to the experimental situation of normal temperature.
Sealed at the opening of PVC 2 of the present invention with resin material, and add when connecting into Fence structure appropriate match somebody with somebody
Weight, it is ensured that the half of fence whole height is immersed in the water.
A kind of experiment condition (0.02m/s) of the very low speed of a ship or plane is added, floating ice resistance component is obtained, and then isolated floating ice
The various resistance components of middle ship model resistance, the present invention is referred to as slow ship method.
Step 1：Can ice uses polypropylene board and cut according to certain size, ultimately forms polypropylene phantom ice cube
The length of side be respectively 5,10,15,20,25,30,35, its distributed number rule meet 7：8：12：18：24：15：5, meet reality
The Size Distribution rule of ice cube simultaneously measures polypropylene phantom ice cube density piAnd polypropylene phantom ice cube surface and hull surface
Between coefficient of friction λ, polypropylene phantom ice is similar to the density of Freezing Model ice, can realize the simulation in trash ice navigation channel.
Step 2：In the certain limit of towing basin 1, by the PVC that bore is 100mm, using 4m and 3m tubing
It is some, it is the simulation trash ice navigation channel of 3-5 times of ship model width with four-way or three-way connection connection tubing formation width, whole floating drum encloses
The length-width ratio of column structure is 10:1, Fence structure is connected to form by the pool wall with pond.Resin material is used at PVC opening
Sealing, and add when connecting into Fence structure appropriate counterweight, it is ensured that the half of fence whole height is immersed in the water.In addition,
In order to prevent can ice from being drifted out at fence opening, rotary movable door 9 is devised.
Step 3：Non-freezing can ice-polypropylene the mould being fabricated in step 1 is evenly arranged in the trash ice navigation channel of design
Type ice cube, completes the simulation of trash ice test environment.
Step 4：By water under ship model, it is put into ballast and adjusts floading condition, is then connected with four-degree-of-freedom seaworthiness instrument, that is, completes ship
Mould is connected with trailer motion module.
Step 5：Force cell and displacement transducer one end are connected to ship model, the other end is connected with computer, completed
The debugging of data acquisition module.
Step 6：Start trailer motion module and ship model is accelerated into the setting speed of a ship or plane, while log-on data acquisition module record is total
Resistance Value changes with time situation.
Step 7：By the data input data processing module collected, the resistance coefficient of each different resistance component is obtained,
And then forecast the drag overall of ship model and the real ship of correspondence.
Flow chart as shown in Figure 1, the present invention obtains the process of ship model resistance in trash ice firstly the need of making polypropylene phantom
Ice, and it is 10 to assemble length-width ratio:1 floating drum Fence structure, the tubing using 4m and 3m is some, is connected with four-way or three-way connection
Tubing formation width is the simulation trash ice navigation channel of 3-5 times of ship model width, and the length-width ratio of whole floating drum Fence structure is 10:1, simulation
Actual trash ice navigation channel environment, specifically includes following process.
Can ice uses polypropylene board and cut according to certain size, ultimately forms the length of side of polypropylene phantom ice cube
Respectively 5,10,15,20,25,30,35, its distributed number rule meets 7：8：12：18：24：15：5, meet actual ice cube
Size Distribution rule simultaneously measures polypropylene phantom ice cube density piAnd between polypropylene phantom ice cube surface and hull surface
Coefficient of friction λ, polypropylene phantom ice is similar to the density of Freezing Model ice, can realize the simulation in trash ice navigation channel.
Arrange before fence and measure the resistance R of ship model open waters under different speed of a ship or plane V in tank test firstOW。
Using PVC composition fence of the bore for 110mm before specific experiment, if the present invention is using 4m and 3m tubing
It is dry, it is the simulation trash ice navigation channel of 3-5 times of ship model width, whole floating drum fence with four-way or three-way connection connection tubing formation width
The length-width ratio of structure is 10:1.Furthermore, it is contemplated that PVC is lightweight in itself and the problems such as fouder, it is necessary to by all pipes
Material end is sealed with resin material, then is bundled when assembling Fence structure with the strip foundary weight of appropriate weight with it, finally
Be whole Fence structure be in partly enter water state.Then, the polypropylene phantom being above fabricated to is evenly arranged in the range of fence
Ice cube, completes the simulation of trash ice test environment.
