CN110779250A - Preparation method of non-frozen model ice with columnar texture characteristics - Google Patents
Preparation method of non-frozen model ice with columnar texture characteristics Download PDFInfo
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method of a non-frozen model ice with columnar texture characteristics, which comprises the following steps: (1) heating paraffin serving as a base material to form liquid paraffin, and adding gypsum powder, quartz powder and silicon powder into the liquid paraffin to obtain a paraffin mixed solution; (2) connecting an air pump with an air inlet pipe, starting the air pump to inject air into the pipe separator through the air inlet pipe, and further supplying air to each air injection pipe in the array; (3) slowly pouring the paraffin wax mixed solution into a mould making chamber, heating a mould bottom plate, and simultaneously keeping the air supply pressure of an air pump so that bubbles continuously overflow and break on the surface of the paraffin wax mixed solution; (4) when the surface of the solution is solidified and no bubbles overflow and break, covering a mould cover plate, and standing until the paraffin mixed solution is gradually solidified; and (3) slowly solidifying from top to bottom along with the paraffin mixed solution, finally solidifying and sealing the air holes of the bottom plate air injection pipe, stopping heating and air supply at the moment, and standing for a period of time until the solution is completely solidified.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engineering in alpine regions, and relates to a method for generating and preparing non-frozen model ice for simulating sea ice in the alpine regions.
Background
The physical model test is an important means in ice mechanics and ice engineering research. The preparation of the model ice capable of effectively simulating the physical and mechanical properties of the natural sea ice is the basis for developing the ice mechanical model test. At present, there are two main types of model ice used by research institutions in various countries in the world, namely low-temperature frozen model ice and non-frozen model ice. The low-temperature freezing of the model ice can truly simulate the growth process of the natural sea ice, and the mature technology ensures that the microstructure of the model ice is similar to that of the natural sea ice, thereby effectively simulating the physical and mechanical properties and the damage process of the prototype sea ice. However, the mechanical properties of the low-temperature freezing model ice are very sensitive to the ambient temperature, and the use of the low-temperature freezing model ice is greatly limited for some model tests which are not suitable for being carried out in a low-temperature towing ice pool. In addition, the generation and preparation of the low-temperature freezing model ice need to have more severe test conditions such as a low-temperature laboratory, the preparation cost is high, and the preparation period is longer.
Compared with the low-temperature freezing model ice, the non-freezing model ice has the advantages of wide application temperature range and low requirement on scene temperature, and can be applied to the test that the low-temperature freezing cannot be used. Meanwhile, the non-frozen model ice also has the advantages of low preparation cost, short preparation period and the like. In 1971, foreign, Hovacraft, UK poured the hot paraffin mixture solution onto water for cooling to form a non-frozen model ice. The bending strength of the model ice is high, and the scale range of the simulated natural ice is small. In 1974, the Russian scholars Berdennikov developed two non-freezing model ices, one made by bonding ceramic and clay using celluloid, and the other made by mixing expanded polystyrene particles with grease. In 1975, Tryde heated a mixture of plaster of paris, plastic granules, salt, borax and water, and then cooled and solidified to produce non-frozen model ice having a density similar to that of natural sea ice. However, the flexural strength of such model ice is relatively high. In 1977, Cowly et al, a Canadian scholars, sprayed a surface treatment agent with polypropylene fine particles as a base material to make model ice. In 1978, Michel, a canadian scholar, used a mixture of paraffin wax and oil as the main ingredients, and produced non-frozen model ice having properties similar to those of Tryde model ice by a process of heating, dissolving, and then cooling and solidifying. In 1984, Schultz and Free developed a MOD non-freezing model ice, which was prepared by pouring a mixture of polyethylene powder, polyethylene pellets, heavy vegetable oil, light vegetable oil and stearic acid onto water and cooling, and was suitable for simulating a very thin ice layer. In 1990, Beltao et al developed a SYG non-frozen model ice formulated with PVC grease, cement, plaster of Paris, glass beads and water. In China, Li Shi Jun et al, 2001 university of major research, mix and stir polypropylene particles, white cement and water, mold, and preserve health to make the non-frozen model ice of DUT-1. The model ice can simulate natural ice within a scale range of 1: 10-1: 30, the mixture strength is adjusted through the proportion of polypropylene particles and white cement, and the model ice is an isotropic material. In 2017, luwanzhen, a university of harbourne engineering, and the like, polystyrene foam and paraffin are mixed to prepare non-frozen model ice, and the non-frozen model ice is used for a propeller ice cutting test.
