CN107004912A - Electrolyte and metal hydride battery - Google Patents

Electrolyte and metal hydride battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107004912A
CN107004912A CN201580061501.3A CN201580061501A CN107004912A CN 107004912 A CN107004912 A CN 107004912A CN 201580061501 A CN201580061501 A CN 201580061501A CN 107004912 A CN107004912 A CN 107004912A
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ammonium
methylimidazoles
ethyl
methyl
acid
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CN107004912B (en
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K·扬
J·内伊
D·翁
W·李
L·王
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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Priority claimed from US14/540,461 external-priority patent/US20160141724A1/en
Priority claimed from US14/540,537 external-priority patent/US10243240B2/en
Priority claimed from US14/540,521 external-priority patent/US20160141725A1/en
Priority claimed from US14/540,445 external-priority patent/US20160141727A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/24—Alkaline accumulators
    • H01M10/26—Selection of materials as electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/34—Gastight accumulators
    • H01M10/345—Gastight metal hydride accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
    • H01M4/383—Hydrogen absorbing alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0014—Alkaline electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
    • H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
    • H01M2300/0028—Organic electrolyte characterised by the solvent
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of metal hydride battery, it includes electrolyte composition, and the electrolyte composition, which is included, is selected from Bronsted acid, proton ammonium compounds, proton-oxygenCompound, non-proton ammonium compounds, non-proton oxygenIt is compound, non-proton

Description

Electrolyte and metal hydride battery
The present invention relates to the metal hydride comprising some electrolyte compositions (MH) battery.
By optimizing electrode, the chemical property and cycle life for optimizing metal hydride battery have made great progress. The electrolyte of metal hydride battery is the 30 weight %KOH aqueous solution at present.KOH aqueous solution electrolysises verify some electrode materials tool It is corrosive.Aqueous electrolyte is also limited by the hydrogen of water and the deposition potential of oxygen.The present invention focuses on improved electrolyte.
Summary of the invention
A kind of metal hydride battery (battery) is disclosed, it includes at least one negative pole, at least one positive pole, with position In the housing and electrolyte composition of the electrode therein, wherein
Electrolyte composition is selected from Bronsted acid, proton ammonium compounds, proton-oxygen comprising one or moreIt is compound, non- Proton ammonium compounds, non-proton oxygenIt is compound, non-protonThe ion combination of compound and alkali metal or alkali salt Thing.
A kind of metal hydride battery is also disclosed, it is comprising at least one negative pole, at least one positive pole, with positioned at it In the electrode housing and electrolyte composition, wherein
Electrolyte composition includes one or more ionizations selected from alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide and alkoxide Compound and organic solvent.
A kind of metal hydride battery is also disclosed, it includes at least one negative pole, at least one positive pole, with positioned at it In the electrode housing and electrolyte composition, wherein
Electrolyte composition includes one or more ionic compounds selected from alkali metal hydroxide, water and selected from organic One or more other components of solvent, other ionic compounds and additive.
A kind of metal hydride battery is also disclosed, it includes at least one negative pole, at least one positive pole, with positioned at it In the electrode housing and electrolyte composition, wherein
Electrolyte composition includes one or more ionic compounds selected from carboxylate compounds and carboxylic acid.
A kind of metal hydride battery is also disclosed, it includes at least one negative pole, at least one positive pole, with positioned at it In the electrode housing and electrolyte composition, wherein
Battery shows about 1.5 to about 5.0V nominal open circuit voltage.
The invention further relates to a kind of metal hydride battery, it includes at least one negative pole, at least one positive pole, with position In the housing and electrolyte composition of the electrode therein, wherein the electrolyte composition has less than or equal to about 7 PH value.
The invention further relates to a kind of metal hydride battery, it includes at least one negative pole, at least one positive pole, with position In the housing and electrolyte composition of the electrode therein, wherein on battery apply current potential when anode at half-cell fill/ Electrochemical reacts：
Disclose in detail
Electrolyte composition can be used in metal hydride battery (metal hydride battery).Metal hydride battery is included At least one negative pole, at least one positive pole, the housing with the electrode being located therein and the electrolyte group with electrode contact Compound.
The active material of negative pole (anode material) includes that the AB of hydrogen can be storedxType alloy, wherein x are about 0.5 to about 5.A To form the element of hydride, B is weak or non-hydride formation element.The alloy being capable of reversibly absorption and desorption hydrogen.
ABxType alloy is for example following type (simple example)：AB (HfNi, TiFe, TiNi), AB2(Mn2Zr, TiFe2), A2B(Hf2Fe, Mg2Ni), AB3(NdCo3, GdFe3), A2B7(Pr2, Ni7, Ce2Co7) and AB5(LaNi5, CeNi5)。
For example, active material of positive electrode includes Zr, Mn, V, Fe and Ni；Zr, Mn, V, Co and Ni；Ti, V and Ni；La and Ni； Ti, Zr, Ni, Cr and one or more elements being selected from Al, Si, V, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Nb, Ag and Pd；Zr, Mo and Ni；Or Lanthanide series metal and at least one metal selected from Ni and Co.
Anode material can include unordered multi-component material, and it is selected from V, Zr, Nb, La, Si, Ca comprising one or more, Sc, Mg, Ti and Y main element and one or more modifications for being selected from Cu, Mn, C, Fe, Ni, Al, Co, Mo, W, Ti, Li and Re Agent element.Main element is usually hydride precursor.For example, main element is Ti, the one or more in Mg and V, modifying agent Including Ni, Cu, the one or more in Fe and Al.This disordered material is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,623,597.
Anode material can include multicomponent heterogeneous alloy, its comprising V, Ti, Zr and Ni or V, Ti, Zr, Ni and Cr and One or more are selected from Al, Mn, Mo, Cu, W, Fe and Co modifying element.This heterogeneous material in U.S. Patent No. 5,096, There is teaching in No. 667.
Anode material can include disordered material, and it includes (matrix alloy)aCobMncFedSne, wherein matrix alloy includes The Ti of 0.1 to 60 atomic percentage (atom %), 0.1 to 40 atom % Zr, 0 to 60 atom % V, 0.1 to 57 atom % Ni, and 0 to 56 atom % Cr；B is that 0 to 7.5 atom %, c is that 13 to 17 atom %, d are that 0 to 3.5 atom %, e is 0 It is equal to 100 atom % to 1.5 atom %, wherein a, b, c, d and e.This alloy is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,536,591 In.
Active material of positive electrode is such as LaNi5Type alloy, modified LaNi5Type alloy, TiNi types alloy or modified TiNi types are closed Gold.For example, active material of positive electrode includes one or more elements selected from Ti, V and Zr, and selected from Ni, Cr, Co, Mn, Mo, Nb, Fe, Al, Mg, Cu, Sn, Ag, Zn and Pd one or more elements；Or active material of positive electrode includes and is selected from Sc, Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm and Mm one or more elements, and selected from Ni, Cr, Co, Mn, Fe, Cu, Sn, Al, Si, B, Mo, V, Nb, Ta, Zn, Zr, Ti, Hf and W one or more elements.Such alloy can also include one or more and be selected from Al, B, C, Si, P, The element of S, Bi, In and Sb formation glass.This material advantageously has more than 1.2E23/cc or more than 1.5E23/cc Hydrogen storage bit density unordered multi-component material.This material is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,840,440.
Anode material can include modified Ti-V-Zr-Ni-Mn-Cr alloys, and it includes (matrix alloy)aCobFecAldSne, wherein matrix alloy includes 0.1 to 60 atom % Ti, 0.1 to 40 atom % Zr, 0 to 60 atom %'s V, 0.1 to 57 atom % Ni, 5 to 22 atom the % atoms of Mn and 0 to 56 % Cr, b are 0.1 to 10 atom %, c be 0 to 3.5 atom %, d are that 0.1 to 10 atom %, e is 0.1 to 3 atom %.Suitable material is in U.S. Patent No. 6,270,719 In have teaching.
Suitable anode material can include AB2Type alloy, such as modified TiMn2Alloy, it includes 2 to 5 atom %'s Zr, 26 to 33 atom % Ti, 7 to 13 atom % V, 8 to 20 atom % Cr, 36 to 42 atom % Mn and 1 to 6 original One or more in sub- % Ni, 2 to 6 atom the % atoms of Fe and 0.1 to 2 % Al.It is former that alloy may also contain up to 1 Sub- % Mm.Such as Zr3.63Ti29.8V8.82Cr9.85Mn39.5Ni2.0Fe5.0Al1.0Mm0.4； Zr3.6Ti29.0V8.9Cr10.1Mn40.1Ni2.0Fe5.1Al1.2；Zr3.6Ti28.3V8.8Cr10.0Mn40.7Ni1.9Fe5.1Al1.6With Zr1Ti33V12.54Cr15Mn36Fe2.25Al0.21.This alloy is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,536,487.
Suitable anode material can include alloy, wherein A5B19Type structure is 40 atom % or more formula LaaR1-a- bMgbNic-d-eAlloy, wherein 0≤a≤0.5 atom %, 0.1≤b≤0.2 atom %, 3.7≤c≤3.9 atom %, 0.1≤ D≤0.3,0≤d≤0.2.These alloys have teaching in United States Patent (USP) No.7,829,220.
Anode material can include the hydrogen adsorbing alloy particle comprising at least Ni and rare earth.Particle can have superficial layer and interior The nickel content in portion, wherein superficial layer is more than inside, and there is the nickel particle that size is 10nm to 50nm in superficial layer.The material Alloy Ln can be included1-xMgxNia-b-cAlbZc, wherein Ln is one or more rare earth elements, and Z is Zr, V, Bn, Ta, Cr, Mo, One or more in Mn, Fe, Co, Ga, Zn, Sn, In, Cu, Si, P and B, the atom % of 0.05≤x≤0.3,2.8≤a≤3.9 The atom % of atom %, 0.05≤b≤0.25,0.01≤c≤0.25.These materials are for example in United States Patent (USP) No.8,053,114 There is teaching.
Anode material can include having comprising at least A2B7Type structure and A5B19The crystalline texture and tool of the multiphase of type structure There is the superficial layer of the nickel content more than body.Alloy can be formula Ln1-xMgxNiy-a-bAlaMb, wherein Ln is one or more bags Y rare earth is included, M is the one or more in Co, Mn and Zn, wherein 0.1≤x≤0.2 atom %, 3.5≤y≤3.9 atom %, The atom % of 0.1≤a≤0.3,0≤b≤0.2.This material is disclosed in United States Patent (USP) No.8,124,281.
Anode material can include formula Ln1-xMgx(Ni1-yTy)zHydrogen bearing alloy, wherein Ln be lanthanide series, Ca, Sr, One or more in Sc, Y, Ti, Zr and Hf, T is selected from V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, Al, Ga to be one or more, Zn, Sn, In, Cu, Si, P and B element, wherein 0<The atom % of x≤1 atom %, 0≤y≤0.5 atom %, 2.5≤z≤4.5. Suitable alloy has teaching in United States Patent (USP) No.8,257,862.
Anode material can include La, Nd, Mg, Ni and Al；La, Nd, Mg, Ni, Al and Co；La, Pr, Nd, Mg, Ni and Al Or La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Ni, Al, Co and Mn, such as United States Patent (USP) No.8, taught in 409,753.By the way that each element is mixed, Heating fusing and cooling prepare alloy to form spindle under argon gas in Efco-Northrup furnace.
Anode material can include including AB2The heterogeneous alloy of type principal phase and the second phase.Material is modified with modifier element. For example, alloy includes Ti, Zr, B, Ni and modifying agent.Modifying agent can be lightweight rare earth such as Y.The alloy can be formula TiAZrB- XYXVCNiDME, wherein A, B, C and D be each greater than 0 and be more than 0 and less than or equal to 4 atom % less than or equal to 50 atom %, X, M is one or more metals in Co, Cr, Sn, Al and Mn, and E is 0 to 30 atom %.These materials are in U.S. Publication There is teaching in No.2013/0277607.
Anode material can include modified A2B7Type hydrogen storage alloy.Such as AxByAlloy, wherein A include at least one dilute Earth elements and also include Mg；The B at least atomic ratios including Ni, X and Y are 1:2 to 1:5, such as 1:3 to 1:4.The alloy can be with By one or more element modified in B, Co, Cu, Fe, Cr and Mn.The atomic ratio of Ni and modifying agent can be 50:1 to 200:1.Rare earth includes La, Ce, Nd, Pr and Mm.Rare earth and Mg atomic ratio can be 5:1 to 6:1.B element can also include Al, wherein Ni and Al atomic ratio can be 30:1 to 40:1.The surface of alloy can include being supported on porous oxide carrier Catalytic metal region in matrix.Catalytic metal region can be Ni or Ni alloys.
Anode material can be ABx high capacity hydrogen storage alloys, and wherein x is about 0.5 to about 5, its discharge capacity >=400mAh/ G, >=425mAh/g, >=450mAh/g or >=475mAh/G.
