CN107011219A - 溴二氟甲硫氧基类化合物、中间体,及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

溴二氟甲硫氧基类化合物、中间体,及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN107011219A
CN107011219A CN201710277602.5A CN201710277602A CN107011219A CN 107011219 A CN107011219 A CN 107011219A CN 201710277602 A CN201710277602 A CN 201710277602A CN 107011219 A CN107011219 A CN 107011219A
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沈其龙
吴江
赵群超
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Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry of CAS
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种溴二氟甲硫氧基类化合物、中间体,及其制备方法及其应用。本发明提供了一种化合物I,其中,R1、R2和R3各自独立地为H、C1~C10的烷基、C6~C10的芳基,且R1、R2和R3中至少两个不同时为H;或所述的R1、R2和R3中任意两个连接,形成C3~C6的环烷烃;或所述的R1、R2和R3中任意两个连接,形成C3~C6的环烷烃,并与苯环形成并环。本发明提供了一种所述的化合物I的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:在有机溶剂中,将化合物II、Cl2和化合物III进行反应,得到所述的化合物I即可。使用本发明的溴二氟甲硫氧基类化合物I,能实现芳烃或杂芳烃化合物上直接引入溴二氟甲硫基。

Description

溴二氟甲硫氧基类化合物、中间体,及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种溴二氟甲硫氧基类化合物、中间体,及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
将氟原子以及氟烷基引入到药物以及农药分子中可以有效地增加其代谢稳定性,同时提高脂溶性,可以更好的渗透过细胞膜,提高药效。其中三氟甲硫基是含氟官能团中一类重要的基团,它具有较强的电负性以及较好的脂溶性,所以将三氟甲硫基引入到有机小分子中能够产生非常重要的作用。基于以上原因,三氟甲硫基取代基在农药和医药分子中具有广泛应用。
而与三氟甲硫基类似的基团溴二氟甲硫基报道较少,将其中一个氟原子被溴取代,改变了该基团的理化性质,在药物分子中引入该基团很有可能引入到医药或者农药分子中,很有可能对药效有所改观。此外,溴二氟甲硫基是一个很好引入18F标记的基团,采用氟卤交换的方法可以在温和的条件下实现。(Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2015,54,9991–9995)因此,如何在分子中引入溴二氟甲硫基逐渐受到关注,现有的方法仅有间接的方法,通过硫醇与CBr2F2在强碱的条件下得到溴二氟甲硫基的产物。(Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.2015,54,9991–9995)
通过该方法引入溴二氟甲硫基存在许多缺点:第一,必须首先在分子内引入硫醇,但在分子中引入硫醇并不容易;第二,该反应需要在强碱的条件下,且需要在非常低的温度下进行,条件苛刻,难以控制;第三,底物兼容性差,而且普遍产率较低。目前只有通过以上间接的方法向分子内引入溴二氟甲硫基,如何直接在分子中(特别是芳环上)引入溴二氟甲硫基是一个急需解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是克服现有技术中引入溴二氟甲硫基的方法存在的仅能通过间接法引入,条件苛刻、底物兼容性差、收率低等缺陷,而提供了一种溴二氟甲硫氧基类化合物I和中间体、制备方法及应用。应用本发明的溴二氟甲硫氧取代的化合物I,可以直接在芳烃或杂芳烃上引入溴二氟甲硫基结构。
本发明提供了一种化合物I,其结构如下所示,
其中,R1、R2和R3各自独立地为H、C1~C4的烷基、C6~C10的芳基,且R1、R2和R3中至少两个不同时为H;或所述的R1、R2和R3中任意两个连接,形成C3~C6的环烷烃;或所述的R1、R2和R3中任意两个连接,形成C3~C6的环烷烃,并与苯环形成并环。
所述的C1~C4的烷基优选甲基、乙基、丙基或丁基。
所述的C6~C10的芳基优选苯基。
当R1、R2和R3中任意两个连接,形成C3~C6的环烷烃时,所述的C3~C6的环烷烃优选为环丁烷或环戊烷。
当R1、R2和R3中任意两个连接,形成C3~C6的环烷烃,并与苯环形成并环时,所述的并环优选为2,3-二氢-1H-茚。
所述的化合物I优选化合物I-1或化合物I-2,
本发明提供了一种所述的化合物I的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:在有机溶剂中,将化合物II、Cl2和化合物III进行反应,得到所述的化合物I即可,
其中,化合物III和化合物I中R1、R2和R3的定义同上。
所述的化合物I的制备方法中,所述的有机溶剂可为本领域中该类反应的常规的,只要不与反应物或产物进行反应即可,本发明中特别优选乙腈,二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷中的一种或多种,进一步优选三氯甲烷。