By water under ship model, it is put into ballast and adjusts floading condition, be then connected with four-degree-of-freedom seaworthiness instrument, that is, completes ship model with dragging
Car motion module be connected.Force cell and displacement transducer one end are connected to ship model, the other end is connected with computer, complete
Into the debugging of data acquisition module.
Now, the preparation before experiment has been completed, has started trailer and ship model is accelerated into the setting speed of a ship or plane, while starting number
The average value R for the situation, then reading stable section drag overall of being changed with time according to acquisition system record drag overall valueT。
Drag overall of the ship model in trash ice is divided into open waters resistance, three kinds of compositions of floating ice resistance and clear ice resistance, i.e.,：
RT=ROW+RB+RC (1)
Wherein：RTFor drag overall, ROWFor open waters resistance, RBFor floating ice resistance, RCFor clear ice resistance, open waters resistance
Power is relevant with the speed of a ship or plane with clear ice resistance, and floating ice resistance is unrelated with the speed of a ship or plane.
ROW=COWV2 (2)
RB=CBΔρghiBT (3)
RC=CCFh -αρiBhiV2 (4)
Wherein, COWFor open waters resistance coefficient, CBFor floating ice resistance coefficient, FhFor the Fu Rude numbers in the range of ice thicknessα is your moral number index, ρ of FuiFor ice concentration, ρwFor water density, Δ ρ is the difference of water density and ice concentration, g
For acceleration of gravity, hiFor model ice thickness, B is the beam, and T absorbs water for ship, and V is the speed of a ship or plane.
The invention has isolated floating ice resistance component using slow ship method, i.e., in experimentation, under floating ice operating mode, measurement
Corresponding resistance R during dead slow speed (0.02m/s)T(V→0)Size, the resistance can consider and floating ice resistance RBIt is equal in magnitude.
Thus according to formula (1), have：
RC=RT-(ROW+RB) (5)
So that it is determined that each resistance component, calculates each resistance coefficient respectively.Finally realize in real ship trash ice
The forecast of drag overall.Specific method is as follows：
(1)COWDetermination
R under the different speed of a ship or plane is made according to formula (2)OW-V2Curve map, its slope is COWSize.
(2)CBDetermination
Obtained according to formula (3) deformation：
So as to obtain CBSize.
(3)CCDetermination
Obtained according to formula (4) deformation：
As can be seen that lnRC/(ρiBhiV2) and lnFhIt is linear, make lnR under the different speed of a ship or planeC/(ρiBhiV2)-lnFh
Curve map, then, empirical coefficient α and C is obtained by the slope and intercept of curve mapCSize.
(4) real ship drag overall forecast
Then, the estimation equation of ice formation ship drag overall is obtained：
The data processing module of the present invention according to experimental method proposed by the present invention as shown in figure 5, complete related real
Test and parameter measurement.
The first step, second step, the 3rd step relevant parameter are C measured by laboratoryOWFor open waters resistance coefficient, CB
For floating ice resistance coefficient, FhFor the Fu Rude numbers in the range of ice thicknessα is your moral number index, ρ of FuiIt is close for ice
Degree, ρwFor water density, Δ ρ is the difference of water density and ice concentration, and g is acceleration of gravity, hiFor model ice thickness, B is the beam, and T is
Ship absorbs water, and V is the speed of a ship or plane.
The first step：COWDetermination
The open waters resistance R measured under each speed of a ship or plane Vow
Make ROW-V2Curve map, its slope is COWSize.
Second step：CBDetermination
According to formula：
Obtain being repeated several times testing and (repeatedly measure RB) under result, and seek its average CB, so as to obtain CBSize.
3rd step：CCDetermination
According to formula：
As can be seen that lnRC/(ρiBhiV2) and lnFhIt is linear, make lnR under different speed of a ship or plane VC/(ρiBhiV2)-ln
FhCurve map, then, empirical coefficient α and C is obtained by the slope and intercept of curve mapCSize.