Anode material is, for example, the high power capacity MH alloys containing magnesium (Mg), for example, include Mg and Ni AB, AB2Or A2Type B is closed Gold.For example, current anode material is MgNi, MgNi2Or Mg2Ni.This alloy containing Mg and Ni can be by selected from rare earth member The one or more member of element and transition metal is usually modified.For example, the anode material comprising Mg and Ni can be by a kind of or many Plant and be selected from Co, Mn, Al, Fe, Cu, Mo, W, Cr, V, Ti, Zr, Sn, Th, Si, Zn, Li, Cd, Na, Pb, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Mm, Pd, Pt, Nb, Sc and Ca one or more member are usually modified.
For example, suitable anode material includes Mg and Ni and optional one or more are selected from Co, Mn, Al, Fe, Cu, Mo, W, Cr, V, Ti, Zr, Sn, Th, Si, Zn, Li, Cd, Na, Pb, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Mm, Pd, Pt, Nb, Sc and Ca element.
Mm is " mischmetal ".Mischmetal is the mixture of rare earth element.For example, Mm is to include La, Nd and Pr Mixture, such as comprising Ce, La, Nd and Pr.
MH alloys containing magnesium are particularly easy to corrosion in 30 weight % (wt%) KOH electrolyte.
For example, suitable MH alloys include MgNi, Mg0.8Ti0.2Ni, Mg0.7Ti0.3Ni, Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni, Mg0.8Zr0.2Ni, Mg0.7Ti0.225La0.075Ni, Mg0.8Al0.2Ni, Mg0.9Ti0.1Ni, Mg0.9Ti0.1NiAl0.05, Mg0.08Pd0.2Ni, Mg0.09Ti0.1NiAl0.05, Mg0.09Ti0.1NiAl0.05Pd0.1, Mg50Ni45Pd5, Mg0.85Ti0.15Ni1.0, Mg0.95Ti0.15Ni0.9, Mg2Ni, Mg2.0Ni0.6Co0.4, Mg2Ni0.6Mn0.4, Mg2Ni0.7Cu0.3, Mg0.8La0.2Ni, Mg2.0Co0.1Ni, Mg2.1Cr0.1Ni, Mg2.0Nb0.1Ni, Mg2.0Ti0.1Ni, Mg2.0V0.1Ni, Mg1.3Al0.7Ni, Mg1.5Ti0.5Ni, Mg1.5Ti0.3Zr0.1Al0.1Ni, Mg1.75Al0.25Ni and (MgAl)2Ni, Mg1.70Al0.3Ni。
For example, the atomic ratio that the anode material of the present invention is Mg and Ni is about 1:2 to about 2:1 alloy, it can pass through One or more are selected from Co, Mn, Al, Fe, Cu, Mo, W, Cr, V, Ti, Zr, Sn, Th, Si, Zn, Li, Cd, Na, Pb, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Mm, Pd, Pt, Nb, Sc and Ca's is element modified.One or more modifying elements can using based on total alloy as about 0.1 To about 30 atom % or about 0.25 to about 15 atom % or about 0.5 atom %, about 1 atom %, about 2 atom %, about 3 atom %, About 4 atom % or about 5 atom % to about 15 atom % are present.Mg and Ni atomic ratio is, for example, about 1:1.
Suitable anode material can be about 1 comprising atomic ratio:2 to about 2:1 Mg and Ni, and also comprising Co and/or Mn.Suitable anode material is such as Mg52Ni39Co6Mn3And Mg52Ni39Co3Mn6。
Suitable high-capacity anode material is e.g., as disclosed in United States Patent (USP) No.5,616,432 and No. 5,506,069.
Alloy can be formed by melt spinning rapid curing and/or mechanical alloying.Other methods are sputtered including RF, are swashed Light ablation.
The active material of positive pole (cathode material) participates in discharge and recharge reaction.Active material is such as nickel hydroxide active material Material, i.e. nickel hydroxide or modified nickel hydroxide.
Cathode material can include the unordered nickel hydroxide material of multiphase with least one modifying agent.At least one Modifying agent is such as metal, metal oxide, metal oxide alloy, metal hydride and/or metal hydride alloy.Example Such as, modifying agent is selected from Al, Ba, Ca, F, K, Li, Mg, Na, Sr, Bi, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, In, LaH3, Mn, Ru, Sb, Sn, TiH2, TiO and Zn one or more elements.These materials have teaching in U.S. Patent No. 5,348,822.
Suitable cathode material can include unordered multi-phase nickel hydroxide matrix, and it includes at least one modifying agent, example Such as it is selected from F, Li, Na, K, Mg, Ba, Ln, Se, Nd, Pr, Y, Co, Zn, Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sc, Sn, Sb, Te, Bi, Ru With Pb 3 kinds of modifying agent.Suitable cathode material for example has teaching in U.S. Patent No. 5,637,423.
Cathode material can include the Co with one or more nickel hydroxide family element modified II and solid solution state.These materials Material has teaching in U.S. Patent No. 5,366,831.
Active material of cathode may include nickel hydroxide and one kind or many selected from cobalt, cobalt hydroxide and cobalt oxide and carbon dust Plant component.Cathode material can also include Ca, Sr, Ba, Cu, Ag or Y compound, such as Ca (OH)2, CaO, CaF2, CaS, CaSO4, CaSi2O5, CaC2O4, CaWO4, SrCO3, Sr (OH)2, BaO, Cu2O, Ag2O, Y2(CO3)3Or Y2O3.Suitable negative electrode material Material for example has teaching in U.S. Patent No. 5,451,475.
Active material of cathode may include one kind in metal oxide and Co, Ca, Ag, Mn, Zn, V, Sb, Cd, Y, Sr, Ba Or a variety of and Ca, Sr, Ba, Sb, Y or Zn oxide.Metal oxide is, for example, nickel oxide and/or manganese oxide.Such work Property material has teaching in United States Patent (USP) No. the 5,455,125th.
Cathode material can include nickel hydroxide and the other component selected from Y, In, Sb, Ba and Be and Co and/or Ca. This material is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 5,466,543.
Cathode material can be prepared by reacting nickel sulfate and ammonium hydroxide with forming nickel ammonium complex compound；Then this is made Complex compound reacts to form nickel hydroxide with sodium hydroxide.This method can be provided comprising Co, one or more in Zn and Cd Nickel hydroxide.These materials have teaching in U.S. Patent No. 5,498,403.
Active material of cathode can include nickel hydroxide and hydroxyl cobalt oxide, and such as U.S. Patent No. 5 is taught in 489, No. 314 Lead.
Cathode material can include nickel hydroxide, cobalt black and element zinc, such as U.S. Patent No. 5, institute in 506, No. 070 Teaching.
Cathode material can be included in nickel hydroxide, nickel powder, the second powder and cobalt, cobalt hydroxide and cobalt oxide at least It is a kind of.Second powder includes the one or more in Ca, Sr, Ba, Cu, Ag and Y.These materials in U.S. Patent No. 5,571, There is teaching in No. 636.
Active material of cathode can include nickel hydroxide or hydrogen-oxygen with the conductive material being at least partly embedded therein Change the particle of manganese.Conductive material can be such as nickel, nickel alloy, copper, copper alloy；Metal oxide, nitride, carbide, silicon Compound or boride；Or carbon (graphite).These materials are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,177,213.
Cathode material can include nickel hydroxide particle, and it, which is included, is selected from Al, Bi, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, In, La, dilute At least three kinds modifying agent in earth elements, Mg, Mn, Ru, Sb, Sn, Ti, Ba, Si, Sr and Zn.For example, nickel hydroxide particle can be with Include at least four modifying agent, such as Ca, Co, Mg and Zn.This material is disclosed in United States Patent (USP) No.6,228,535.
Active cathode material is for example including nickel hydroxide and carbon material such as graphite.Active material can also be viscous comprising polymer Mixture.Polymer adhesive is such as thermoplastic organic polymer, is selected from polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), PEO, polycyclic Ethylene Oxide, polybutylene oxide, methylcellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl first Base cellulose, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyisobutene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, Kynoar, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) (PTFE), PEP (FEP), perfluoro alkoxy (PFA), polyvinyl acetate, polyethylene isobutene ether, polypropylene Nitrile, polymethacrylonitrile, polymethyl methacrylate, polymethacrylates, polyethyl methacrylate, allyl acetate, Polystyrene, polybutadiene, polyisoprene, polyformaldehyde, polyoxyethylene, polycyclic thioether, dimethyl silicone polymer, polyester is as gathered Ethylene glycol terephthalate, makrolon and polyamide.Above-mentioned blend and copolymer is also suitable.It is polymer-bonded Agent can also be elastomer or rubber, such as SB, s-B-S block copolymerization Thing, styrene-isoprene block copolymer, SIS, styrene-ethylene-benzene Ethylene-butadiene block copolymer, styrene ethylene butadiene-styrene block copolymer or styrene-acrylonitrile-fourth two Alkene-methyl acrylate copolymer.Suitable active material for example has teaching in United States Patent (USP) No.6,617,072.
Active material of cathode can include nickel hydroxide and hydroxyl nickel oxide, and such as U.S. Patent No. 7 is taught in 396, No. 379 Lead.
Generally, the formation of active material of cathode particle is in sintering or (pasted) electrode of pulp.The electrode of pulp can be with By the way that material is mixed with various additives and/or adhesive and applies the slurry in conductive carrier and is made.Preferably, One or more cobalt additives are added in the electrode of pulp.Cobalt additive can include Co and/or CoO to strengthen conduction Property, increases operation rate and reduces the resistance of positive pole.
Generally, active material of cathode is nickel hydroxide or modified nickel hydroxide.Modified nickel hydroxide can comprising a kind of or A variety of modifying agent, such as Co, Cd, Ag, V, Sb, Ca, Mg, Al, Bi, Cr, Cu, Fe, In, rare earth element, Mn, Ru, Sn, Ti, Ba, Si, Sr or Zn.Suitable modified nickel hydroxide is (Ni, Co, Zn) (OH)2, such as in the form of spherical powder.In modified hydrogen In nickel oxide, nickel is generally so that based on metal, as >=80 atom %, such as >=90 atom % level is present.
For example, MH battery bags contain at least one negative pole, it includes reversibly storing the AB of hydrogenxType alloy, and wrap The positive pole comprising nickel hydroxide or modified nickel hydroxide active material containing at least one.
There may be partition, it separates negative pole with positive pole.Partition is the nonwoven web of such as naturally occurring or synthetic fiber.My god Right fiber includes cotton.Synthetic fibers include polyamide, polyester, polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), PP/PE copolymers, poly- four PVF (PTFE), polyvinyl chloride and glass.
Ionic compound can be selected from Bronsted acid (Bronsted acid) and proton ammonium compounds or oxygenCompound Proton compound.Bronsted acid is for example with the pKa less than or equal to about 5.
Ionic compound can be selected from ammonium compounds, oxygenCompound,Compound and alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal The aprotic compound of compound.
Ionic compound includes cation and anion.
Alkali metal or alkaline earth metal cation include Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+, Be++, Mg++, Ca++, Sr++And Ba++。
Ammonium ion is formula+NR1R2R3R4Cation, wherein R1, R2, R3And R4Selected from hydrogen and alkyl, or R1-R4In two Individual is alkylene or R together1-R4In three together be alkylene.Work as R1-R4One or more of when being hydrogen, ammonium ion is Proton.As all four R1-R4When being alkyl or alkylene, ammonium ion is non-proton.
Ammonium ion also includes formula R1R2N-+NR3R4R5'sCation, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4And R5Selected from hydrogen and alkyl Or R1And R2Together and/or R3-R5In two together be alkylene.
Ammonium ion also includes formula HO-N+R1R2R3Hydroxylammonium cation, wherein R1, R2And R3Selected from hydrogen and alkyl, or R1- R3In two be alkylene together.
OxygenIon is formula+OR1R2R3Positively charged group, wherein R1, R2And R3Selected from hydrogen and alkyl, or R1- R3In two be alkylene together.Work as R1-R3One or more of when being hydrogen, oxygenIt is proton.As all three R1- R3When being alkyl or alkylene, the oxygenIt is non-proton.
Ion is formula+PR1R2R3R4Positively charged group, wherein R1, R2, R3And R4It is alkyl, or R1-R4In Two are alkylene.
Alkyl is to utilize carbon atom and cationic nitrogen, any alkyl that oxygen or phosphorus are combined.Alkylene is circularizing for alkyl Formula.
Alkyl is such as alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl group, aryl or aralkyl, and it can be selected from halogen, hydroxyl, C1-C4Alkoxy, thio, C1-C4Alkylthio group, amino, C1-C4Alkyl amino, two-C1-C4Alkyl amino, nitro, cyano group ,-COOH With-COO- one or more substituent groups.Alkyl can also be selected from-O- ,-S- ,-NH- and-N (C1-C4Alkyl)-one Or multiple groups are interrupted.Alkyl can be interrupted by one or more substituent groups and by one or more groups.Example Such as alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl group, aryl or aralkyl can be selected from chlorine, hydroxyl, methoxyl group, ethyoxyl, propoxyl group, Butoxy, thio, methyl mercapto, methylamino, ethylamino, propylcarbamic, butylamino, dimethylamino, diethylamino, 1-3 substituent group of dipropylamino, dibutylamino ,-COOH ,-COO-, cyano group and nitro, and/or can be selected from- O- ,-S- ,-NH- and-N (C1-C4Alkyl) -1-3 group interrupt.