所述的化合物I的制备方法中,所述的化合物II与所述的Cl2的投料量摩尔比可为1:0.5~1:2,优选为1:1。
所述的化合物I的制备方法中,所述的Cl2与所述的有机溶剂的摩尔体积比为本领域常规的,例如0.1mol/L~10mol/L,本发明中特别优选为0.5mol/L~3mol/L,更优选为1mol/L。
所述的Cl2可为液氯或氯气,较佳地为所述的有机溶剂的Cl2溶液。
所述的化合物I的制备方法中,所述的化合物II与所述的化合物III的投料量摩尔比可为1:1~1:5,优选为1:2。
所述的化合物I的制备方法中,所述的反应的温度可以为本领域中该类反应的常规温度,本发明中特别优选-70℃~0℃,进一步优选-30℃~-10℃。
所述的化合物I的制备方法中,较佳地包括如下步骤:在有机溶剂中,将所述的化合物II和所述的Cl2反应后,再与所述的化合物III进行反应,得到所述的化合物I即可。
所述的反应较佳的在惰性体系下反应,例如Ar或N2
所述的反应较佳的在无水条件下进行,所述的无水以本领域常规的,不影响反应即可。
所述的化合物I的制备方法中,所述的反应的进程可以采用本领域中的常规测试方法(例如TLC、HPLC或NMR)进行监测,一般以原料消失或不再反应为反应的终点。
所述的化合物I的制备方法中,还可包括以下后处理步骤:反应结束后,浓缩、柱色谱分离得到所述的化合物I即可。所述的柱色谱分离的操作可以按照本领域中该类操作的常规方法和条件。
本发明提供了一种化合物II,其结构如下所示,
本发明还提供了一种化合物II的制备方法,其包括以下步骤:在有机溶剂中,将苄基硫醇与NaH的混合体系,与CF2Br2进行反应,得到所述的化合物II即可,
所述化合物II的制备方法中,所述的有机溶剂为本领域常规的,以不影响反应即可,例如N-甲基吡咯烷酮(NMP)、二甲基乙酰胺(DMAc)、二甲基甲酰胺和四氢呋喃中的一种或多种,优选四氢呋喃和/或二甲基甲酰胺。
所述化合物II的制备方法中,所述的苄基硫醇与所述的NaH投料摩尔比可为1:1~1:2,优选为1:1.5。
所述化合物II的制备方法中,所述的苄基硫醇与所述的CF2Br2投料摩尔比可为1:1.5~1:5,优选为1:2。
所述化合物II的制备方法中,所述的有机溶剂与所述的苄基硫醇的体积摩尔比优选为0.1mL/mmol~100mL/mmol,进一步优选1mL/mmol~5mL/mmol。
所述化合物II的制备方法中,较佳的在惰性体系下反应,例如Ar、N2
所述化合物II的制备方法中,较佳的在无水条件下进行,所述的无水以本领域常规的,不影响反应即可。
所述化合物II的制备方法中,优选包括以下步骤:在有机溶剂中,在-20℃~30℃,将所述的苄基硫醇与所述的NaH混合后,再在-78℃~-30℃,与所述的CF2Br2进行反应,得到所述的化合物II即可。
所述化合物II的制备方法中,更优选包括以下步骤:在有机溶剂中,在0~20℃,将所述的苄基硫醇与所述的NaH混合后,形成的混合物在室温保持10~60分钟,再在-78℃~-50℃,与所述的CF2Br2进行反应,得到所述的化合物II即可。
所述化合物II的制备方法中,所述的反应的进程可以采用本领域中的常规测试方法(例如TLC、HPLC或NMR)进行监测,一般以原料消失或不再反应为反应的终点;本发明中特别优选为反应24小时。
所述化合物II的制备方法中,还可包括以下后处理步骤:反应结束后,萃取、柱色谱分离得到所述的化合物II即可。所述的柱色谱分离的操作可以按照本领域中该类操作的常规方法和条件。
本发明还提供了一种化合物V的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:在有机溶剂中,在叔丁醇碱金属化物、卤化亚铜与双齿膦配体形成的络合物作用下,将化合物IV和所述的化合物I进行偶联反应,得到所述的化合物V即可,
其中,所述的化合物I中R1、R2和R3的定义同上;
所述的A环为C6~C10的芳烃或C2~C12杂芳烃;
所述的C6~C10的芳烃可为单环或者双环碳环,其中至少一个环是芳香环;
所述的C2~C12的杂芳烃可为单环或者多环,其中至少一个环是芳香环并且含有1-4个选自O、N、和S的杂原子;
当所述的芳烃或者杂芳烃不为单环时,化合物V中A环与溴二氟甲硫基取代基或化合物IV中A环与硼酸频哪醇酯取代基的连接,是通过其中的芳香环进行的;
R’选自取代或未取代的C1~C6的烷基、取代或未取代的C1~C4的烯基、取代或未取代的C1~C4的烷氧基、取代或未取代的C1~C4的烷基羰基、取代或未取代的C1~C4的烷氧基羰基、取代或未取代的“杂原子为N、O或S,杂原子数为1-3个的C2~C5的杂环基”、取代或未取代的C6~C10的芳基、甲醛基、氰基、硝基、卤素、氨基和氧代基中的一个或多个;所述的取代可为C1~C4的烷基、C1~C4的烷氧基羰基、C6的芳基和C2~C5的杂芳基中的一个或多个。
所述的n=0~(A环最大开放化合价总数-1);所述的A环最大开放化合价总数等于A环带有取代基的最大数目。
所述的溴二氟甲硫基取代基,替代化合物IV中硼酸频哪醇酯取代基,即为化合物V。
所述的C6~C10的芳烃优选苯、萘或联苯。
所述的C2~C12的杂芳烃包括但不限于:吖啶、咔唑、噌啉、喹喔啉、吡唑、吲哚、呋喃、噻吩、苯并三唑、苯并噁唑、苯并噻吩、苯并呋喃、2,2'-二苯并呋喃(氧芴)、苯并吡喃、喹啉、异喹啉、噁唑、异噁唑、吡嗪、哒嗪、吡啶、嘧啶、吡咯、四氢喹啉、2H-色烯、2-苯并噁唑、以及包括任何含氮杂芳基的N-氧化物。
所述的R’优选甲基、环丙基、正已基、乙烯基、苯基、苄基、氟、氯、溴、碘、甲氧基、乙氧基、苄氧基、醛基、乙酰基、甲氧基羰基、叔丁氧羰基、吗啉基、N-叔丁氧羰基-N-甲基胺基、硝基、氟、氯、溴、碘、氰基或氧代基。
所述的偶联反应中,所述的卤化亚铜可为本领域熟知的氯化亚铜、溴化亚铜或碘化亚铜中的一种或多种,优选为溴化亚铜和/或氯化亚铜。
