CN107006520B - Application of chicken manure biogas slurry in prevention and treatment of cotton wilt and prevention and treatment method - Google Patents

Application of chicken manure biogas slurry in prevention and treatment of cotton wilt and prevention and treatment method Download PDF

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CN107006520B
CN107006520B CN201710164820.8A CN201710164820A CN107006520B CN 107006520 B CN107006520 B CN 107006520B CN 201710164820 A CN201710164820 A CN 201710164820A CN 107006520 B CN107006520 B CN 107006520B
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chicken manure
biogas slurry
manure biogas
cotton
prevention
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CN107006520A (en
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朱荷琴
李云卿
郭庆元
冯自力
冯鸿杰
魏锋
李志芳
师勇强
赵丽红
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Xinjiang Agricultural University
Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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Xinjiang Agricultural University
Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
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Abstract

The invention relates to the field of biological control of cotton wilt, in particular to application of chicken manure biogas slurry in control of cotton wilt and a control method. The method comprises the steps of applying the chicken manure biogas slurry to cotton through drip irrigation and spraying, and determining that the chicken manure biogas slurry has an obvious prevention and treatment effect on cotton wilt. The invention provides a direction for the sustainable development of green agriculture.

Description

Application of chicken manure biogas slurry in prevention and treatment of cotton wilt and prevention and treatment method
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of biological control of cotton wilt, in particular to application of chicken manure biogas slurry in control of cotton wilt and a control method.
Background
Cotton wilt is caused by Fusarium oxysporum (Fusarium oxysporum)The disease is spread gradually after being introduced into China from 1931, reaches a peak in the 60 th of the 20 th century, is widely distributed and seriously damaged, and is destroyed and collected in severe disease years. Although the disease is effectively controlled with the planting of disease-resistant varieties, the cotton wilt tends to rise again with the planting of insect-resistant cotton. Analyzing main reasons, and difficult crop rotation caused by large-scale and centralized planting; the disease-resistant breeding period is long, the workload is large, and the resistance is easy to lose; the chemical pesticide is difficult to reach the vascular bundle part of the cotton plant to play a role, has poor effect, pollutes the environment, does not meet the requirement of green sustainable development agriculture and the like. The biological product is used for preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests, and has the characteristics of economy, environmental friendliness and the like. Along with the use of a large amount of biogas products, the use amount of biogas slurry as an organic fertilizer is gradually increased. Biogas fermentation is a complex biochemical reaction involving a wide variety of microorganisms. The biogas slurry and biogas residue generated after fermentation contain N, P, K macroelements; trace elements Fe, Zn, B, etc. and NH3、H2S, phenols, aldehydes, acids and the like, and the fermentation product is an organic fertilizer capable of improving the soil structure and the ecological system. With the great development of intensive culture, the discharge amount of biogas and biogas residues is increased, and the comprehensive utilization of biogas slurry plays an increasingly important role in biogas slurry treatment.
At present, the chicken manure biogas slurry is mainly used as an organic fertilizer for improving the quality and the yield of cotton in agricultural production, but the application of the chicken manure biogas slurry in preventing and treating cotton wilt is not reported yet.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide application of chicken manure biogas slurry in inhibition of cotton fusarium wilt.
The invention further aims to provide application of the chicken manure biogas slurry in prevention and treatment of cotton wilt.
The invention further aims to provide a method for preventing and treating cotton wilt by using the chicken manure biogas slurry.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, the invention provides the application of the chicken manure biogas slurry in cotton wilt prevention and treatment, wherein the chicken manure biogas slurry can be purchased, for example, a new strong state brand chicken manure biogas slurry is obtained by anaerobic fermentation of chicken manure, and the main components of the chicken manure biogas slurry are nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, boron, selenium, zinc, humic acid, protein, saccharides, nucleic acid, microbial metabolites and the like.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, the method for applying the chicken manure biogas slurry to the cotton seedlings comprises the following steps: drip irrigation is carried out on chicken manure biogas slurry applied at 80-560L/ha, or 10-400 times diluted chicken manure biogas slurry is sprayed.