Alkyl also includes polyethylene glycol and polypropylene glycol, such as R'(OC2H4)n- or R'(OC3H6)n-, wherein R' be hydrogen or Alkyl, n is 1 to 50 integer, such as 1 to 40,1 to 30 or 1 to 20, such as 1 to 10.
Work as R1-R5In two or three when being alkylene together, it means that they and N, O or P atoms form miscellaneous together Ring.The ring is, for example, 5- or 6- yuan of rings.Heterocycle can include other hetero atom, and can be saturation or undersaturated.It is sub- Alkyl is such as-(CH2)4- ,-(CH2)5- ,-(CH3) N-CH=C (CH3)-CH=,=CH-CH=CH-CH=CH- ,=C (CH3)-C=CH-CH=CH- ,=C-C (CH3)=CH-CH=CH- ,=C-CH=C (CH3)-CH=CH- ,-CH=CH-CH= CH- ,-CH2=CH-CH2-CH2- ,-CH=CH-N=CH- ,-CH2CH2NHCH2CH2- ,-CH2-CH2- N=CH- ,-CH2-CH2-O- CH2-CH2- or=CH- (CH2)3-.Other hetero atom is such as N, O or S.
The example of ammonium ion ring is piperidinesPyrrolin2,4- dimethyl pyrazolesPyrrolin (pyrrolininium), pyrrolidinesPyridineMorpholineAnd picolinePyridineIt is wherein R1-R4In three The individual example for forming ring together.Alkylene ring can also be ring-type to form such as quinolineOr isoquinolin
Alkyl has such as 1 to 25 carbon atom, is branched or non-branching, including methyl, ethyl, propyl group, isopropyl, Normal-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl group, the tert-butyl group, 2- ethyl-butyls, n-pentyl, isopentyl, 1- methyl amyls, 1,3- dimethyl butyrate Base, n-hexyl, 1- methylhexyls, n-heptyl, different heptyl, 1,1,3,3- tetramethyl butyl, 1- methylheptyls, 3- methylheptyls, N-octyl, 2- ethylhexyls, 1,1,3- trimethyl, 1,1,3,3 ,-tetramethyl amyl group, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, 1- Methylundecyl, dodecyl, 1,1,3,3,5,5- hexamethyl hexyl, tridecyl, myristyl, pentadecyl, 16 Alkyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, eicosyl and docosyl.
Alkenyl is the unsaturated form of alkyl, such as pi-allyl.
Cycloalkyl includes cyclopenta, methylcyclopentyl, dimethylcyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, methylcyclohexyl, dimethyleyelohexane Base, trimethylcyclohexyl, tert-butylcyclohexyl, suberyl or cyclooctyl.
Cycloalkenyl group is the unsaturated form of cycloalkyl.
Aryl includes phenyl, o-, m- or p-methylphenyl, 2,3- 3,5-dimethylphenyls, 2,4- 3,5-dimethylphenyls, 2,5- bis- Aminomethyl phenyl, 2,6- 3,5-dimethylphenyls, 3,4- 3,5-dimethylphenyls, 3,5- 3,5-dimethylphenyls, 2 methyl -6- ethylphenyls, the tertiary fourths of 4- Base phenyl, 2- ethylphenyls or 2,6- diethyl phenyl.
Aralkyl includes benzyl, α-methylbenzyl, alpha, alpha-dimethylbenzyl and 2- phenylethyls.
The example of proton ammonium ion includes NH4 +(ammonium), ammonium methyl, ethyl ammonium, Dimethyl Ammonium, diethyl ammonium, trimethyl ammonium (NMe3H+), triethyl ammonium, tributyl ammonium, diethylmethyl ammonium, hydroxyethyl ammonium, methoxy ammonium, dibutyl ammonium, methyl fourth Base ammonium, puratized agricultural spray, pyridine2- picolinesImidazoles1- methylimidazolesDMIZ 1,2 dimethylimidazoleImidazoline1- ethyl imidazol(e)s1- (4- sulphur butyls) -3- methylimidazoles1- allyl imidazolesQuinolineIsoquinolin PyrrolinPyrrolinAnd pyrrolidines (pyrrolininium)
The example of non-proton ammonium ion includes tetramethyl-ammonium, tetraethyl ammonium, tetra-n-butyl ammonium, normal-butyl-triethyl ammonium, benzyl Base-trimethyl ammonium, three normal-butyl ammonium methyls, benzyl-triethylammonium ammonium, 1- picolines1- butyl -3,5- lutidines1,2,4- trimethylpyrazolsTrimethyl hydroxyethylammonium ammonium (choline), three (ethoxy) ammonium methyls, (the polyoxy second of dimethyl-two Alkene) ammonium, 1,2,3- tri-methylimidazolium1- butyl -3- methylimidazoles1- ethyl -2,3- methylimidazoles1- allyls Base -3- methylimidazoles1- ethoxy -3- methylimidazoles1,3- methylimidazoles1- ethyl -1- methyl piperidines 4- ethyl -4- methyl morpholines1- (cyanogen methyl) -3- methylimidazoles1- (3- cyanogen propyl group) pyridineDouble (the cyanogen first of 1,3- Base) imidazolesWith 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazoles
PyrrolesIt is Hygron, pyrrolin is the ammonium of pyrrolin, pyrrolidinesIt is the ammonium of pyrrolidines.Pyrrolin can be 1-, 2- or 3- pyrrolin, therefore including 1-, the ammonium cation of 2- or 3- pyrrolins.
The example of ion is(H2NNH3 +)。
The example of hydroxyl ammonium ion is hydroxyl ammonium (HO-NH3 +)。
Proton-oxygenThe example of ion includes H3O+(hydronium(ion)), H+O(Et)2, H2EtO+, H2MeO+, H+O(Me)2, proton The THF of the change and 2- methyl-THF of protonation.
Non-proton oxygenThe example of ion includes+O(Me)3,+O(Et)3With methylate or ethylization THF or 2- methyl- THF。
Me is methyl, and Et is ethyl, and nBu is normal-butyl, and tBu (or t- butyl) is the tert-butyl group, and THF is tetrahydrofuran.Not yet Have if specifying, butyl refers to normal-butyl.
The example of ion includes methyl triphenylTetraphenylThe tetrabutylTributyl-methyl phosphoniumTriethyl group MethylThree hexyl myristylsTriphenyl propyl groupWith four (methylols)
The example of suitable anion is hydroxide, nitrate, perchlorate, difluoride, alkoxide, halide, phosphorus Hydrochlorate, phosphinates, phosphonate, borate, carboxylate, sulphite, sulfate, sulfonate, carbonate, acid imide, aluminic acid Salt, cyanate, methide, arsenate, silicate and stibate.
Anion, cation and ionic compound can be such as United States Patent (USP) No.6,254,797 and U.S. Publication Those disclosed in No. 2011/0045359.
Difluoride is HF2 -。
Alkoxide is RO-, wherein R is alkyl, such as methoxide, ethylate, normal propyl alcohol salt, isopropoxide, n-butanol salt, uncle Butylate or phenates.It is perfluoroalkyl that alkoxide, which also includes wherein R,.
Halide is chloride, bromide, iodide or fluoride.
Phosphate includes dihydric phosphate, hydrophosphate, alkylphosphonic, Acidic phosphates salt, phosphate, PF6 -(hexafluoro Phosphate), HPO3F-(fluorophosphate hydrogen salt), three oxalic acid phosphate (TOP), tetrafluoro oxalic acid phosphate (TFOP) and fluoro (perfluor Alkyl) phosphate such as F2P(C2F5)4, F3P(C2F5)3 -(three (pentafluoroethyl group) three fluorophosphate or FAP), F4P(C2F5)2 -, F2P (C3F7)4 -, F3P(C3F7)3 -, F4P(C3F7)2 -, F2P(C4F9)4 -, F3P(C4F9)3 -And F4P(C4F9)2 -。
Phosphinates is such as alkyl phosphinic acid hydrogen salt, dialkylphosphinic salts, arylphosphinic acid hydrogen salt or diaryl Phosphonate.Such as double (2,4,4- trimethylphenyls) phosphinates.
Phosphonate is such as alkyl phosphonate, such as phosphonic salt or hydrogen phosphonate (phosphonate).
Borate includes ortho-borate, tetrahydroxy borate, tetraborate, tetraphenyl borate salts, [B (3,5- (CF3)2C6H3)4]-(BARF), B (C2O4)2 -(double (oxalic acid) borates) (BOB), difluoro (oxalic acid) borate (dFOB), two (trifluoro second Acyl) oxalic acid borate (D (Ac) OB), B (C6F5)4 -, BF4 -(tetrafluoroborate).
Carboxylate anion has formula RCOO-, wherein R is hydrogen or alkyl, including formates, acetate (acetate), third Hydrochlorate, n-butyric acie salt, isobutyrate, positive valerate, isovalerate, caprylate, caprate, benzoate, salicylate is thio Salicylate, 2-, 3- or 4- nitrobenzoates；Citrate, oxalates, tartrate, glycollate, gluconate, Malate, mandelate, the carboxylate of NTA, the carboxylate of N- (2- ethoxys)-ethylenediamine triacetic acid, second two The carboxylate of amine tetraacethyl, the carboxylate and alkylcarboxylic acid salt such as Monofluoroacetate of diethylene-triamine pentaacetic acid, difluoro Acetate, trifluoroacetate, chloroacetate salt, dichloroacetate and trichloroacetate.
Sulphite includes sulphite and bisulfites.
Sulfate includes disulfate, sulfate, thiosulfate and alkyl sulfate such as Methylsulfate and ethyl sulphur Hydrochlorate.
Sulfonate includes alkyl, arylsulphonate and fluorinated alkyl sulfonate, such as fluoroform sulphonate (trifluoromethanesulfonic acid Salt), tosilate (toluene fulfonate) or mesylate (mesylate).
Anion, carbonate is, for example, carbonate, bicarbonate or alkyl carbonate such as methylcarbonate, ethyl carbonate salt Or butylcarbamate.
Imide anion includes cdicynanmide, N (SO2F)2 -((double fluorosulfonyls) acid imide), double (per-fluoroalkyl sulfonyls Base) acid imide such as [N (SO2CF3)2]-(double trifluorosulfonimides), double (pentafluoroethyl group sulfonyl) acid imides and N (CF3SO2) CF2)3SO2)-(perfluoroalkyl group sulfonyl) (perfluoroalkyl carboxyl) acid imide.
Aluminate includes Al (OC (CF3)3)4 -, two (trifluoroacetyl) oxalates conjunction aluminate (d (Ac) OAl), tetrachloro aluminic acid Salt, four fluoaluminate, tetraiodo aluminate and tetrabromo aluminate.
Cyanate includes thiocyanate and cyanate.
Methide includes three (perfluoroalkyl group sulfonyl) methides, and such as three (trifluoromethyl sulfonyls) methylate Thing, C (CF3SO2)3 -。
Arsenate includes arsenate, arsenic acid hydrogen salt, dihydric arsenate and AsF6 -。
Silicate includes SiF6 -2。
Stibate includes SbF6 -With Sb (OH)6 -。
For example, proton ion compound is H3PO4, NH4SO3CF3, NH4BF4, NH4OH, NH4Cl, NH4Br, NH4I, NH4F, NH4H2PO4, (NH4)2HPO4, methylphosphonic acid ammonium, pyridinium tosylatePyridinium chlorideChlorination puratized agricultural spray, chlorination hydroxyl ammonium, (NH4)2SO4, sulfuric acid(N2H6SO4), (NH4)HSO4, NaHSO4, NH4BF4, H2SO4, KH2PO4, K2HPO4, NaH2PO4, Na2HPO4, HBF4, H (OEt2)BF4, HPF6, HAsF6, HClO4, HSO3CF3, H [N (SO2CF3) or H [N (SO2CF2CF3)2]。
Proton ion compound can also be the oxygen of height non-coordinative ionicIon, such as Brookhart acid (BARF Acid), [H (OEt2)2][B[3,5-(CF3)2C6H3]4].Other examples include [H (OEt2)2][B(C6F5)4] (oxygenAcid) and [H (OEt2)2][Al(OC(CF3)3)4].In these cases, cation is diethyl ether (the diethyl ether oxygen of protonation).Or, Cation can be the ether of other protonations, the tetrahydrofuran (THF) of such as protonation.