所述的偶联反应中,所述的双齿膦配体可为本领域熟知的,含有2个配位原子磷的配体;本发明中特别优选1,2-双(二苯膦)乙烷(DPPE)、1,4-双(二苯基膦)丁烷(DPPB)、1,2-双(二苯基膦基)苯(DPPBz)、(±)-2,2'-双-(二苯膦基)-1,1'-联萘(BINAP)和4,5-双二苯基膦-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽(XantPhos)中的一种或多种,进一步优选1,2-双(二苯膦)乙烷(DPPE)。
所述的卤化亚铜与双齿膦配体形成的络合物优选氯化亚铜与1,2-双(二苯膦)乙烷、1,4-双(二苯基膦)丁烷或(±)-2,2'-双-(二苯膦基)-1,1'-联萘形成的络合物,溴化亚铜与1,2-双(二苯基膦基)苯或4,5-双二苯基膦-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽形成的络合物。
所述的偶联反应中,所述的叔丁醇碱金属化物可为本领域熟知的,本发明中特别优选叔丁醇钠和或叔丁醇钾。
所述的偶联反应中,所述的有机溶剂可为本领域常规的,以不影响反应即可,本发明中特别优选二甲醚(DME)、二乙二醇二乙醚(diglyme)、二氧六环(dioxane)和甲苯中的一种或多种,进一步优选甲苯。
所述的偶联反应中,所述的化合物I与所述的化合物IV的投料摩尔比可为1:1~2:1,优选为1.2:1。
所述的偶联反应中,所述的卤化亚铜与双齿膦配体形成的络合物与所述的化合物IV的投料摩尔比可为1:20~1:1,优选为1:20~1:5,进一步优选1:10。
所述的偶联反应中,所述的叔丁醇碱金属化物与所述的化合物IV的投料摩尔比可为1:20~1:1,优选为1:5~1:2,进一步优选3:10。
所述的偶联反应中,所述的有机溶剂的用量可不做限定,以不影响反应,即可;本发明中特别优选所述的有机溶剂与所述的化合物IV的体积摩尔比为0.1mL/mmol~100mL/mmol,进一步优选1mL/mmol~5mL/mmol。
所述的偶联反应中,所述的反应的温度可以为本领域中该类反应的常规温度,例如0℃~150℃,本发明中特别优选20℃~80℃,进一步优选50℃。
所述的偶联反应中,较佳的在无水无氧条件下进行,所述的无水无氧以本领域常规的,不影响反应即可,例如在封管条件下进行。
所述的偶联反应中,所述的反应的进程可以采用本领域中的常规测试方法(例如TLC、HPLC或NMR)进行监测,一般以原料消失或不再反应为反应的终点。
本发明中,除非另有说明,在本发明说明书和权利要求书中出现的以下术语具有下述含义:
术语“芳基”(包括单独使用及包含在其它基团中时)是指任何稳定的在各环中可高达7个原子的单环或者双环碳环,其中至少一个环是芳香环。上述芳基单元的实例包括苯基、萘基、四氢萘基、2,3-二氢化茚基、联苯基、菲基、蒽基或者苊基(acenaphthyl)。可以理解,在芳基取代基是二环取代基,且其中一个环是非芳香环的情况中,连接是通过芳环进行的。
术语“芳杂基”或“杂芳基”(包括单独使用及包含在其它基团中时)表示各环中可高达7个原子的稳定单环或者二环,其中至少一个环是芳香环并且含有1-4个选自O、N、和S的杂原子。在此定义范围内的杂芳基包括但不限于:吖啶基、咔唑基、噌啉基、喹喔啉基、吡唑基、吲哚基、苯并三唑基、呋喃基、噻吩基、苯并噻吩基、苯并呋喃基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、吲哚基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡咯基、四氢喹啉。“杂芳基”还应当理解为包括任何含氮杂芳基的N-氧化物衍生物。在其中杂芳基取代基是二环取代基并且一个环是非芳香环或者不包含杂原子的情况下,可以理解,连接分别通过芳环或者通过在环上的杂原子进行。
术语“卤素”包括F、Cl、Br、I。
术语“氧代”是指将-CH2-替换为
术语“室温”在本领域内是指在10~30℃。
在符合本领域常识的基础上,上述各优选条件,可任意组合,即得本发明各较佳实例。
本发明所用试剂和原料均市售可得。
本发明的积极进步效果在于:本发明提供了一种所述的溴二氟甲硫氧基类化合物I和中间体、制备方法及其应用。使用本发明的溴二氟甲硫氧基类化合物I,与硼酸频哪醇酯取代的芳烃或杂芳烃化合物IV进行反应,能实现芳烃以及杂芳烃化合物上直接引入溴二氟甲硫基,制得所述的含溴二氟甲硫基的化合物V,且具有安全简便、收率高、底物兼容性好等优点。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明,但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,按照常规方法和条件,或按照商品说明书选择。
实施例1:溴二氟甲硫氧基类化合物I-1的合成
苄基溴二氟硫醚II的合成
在500mL三口瓶中,在Ar条件下,加入NaH(150mmol,6.0g(60wt%),1.5equiv),再加入无水THF 200mL以及DMF 20mL,冷却至0℃,向体系中滴加苄基硫醇(100mmol,11.6mL,1.0equiv),恢复室温搅拌30min,将体系冷却至-78℃,加入CF2Br2(200mmol,28mL,2.0equiv),继续搅拌24h。反应结束后,加入少量水,用乙醚萃取三次,减压旋蒸,残留物经快速硅胶柱层析,得到化合物II,无色液体9.0g,收率36%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.36–7.29(m,5H),4.16(s,2H);19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-21.08(s,2F).