4th step：Real ship drag overall forecast, FhFor the Fu Rude numbers in the range of ice thickness under real shipα is
Your moral number index, ρ of Fu under real shipiFor ice concentration, ρ under real shipwFor the real density that launches a ship, Δ ρ is real launch a ship density and ice concentration
Difference, g is acceleration of gravity, h under real shipiFor real ship drag ice thickness, B is the beam under real ship, and T is that real ship is gone ashore drinking water, V
For the speed of a ship or plane under real ship.
The estimation equation of ice formation ship drag overall：
Obtain RT。
To sum up, it is first the invention discloses the test method that a kind of utilization non-freezing can ice obtains ship model resistance in trash ice
First pass through and select a kind of non-freezing can ice of conventional towing basin to replace the Freezing Model ice in ice model tank, so that not having
The towing basin of standby low temperature environment possesses the condition of simulation trash ice operating mode, and the floating of uniqueness is then devised on towing basin surface
Cylinder Fence structure, realizes the simulation to trash ice navigation channel, and realize to ship model resistance under the different speed of a ship or plane using force cell
Measurement.In addition, the present invention is using first measuring the resistance of open waters, then measure under floating ice operating mode the very low speed of a ship or plane (0.02m/
The means such as the resistance under s), have isolated the compositions such as open waters resistance, floating ice resistance and clear ice resistance, and forecast corresponding ship model
With resistance performance of the real ship under trash ice operating mode.The present invention is trash ice in the case of current domestic ice model tank facility is incomplete
The measurement of middle ship model resistance provides new thinking.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of utilization non-freezing can ice obtains the measuring system of ship model resistance in trash ice, it is characterised in that：In towing basin
Floating drum rail module is respectively arranged with two relative inwalls, can ice combination is provided between floating drum rail module,
Experiment ship model is provided between can ice combination, rotatable dodge gate is provided between the end of two floating drum rail modules,
Data acquisition module, data processing module and four-degree-of-freedom trial voyage or flight instrument, data acquisition module bag are provided with the experiment ship model
Include with four-degree-of-freedom shake down the force cell that be connected of instrument and displacement transducer and data acquisition module completion to ship model stress and
The measurement of athletic posture, the four-degree-of-freedom trial voyage or flight instrument is also connected with trailer module.
2. a kind of utilization non-freezing can ice according to claim 1 obtains the measuring system of ship model resistance in trash ice, its
It is characterised by：Floating drum rail module is combined by PVC by connector, and the length-width ratio of floating drum rail module is 10:1.
3. a kind of utilization non-freezing can ice according to claim 1 or 2 obtains the measuring system of ship model resistance in trash ice,
It is characterized in that：The can ice combination is 5 by side ratio：10：15：20：25：30：35 non-freezing can ice composition, the length of side
Than for 5：10：15：20：25：30：The quantitative proportion of 35 non-freezing can ice meets 7：8：12：18：24：15：5, each non-jelly
It is polypropylene phantom ice to tie can ice.
4. a kind of utilization non-freezing can ice obtains the measuring method of ship model resistance in trash ice, it is characterised in that：Will including right
The measuring system described in 3 is sought,
Step 1：Water under ship model will be tested, ballast is put into and adjusts floading condition；
Step 2：Force cell and displacement transducer one end are connected into experiment ship model, the other end with computer to be connected, and it is complete
Into the debugging of data acquisition module；
Step 3：Start trailer module and accelerate to the setting speed of a ship or plane by ship model is tested, while log-on data acquisition module records drag overall
Value changes with time situation；
Step 4：The data input data processing module that data collecting module collected is arrived, obtains the resistance of each different resistance component
Force coefficient, and then the drag overall of forecast experiments ship model and the real ship of correspondence.
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| CN107655657A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-02-02 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of ice-melting pool |
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| CN108195561A (en) * | 2018-02-02 | 2018-06-22 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Navigating ship resistance performance test method in periglacial area in a kind of practical waters |
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| CN109506889A (en) * | 2019-01-05 | 2019-03-22 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of design method of the ship trash ice resistance model test based on non-freezing can ice |
| CN109752165A (en) * | 2019-01-05 | 2019-05-14 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of ice stadium for the experiment of ship trash ice resistance is laid and data processing method |
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| CN107687931A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-02-13 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | A kind of frozen water ship extrudes failure test device |
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