Proton ion compound can be proton ion liquid, such as ethylammoniumnitrate, diethylmethyl ammonium fluoroform Sulfonate (DEMA TfO), triethyl ammonium mesylate, 2- picolinesFluoroform sulphonate, ammonium fluoride, ammonium methyl nitric acid Salt, hydroxyethyl ammonium nitrate, nitric acid second ammonium, Dimethyl Ammonium nitrate, 1- methylimidazolesNitrate, 1- ethyl imidazol(e)sNitre Hydrochlorate, tert-butyl group ammonium tetrafluoroborate, hydroxyethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate, methyl butyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate, three second ammonium tetrafluoro boron Hydrochlorate, imidazolesTetrafluoroborate, 1- methylimidazolesTetrafluoroborate, 1,2- methylimidazoleTetrafluoroborate, uncle Butyl ammonium fluoroform sulphonate, 2- fluorine pyridinesFluoroform sulphonate, hydroxyethyl ammonium fluoroform sulphonate, 1,2- dimethyl miaow AzolesFluoroform sulphonate, imidazolesFluoroform sulphonate, 1- methylimidazolesDisulfate, 1- methylimidazolesChlorination Thing, 1- methylimidazolesFluoroform sulphonate, hydronium(ion) fluoroform sulphonate, ammonium methanesulfonate, ethyl ammonium methanesulfonic acid Salt, butyl ammonium mesylate, methoxy ethyl ammonium mesylate, Dimethyl Ammonium mesylate, dibutyl ammonium mesylate, three second Base ammonium mesylate, dimethyl ethyl ammonium mesylate, hydronium(ion) disulfate, ammonium hydrogen sulfate, ammonium methyl disulfate, ethyl Ammonium bisulphate salt, propyl ammonium disulfate, normal-butyl ammonium bisulphate salt, tert-butyl group ammonium bisulphate salt, Dimethyl Ammonium disulfate, Diethyl ammonium disulfate, di-n-butyl ammonium bisulphate salt, methyl butyl ammonium bisulphate salt, ethyl-butyl ammonium bisulphate salt, three Ammonium methyl disulfate, triethyl ammonium disulfate, tributyl ammonium disulfate, dimethyl ethyl ammonium bisulphate salt, dibutyl Ammonium fluorophosphoric acid hydrogen salt, triethyl ammonium fluorophosphoric acid hydrogen salt, tributyl ammonium fluorophosphoric acid hydrogen salt, hydronium(ion) dihydric phosphate, ammonium methyl phosphorus Acid dihydride salt, ethyl ammonium dihydric phosphate, propyl ammonium dihydric phosphate, normal-butyl ammonium dihydric phosphate, methoxy ethyl ammonium phosphorus Acid dihydride salt, Dimethyl Ammonium dihydric phosphate, dibutyl ammonium dihydric phosphate, methyl butyl ammonium dihydric phosphate, ammonium acid fluoride, Methyl ammonium acid fluoride, ethyl ammonium acid fluoride or dimethyl ammonium acid fluoride.
Carboxylic acid is Bronsted acid/proton compound.There is carboxylic acid formula RCOOH, wherein R to be hydrogen or alkyl.Carboxylic acid includes carboxylic acid Root anion.
For example, carboxylic acid be selected from formic acid, acetic acid, a fluoroacetic acid, difluoroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, chloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, Trichloroacetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, 3 Methylbutanoic acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, octanoic acid, n-nonanoic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, 2-, 3- or 4- nitrobenzoic acids；Citric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, glycolic, gluconic acid, malic acid, mandelic acid, NTA, N- (2- ethoxys)-ethylenediamine triacetic acid, ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid and diethylidene triamine pentaacetic acid.
Some carboxylic acids belong to the definition of the ionic liquid according to the present invention, such as acetic acid.
For example, non-proton ionic compound is NMe4 +SO3CF3 -, NMe4OH, NEt4 +BF4 -, NMe4 +Cl-, NEt4 +Br-, NnBu4 +I-, NnBu4 +F-, NEt4+H2PO4 -, (NMe4)2HPO4, methyl triphenylIodide, four (methylols)Chloride, TetraphenylBromide, 1- picolinesChloride, benzalkonium chloride, Me3OBF4, Et3OBF4, NEt4PF6, NMe4AsF6, NMe4ClO4, NEt4SO3CF3, NMe4[N(SO2CF3)2] or NEt4[N(SO2CF2CF3)]。
Non-proton ionic compound can also include highly noncoordinating anion, such as such as BARF, sodium BARF, Na+B [3,5-(CF3)2C6H3]4]-.Other examples include K+B(C6F5)4 -And K+Al(OC(CF3)3)4 -。
Non-proton ionic compound can be with right and wrong proton ion liquid, such as three normal-butyl methyl ammonium methyl sulphates, 1- Ethyl -2,3- methylimidazolesSulfovinate, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesRhodanate, 1- butyl -3- methyl miaows AzolesFour chloro-aluminates, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesMethylsulfate, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesMesylate, 1- Butyl -3- methylimidazolesBicarbonate, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesDisulfate, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesChlorine Compound, 1,2,3- tri-methylimidazoliumMethylsulfate, three-(ethoxy) methyl ammonium methyl sulphates, 1,2,4- trimethyl pyrrole AzolesMethylsulfate, 1,3- methylimidazoleBicarbonate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesBicarbonate, 1- ethyls- 3- methylimidazolesChloride, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesFour chloro-aluminates, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesThiocyanic acid Salt, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesMesylate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesDisulfate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesSulfovinate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesNitrate, 1- butyl-pyridiniumsChloride, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesCdicynanmide, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesTetrafluoroborate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesHexafluorophosphate, 1- fourths Base -3,5- lutidinesBromide, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, 1- second Base -3- methylimidazolesDouble (pentafluoroethyl group sulfonyl) acid imides, 1- ethyl -2,3- methylimidazolesMethylcarbonate, carboxylic Methyl tributylDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, N- carboxyethyls-crassitudeDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyls) Acid imide, double (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides of N- carboxymethyls-trimethyl ammonium, N- carboxymethyls-picolineDouble (trifluoros Methyl sulphonyl) acid imide, hexyl trimethyl ammonium two (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imide, the tetrabutylMesylate, three second Ylmethyl ammonium methylcarbonate, 1- ethyl -1- methyl piperidinesMethylcarbonate, 4- ethyl -4- methyl morpholinesMethyl carbonic acid Salt, 1- butyl -1- crassitudesMethylcarbonate, triethyl methyl ammonium dibutylphosphoric acid salt, tributyl-methyl phosphoniumTwo fourths Based phosphates, triethyl methylDibutylphosphoric acid salt, the tetrabutylTetrafluoroborate, the tetrabutylTosilate, three Butyl methylMethylcarbonate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesBicarbonate, tributyl-methyl phosphonium ammonium methylcarbonate, three fourths Ylmethyl ammonium dibutylphosphoric acid salt, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesDibutylphosphoric acid salt, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesTwo fourths Based phosphates, 1- (cyanogen methyl) -3- methylimidazolesChloride, 1- (3- cyanogen propyl group) -3- methylimidazolesChloride, 1- (3- Cyanogen propyl group) -3- methylimidazolesDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, 1- (3- cyanogen propyl group) -3- methylimidazolesDicyan Amine, 1- (3- cyanogen propyl group) pyridineChloride, 1- (3- cyanogen propyl group) pyridineDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, 1,3- Double (cyanogen methyl) imidazolesChloride, 1,3- double (cyanogen methyl) imidazolesDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, 1,3- is double (cyanogen propyl group) imidazolesChloride, 1,3- double (3- cyanogen propyl group) imidazolesDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, 1- butyl- 3- methylimidazolesHexafluorophosphate, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesTetrafluoroborate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesFour Borofluoride, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesChloride, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesBromide, 1- butyl -3- methyl miaows AzolesBromide, 1- hexyl -3- methylimidazolesChloride, tributyl-methyl phosphoniumMethylsulfate, triethyl methylTwo Butyl phosphoric acid salt, three hexyl myristylsDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, three hexyl myristylsDouble (2,4, 4- trimethylphenyls) phosphinates, three hexyl myristylsBromide, three hexyl myristylsChloride, three hexyls ten TetraalkylCaprate, three hexyl myristylsCdicynanmide, 3- (triphenyl phosphorusBase) propane -1- sulfonate or 3- (triphens Base phosphorusBase) propane -1- sulfonic acid toluene fulfonates.
The example of carboxylate compounds is durol ammonium formate, tetraethyl ammonium oxalate, tetrabutyl ammonium tartrate, tartaric acid Sodium, potassium formate, tetramethyl ammonium acetate, 1- picolinesChloride, three generations's trimethyl ammonium citrate, tetramethyl-ammonium 2-, 3- Or 4- nitrobenzoates, ammonium benzoate, ammonium salicylate, ammonium oxalate, ammonium tartrate, methyl triphenylAcetate, four (hydroxyl first Base)Benzoate, four (methylols)Formates, tartaric acid list-or two-potassium, single-, two- or three-for ammonium citrate, 2- Nitrobenzoic acid ammonium, 3- nitrobenzoic acid ammoniums, 4- nitrobenzoic acid ammoniums, trifluoroacetic acid potassium and potassium chloroacetate.
In polybasic carboxylic acid, ammonium and/or alkali metal and/or alkaline-earth metal ions can replace one or any amount of acid Property hydrogen, with formed the present invention carboxylate compounds.For example including it is single-, two- and three-for ammonium citrate and single-, two- and three- For sodium citrate.
According to the present invention, ionic liquid is the ionic compound for showing fusing point≤150 DEG C.
Otherwise, ionic compound is fusing point>150 DEG C of " salt ".
Salt includes halide salts, and such as alkali metal or alkaline-earth halide salt such as NaCl, KCl or KBr, and fusing point exist More than 150 DEG C of other ionic compounds.Alkali and alkali salt include being selected from nitrate, perchlorate, difluoride, Halide, phosphate, phosphinates, phosphonate, borate, carboxylate, sulphite, sulfate, sulfonate, carbonate, acyl The anion of imines, aluminate, cyanate, methide, arsenate, silicate and stibate.
Ionic compound of the present invention can include cation and anion together in same molecule.In addition to two therefore, Property ionic compound (inner salt) such as glycine betaine.Including comprising ammonium orThe amphion of ion and sulfonate or sulfate ion. Including hydroxyl sulfo betaine, 4- (triphenyl phosphorusBase) butane -1- sulfonate, N- (triethyl group amino-sulfonyl) amino first Sour methyl esters (Burgess reagents) and sulfuric acidAmphion, such as U.S. Patent No. 3, taught in 471, No. 544.Including amino Sulfonic acid.
Advantageously, at least two different ionic compounds are used in electrolyte composition.For example, two kinds it is different from Sub- compound can be proton ion compound and non-proton ionic compound, or can be ionic liquid and salt.
For example, the electrolyte composition of the present invention can include at least two different ionic liquids.Electrolyte composition Can be comprising one or more ionic liquids and one or more salt, such as proton or non-proton ammonium salt or alkali metal salt such as alkali are golden Belong to halide.
Electrolyte composition can include the mixture of carboxylate compounds and carboxylic acid.Electrolyte composition can contain The ionic liquid of carboxylate and the mixture of carboxylic acid.Electrolyte composition can include two kinds of different carboxylic acids.
Electrolyte composition can include Bronsted acid, proton ammonium compounds or proton-oxygenCompound and ionic liquid.
When there is at least two different ionic compounds, the weight of described two different ionic compounds:Weight Than for about 99.9:0.1 to about 0.1:99.9, about 99.5:0.5 to about 0.5:99.5, about 99:1 to about 1:99, about 95:5 to about 5: 95, about 90:10 to about 10:90, about 80:20 to about 20:80, about 70:30 to about 30:70 or about 60:40 to about 40:60.
In two kinds of different ionic compounds, cation or anion can be with identical.
Gross weight based on electrolyte composition, electrolyte composition can not substantially include unintentionally water, for example≤ 1000ppm ,≤100ppm or≤10ppm water.
Electrolyte composition can advantageously include solvent.Or, electrolyte composition can be free of solvent.For example, working as When in electrolyte composition using one or more ionic liquids, it is not necessary to solvent." being free of solvent " refers in the absence of organic Solvent, and it is substantially absent from unintentionally water.
In the case of there is solvent in electrolyte composition, the weight of ionic compound total amount and solvent:Weight ratio can Think about 99.9:0.1 to about 0.1:99.9, about 99.5:0.5 to about 0.5:99.5, about 99:1 to about 1:99, about 95:5 to about 5: 95, about 90:10 to about 10:90, about 80:20 to about 20:80, about 70:30 to about 30:70 or about 60:40 to about 40:60.
The electrolyte composition of the present invention is not limited by the hydrogen and oxygen deposition potential of water.Therefore, subject of the present invention It is to have>The metal hydride battery of 1.2V (volt) nominal open circuit voltage.The MH batteries of the present invention, which can be provided, to be up to about 5.0V nominal open circuit voltage.For example, the MH batteries of the present invention can have about 1.2 to about 5.0V, about 1.3 to about 5.0V, about 1.4 to about 5.0V or about 1.5 to about 5.0V nominal open circuit voltage.For example, the MH batteries of the present invention can have about 1.3, 1.4,1.5,1.6,1.7,1.8,1.9,2.0,2.1,2.2,2.3,2.4,2.5,2.6,2.7,2.8,2.9,3.0,3.1,3.2, 3.3,3.4,3.5,3.6,3.7,3.8,3.9,4.0,4.1,4.2,4.3,4.4,4.5,4.6,4.7,4.8,4.9 or about 5.0V's Nominal open circuit voltage.