According to a specific embodiment of the invention, a method for preventing and treating cotton wilt is provided, which comprises the step of applying chicken manure biogas slurry to cotton seedlings.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, the chicken manure biogas slurry diluent with the drip irrigation concentration of 0.25-1.75% is applied to cotton seedlings, or 10-400 times diluted chicken manure biogas slurry is sprayed on the cotton seedlings.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, the five times of chicken manure biogas slurry is dripped on the cotton seedlings, or the five times of chicken manure biogas slurry is sprayed on the cotton seedlings.
According to the specific embodiment of the present invention, the test results show that:
1. the chicken manure biogas slurry has good inhibition effect on cotton wilt germs
Adding the chicken manure biogas slurry into a PDA culture medium to prepare different concentrations. In a PDA culture medium, when the concentration of the chicken manure biogas slurry is not less than 0.5%, the inhibition effect on fusarium wilt bacteria is remarkable, and the highest inhibition rate can reach 100%.
2. The chicken manure biogas slurry has good inhibition effect on the germination of conidia of cotton fusarium wilt pathogens
Adding chicken manure biogas slurry into a Chashi culture medium to prepare different concentrations; then adding conidia of cotton fusarium wilt to make the final concentration of conidia 1X 106Each ml-1. Culturing at constant temperature of 25 ℃, and performing microscopic examination on spore germination conditions after 3 hours. The treatment of different concentrations of the chicken manure biogas slurry obviously inhibits the spore germination of cotton fusarium wilt, and the highest inhibition rate reaches 93.1 percent.
3. Prevention and treatment effect of chicken manure biogas slurry on cotton wilt
According to greenhouse pot experiment results, the chicken manure biogas slurry has a certain prevention and treatment effect on cotton wilt. The disease index of cotton wilt disease of the control group after 4 weeks of sowing is 60.6, and the lowest disease indexes of the chicken manure biogas slurry spraying and root irrigation treatment groups are 15.5 and 21.5 respectively, which shows that the two using modes of the chicken manure biogas slurry can reduce the occurrence of cotton wilt disease. Greenhouse experiments and disease nursery experiments show that the chicken manure biogas slurry has good control effect on cotton wilt. The chicken manure biogas slurry is used as an anaerobic fermentation product of chicken manure, and can not only increase soil fertility, but also biologically control cotton wilt, so that the invention has great application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the bacteriostatic effect of chicken manure biogas slurry on cotton wilt germs measured by a growth rate method, wherein A is a control; B. c, D shows the volume fractions of the chicken manure biogas slurry are 1.0%, 4.0% and 10%.
Fig. 2 is an effect diagram of preventing and treating cotton wilt by spraying chicken manure biogas slurry on leaf surfaces, wherein a: blank control; b: and (3) irrigating the roots of the chicken manure biogas slurry with the concentration of 1.75%.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the effect of controlling cotton wilt by the root irrigation treatment of chicken manure biogas slurry, wherein a: blank control; b: 10 times of chicken manure biogas slurry diluent is sprayed on the leaf surfaces.
Detailed Description
Example 1: growth rate method for detecting inhibition effect of chicken manure biogas slurry on growth of cotton wilt pathogenic bacteria hypha
According to the growth rate measuring method commonly used in the plant disease research method, the biological activity of the cotton wilt pathogenic bacteria is measured: using a puncher with the diameter of 5mm to take pathogenic bacteria which grow vigorously on the edges of bacterial colonies, placing the pathogenic bacteria on a PDA (personal digital assistant) plate treated by chicken manure biogas slurry, adding an equal amount of sterile water into a culture medium as a control, repeating each treatment for 5 times, placing the treatment at a constant temperature of 25 ℃ for culture, measuring the bacterial colony diameter of each bacterial colony by a cross method, taking the average value of the bacterial colony diameters, and calculating the growth rate of the inhibition hypha:
the rate of inhibition of hyphal growth (control colony diameter-treated colony diameter)/(control colony diameter-5) × 100%
TABLE 1 inhibition of the growth of the hyphae of pathogenic bacteria of cotton wilt by chicken manure biogas slurry
Figure BDA0001249486520000031
Table 1 shows that the chicken manure biogas slurry has an inhibition effect on the growth of cotton wilt pathogen hyphae, and the highest inhibition rate can reach 100%. FIG. 1 is a diagram of the bacteriostatic effect of chicken manure biogas slurry on cotton wilt bacteria determined by a growth rate method, and the implementation result shows that: the chicken manure biogas slurry has a good inhibition effect on the growth of cotton wilt pathogenic bacteria hypha, and the inhibition rate is in an increasing trend along with the increase of the concentration of the chicken manure biogas slurry; when the concentration of the chicken manure biogas slurry is not less than 0.50%, the remarkable level is reached, and when the concentration of the chicken manure biogas slurry reaches 10.00%, the bacteriostasis rate reaches 100%.
Example 2 detection of inhibitory Effect of Chicken manure biogas slurry on conidium germination of cotton wilt pathogenic bacteria by concave glass method