化合物III-1的合成
在250mL的三口瓶中,加入2-苯异丙醇(90.0mmol,12.2g,1.0equiv),抽换气三次,加入超干的乙醚50mL,冷却到-78℃搅拌。该温度下慢慢滴入正丁基锂(2.5M,40mL,1.1equiv),滴加完毕后,-78℃下反应0.5h,再恢复到室温反应0.5h。反应结束后,静置,把上层清液吸走,加入超干乙醚洗涤,静置,再吸走上层清液,重复两次,抽干,得化合物III-1,白色固体10.5g,收率82%。
溴二氟甲硫氧基类化合物I-1的合成
在50mL蛋形瓶中,加入苄基溴二氟硫醚(6.0mmol,1.5g,1.0equiv),再加入Cl2的CHCl3溶液(1M,6mL,1.0equiv),室温搅拌半小时,加入锂盐III-1(12mmol,1.7g,2.0equiv),室温继续搅拌15min。反应结束后,减压旋蒸,残留物经快速硅胶柱层析,得到化合物I-1,无色液体1.3g,收率73%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.44–7.31(m,5H),1.72(s,6H);19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-33.16(s,2F).
溴二氟甲硫基取代的化合物V的制备
实施例2~20
a反应条件:a(28.0mg,0.1mmol),I-1(29.6mg,0.1mmol),VI和VII,反应2小时。b收率,通过反应体系中粗品的19F NMR分析得到(以三氟甲苯为内标)。c1.2当量的I-1。
实施例21
在手套箱中,将DPPECuCl(25mg,10mol%)和NaOtBu(15mg,30mol%)加入到封管中,随后加入2-(6-甲氧萘环-2-基)硼酸频哪醇酯(0.5mmol,1.0equiv,142mg)以及化合物I-1(0.6mmol,1.2equiv,178mg),2mL甲苯,50℃搅拌2h。反应结束后,减压旋蒸,残留物经快速硅胶柱层析,得到白色固体157mg,收率99%。纯度经氢谱鉴定大于95%。
溴二氟甲基-6-甲氧基-2-萘硫醚((Bromodifluoromethyl)(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)sulfane):1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.12(s,1H),7.79–7.65(m,2H),7.64(d,J=8.5Hz,1H),7.22(d,J=9.0Hz,1H),7.14(s,1H),3.94(s,3H);19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-22.14(s,2F);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ159.22,136.96,135.55,132.59,129.83,128.78,127.79,121.42,119.89,119.68(t,J=338.6Hz),105.57,55.33ppm.
实施例22
在手套箱中,将DPPECuCl(25mg,10mol%)和NaOtBu(15mg,30mol%)加入到封管中,随后加入4-溴苯基硼酸频哪醇酯(0.5mmol,1.0equiv,141mg)以及化合物I-1(0.6mmol,1.2equiv,178mg),2mL甲苯,50℃搅拌2h。反应结束后,减压旋蒸,残留物经快速硅胶柱层析,得到白色固体147mg,收率93%。纯度经氢谱鉴定大于95%。
溴二氟甲基-4-溴苯硫醚((Bromodifluoromethyl)(4-bromophenyl)sulfane):1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.57(d,J=8.4Hz,2H),7.51(d,J=8.5Hz,2H);19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-22.51(s,2F);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ137.76,132.77,126.27,126.15,118.65(t,J=338.6Hz)ppm.
实施例23
在手套箱中,将DPPECuCl(25mg,10mol%)和NaOtBu(15mg,30mol%)加入到封管中,随后加入4-氰苯基硼酸频哪醇酯(0.5mmol,1.0equiv,115mg)以及化合物I-1(0.6mmol,1.2equiv,178mg),2mL甲苯,50℃搅拌2h。反应结束后,减压旋蒸,残留物经快速硅胶柱层析,得到浅黄色固体118mg,收率90%。纯度经氢谱鉴定大于95%。
溴二氟甲基-4-氰基苯硫醚(4-((Bromodifluoromethyl)thio)benzonitrile):1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.76(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.72(d,J=8.4Hz,2H);19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-21.91(s,2F);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ136.10,133.01,132.92,117.97(t,J=339.0Hz),117.67,114.82ppm.
实施例24
在手套箱中,将DPPECuCl(25mg,10mol%)和NaOtBu(15mg,30mol%)加入到封管中,随后加入3-甲氧羰基苯基硼酸频哪醇酯(0.5mmol,1.0equiv,131mg)以及化合物I-1(0.6mmol,1.2equiv,178mg),2mL甲苯,50℃搅拌2h。反应结束后,减压旋蒸,残留物经快速硅胶柱层析,得到浅黄色液体140mg,收率94%。纯度经氢谱鉴定大于95%。
溴二氟甲基-3-甲氧羰基苯硫醚(Methyl 3-((bromodifluoromethyl)thio)benzoate):1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.32(s,1H),8.18(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.84(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),7.52(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),3.94(s,3H);19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-22.25(s,2F);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ165.75,140.46,137.29,132.10,131.61,129.55 127.75,118.76(t,J=338.7Hz),52.49ppm.