Solvent is water and organic solvent.
Solvent substantially can be made up of water, or substantially can be made up of organic solvent.Solvent can include not year-on-year The water of example:Organic solvent.
When solvent is substantially made up of organic solvent, water can exist with low-down content, such as based on electrolyte Gross weight≤1000ppm of composition ,≤100ppm or≤10ppm water.When solvent is substantially made up of water, organic solvent Can only exist with identical low content.
For example, solvent can be water/ORGANIC SOLVENT MIXTURES, the weight of its reclaimed water and organic solvent:Weight:Weight ratio is About 99.9:0.1 to about 0.1:99.9, about 99.5:0.5 to about 0.5:99.5, about 99:1 to about 1:99, about 95:5 to about 5:95, About 90:10 to about 10:90, about 80:20 to about 20:80, about 70:30 to about 30:70 or about 60:40 to about 40:60.
Electrolyte composition can be comprising organic solvent without aqueous.Electrolyte composition can include water and not include Machine solvent.
Suitable organic solvent is selected from organic carbonate, ether, glyme, ortho esters, PAG, Ester, lactone, glycol, formic acid esters, sulfone, sulfoxide, acid amides, alcohol, amine, ketone, nitro solvent, nitrile solvent and combinations thereof.
Organic carbonate is ring-type or non-annularity, including ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), trimethylene carbonate Methyl ester, carbonic acid 1,2- butylenes (BC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), methyl ethyl carbonate, carbonic acid Asia second Alkene ester, difluoro ethylenecarbonate and a fluorine ethylenecarbonate.
Ether and glyme include dimethoxymethane (DMM), diethoxymethane, 1,2- dimethoxy-ethane (DME Or glycol dimethyl ether or glyme), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triglyme, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl Ether (DEE), ethylene glycol dibutyl ethers, diethyl carbitol, tetrahydrofuran (THF), 2- methyltetrahydrofurans (2-MeTHF), 1, 3- bis-Alkane, DOX (DIOX), 4- methyl isophthalic acids, 3- dioxolanes (4-MeDIOX), 2- methyl isophthalic acids, 3- dioxies penta Ring (2-MeDIOX), Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-twoAlkane, dimethyl ether, ethyl-methyl ether, diethyl ether, di-n-butyl ether, di-tert-butyl ether, two is different Propyl ether, methyl tertiary butyl ether(MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) and tert pentyl methyl ether.
Ortho esters includes trimethoxy-methane, acton, Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dimethyl -3,5,8- trioxa-l-phosphabicyclos [2.2.2] octane and 4- ethyls -1- methyl -3,5,8- trioxa-l-phosphabicyclos [2.2.2] octane.
PAG is C1-C4The pleionomer or co-oligomer or homopolymer or copolymer of aklylene glycol.Example Such as, polyethylene glycol (PEG) or monomethyl, dimethyl or diethyl (end-blocking) polyethylene glycol.PAG is again divided equally Son amount (Mw) be, for example, about 200 to about 1200g/mol, about 200 to about 1000g/mol, about 200 to about 900g/mol, about 200 to About 700g/mol or about 200 to about 500g/mol.Oligomer including 4 kinds of monomers and more monomers, such as tetraethylene glycol, fluorination four Glycol and four propane diols.Such as PEG200, PEG300, PEG400, PEG500, PEG600, PEG700, PEG800, PEG900 or PEG1000。
Ester and lactone include gamma-butyrolacton (GBL), gamma-valerolactone, δ-valerolactone, ethyl acetate (EA), acetic acid 2- methoxies Base ethyl ester, 2-ethoxyethyl acetate, acetic acid 2- butoxyethyls, acetic acid 2- (2- Butoxyethoxies) ethyl ester (diethylene glycol (DEG) fourth Ether acetic acid ester, DBA), ethylene acetate (EGDA), propionic acid 3- ethoxy ethyl esters (EEP), methyl butyrate (MB), acetic acid is just Pentyl ester (NAAC), propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PMA), ethyl butyrate (EB), diethyl malonate, dimethyl malenate and binary Ester admixture (DBE).
Binary ester admixture includes the methyl ester of such as adipic acid, glutaric acid and butanedioic acid.
Glycol includes ethylene glycol, propane diols, 2-methyl cellosolve, cellosolvo, 2- allyloxyethanols, 2- isopropyl oxygen Base ethanol, butoxy ethanol (butyl glycol ether, EB), 2- phenoxetols, 2- BOEs, 2- (2- methoxyl group ethoxies Base) ethanol, 2- (2- ethoxy ethoxies) ethanol, 2- (2- Butoxyethoxies) ethanol (butyl carbitol, DB), propane diols fourth Ether (PB), propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PM), triethylene glycol (TEG), dipropylene glycol methyl ether (DPM), diethylene glycol methyl ether, 1,3-BDO, BDO, 1,5-PD, perfluor-BDO, perfluor -1,5- butanediol is fluorinated diethylene glycol methyl ether, fluorination three Glycol, fluorination triethylene glycol methyl ether and fluorination diethylene glycol butyl ether.
Formic acid esters includes methyl formate, Ethyl formate, iso-butyl formate and t-butyl formate.
Sulfone and sulfoxide include methyl sulfonyl methane (MSM or dimethyl sulfone), and ethyl-methyl sulfone, sulfolane and dimethyl are sub- Sulfone (DMSO).
Acid amides include dimethylformamide (DMF), 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE (NMP), 2-Pyrrolidone, 1,3- dimethyl- 2- imidazolones (DMI), hexamethyl phosphoramide (HMPA) and N, N'- dimethyl-N, N'- trimethylene urea (1,3- dimethyl -3, 4,5,6- tetrahydrochysenes -2 (1H)-pyrimidone (DMPU)).
Alcohol include such as benzylalcohol (BA), ethanol, trifluoroethanol (2,2 ,-trifluoroethanol), methanol, isopropanol, the tert-butyl alcohol and N-butanol.
Ketone includes such as methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) and methyl-isoamyl ketone (MIAK).
Amine includes such as triethylamine, tri-n-butylamine, diethylenetriamines, ethylenediamine, morpholine, piperidines and pyridine.
Nitro solvent includes nitrobenzene, nitromethane and nitroethane.
Nitrile solvent includes acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile and adiponitrile.
Advantageously, using the mixture of solvent, the mixture of such as organic carbonate or one or more organic carbonates The mixture of ester and one or more ethers or glyme.
Suitable other organic solvents, such as toluene, hexane, heptane etc. can be used.
Additive can be mixed in the electrolyte composition of the present invention.
Additive is selected from corrosion inhibitor, solid electrolyte interface (SEI) modifier, proton evolution modifier, from Discharge inhibitor, anti-gas agent, viscosity modifier, cathodic protection agent, salt stabilizing agent, conductive modifier and solvating agent.
Corrosion inhibitor is such as fluorinated oil, sodium stannate, sodium citrate or polyacrylic acid.
Solid electrolyte interface modifier is, for example, the fluoride source for metal fluoride hydride surface.Fluoride source example HF or KF in this way.SEI modifiers also include rare earth such as Y oxide or hydroxide, and it suppresses the oxygen that thickness is formed on negative pole Compound.SEI modifiers also include the porphyran for being used to reduce alloy surface oxidation.Such as Ni or Fe porphines.SEI modifiers It may include vinylene carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, carbonic acid methylene ethyl and fluoroethylene carbonate.
Self discharge inhibitor include surfactant such as polyglycols, polyglycols alkyl ether, polyglycols alkyl phosphate with it is many Ethyoxyl ether.Including polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene glycol, Polysorbate 20, Spheron MD 30/70 40 and PS. Advantageously, PEG600 and the mixture of Polysorbate 20 are used together or PEG600 is used together with ZnO mixture.
Antigassing additive includes phosphate-based surfactant, propane sultone and fluoro-propane sultone.
Viscosity modifier includes such as DMSO.
For example, the weight based on electrolyte composition, the consumption of additive is about 0.1 weight % to about 15 weight %.
If electrolyte composition includes KOH and water, also there are one or more other components, such as it is one or more Selected from organic solvent, other components of other ionic compounds and additive.
For example, electrolyte composition can include KOH and one or more other ionic compounds, such as it is one or more Selected from NaOH, LiOH, Mg (OH)2With Ca (OH)2Other ionic compounds.
KOH and other ionic compounds weight:Weight ratio is about 99.9:0.1 to about 0.1:99.9, about 99.5:0.5 to About 0.5:99.5, about 99:1 to about 1:99, about 95:5 to about 5:95, about 90:10 to about 10:90, about 80:20 to about 20:80, about 70:30 to about 30:70 or about 60:40 to about 40:60.
Electrolyte composition comprising KOH advantageously includes water and organic solvent, such as PAG.Or, it is molten Agent only can be made up of organic solvent.
Certain embodiments of the present invention include electrolyte composition, and it is included：
A) Bronsted acid/water and/or organic solvent,
B) proton ammonium compounds/water and/or organic solvent,
C) ionic liquid (proton is non-proton, ammonium orCompound),
D) ionic liquid/water and/or organic solvent,
E) alkali metal alcoholates/alcohol or glycol or PAG solvent,
F) alkali metal hydroxide/organic solvent (such as PEG),
G) alkali metal hydroxide/water and organic solvent (such as PEG),
H) alkali metal carboxylate/carboxylic acid,
I) carboxylic acid/water and/or organic solvent,
J) alkali metal carboxylate/water and/or organic solvent,
K) ionic compound/water and/or organic solvent of height non-coordinative ionic,
L) mixture of at least two different ionic liquids,
M) mixture of ionic liquid and proton or non-proton salt, and
N) mixture of ionic liquid and carboxylate compounds and/or carboxylic acid.
The electrolyte composition of the present invention is liquid for example under room temperature (25 DEG C).Liquid includes syrupy shape high viscosity liquid Body.For example, viscosity of the electrolyte composition at 25 DEG C is about 0.2cP to about 100cP.For example, electrolyte composition is at 25 DEG C Under viscosity be≤100cP ,≤90cP ,≤80cP ,≤70cP ,≤50cP ,≤40cP ,≤30cP ,≤20cP ,≤10cP or≤ 5cP。
Viscosity can for example use the miniature viscosity of rolling steel balls by rotational rheometer or use in capillary glass tube Meter is measured, and capillary glass tube timing is simultaneously calibrated for comparison liquid.Viscosity can also be luxuriant and rich with fragrance with DVI or DVII Brookers That moral viscosimeter, plate-on-plate viscosity meter or oscillation mode viscosity meter.
Subject of the present invention or electrolyte composition.
In 30 weight % KOH electrolyte aqueous solutions, the half-cell charge/discharge electrochemical reaction of anode is (MH is gold Belong to hydride)：
Many in the electrolyte composition of the present invention is neutral or acid, i.e., pH is less than or equal to about 7.
The invention further relates to a kind of metal hydride battery, it includes at least one negative pole, at least one positive pole, with position In the housing and electrolyte composition of the electrode therein, wherein the pH value of the electrolyte composition is less than or equal to about 7.
When using present invention neutrality or acidic electrolyte bath composition, half electricity on battery during application current potential at anode Pond charge/discharge electrochemical reaction is：
The invention further relates to a kind of metal hydride battery, it includes at least one negative pole, at least one positive pole, with position In the housing and electrolyte composition of the electrode therein, wherein half-cell when applying current potential on battery at anode fills Electricity/electrochemical reacts
Here all values, such as voltage, viscosity, pH, pKa etc. are determined under 25 DEG C and atmospheric pressure.
The term " a " or " an " for being related to the element of embodiment can be " one " or can be " one or more ".
Term " about " refers to for example by typically measuring and processing routine；Mistake is not intended to by these programs；Pass through The difference of the manufacture of the composition used, source or purity；By using the difference of method；Etc. may occur change.Term " about " the different equilibrium conditions of composition due to being produced by specific original mixture are also included and different amounts.Regardless of whether by Term " about " is modified, and embodiment and claim include the equivalent of the amount.
Here all numerical value are all modified by term " about ", regardless of whether explicitly pointing out.Term " about " typically refers to ability Field technique personnel will be considered to be equal to the quantitative range of cited value (that is, with identical function and/or result).In many In the case of, term " about " can include the numeral for being rounded up to immediate effective digital.
The worthwhile of term " about " modification so includes occurrence.For example, " about 5.0 " must include 5.0.
Term " substantially by ... constitute " refers to composition, and method or structure can include other composition, step and/ Or part, but only work as other composition, step and/or part will not substantially change composition claimed, side During the basic and new feature of method or structure.