Double filtering and diluting the conidium suspension of cotton wilt pathogen with sterilized gauze to obtain the final product with concentration of 1 × 106Each ml-1And conidium suspension is ready for use. A certain amount of chicken manure biogas slurry and 200 microliters of spore suspension are contained to 1.5ml by Czapek liquid culture medium, and are fully and uniformly mixed to ensure that the concentrations of the chicken manure biogas slurry are respectively 0.25%, 0.500%, 1.00%, 2.00%, 3.00%, 4.00%, 5.00%, 7.00% and 10.00%, and each concentration is repeated for three times. And (3) sucking 20 microliters of the mixed solution into a groove of a concave slide, placing the concave slide into a culture dish with moisturizing gauze, culturing at a constant temperature of 25 ℃, performing microscopic examination on spore germination conditions after 3 hours, repeating the treatments for 3 times and repeating the treatments for 5 fields, calculating the spore germination rate, and calculating the inhibition rate by using a Czapek liquid culture medium as a control.
TABLE 2 inhibition of conidium germination of cotton wilt pathogen by chicken manure biogas slurry
Figure BDA0001249486520000041
Table 2 shows that the influence of the chicken manure biogas slurry on the germination of conidia of pathogenic bacteria of cotton wilt is realized, the chicken manure biogas slurry with different concentrations can inhibit the spore germination, the effect is obvious, the inhibition effect is increased along with the increase of the concentration of the chicken manure biogas slurry, and the highest inhibition rate is 93.1%.
Example 3 prevention and treatment effects of Chicken manure biogas slurry on Cotton wilt
Mixing corn grit culture of cotton wilt pathogen with sterile sandy loam in 0.6 wt% and packing in paper pot with diameter of 6cm and height of 10 cm; soaking 11 seeds of Ji cotton in warm water at 55-60 ℃ for 12h, uniformly sowing 8 seeds in each pot, and covering sterilized sandy soil with the thickness of about 2 cm. 5 seedlings are left after seedling emergence, and the seedlings are treated for 24 pots, and are randomly arranged for 4 times in each 6 pots. The root irrigation treatment and the leaf surface spraying treatment of the chicken manure biogas slurry are separately placed. Wherein 7 different concentrations are set in the root irrigation test (see table 3), the root irrigation treatment is carried out immediately after sowing, 15.0ml of chicken manure biogas slurry diluent is used for root irrigation in each pot, the root irrigation is carried out once every 4 days for 5 times, the contrast is corresponding clear water treatment, and the management is carried out normally at other times; the leaf surface spraying is set with 6 different concentrations (see table 4), the leaf surface spraying is carried out after cotyledon unfolding, 4.0ml of chicken manure biogas slurry diluent is sprayed in each pot, the spraying is carried out once every 4 days for 5 times, the comparison is corresponding clear water treatment, and the management is carried out normally at other times. Controlling the temperature of the greenhouse at 22-28 ℃, carrying out grading investigation on diseases according to 5-grade grading standard, and calculating the disease rate, disease index and prevention and treatment effect.
Disease index [ sigma (number of diseased plants at each stage × corresponding disease stage)/(number of total investigated plants × 4) ] × 100
Figure BDA0001249486520000042
TABLE 3 inhibition of cotton wilt by root irrigation of chicken manure and biogas slurry under greenhouse environment
Figure BDA0001249486520000051
Table 3 shows the inhibitory effect of the chicken manure biogas slurry root irrigation on cotton wilt bacteria under the greenhouse environment condition, and as shown in table 3, the results show that the chicken manure biogas slurry root irrigation has a significant control effect on cotton wilt diseases under the greenhouse environment condition, the 1.75% chicken manure biogas slurry root irrigation is performed 5 times, and the control effect on cotton wilt diseases reaches 64.5% (fig. 2).
TABLE 4 inhibitory Effect of spraying chicken manure biogas slurry on cotton wilt pathogen under greenhouse environmental conditions
Figure BDA0001249486520000052
Table 4 shows the inhibition effect of spraying the chicken manure biogas slurry on cotton wilt germs under the greenhouse condition, and as shown in table 4, the result shows that spraying the chicken manure biogas slurry has good control effect on cotton wilt germs under the greenhouse condition, and when the dilution factor is 50 times, the control effect on the cotton wilt germs reaches 51.1%; when the chicken manure biogas slurry is diluted by 10 times, the prevention and treatment effect on cotton wilt reaches 68.8 percent (figure 3).

Claims (2)

1. The chicken manure biogas slurry is used for inhibiting the hypha growth and spore germination of cotton fusarium wilt.
2. The use of claim 1, wherein the chicken manure biogas slurry is prepared by performing mesophilic anaerobic fermentation on chicken manure in a fermentation tank.
CN201710164820.8A 2017-03-20 2017-03-20 Application of chicken manure biogas slurry in prevention and treatment of cotton wilt and prevention and treatment method Expired - Fee Related CN107006520B (en)

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CN103734194A (en) * 2014-01-03 2014-04-23 灵川县金田农资经营部 Biogas liquid compounded fungicide for preventing and treating blight
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CN105439700A (en) * 2015-11-30 2016-03-30 安陆市安源生态农业开发有限公司 Preparation method of biogas slurry containing biological pesticide
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