As is known from the various non-freezing model ice preparation techniques described above, paraffin is used as a base material for model ice preparations in various preparation methods. The paraffin is a good base material for preparing the non-freezing model ice, has the density very close to that of natural sea ice, and can be used as an organic solvent of various additives. In the existing non-freezing model ice preparation method, a paraffin mixed solution containing an additive is obtained by heating, and the model ice is prepared by cooling, solidifying and forming. Various additives are added into the paraffin base material to simulate the defect structures of brine capsules, drainage channels, bubbles and the like in natural sea ice. When the paraffin wax mixed solution is prepared by heating, the solution needs to be stirred uniformly to ensure the uniformity of the properties of the prepared model ice material. Therefore, the model ice obtained by the process flow has the columnar configuration of the natural sea ice on the base material section and the internal defect distribution.
At the beginning of the formation of natural sea ice, an isotropic granular layer is first generated due to sea surface disturbances. Under the granular layer, the water body is stable, and the ice crystals grow rapidly in the vertical direction to form a vertical and slender columnar crystal structure, so that an anisotropic columnar layer is obtained. Natural sea ice is a layered material consisting of a granular crystalline layer on the surface and a columnar crystalline layer below. Wherein the columnar crystal layer is the main part of the sea ice, and the defect structure in the ice is mainly distributed in the part. The crystallization process and defect formation mechanism of the columnar crystal layer jointly determine the columnar texture characteristics of the columnar crystal layer, and have important influence on crack distribution and propagation modes when the columnar crystal layer is damaged.
The preparation of model ice with similar physical and mechanical properties to natural sea ice is a necessary condition for carrying out ice mechanical model tests. The non-freezing model ice has the advantages of low temperature sensitivity, wide application range, low cost, quick preparation and the like, and is certainly applied more widely in ice mechanics research and plays a greater role. At present, the preparation of non-frozen model ice capable of effectively simulating natural sea ice mainly faces the following technical problems:
(1) the non-frozen model ice prepared by the prior art does not have the columnar texture structure of natural sea ice.
According to the growth process of the natural sea ice, the natural sea ice forms a columnar texture structure on the cross section, and the micro-crack nucleation characteristic and the macro-fracture failure mode of the natural sea ice are closely related to the texture structure. In the existing non-freezing model ice preparation technology, a mixed solution needs to be uniformly stirred when a model ice preparation is prepared, and then the crystallization process of the mixed solution is not interfered in the solidification stage of the mixed solution, so that the obtained non-freezing model ice does not have a columnar texture structure of natural sea ice, and the expressed mechanical characteristics are different.
(2) The non-frozen model ice prepared by the prior art does not have the characteristic that the internal defects of the natural sea ice are distributed along the columnar texture structure.