实施例25
在手套箱中,将DPPECuCl(25mg,10mol%)和NaOtBu(15mg,30mol%)加入到封管中,随后加入叔丁基(4-硼酸频哪醇酯-苯基)(甲基)氨基甲酸酯(0.5mmol,1.0equiv,166mg)以及化合物I-1(0.6mmol,1.2equiv,178mg),2mL甲苯,50℃搅拌2h。反应结束后,减压旋蒸,残留物经快速硅胶柱层析,得到白色固体181mg,收率98%。纯度经氢谱鉴定大于95%。
叔丁基(4-溴二氟硫甲基-苯基)(甲基)氨基甲酸酯(tert-Butyl(4-((bromodifluoromethyl)thio)phenyl)(methyl)carbamate):1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.58(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),7.33(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),3.28(s,3H),1.47(s,9H);19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-22.45(s,2F);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ154.07,146.41,136.63,125.46,122.67,119.24(t,J=338.6Hz),81.06,36.81,28.21ppm.
实施例26
在手套箱中,将DPPECuCl(25mg,10mol%)和NaOtBu(15mg,30mol%)加入到封管中,随后加入4-硝基苯基硼酸频哪醇酯(0.5mmol,1.0equiv,125mg)以及化合物I-1(0.6mmol,1.2equiv,178mg),2mL甲苯,50℃搅拌2h。反应结束后,减压旋蒸,残留物经快速硅胶柱层析,得到浅黄色固体95mg,收率67%。纯度经氢谱鉴定大于95%。
溴二氟甲基-4-硝基苯硫醚((Bromodifluoromethyl)(4-nitrophenyl)sulfane):1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.28(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),7.83(d,J=8.5Hz,2H);19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-21.87(s,2H);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ149.13,136.19,134.89,124.27,117.74(t,J=339.0Hz)ppm.
实施例27
在手套箱中,将DPPECuCl(25mg,10mol%)和NaOtBu(15mg,30mol%)加入到封管中,随后加入6-(硼酸频哪醇酯基)-2,3-二氢苯并[b][1,4]二氧六环(0.5mmol,1.0equiv,131mg)以及化合物I-1(0.6mmol,1.2equiv,178mg),2mL甲苯,50℃搅拌2h。反应结束后,减压旋蒸,残留物经快速硅胶柱层析,得到浅黄色液体125mg,收率84%。纯度经氢谱鉴定大于95%。
6-(溴二氟甲硫基)-2,3-二氢苯并[b][1,4]二氧六环(6-((Bromodifluoromethyl)thio)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine):1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.18(s,1H),7.13(d,J=8.3Hz,1H),6.89(d,J=8.4Hz,1H),4.28–4.27(m,4H);19FNMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-22.90(s,2F).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ146.38,143.73,130.06,125.46,119.60(t,J=338.5Hz),118.39,118.07,64.40,64.04ppm.
实施例28
在手套箱中,将DPPECuCl(25mg,10mol%)和NaOtBu(15mg,30mol%)加入到封管中,随后加入4-(4-((硼酸频哪醇酯基)苯基)吗啉(0.5mmol,1.0equiv,145mg)以及化合物I-1(0.6mmol,1.2equiv,178mg),2mL甲苯,50℃搅拌2h。反应结束后,减压旋蒸,残留物经快速硅胶柱层析,得到白色固体137mg,收率85%。纯度经氢谱鉴定大于95%。
4-(4-((溴二氟甲硫基)苯基)吗啉(4-(4-((bromodifluoromethyl)thio)phenyl)morpholine):1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.52(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),6.88(d,J=8.6Hz,2H),4.86–3.84(m,4H),3.25–3.23(m,4H).;19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-23.08(s,2F).13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ152.88,137.91,120.12(t,J=338.4Hz),115.43,114.95,66.57,47.78ppm.
实施例29:
在手套箱中,将DPPECuCl(25mg,10mol%)和NaOtBu(15mg,30mol%)加入到封管中,随后加入1-苄基-4-(硼酸频哪醇酯基)-1H-吡唑(0.5mmol,1.0equiv,142mg)以及化合物I-1(0.6mmol,1.2equiv,178mg),2mL甲苯,50℃搅拌2h。反应结束后,减压旋蒸,残留物经快速硅胶柱层析,得到浅黄色液体143mg,收率90%。纯度经氢谱鉴定大于95%。
1-苄基-4-(溴二氟甲硫基)-1H-吡唑:1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.69(s,1H),7.61(s,1H),7.38–7.33(m,3H),7.22(d,J=6.7Hz,2H),5.30(s,2H);19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-24.35(s,2F).