United States Patent (USP), the patent application of U.S. Publication and the U.S. Patent application that is discussed herein are each via being incorporated by this Text.
The following is some embodiments of the present invention.
E1. a kind of metal hydride battery, it includes at least one negative pole, at least one positive pole, with what is be located therein The housing and electrolyte composition of the electrode, wherein
Electrolyte composition includes one or more ionic compounds, wherein
If electrolyte composition includes KOH and water, composition includes one or more other components.
E2. according to the battery of embodiment 1, its mesoionic compound is selected from Bronsted acid, proton ammonium compounds and proton-oxygenCompound.
E3. according to the battery of embodiment 1, its mesoionic compound is selected from non-proton ammonium compounds, aprotic oxygen Compound, it is non-protonCompound and alkali metal or alkali salt.
E4. according to the battery of embodiment 1, wherein one or more ionic compounds, which are included, is selected from H+, alkali metal Ion, alkaline-earth metal ions, ammonium, ammonium methyl, ethyl ammonium, Dimethyl Ammonium, diethyl ammonium, trimethyl ammonium, triethyl ammonium, tributyl Ammonium, diethylmethyl ammonium, hydroxyethyl ammonium, methoxy ammonium, dibutyl ammonium, methyl butyl ammonium, puratized agricultural spray, pyridine2- methyl PyridineImidazoles1- methylimidazolesDMIZ 1,2 dimethylimidazoleImidazoline1- ethyl imidazol(e)s1- (4- sulphurs Butyl) -3- methylimidazoles1- allyl imidazolesQuinolineIsoquinolinPyrrolinPyrrolin (pyrrolininium), pyrrolidinesHydroxylammonium, H3O+, H+O(Et)2, H2EtO+, H2MeO+, H+O(Me)2, protonation four The cation of hydrogen furans and protonation 2- methyl-tetrahydro furans.
E5. according to the battery of embodiment 1, wherein one or more ionic compounds, which are included, is selected from H+, ammonium, diethyl Ylmethyl ammonium, triethyl ammonium, hydroxyethyl ammonium, 2- picolines1,2,4- trimethylpyrazolsWith 1- ethyl -3- methyl miaows AzolesCation.
E6. according to the battery of embodiment 1, wherein one or more ionic compounds, which are included, is selected from tetramethyl-ammonium, Tetraethyl ammonium, tetra-n-butyl ammonium, three normal-butyl ammonium methyls, normal-butyl-triethyl ammonium, benzyltrimethylammon.um, benzyl triethyl ammonium ammonium, 1- picolines1- butyl -3,5- lutidines1,2,3- tri-methylimidazoliums1- ethyl-3-methylimidazoles1- butyl -3- methylimidazoles1- ethyl -2,3- methylimidazoles1- pi-allyl -3- methylimidazoles1- hydroxyl second Base -3- methylimidazolesTrimethyl hydroxyethylammonium ammonium (choline), three (ethoxy) ammonium methyls, dimethyl-two (polyoxyethylene) ammonium, 1- ethyl -1- methyl piperidines4- ethyl -4- methyl morpholines1- (cyanogen methyl) -3- methylimidazoles1- (3- cyanogen third Base) pyridineDouble (cyanogen methyl) imidazoles of 1,3- +O(Me)3,+O(Et)3, tetrahydrofuran-Me+, tetrahydrofuran-Et+, 2- first Base tetrahydrofuran-Me+, 2- methyltetrahydrofurans-Et+, methyl triphenylTetraphenylThe tetrabutylTributyl-methyl phosphoniumTriethyl methylThree hexyl myristylsTriphenyl propyl groupWith four (methylols)Cation.
E7. according to the battery of any one of foregoing embodiments, wherein one or more ionic compounds include choosing From hydroxide, nitrate, perchlorate, difluoride, alkoxide, halide, phosphate, phosphinates, phosphonate, boric acid Salt, carboxylate, sulphite, sulfate, sulfonate, carbonate, acid imide, aluminate, cyanate, methide, arsenate, The anion of silicate and stibate.
E8. according to any one of embodiment 1-6 battery, it is selected from wherein one or more ionic compounds are included Chloride, bromide, H2PO4 -, BF4 -, dibutylphosphoric acid salt, HPO3F-, disulfate, rhodanate, difluoride, perchloric acid Salt, cdicynanmide, Al (OC (CF3)3)4 -, B (C6F5)4 -, [N (SO2CF3)2]-(double trifluorosulfonimides), double (pentafluoroethyl group sulphonyl Base) acid imide, fluoroform sulphonate (fluoroform sulphonate), tosilate (toluene fulfonate), mesylate (methanesulfonic acid Salt), tetraphenyl borate salts, [B (3,5- (CF3)2C6H3)4]-, Al (OC (CF3)3)4 -, B (C6F5)4 -, [N (SO2CF3)2]-, N (SO2F)2 -, three (pentafluoroethyl group) three fluorophosphate, B (C2O4)2 -, difluoro (oxalic acid) borate, four chloro-aluminates, four fluoaluminic acids Salt, tetraiodo aluminate, tetrabromo aluminate, AsF6 -, PF6 -, SbF6 -And SiF6 -2Anion.
E9. according to any one of embodiment 1-6 battery, it is selected from wherein one or more ionic compounds are included BF4 -, disulfate, rhodanate, perchlorate, cdicynanmide, double (pentafluoroethyl group sulfonyl) acid imides, fluoroform sulphonate, Tetraphenyl borate salts, [B (3,5- (CF3)2C6H3)4]-, Al (OC (CF3)3)4 -, B (C6F5)4 -, [N (SO2CF3)2]-, tetrachloro aluminic acid Salt, four fluoaluminate, tetraiodo aluminate, tetrabromo aluminate, AsF6 -And PF6 -Anion.
E10. according to the battery of embodiment 1, wherein one or more ionic compounds are selected from H3PO4, NH4SO3CF3, NH4OH, NH4BF4, NH4Cl, NH4Br, NH4I, NH4F, NH4H2PO4, (NH4)2HPO4, ammonium methyl phosphonate, pyridineToluene fulfonate, pyridineChloride, chlorobenzene ammonium, hydroxyl ammonium chloride, (NH4)2SO4, sulfuric acid(N2H6SO4), (NH4) HSO4, NaHSO4, NH4BF4, H2SO4, KH2PO4, K2HPO4, NaH2PO4, Na2HPO4, HBF4, H (OEt2)BF4, HPF6, HAsF6, HClO4, HSO3CF3, H [N (SO2CF3)2], H [N (SO2CF2CF3)2], [H (OEt2)2][B[3,5-(CF3)2C6H3]4], [H (OEt2)][B(C6F5)4] (oxygenAcid) and [H (OEt2)2][Al(OC(CF3)3)4]。
E11. according to the battery of embodiment 1, wherein one or more ionic compounds are selected from NMe4 +SO3CF3 –, NEt4 +BF4 –, NMe4 +OH–, NMe4 +Cl–, NEt4 +Br–, NnBu4 +I–, NnBu4 +F–, NEt4 +H2PO4 –, (NMe4)2HPO4, methyl three PhenylIodide, four (methylols)Chloride, tetraphenylBromide, 1- picolinesChloride, benzalkonium chloride, Me3OBF4, Et3OBF4, NEt4PF6, NMe4AsF6, NMe4ClO4, NEt4SO3CF3, NMe4[N(SO2CF3)2], NEt4[N (SO2CF2CF3)2], Na+B[3,5-(CF3)2C6H3]4]–, K+B(C6F5)4 –And K+Al(OC(CF3)3)4 –。
E12. according to any one of embodiment 1-9 battery, wherein one or more ionic compounds be selected from from Sub- liquid.
E13. according to the battery of embodiment 1, wherein one or more ionic compounds are selected from amphion.
E14. according to the battery of embodiment 1, wherein one or more ionic compounds are selected from ethylammoniumnitrate, Diethylmethyl ammonium fluoroform sulphonate (DEMA TfO), triethyl ammonium mesylate, 2- picolinesTrifluoromethanesulfonic acid Salt, ammonium fluoride, methylammonium nitrate, hydroxyethyl ammonium nitrate, nitric acid second ammonium, Dimethyl Ammonium nitrate, 1- methylimidazolesChlorine Compound, 1- methylimidazolesNitrate, 1- ethyl imidazol(e)sNitrate, tert-butyl group ammonium tetrafluoroborate, hydroxyethyl ammonium tetrafluoro boron Hydrochlorate, methyl butyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate, three second ammonium tetrafluoroborates, imidazolesTetrafluoroborate, 1- methylimidazolesSulfuric acid Hydrogen salt, 1- methylimidazolesTetrafluoroborate, 1,2- methylimidazoleTetrafluoroborate, tert-butyl group ammonium fluoroform sulphonate, 2- fluorine pyridinesFluoroform sulphonate, hydroxyethyl ammonium fluoroform sulphonate, 1,2- methylimidazoleFluoroform sulphonate, miaow AzolesFluoroform sulphonate, 1- methylimidazolesFluoroform sulphonate, hydronium(ion) fluoroform sulphonate, ammonium methanesulfonate, Ethyl ammonium mesylate, butyl ammonium mesylate, methoxy ethyl ammonium mesylate, Dimethyl Ammonium mesylate, dibutyl ammonium Mesylate, triethyl ammonium mesylate, dimethyl ethyl ammonium mesylate, hydronium(ion) disulfate, ammonium hydrogen sulfate, ammonium methyl Disulfate, ethyl ammonium disulfate, propyl ammonium disulfate, normal-butyl ammonium bisulphate salt, tert-butyl group ammonium bisulphate salt, diformazan Base ammonium bisulphate salt, diethyl ammonium disulfate, di-n-butyl ammonium bisulphate salt, methyl butyl ammonium bisulphate salt, ethyl-butyl Ammonium bisulphate salt, trimethyl ammonium disulfate, triethyl ammonium disulfate, tributyl ammonium disulfate, dimethyl ethyl ammonium sulphur Sour hydrogen salt, dibutyl ammonium fluorophosphoric acid hydrogen salt, triethyl ammonium fluorophosphoric acid hydrogen salt, tributyl ammonium fluorophosphoric acid hydrogen salt, hydronium(ion) di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphate Hydrogen salt, ammonium methyl dihydric phosphate, ethyl ammonium dihydric phosphate, propyl ammonium dihydric phosphate, normal-butyl ammonium dihydric phosphate, first Epoxide ethyl ammonium dihydric phosphate, Dimethyl Ammonium dihydric phosphate, dibutyl ammonium dihydric phosphate, methyl butyl ammonium biphosphate Salt, ammonium acid fluoride, methyl ammonium acid fluoride, ethyl ammonium acid fluoride and dimethyl ammonium acid fluoride.
E15. according to the battery of embodiment 1, one or more of which ionic compound is selected from three normal-butyl ammonium methyl first Base sulfate, 1- ethyl -2,3- methylimidazolesSulfovinate, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesRhodanate, 1- fourths Base -3- methylimidazolesFour chloro-aluminates, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesMethylsulfate, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazoles Mesylate, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesDisulfate, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesBicarbonate, 1- butyl -3- first Base imidazolesChloride, 1,2,3- tri-methylimidazoliumMethylsulfate, 1,2,4- trimethylpyrazolMethylsulfate, 1- Ethyl-3-methylimidazoleChloride, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesRhodanate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesFirst sulphur Hydrochlorate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesFour chloro-aluminates, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesDisulfate, 1- ethyl -3- methyl ImidazolesSulfovinate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesNitrate, 1- butyl-pyridiniumsChloride, 1- ethyl -3- methyl ImidazolesCdicynanmide, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesTetrafluoroborate, 1,3- methylimidazoleBicarbonate, 1- ethyls- 3- methylimidazolesBicarbonate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesHexafluorophosphate, 1- butyl -3,5- lutidines Bromide, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesDouble (five Fluoro ethyl sulfonyl) acid imide, 1- ethyl -2,3- methylimidazolesMethylcarbonate, carboxymethyl tributylDouble (trifluoros Methyl sulphonyl) acid imide, N- carboxyethyls-crassitudeDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, N- carboxymethyls-three Double (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides of ammonium methyl, N- carboxymethyls-picolineDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, Hexyl trimethyl ammonium two (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imide, the tetrabutylMesylate, the tetrabutylTetrafluoroborate, four ButylTosilate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesBicarbonate, triethyl methyl ammonium methylcarbonate, tributyl Ammonium methyl methylcarbonate, 1- ethyl -1- methyl piperidinesMethylcarbonate, 4- ethyl -4- methyl morpholinesMethyl carbonic acid Salt, 1- butyl -1- crassitudesMethylcarbonate, triethyl methyl ammonium dibutylphosphoric acid salt, the fourth of tributyl-methyl phosphonium ammonium two Based phosphates, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesDibutylphosphoric acid salt, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesDibutylphosphoric acid salt, 1- (cyanogen methyl) -3- methylimidazolesChloride, 1- (3- cyanogen propyl group) -3- methylimidazolesChloride, 1- (3- cyanogen propyl group) -3- MethylimidazoleDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, 1- (3- cyanogen propyl group) -3- methylimidazolesCdicynanmide, 1- (3- cyanogen third Base) pyridineChloride, 1- (3- cyanogen propyl group) pyridineDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, 1,3- double (cyanogen methyl) miaows AzolesChloride, 1,3- double (cyanogen methyl) imidazolesDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, 1,3- double (3- cyanogen propyl group) imidazolesChloride, 1,3- double (3- cyanogen propyl group) imidazolesDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazoles Hexafluorophosphate, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesTetrafluoroborate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesTetrafluoroborate, 1- second Base -3- methylimidazolesChloride, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesBromide, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesBromide, 1- hexyl -3- methylimidazolesChloride, tributyl-methyl phosphoniumDibutylphosphoric acid salt, triethyl methylDibutylphosphoric acid Salt, tributyl-methyl phosphoniumMethylcarbonate, tributyl-methyl phosphoniumMethylsulfate, triethyl methylDibutylphosphoric acid salt, three Hexyl myristylDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, three hexyl myristylsDouble (2,4,4- trimethylphenyls) Phosphinates, three hexyl myristylsBromide, three hexyl myristylsChloride, three hexyl myristylsCapric acid Salt, three hexyl myristylsCdicynanmide, 3- (triphenyl phosphorusBase) propane -1- sulfonate and 3- (triphenyl phosphorusBase) third Alkane -1- sulfonic acid toluene fulfonates.