The defect structure in natural sea ice has an important influence on the mechanical properties and crack propagation mode of sea ice. The defect structure in natural sea ice has the columnar distribution characteristic similar to the columnar crystal layer around the defect structure due to the formation of the defect structure. The existing non-freezing model ice preparation technology adds impurities into a base material when a model ice preparation is prepared, and the impurities are used for simulating a defect structure in natural sea ice. However, the crystallization process links of the existing preparation technology determine that the defect structure is uniformly distributed in the model ice and does not have the characteristic that the defects in the natural sea ice are distributed along the columnar texture structure.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing non-freezing model ice preparation technology and provide a preparation method of the non-freezing model ice with columnar texture characteristics. The non-frozen model ice prepared by the method provided by the invention has a texture structure similar to that of natural sea ice. The model ice contains a defect structure taking bubbles as main components, and the distribution characteristics of the defect structure are similar to those of natural sea ice, so that the crack propagation characteristics of the model ice are better similar to those of the natural sea ice. The non-frozen model ice prepared by the method of the invention achieves a good simulation level of natural sea ice in a failure mode. Aiming at the difference of mechanical properties and destruction modes of the ice with the natural sea ice caused by the existing non-freezing model ice preparation technology, the invention realizes the control of the non-freezing model ice preparation process through the following technical scheme so as to solve the technical problems. The technical scheme is as follows:
a method for preparing non-frozen model ice with columnar texture characteristics comprises the steps that adopted equipment comprises a non-frozen model ice preparation mold and a gas injection device, wherein the mold comprises a mold outer plate and a mold making chamber, the mold making chamber is surrounded by the mold outer plate, namely a mold upper cover plate, a mold side plate and a mold bottom plate, a gas injection hole array is formed in the mold bottom plate, and a device for heating the bottom plate is arranged at the mold bottom plate; the gas injection device comprises a gas injection pipe array, a pipe divider, a gas inlet pipe and a gas pump, wherein the gas injection pipe array is arranged below the die bottom plate and corresponds to each gas injection hole, the aperture and the interval of the gas injection holes are adjusted according to mechanical parameters of model ice to be prepared, each gas injection pipe is connected with one end of the gas inlet pipe through the pipe divider, and the other end of the gas inlet pipe is connected with the gas pump.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) heating paraffin serving as a base material to form liquid paraffin, and adding gypsum powder, quartz powder and silicon powder into the liquid paraffin to obtain a paraffin mixed solution;
(2) connecting an air pump with an air inlet pipe, starting the air pump to inject air into the pipe separator through the air inlet pipe so as to supply air to each air injection pipe in the array, and keeping air supply pressure when the inlet air pressure of each air injection pipe reaches a design value;
(3) slowly pouring the paraffin wax mixed solution into a mould making chamber, heating a mould bottom plate, and simultaneously keeping the air supply pressure of an air pump so that bubbles continuously overflow and break on the surface of the paraffin wax mixed solution;
(4) under the heating action of the resistance wire of the bottom plate, the solidification speed of the bottom of the paraffin mixed solution is lower, and the contact part of the surface and the air is crystallized and solidified first; when the surface of the solution is solidified and no bubbles overflow and break, covering a mould cover plate, and standing until the paraffin mixed solution is gradually solidified; slowly solidifying from top to bottom along with the paraffin wax mixed solution, and finally solidifying and sealing the air holes of the bottom plate air injection pipe, stopping heating and air supply at the moment, and standing for a period of time until the solution is completely solidified;
(5) and (4) removing the outer plate of the mold, and taking out the ice sample of the non-frozen model.
Preferably, the device for heating the bottom plate is a pre-embedded resistance wire.
① use paraffin mixed solution mixed with gypsum powder, quartz powder and silicon powder to prepare non-frozen model ice ② designs a special non-frozen model ice preparation mould (as shown in figure 1), through which bubbles are injected in the process of solidifying the liquid paraffin mixed solution, the gas injection process can form a columnar air cavity in the model ice to simulate the columnar texture characteristics of natural sea ice material and the defect structure distributed along the columnar texture in the ice, ③ heats the bottom plate of the mould in the process of crystallizing the paraffin mixed solution to intervene in the crystallization process of the model ice preparation and control the solidification sequence and direction of the solution, thereby promoting the model ice to form the columnar texture characteristics and the air cavity defect structure distributed along the columnar.
The non-freezing model ice prepared by the technical scheme of the invention has mechanical properties similar to those of natural sea ice, has similar crack propagation characteristics and failure modes, can effectively improve the accuracy of the mechanical test of the non-freezing model ice, shortens the test period and reduces the test cost. The concrete advantages are as follows:
(1) the paraffin is used as a base material, so that the density of the natural sea ice is close to that of the natural sea ice. After gypsum powder, quartz powder and silicon powder are mixed, the brittleness of the material is improved, so that the brittleness characteristics of the prepared non-frozen model ice are more similar to those of natural sea ice.