实施例30:
在手套箱中,将DPPECuCl(25mg,10mol%)和NaOtBu(15mg,30mol%)加入到封管中,随后加入3-(硼酸频哪醇酯基)-2-甲氧基吡啶(0.5mmol,1.0equiv,118mg)以及化合物I-1(0.6mmol,1.2equiv,178mg),2mL甲苯,50℃搅拌2h。反应结束后,减压旋蒸,残留物经快速硅胶柱层析,得到浅黄色液体112mg,收率83%。纯度经氢谱鉴定大于95%。
3-(溴二氟甲硫基)-2-甲氧基吡啶(3-((bromodifluoromethyl)thio)-2-methoxypyridine):1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.28(d,J=2.9Hz,1H),7.89(d,J=7.3Hz,1H),6.95–6.92(m,1H),4.01(s,3H);19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-21.89(s,2F);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ163.82,150.09,147.17,118.70(t,J=340.0Hz),117.40,110.69,54.36ppm.
实施例31:
在手套箱中,将DPPECuCl(25mg,10mol%)和NaOtBu(15mg,30mol%)加入到封管中,随后加入4-(硼酸频哪醇酯基)-3,5-二甲基异恶唑(0.5mmol,1.0equiv,112mg)以及化合物I-1(0.6mmol,1.2equiv,178mg),2mL甲苯,50℃搅拌2h。反应结束后,减压旋蒸,残留物经快速硅胶柱层析,得到浅黄色液体96mg,收率75%。纯度经氢谱鉴定大于95%。
4-(溴二氟甲硫基)-3,5-二甲基异恶唑(4-((bromodifluoromethyl)thio)-3,5-dimethylisoxazole):1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ2.52(s,3H),2.32(s,3H);19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-23.55(s,2F);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ176.37,162.19,119.07(t,J=339.7Hz),101.23,11.81,10.11ppm.
实施例32:
在手套箱中,将DPPECuCl(25mg,10mol%)和NaOtBu(15mg,30mol%)加入到封管中,随后加入2-(硼酸频哪醇酯基)苯并噻吩(0.5mmol,1.0equiv,130mg)以及化合物I-1(0.6mmol,1.2equiv,178mg),2mL甲苯,50℃搅拌2h。反应结束后,减压旋蒸,残留物经快速硅胶柱层析,得到浅黄色液体96mg,收率75%。纯度经氢谱鉴定大于95%。
2-(溴二氟甲硫基)苯并噻吩(2-((bromodifluoromethyl)thio)benzo[b]thiophene):1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.84(t,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.69(s,1H),7.47–7.40(m,2H);19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-23.61(s,2F);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ144.05,138.89,136.28,126.33,125.82,124.99,124.65,122.18,118.47(t,J=341.1Hz)ppm.
实施例33:
在手套箱中,将DPPECuCl(25mg,10mol%)和NaOtBu(15mg,30mol%)加入到封管中,随后加入2-(硼酸频哪醇酯基)苯并呋喃(0.5mmol,1.0equiv,122mg)以及化合物I-1(0.6mmol,1.2equiv,178mg),2mL甲苯,50℃搅拌2h。反应结束后,减压旋蒸,残留物经快速硅胶柱层析,得到白色固体121mg,收率87%。纯度经氢谱鉴定大于95%。
2-(溴二氟甲硫基)苯并呋喃(2-((bromodifluoromethyl)thio)benzofuran):1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.65(d,J=7.7Hz,1H),7.56(d,J=8.2Hz,1H),7.44(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.33–7.30(m,2H);19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-22.21(s,2F);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ157.36,141.46,127.55,126.85,123.53,121.79,119.85,117.73(t,J=342.0Hz),111.86ppm.
实施例34:
在手套箱中,将DPPECuCl(25mg,10mol%)和NaOtBu(15mg,30mol%)加入到封管中,随后加入5-(硼酸频哪醇酯基)异喹啉(0.5mmol,1.0equiv,128mg)以及化合物I-1(0.6mmol,1.2equiv,178mg),2mL甲苯,50℃搅拌2h。反应结束后,减压旋蒸,残留物经快速硅胶柱层析,得到浅黄色液体93mg,收率64%。纯度经氢谱鉴定大于95%。
5-(溴二氟甲硫基)异喹啉(5-((bromodifluoromethyl)thio)isoquinoline):1HNMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.30(s,1H),8.69(d,J=5.9Hz,1H),8.27(d,J=5.7Hz,1H),8.16(d,J=7.6Hz,2H),7.66(t,J=7.7Hz,1H);19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-21.78(s,2F);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ152.83,144.84,141.75,138.10,131.98,129.22,127.02,123.86,118.64(t,J=340.0Hz),118.27ppm.
实施例35:
在手套箱中,将DPPECuCl(25mg,10mol%)和NaOtBu(15mg,30mol%)加入到封管中,随后加入4-(5-(硼酸频哪醇酯基)嘧啶-2-基)吗啉(0.5mmol,1.0equiv,146mg)以及化合物I-1(0.6mmol,1.2equiv,178mg),2mL甲苯,50℃搅拌2h。反应结束后,减压旋蒸,残留物经快速硅胶柱层析,得到白色固体143mg,收率88%。纯度经氢谱鉴定大于95%。
4-(5-(溴二氟甲硫基)嘧啶-2-基)吗啉(4-(5-((bromodifluoromethyl)thio)pyrimidin-2-yl)morpholine):1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.44(s,2H),3.89–3.87(m,4H),3.77–3.75(m,4H);19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-24.34(s,2F);13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ164.38,161.28,119.25(t,J=339.0Hz),108.90,66.66,44.27ppm.