E16. according to the battery of embodiment 1, wherein the electrolyte composition includes at least two different ionizations Compound.
E17. according to the battery of embodiment 16, wherein the electrolyte composition includes proton ion compound and non-matter Daughter ion compound.
E18. according to the battery of embodiment 16, wherein electrolyte composition includes two kinds of different proton ion chemical combination Thing.
E19. according to the battery of embodiment 16, wherein electrolyte composition includes two kinds of different non-proton ion combinations Thing.
E20. according to any one of embodiment 16-19 battery, wherein electrolyte composition includes two kinds of different salt.
E21. according to any one of embodiment 16-19 battery, wherein electrolyte composition comprising two kinds it is different from Sub- liquid.
E22. according to any one of embodiment 16-19 battery, wherein electrolyte composition includes salt and ionic liquid, Such as proton or non-proton ammonium salt or alkali metal salt such as alkali halide.
E23. according to any one of embodiment 16-18,21 and 22 battery, wherein electrolyte composition includes proton Acid, proton ammonium compounds or proton-oxygenCompound and ionic liquid.
E24. according to any one of embodiment 16-23 battery, wherein electrolyte composition include containing it is identical sun from Two kinds of different ionic compounds of sub or identical anion.
E25. according to any one of embodiment 16-24 battery, wherein the weight of described two different ionic compounds Amount:Weight ratio is about 99.9:0.1 to about 0.1:99.9, about 99.5:0.5 to about 0.5:99.5, about 99:1 about 1:99, about 95:5 To about 5:95, about 90:10 to about 10:90, about 80:20 to about 20:80, about 70:30 to about 30:70, or about 60:40 to about 40: 60。
E26. according to the battery of any one of foregoing embodiments, wherein electrolyte composition does not include organic solvent, bag Containing gross weight≤1000ppm based on electrolyte composition ,≤100ppm or≤10ppm water.
E27. according to any one of embodiment 1-25 battery, wherein electrolyte composition includes solvent.
E28. according to the battery of embodiment 27, wherein solvent is substantially made up of water.
E29. according to the battery of embodiment 27, wherein solvent is substantially made up of organic solvent.
E30. according to the battery of embodiment 27, wherein solvent includes water and organic solvent.
E31. according to the battery of embodiment 30, the weight of its reclaimed water and organic solvent:Weight ratio is about 99.9:0.1 to About 0.1:99.9, about 99.5:0.5 to about 0.5:99.5, about 99:1 to about 1:99, about 95:5 to about 5:95, about 90:10 to about 10:90, about 80:20 to about 20:80, about 70:30 to about 30:70 or about 60:40 to 40:60.
E32. according to any one of embodiment 29-31 battery, wherein the organic solvent, which is included, is selected from organic carbonate Ester, ether, glyme, ortho esters, PAG, ester, lactone, glycol, formic acid esters, sulfone, sulfoxide, acid amides, alcohol, amine, One or more solvents of ketone, nitro solvent and nitrile solvent.
E33. according to the battery of embodiment 32, wherein organic solvent, which is included, is selected from ethylene carbonate (EC), polypropylene carbonate Ester (PC), trimethylene carbonate, carbonic acid 1,2- butylenes (BC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), carbonic acid first Ethyl ester (EMC), vinylene carbonate, difluoro ethylenecarbonate, a fluorine ethylenecarbonate, dimethoxymethane (DMM), two Ethoxy methane, 1,2- dimethoxy-ethane (DME or glycol dimethyl ether or glyme), diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, three is sweet Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether (DEE), butyl cellosolve, diethyl carbitol, tetrahydrofuran (THF), 2- methyltetrahydrofurans (2-MeTHF), 1,3- bis-Alkane, DOX (DIOX), 4- methyl isophthalic acids, 3- dioxies Penta ring (4-MeDIOX), 2- methyl isophthalic acids, 3- dioxolanes (2-MeDIOX), Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-twoAlkane, dimethyl ether, ethyl-methyl ether, two Ether, di-n-butyl ether, di-tert-butyl ether, Di Iso Propyl Ether, methyl tertiary butyl ether(MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), tert pentyl methyl ether, Trimethoxy-methane, acton, Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dimethyl -3,5,8- trioxa-l-phosphabicyclos [2.2.2] octane, 4- ethyl -1- first Base -3,5,8- trioxa-l-phosphabicyclos [2.2.2] octane, polyethylene glycol, dimethyl polyethylene glycol, diethyl polyethylene glycol, γ-Ding Nei Ester (GBL), gamma-valerolactone, δ-valerolactone, ethyl acetate (EA), 2-Methoxyethyl acetate, 2-ethoxyethyl acetate, second Sour 2- butoxyethyls, acetic acid 2- (2- Butoxyethoxies) ethyl ester (diethylene glycol butyl ether acetic acid esters, DBA), ethylene glycol diethyl Acid esters (EGDA), propionic acid 3- ethoxy ethyl esters (EEP), methyl butyrate (MB), n-amyl acetate (NAAC), propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetic acid Ester (PMA), ethyl butyrate (EB), diethyl malonate, dimethyl malenate, binary ester admixture (DBE), ethylene glycol, the third two Alcohol, 2-methyl cellosolve, cellosolvo, 2- allyloxyethanols, 2- isopropoxide ethanols, butoxy ethanol (ethylene glycol Butyl ether, EB), 2- phenoxetols, 2- BOEs, 2- (2- methoxy ethoxies) ethanol, 2- (2- ethoxy ethoxies) Ethanol, 2- (2- Butoxyethoxies) ethanol (butyl carbitol, DB), propandiol butyl ether (PB), propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PM), three is sweet Alcohol (TEG), dipropylene glycol methyl ether (DPM), diethylene glycol methyl ether, 1,3-BDO, BDO, 1,5-PD, perfluor -1, 4- butanediols, perfluor -1,5- butanediol is fluorinated diethylene glycol methyl ether, is fluorinated triethylene glycol, fluorination triethylene glycol methyl ether and fluorination diethylene glycol (DEG) Butyl ether, methyl formate, Ethyl formate, iso-butyl formate, t-butyl formate, methyl sulfonyl methane (MSM or dimethyl sulfone), second Ylmethyl sulfone, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE (NMP), 2- pyrroles Alkanone, DMI (DMI), hexamethyl phosphoramide (HMPA), N, N'- dimethyl-N, N'- trimethylene Urea (1,3- dimethyl -3,4, (the 1H)-pyrimidone (DMPU) of 5,6- tetrahydrochysene -2), benzylalcohol (BA), ethanol, trifluoroethanol (2,2'- tri- Fluoroethanol), methanol, isopropanol, the tert-butyl alcohol, n-butanol, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methyl-isoamyl ketone (MIAK), triethylamine, Tri-n-butylamine, diethylenetriamines, ethylenediamine, morpholine, piperidines, pyridine, nitrobenzene, nitromethane, nitroethane, acetonitrile, propionitrile, One or more solvents of butyronitrile and adiponitrile.
E34. according to any one of embodiment 27-33 battery, the weight of its mesoionic compound total amount and solvent:Weight Amount:Weight ratio is about 99.9:0.1 to about 0.1:99.9, about 99.5:0.5 to about 0.5:99.5, about 99:1 to about 1:99, about 95: 5 to about 5:95, about 90:10 to about 10:90, about 80:20 to about 20:80, about 70:30 to about 30:70 or about 60:40 to about 40: 60。
E35. according to the battery of any one of foregoing embodiments, wherein electrolyte composition is also comprising one or more choosings Self-corrosion inhibitor, solid electrolyte interface (SEI) modifier, proton evolution modifier, self discharge inhibitor, anti-gas agent is glued The additive of degree conditioning agent, cathodic protection agent, salt stabilizing agent, conductive modifier and resolvating agent.
E36. according to the metal hydride battery of embodiment 1, wherein the electrolyte composition includes one or more Ionic compound and organic solvent selected from alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide and alkoxide.
E37. according to the battery of embodiment 36, wherein one or more ionic compounds are selected from alkali metal hydroxide Thing and alkaline earth metal hydroxide.
E38. according to the battery of embodiment 36, wherein one or more ionic compounds be selected from alkali metal alcoholates and Alkaline-earth alkoxides.
E39. according to the battery of embodiment 36, wherein one or more ionic compounds are selected from sodium hydroxide, hydrogen Potassium oxide, calcium hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide, and sodium, potassium, the methoxide of calcium or magnesium, ethylate, normal propyl alcohol salt, isopropoxide, N-butanol salt, tert butoxide, 2- methyl butanols salt or phenates.
E40. according to the battery of embodiment 36, one or more of which ionic compound is selected from sodium hydroxide or hydroxide Methoxide, ethylate, normal propyl alcohol salt, isopropoxide, n-butanol salt, tert butoxide, methyl butanol or the phenates of potassium and sodium or potassium.
E41. according to the battery of embodiment 36, one or more of which ionic compound is selected from potassium hydroxide, potassium methoxide And potassium ethoxide.
E42. according to the battery of embodiment 36, wherein one or more ionic compounds are selected from sodium methoxide, ethanol Sodium, potassium methoxide and potassium ethoxide.
E43. according to any one of embodiment 36-42 battery, wherein the organic solvent is selected comprising one or more From organic carbonate, ether, glyme, ortho esters, PAG, glycol, alcohol, sulfone, sulfoxide, acid amides and nitrile solvent Solvent.
E44. according to any one of embodiment 36-42 battery, wherein organic solvent is selected from carbon comprising one or more Sour ethyl, propylene carbonate, trimethylene carbonate, carbonic acid 1,2- butylenes, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, carbonic acid first Ethyl ester, dimethoxymethane, 1,2- dimethoxy-ethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triglyme, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, second Glycol diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dibutyl ethers, diethyl carbitol, tetrahydrofuran, 2- methyltetrahydrofurans, DOX, 4- methyl isophthalic acids, 3- dioxolanes, 2- methyl isophthalic acids, 3- dioxolanes, Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-twoAlkane, diethyl ether, di-tert-butyl ether, diisopropyl Base ether, methyl tertiary butyl ether(MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), tert pentyl methyl ether, 2-methyl cellosolve, cellosolvo, the oxygen of 2- third Base ethanol, 2- isopropoxide ethanols, butoxy ethanol, 2- phenoxetols, 2- BOEs, 2- (2- methoxyl group ethoxies Base) ethanol, 2- (2- ethoxy ethoxies) ethanol, 2- (2- Butoxyethoxies) ethanol, trimethoxy-methane, triethoxy first Alkane, Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dimethyl -3,5,8- trioxa-l-phosphabicyclos [2.2.2] octane, 4- ethyl -1- methyl -3,5,8- trioxa-l-phosphabicyclos [2.2.2] octane, polyethylene glycol, dimethyl polyethylene glycol, diethyl polyethylene glycol, propandiol butyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, three is sweet Alcohol, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, 1,3-BDO, BDO, 1,5-PD, perfluor-Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-fourth two Alcohol, perfluor -1,5- butanediol is fluorinated diethylene glycol methyl ether, is fluorinated triethylene glycol, fluorination triethylene glycol methyl ether and fluorination butyl carbitol, Ethylene glycol, propane diols, benzylalcohol, ethanol, trifluoroethanol, methanol, isopropanol, the tert-butyl alcohol, n-butanol, acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, first Methanesulfonyl, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide, 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE, 2-Pyrrolidone, 1,3- dimethyl- The solvent of 2- imidazolones, hexamethyl phosphoramide and N, N'- dimethyl-N, N'- trimethylene urea.