(2) Through gas injection and heating intervention in the crystallization process of the model ice preparation, columnar texture characteristics and air cavity defect structures distributed along the columns are formed in the model ice, so that the crack propagation characteristics and the failure mode of the model ice are similar to those of natural sea ice, and the damage phenomena of the unfrozen model ice and the natural sea ice in a uniaxial compression test are more similar (as shown in figure 3).
(3) The paraffin wax mixed solution can be repeatedly used after being melted, the detachable die can also be repeatedly used, the preparation cost of the model ice is reduced to a great extent, and the preparation efficiency is improved at the same time.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a mold for preparing non-frozen model ice with columnar texture features according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the bottom plate of the mold
FIG. 3 shows the deterioration of the uniaxial compression test, and (a) shows the deterioration of the uniaxial compression test with the modified low-temperature frozen urea model ice. (b) Is the failure of a uniaxial compression test using a non-frozen model ice prepared using the technique of the invention.
The reference numbers in the figures illustrate: 1. a mold making chamber; 2. a mold side plate; 3. a mold base plate; 4. a gas injection pipe; 5. a mold cover plate; 6. a resistance wire; 7. a pipe divider; 8. an air inlet pipe.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.
1. Preparing a paraffin wax mixed solution. In order to effectively simulate the density of natural sea ice, paraffin with the density similar to that of the sea ice is selected as a base material. The solid paraffin was heated until it was completely melted into liquid paraffin. In order to improve the brittleness of the non-frozen model ice and make the non-frozen model ice more similar to natural sea ice in mechanical property, 1 percent of gypsum powder, 3 percent of quartz powder and 1.5 percent of silicon powder are added into liquid paraffin and stirred evenly for standby.
2. And assembling a non-freezing model ice preparation mold and an air injection device. The non-freezing model ice preparation mold is spliced and assembled by using the prefabricated ABS plate according to the pattern shown in the figures 1 and 2, and the outer part of the plate is fixed by using an adhesive tape, so that the mold is convenient to disassemble when the model ice is taken out. The space of a mold making chamber 1 in the mold is enclosed by a side plate 2, a bottom plate 3 and a cover plate 5, an array of gas injection pipes 4 is distributed on the bottom plate 3, each gas injection pipe 4 is connected with one end of a gas inlet pipe 8 through a pipe divider 7, and the other end of the gas inlet pipe 8 is connected with a gas pump. Meanwhile, resistance wires 6 are embedded in the die bottom plate 3, and the die bottom plate 3 can be heated by electrifying. In the non-freezing model ice preparation mould, the aperture and the distance of the gas injection pipe 4 are adjusted according to the mechanical property of the model ice to be prepared. The uniaxial compressive strength tested during the model ice trial for different gas injection tube hole sizes and spacings is shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 uniaxial compression strength of model ice at different gas injection tube apertures and spacings
3. And opening the valve to inject gas. And opening a valve of the air pump, and adjusting the air pressure of the initial air inlet pipe according to the mechanical property of the model ice to be prepared. For different ice strength requirements, the air pressure of the air inlet pipe needs to be adjusted and calibrated in the preparation process. The air flow enters the pipe separator 7 through the air inlet pipe 8, enters each air injection pipe 4 through flow separation, and finally forms uniform flow velocity to be sprayed out from each air injection pipe orifice.
4. Pouring the paraffin wax mixed solution. And slowly pouring the evenly stirred paraffin wax mixed solution into the mold making chamber 1, electrifying and heating the resistance wire 6 of the bottom plate of the mold, and simultaneously keeping the output pressure of the air pump to ensure that bubbles on the surface of the paraffin wax mixed solution continuously overflow and break until the whole mold making chamber 1 is filled.