实施例36:溴二氟甲硫氧基类化合物I-2的合成
化合物III-2的合成
在250mL的三口瓶中,加入2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-2-ol(25.0mmol,3.35g,1.0equiv),抽换气三次,加入超干的乙醚10mL,冷却到-78℃搅拌。该温度下慢慢滴入正丁基锂(2.5M,10mL,1.0equiv),滴加完毕后,-78℃下反应0.5h,再恢复到室温反应0.5h。反应结束后,静置,把上层清液吸走,加入超干乙醚洗涤,静置,再吸走上层清液,重复两次,抽干,得化合物III-2,白色固体3.18g,收率91%。
溴二氟甲硫氧基类化合物I-2的合成
在50mL蛋形瓶中,加入苄基溴二氟硫醚(6.0mmol,1.5g,1.0equiv),再加入Cl2的CHCl3溶液(1M,6mL,1.0equiv),搅拌半小时,加入锂盐III-2(12mmol,1.68g,2.0equiv),继续搅拌15min。反应结束后,减压旋蒸,残留物经快速硅胶柱层析,得到化合物I-2,无色液体0.55g,收率31%。
1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.24–7.17(m,5H),4.89–4.16(m,1H),3.31–3.25(m,2H),3.20–3.15(m,2H);19F NMR(376MHz,CDCl3)δ-34.78(s,2F).
实施例37~53,采用硼酸频哪醇酯基底物、化合物I-1,及与实施例20相同方法,制备的到相应的溴二氟甲硫基取代的化合物。

Claims (20)

1.一种化合物I,其结构如下所示,
其中,R1、R2和R3各自独立地为H、C1~C4的烷基、C6~C10的芳基,且R1、R2和R3中至少两个不同时为H;或所述的R1、R2和R3中任意两个连接,形成C3~C6的环烷烃;或所述的R1、R2和R3中任意两个连接,形成C3~C6的环烷烃,并与苯环形成并环。
2.如权利要求1所述的化合物I,其特征在于,所述的C1~C4的烷基为甲基、乙基、丙基或丁基;所述的C6~C10的芳基为苯基;当R1、R2和R3中任意两个连接,形成C3~C6的环烷烃时,所述的C3~C6的环烷烃为环丁烷或环戊烷;当R1、R2和R3中任意两个连接,形成C3~C6的环烷烃,并与苯环形成并环时,所述的并环为2,3-二氢-1H-茚。
3.如权利要求2所述的化合物I,其特征在于,所述的化合物I为化合物I-1或化合物I-2,
4.一种如权利要求1~3任一项所述的化合物I的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:在有机溶剂中,将化合物II、Cl2和化合物III进行反应,得到所述的化合物I即可,
其中,化合物III和化合物I中R1、R2和R3的定义均如权利要求1或2所述。
5.如权利要求4所述的化合物I的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的有机溶剂为乙腈,二氯甲烷和三氯甲烷中的一种或多种;
和/或,所述的化合物II与所述的Cl2的投料量摩尔比为1:0.5~1:2;
和/或,所述的Cl2与所述的有机溶剂的摩尔体积比为0.5mol/L~3mol/L;
和/或,所述的化合物II与所述的化合物III的投料量摩尔比为1:1~1:5;
和/或,所述的Cl2为液氯或氯气;
和/或,所述的反应的温度为-70℃~0℃;
和/或,所述的反应在惰性体系下反应;
和/或,所述的反应在无水条件下进行。
6.如权利要求5所述的化合物I的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的有机溶剂为三氯甲烷;
和/或,所述的化合物II与所述的Cl2的投料量摩尔比为1:1;
和/或,所述的Cl2与所述的有机溶剂的摩尔体积比为1mol/L;
和/或,所述的化合物II与所述的化合物III的投料量摩尔比为1:2;
和/或,所述的Cl2为所述的有机溶剂的Cl2溶液;
和/或,所述的反应的温度为-30℃~-10℃。
7.如权利要求4~6任一项所述的化合物I的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:在有机溶剂中,将所述的化合物II和所述的Cl2反应后,再与所述的化合物III进行反应,得到所述的化合物I即可。
8.一种化合物II,其结构如下所示,
9.一种如权利要求8所述的化合物II的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:在有机溶剂中,将苄基硫醇与NaH的混合体系,与CF2Br2进行反应,得到所述的化合物II即可,
10.如权利要求9所述的化合物II的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的有机溶剂为N-甲基吡咯烷酮、二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基甲酰胺和四氢呋喃中的一种或多种;
和/或,所述的苄基硫醇与所述的NaH投料摩尔比为1:1~1:2;
和/或,所述的苄基硫醇与所述的CF2Br2投料摩尔比可为1:1.5~1:5;
和/或,所述的有机溶剂与所述的苄基硫醇的体积摩尔比为0.1mL/mmol~100mL/mmol;
和/或,所述的反应在惰性体系下反应;
和/或,所述的反应在无水条件下进行。
11.如权利要求10所述的化合物II的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的有机溶剂为四氢呋喃和/或二甲基甲酰胺;
和/或,所述的苄基硫醇与所述的NaH投料摩尔比为1:1.5;
和/或,所述的苄基硫醇与所述的CF2Br2投料摩尔比可为1:2;
和/或,所述的有机溶剂与所述的苄基硫醇的体积摩尔比为1mL/mmol~5mL/mmol。