5. Covering with a cover plate, and standing for solidification. Under the heating action of the bottom plate resistance wire 6, the paraffin mixed solution forms a temperature gradient of upper cold and lower heat, and the contact part of the surface and the air starts to crystallize and solidify firstly. And (5) covering a mould cover plate 5 when the surface of the solution is solidified and no bubble overflows and breaks, and standing until the paraffin mixed solution is gradually solidified. And (3) slowly solidifying the solution from top to bottom, finally sealing the air holes of each air injection pipe of the bottom plate, stopping heating and air supply at the moment, and standing for a period of time until the solution is completely solidified.
6. And (5) removing the die, and finishing and polishing. And (5) after the paraffin wax mixed solution is completely solidified, removing the mould, and taking out the non-frozen model ice sample. And finishing and polishing the appearance of the model ice to finish the preparation of the non-frozen model ice with the characteristic of columnar texture structure.
7. The uniaxial compression test examines the ice mechanical properties of the non-frozen model. The prepared non-frozen model ice was subjected to uniaxial compression test, as shown in fig. 3(b), and it was found that the non-frozen model ice had a failure form under uniaxial compression condition very similar to that of the low-temperature frozen model ice (as shown in fig. 3 (a)). By using the preparation method disclosed by the invention, the ice thickness range of the non-frozen model ice can be 3-6 cm, and the uniaxial compression strength range is 220-450 kPa.
Claims (3)
1. A method for preparing non-frozen model ice with columnar texture characteristics comprises the steps that adopted equipment comprises a non-frozen model ice preparation mold and a gas injection device, wherein the mold comprises a mold outer plate and a mold making chamber, the mold making chamber is surrounded by the mold outer plate, namely a mold upper cover plate, a mold side plate and a mold bottom plate, a gas injection hole array is formed in the mold bottom plate, and a device for heating the bottom plate is arranged at the mold bottom plate; the gas injection device comprises a gas injection pipe array, a pipe divider, a gas inlet pipe and a gas pump, wherein the gas injection pipe array is arranged below the die bottom plate and corresponds to each gas injection hole, the aperture and the interval of the gas injection holes are adjusted according to mechanical parameters of model ice to be prepared, each gas injection pipe is connected with one end of the gas inlet pipe through the pipe divider, and the other end of the gas inlet pipe is connected with the gas pump.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) heating paraffin serving as a base material to form liquid paraffin, and adding gypsum powder, quartz powder and silicon powder into the liquid paraffin to obtain a paraffin mixed solution;
(2) connecting an air pump with an air inlet pipe, starting the air pump to inject air into the pipe separator through the air inlet pipe so as to supply air to each air injection pipe in the array, and keeping air supply pressure when the inlet air pressure of each air injection pipe reaches a design value;
(3) slowly pouring the paraffin wax mixed solution into a mould making chamber, heating a mould bottom plate, and simultaneously keeping the air supply pressure of an air pump so that bubbles continuously overflow and break on the surface of the paraffin wax mixed solution;
(4) under the heating action of the bottom plate, the solidification speed of the bottom of the paraffin mixed solution is lower, and the contact part of the surface and the air is crystallized and solidified first; when the surface of the solution is solidified and no bubbles overflow and break, covering a mould cover plate, and standing until the paraffin mixed solution is gradually solidified; slowly solidifying from top to bottom along with the paraffin wax mixed solution, and finally solidifying and sealing the air holes of the bottom plate air injection pipe, stopping heating and air supply at the moment, and standing for a period of time until the solution is completely solidified;
(5) and (4) removing the outer plate of the mold, and taking out the ice sample of the non-frozen model.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the means for heating the base plate is pre-embedded resistance wire.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein 0.5-2% of gypsum powder, 2-4% of quartz powder and 1-35% of silicon powder are added into liquid paraffin, and the mixture is stirred uniformly to obtain a paraffin mixed solution.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111718164A (en) * | 2020-06-22 | 2020-09-29 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | Non-freezing breakable synthetic model ice material and preparation method thereof |
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