12.如权利要求9~11任一项所述的化合物II的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的化合物II的制备方法,包括以下步骤:在有机溶剂中,在-20℃~30℃,将所述的苄基硫醇与所述的NaH混合后,再在-78℃~-30℃,与所述的CF2Br2进行反应,得到所述的化合物II即可。
13.如权利要求12所述的化合物II的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的化合物II的制备方法,包括以下步骤:在有机溶剂中,在0~20℃,将所述的苄基硫醇与所述的NaH混合后,形成的混合物在室温保持10~60分钟,再在-78℃~-50℃,与所述的CF2Br2进行反应,得到所述的化合物II即可。
14.一种化合物V的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:在有机溶剂中,在叔丁醇碱金属化物、卤化亚铜与双齿膦配体形成的络合物的作用下,将化合物IV和所述的化合物I进行偶联反应,得到所述的化合物V即可,
其中,所述的化合物I中R1、R2和R3的定义均如权利要求1或2所述;
所述的A环为C6~C10的芳烃或C2~C12的杂芳烃;
所述的C6~C10的芳烃为单环或者双环碳环,其中至少一个环是芳香环;
所述的C2~C12的杂芳烃为单环或者多环,其中至少一个环是芳香环并且含有1-4个选自O、N、和S的杂原子;
当所述的芳烃或者杂芳烃不为单环时,化合物V中A环与溴二氟甲硫基取代基或化合物IV中A环与硼酸频哪醇酯取代基的连接,是通过其中的芳香环进行的;
R’为取代或未取代的C1~C6的烷基、取代或未取代的C1~C4的烯基、取代或未取代的C1~C4的烷氧基、取代或未取代的C1~C4的烷基羰基、取代或未取代的C1~C4的烷氧基羰基、取代或未取代的“杂原子为N、O或S,杂原子数为1-3个的C2~C5的杂环基”、取代或未取代的C6~C10的芳基、甲醛基、氰基、硝基、卤素、氨基和氧代基中的一个或多个;所述的取代为C1~C4的烷基、C1~C4的烷氧基羰基、C6的芳基和C2~C5的杂芳基中的一个或多个;
所述的n=0~(A环最大开放化合价总数-1);所述的A环最大开放化合价总数等于A环带有取代基的最大数目。
15.如权利要求14所述的化合物V的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的C6~C10的芳烃为苯、萘或联苯;
和/或,所述的C2~C12的杂芳烃为吖啶、咔唑、噌啉、喹喔啉、吡唑、吲哚、呋喃、噻吩、苯并三唑、苯并噁唑、苯并噻吩、苯并呋喃、2,2'-二苯并呋喃、苯并吡喃、喹啉、异喹啉、噁唑、异噁唑、吡嗪、哒嗪、吡啶、嘧啶、吡咯、四氢喹啉、2H-色烯、2-苯并噁唑、以及包括任何含氮杂芳基的N-氧化物;
和/或,所述的R’为甲基、环丙基、正已基、乙烯基、苯基、苄基、氟、氯、溴、碘、甲氧基、乙氧基、苄氧基、醛基、乙酰基、甲氧基羰基、叔丁氧羰基、吗啉基、N-叔丁氧羰基-N-甲基胺基、硝基、氟、氯、溴、碘、氰基或氧代基。
16.如权利要求14所述的化合物V的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的卤化亚铜为氯化亚铜、溴化亚铜或碘化亚铜中的一种或多种;
和/或,所述的双齿膦配体为1,2-双(二苯膦)乙烷、1,4-双(二苯基膦)丁烷、1,2-双(二苯基膦基)苯、(±)-2,2'-双-(二苯膦基)-1,1'-联萘和4,5-双二苯基膦-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽中的一种或多种;
和/或,所述的叔丁醇碱金属化物为叔丁醇钠和或叔丁醇钾;
和/或,所述的有机溶剂为二甲醚、二乙二醇二乙醚、二氧六环和甲苯中的一种或多种。
17.如权利要求16所述的化合物V的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的卤化亚铜与双齿膦配体形成的络合物为氯化亚铜与1,2-双(二苯膦)乙烷、1,4-双(二苯基膦)丁烷或(±)-2,2'-双-(二苯膦基)-1,1'-联萘形成的络合物,溴化亚铜与1,2-双(二苯基膦基)苯或4,5-双二苯基膦-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽形成的络合物。
18.如权利要求14~17任一项所述的化合物V的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的化合物I与所述的化合物IV的投料摩尔比为1:1~2:1;
和/或,所述的卤化亚铜与双齿膦配体形成的络合物与所述的化合物IV的投料摩尔比为1:20~1:1;
和/或,所述的叔丁醇碱金属化物与所述的化合物IV的投料摩尔百分比为1:20~1:1;
和/或,所述的有机溶剂与所述的化合物IV的体积摩尔比为0.1mL/mmol~100mL/mmol;
和/或,所述的偶联反应的温度为0℃~150℃;
和/或,所述的偶联反应在无水无氧条件下进行。
19.如权利要求18所述的化合物V的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的化合物I与所述的化合物IV的投料摩尔比为1.2:1;
和/或,所述的卤化亚铜与双齿膦配体形成的络合物与所述的化合物IV的投料摩尔比为1:20~1:5;
和/或,所述的叔丁醇碱金属化物VII与所述的化合物IV的投料摩尔比为1:5~1:2;
和/或,所述的有机溶剂与所述的化合物IV的体积摩尔比为1mL/mmol~5mL/mmol;
和/或,所述的偶联反应的温度为20℃~80℃。
20.如权利要求19所述的化合物V的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的卤化亚铜与双齿膦配体形成的络合物与所述的化合物IV的投料摩尔百分比为1:10;
和/或,所述的叔丁醇碱金属化物VII与所述的化合物IV的投料摩尔百分比为3:10;
和/或,所述的偶联反应的温度为50℃。
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