E45. according to any one of embodiment 36-42 battery, wherein organic solvent is selected from 2- comprising one or more Methyl cellosolve, cellosolvo, 2- allyloxyethanols, 2- isopropoxide ethanols, butoxy ethanol, 2- phenoxy group second Alcohol, 2- BOEs, 2- (2- methoxy ethoxies) ethanol, 2- (2- ethoxy ethoxies) ethanol, 2- (2- butoxy ethoxies Base) ethanol, propandiol butyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, benzylalcohol, ethanol, trifluoroethanol, ethylene glycol, The solvent of propane diols, methanol, isopropanol, the tert-butyl alcohol and n-butanol.
E46. according to the battery of embodiment 36, one or more of which ionic compound is selected from KOH, NaOH, KOMe, NaOMe, KOEt and NaOEt, solvent are selected from 2-methyl cellosolve, cellosolvo, 2- propoxyl group second comprising one or more Alcohol, 2- isopropoxide ethanols, butoxy ethanol, 2- phenoxetols, 2- BOEs, 2- (2- methoxy ethoxies) second Alcohol, 2- (2- ethoxy ethoxies) ethanol, 2- (2- Butoxyethoxies) ethanol, propandiol butyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, three is sweet Alcohol, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, benzylalcohol, ethanol, trifluoroethanol, ethylene glycol, propane diols, methanol, isopropanol, the tert-butyl alcohol and n-butanol.
E47. according to any one of embodiment 36-46 battery, the gross weight and organic solvent of its mesoionic compound Weight:Weight ratio is about 99.9:0.1 to about 0.1:99.9, about 99.5:0.5 to about 0.5:99.5, about 99:1 to about 1:99, About 95:5 to about 5:95, about 90:10 to about 10:90, about 80:20 to about 20:80, about 70:30 to about 30:70 or about 60:40 to About 40:60.
E48. according to any one of embodiment 36-47 battery, wherein the gross weight based on electrolyte composition, electrolysis Matter composition includes≤1000ppm ,≤100ppm or≤10ppm weight water.
E49. according to any one of embodiment 36-48 battery, wherein electrolyte composition is also comprising one or more Selected from corrosion inhibitor, solid electrolyte interface (SEI) modifier, proton evolution modifier, self discharge inhibitor, anti-gas agent, The additive of viscosity modifier, cathodic protection agent, salt stabilizing agent, conductive modifier and resolvating agent.
E50. according to the battery of embodiment 1, wherein the electrolyte composition is included selected from alkali metal hydroxide One or more ionic compounds, water and selected from the one or more other of organic solvent, other ionic compounds and additive Component.
E51. according to the battery of embodiment 50, wherein electrolyte composition includes organic solvent.
E52. according to the battery of embodiment 51, wherein organic solvent is selected from organic carbonate comprising one or more, ether, The solvent of glyme, ortho esters, PAG, glycol, alcohol, sulfone, sulfoxide, acid amides and nitrile solvent.
E53. according to the battery of embodiment 51, wherein organic solvent is selected from ethylene carbonate, carbon comprising one or more Sour Asia propyl ester, trimethylene carbonate, carbonic acid 1,2- butylenes, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, dimethoxy Methylmethane, 1,2- dimethoxy-ethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triglyme, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, Ethylene glycol dibutyl ethers, diethyl carbitol, tetrahydrofuran, 2- methyltetrahydrofurans, DOX, 4- methyl isophthalic acids, 3- Dioxolanes, 2- methyl isophthalic acids, 3- dioxolanes, Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-twoAlkane, diethyl ether, di-tert-butyl ether, Di Iso Propyl Ether, methyl- tert Butyl ether, ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), tert pentyl methyl ether, 2-methyl cellosolve, cellosolvo, 2- allyloxyethanols, 2- is different Allyloxyethanol, butoxy ethanol, 2- phenoxetols, 2- BOEs, 2- (2- methoxy ethoxies) ethanol, 2- (2- ethoxy ethoxies) ethanol, 2- (2- Butoxyethoxies) ethanol, trimethoxy-methane, acton, Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-two Methyl -3,5,8- trioxa-l-phosphabicyclos [2.2.2] octane, 4- ethyl -1- methyl -3,5,8- trioxa-l-phosphabicyclos [2.2.2] octane gathers Ethylene glycol, dimethyl polyethylene glycol, diethyl polyethylene glycol, propandiol butyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol, DPG first Ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, 1,3-BDO, BDO, 1,5- butanediol, 1,5-PD, perfluor-BDO, Perfluor -1,5- butanediol, is fluorinated diethylene glycol methyl ether, is fluorinated triethylene glycol, fluorination triethylene glycol methyl ether and fluorination butyl carbitol, second two Alcohol, propane diols, benzylalcohol, ethanol, trifluoroethanol, methanol, isopropanol, the tert-butyl alcohol, n-butanol, acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile, methylsulfonyl Methane, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide, 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE, 2-Pyrrolidone, 1,3- dimethyl -2- miaows The solvent of oxazoline ketone, hexamethyl phosphoramide and N, N'- dimethyl-N, N'- trimethylene urea.
E54. according to the battery of embodiment 51, wherein electrolyte composition includes polyethylene glycol, dimethyl polyethylene glycol Or diethyl polyethylene glycol.
E55. according to any one of embodiment 51-54 battery, the weight of its reclaimed water and organic solvent:Weight ratio is about 99.9:0.1 to about 0.1:99.9, about 99.5:0.5 to about 0.5:99.5, about 99:1 to about 1:99, about 95:5 to about 5:95, about 90:10 to about 10:90, about 80:20 to about 20:80, about 70:30 to about 30:70 or about 60:40 to about 40:60.
E56. according to any one of embodiment 51-55 battery, wherein alkali metal hydroxide adds water with organic solvent Weight:Weight ratio is about 99.9:0.1 to about 0.1:99.9, about 99.5:0.5 to about 0.5:99.5, about 99:1 to about 1:99, About 95:5 to about 5:95, about 90:10 to about 10:90, about 80:20 to about 20:80, about 70:30 to about 30:70 or about 60:40 to About 40:60.
E57. according to any one of embodiment 50-56 battery, wherein electrolyte composition comprising it is one or more its Its ionic compound.
E58. according to the battery of embodiment 57, wherein the electrolyte composition is selected from comprising KOH and one or more NaOH, LiOH, Mg (OH)2With Ca (OH)2Other ionic compounds.
E59. according to the battery of embodiment 57, wherein other ionic compounds are selected from ionic liquid.
E60. according to any one of embodiment 57-59 battery, wherein alkali metal hydroxide and other ion combinations The weight of thing gross weight:Weight ratio is about 99.9:0.1 to about 0.1:99.9, about 99.5:0.5 to about 0.5:99.5, about 99:1 to About 1:99, about 95:5 to about 5:95, about 90:10 to about 10:90, about 80:20 to about 20:80, about 70:30 to about 30:70 or about 60:40 to about 40:60.
E61. according to any one of embodiment 50-60 battery, wherein the electrolyte composition is comprising a kind of or many Plant additive.
E62. according to the battery of embodiment 61, wherein the electrolyte composition presses down comprising one or more selected from corrosion Preparation, solid electrolyte interface (SEI) modifier, proton evolution modifier, self discharge inhibitor, anti-gas agent, viscosity modifier, The additive of cathodic protection agent, salt stabilizing agent, conductive modifier and resolvating agent.
E63. according to the battery of embodiment 1, wherein electrolyte composition is selected from carboxylate chemical combination comprising one or more The ionic compound of thing and carboxylic acid.
E64. according to the battery of embodiment 63, wherein electrolyte composition includes one or more carboxylate compounds.
E65. according to the battery of embodiment 64, wherein one or more carboxylate compounds are selected from alkali metal, alkali Earth metal and ammonium carboxylate.
E66. according to the battery of embodiment 64, wherein one or more carboxylate compounds are selected from alkali metal and alkali Earth metal carboxylate.
E67. according to the battery of embodiment 64, wherein one or more carboxylate compounds be selected from ammonium andCarboxylic acid Salt.
E68. according to the battery of embodiment 64, wherein one or more carboxylate compounds, which are included, is selected from Na+, K+, Ca++, Mg++, NH4 +, ammonium methyl, ethyl ammonium, Dimethyl Ammonium, diethyl ammonium, trimethyl ammonium (NMe3H+), triethyl ammonium, tributyl Ammonium, diethylmethyl ammonium, hydroxyethyl ammonium, methoxy ammonium, dibutyl ammonium, methyl butyl ammonium, puratized agricultural spray, pyridine2- methyl PyridineImidazoles1- methylimidazolesDMIZ 1,2 dimethylimidazoleImidazolineQuinolineIsoquinolinPyrroles QuinolinePyrrolin(pyrrolininium), pyrrolidinesTetramethyl-ammonium, tetraethyl ammonium, tetra-n-butyl ammonium, normal-butyl three Ethyl ammonium, benzyltrimethylammon.um, three normal-butyl ammonium methyls, benzyl triethyl ammonium ammonium, 1- picolines1- butyl -3,5- diformazans Yl pyridines1,2,4- trimethylpyrazolsTrimethyl hydroxyethylammonium ammonium (choline), dimethyl two (polyoxyethylene) ammonium, three (hydroxyls Ethyl) ammonium methyl, 1,2,3- tri-methylimidazolium1- butyl -3- methylimidazoles1- ethyl -2,3- methylimidazoles 1,3- methylimidazoles1- ethyl -1- methyl piperidines4- ethyl -4- methyl morpholines1- (cyanogen methyl) -3- methyl Imidazoles1- (3- cyanogen propyl group) pyridineDouble (cyanogen methyl) imidazoles of 1,3-1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesMethyl triphen BaseTetraphenylThe tetrabutylTributyl-methyl phosphoniumTriethyl methylThree hexyl myristylsTriphenyl third BaseWith four (methylols)Cation.
E69. according to any one of embodiment 64-68 battery, one or more of which carboxylate compounds include choosing From formates, acetate, Monofluoroacetate, difluoroacetic acid salt, trifluoroacetate, chloroacetate salt, dichloroacetate, three chloroethenes Hydrochlorate, propionate, n-butyric acie salt, isobutyrate, positive valerate, isovalerate, caprylate, caprate, benzoate, salicylic acid Salt, thiosalicylic hydrochlorate, 2-, 3- or 4- nitrobenzoate；Citrate, oxalates, tartrate, glycollate, glucose Hydrochlorate, malate, mandelate, the carboxylate of NTA, the carboxylic of N- (2- ethoxys)-ethylene amine triacetic acid Hydrochlorate, the carboxylate of ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid and the carboxylate of diethylene-triamine pentaacetic acid.
E70. according to the battery of embodiment 64, wherein one or more carboxylate compounds be selected from sodium, potassium, calcium and Formates, acetate (acetate), propionate, n-butyric acie salt, isobutyrate, positive valerate or the isovalerate of magnesium.
E71. according to the battery of embodiment 64, wherein one or more carboxylate compounds are selected from the first of sodium and potassium Hydrochlorate, acetate, propionate, n-butyric acie salt, isobutyrate, positive valerate or isovalerate.
E72. according to the battery of embodiment 64, wherein one or more carboxylate compounds are selected from benzoic acid tetramethyl Base ammonium, oxalic acid etamon, tartaric acid tetrabutylammonium, sodium tartrate, potassium formate, acetic acid tetramethyl-ammonium, 1- picolinesChlorination Thing, three generations's trimethyl ammonium citrate, tetramethyl-ammonium 2-, 3- or 4- nitrobenzoate, ammonium benzoate, ammonium salicylate, oxalic acid Ammonium, ammonium tartrate, methyl triphenylAcetate, four (methylols)Benzoate, four (methylols)Formates, winestone Sour list potassium or di-potassium tartrate, mono-, di- or three generations's ammonium citrate；2- nitrobenzoic acid ammoniums, 3- nitrobenzoic acid ammoniums, 4- nitrobenzene Ammonium formate, trifluoroacetic acid potassium and potassium chloroacetate.
E73. according to any one of embodiment 64-69 battery, wherein one or more carboxylate compounds choosings From ionic liquid.
E74. according to the battery of embodiment 64, wherein one or more carboxylate compounds are selected from three hexyls 14 AlkylCaprate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesAcetate, acetic acid choline, Choline Salicylate, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesAcetate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesLactate, 2- ethoxy trimethyl ammonium lactates, 2- ethoxy trimethyl ammonium second Hydrochlorate and methyl trioctylammonium thiosalicylic hydrochlorate.
E75. according to the battery of embodiment 63, wherein electrolyte composition includes one or more carboxylic acids.
E76. according to the battery of embodiment 75, wherein one or more carboxylic acids are selected from formic acid, acetic acid, a fluorine second Acid, difluoroacetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, chloroacetic acid, dichloroacetic acid, trichloroacetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, 3 Methylbutanoic acid, valeric acid, oneself Acid, enanthic acid, octanoic acid, n-nonanoic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, 2-, 3- or 4- nitrobenzoic acid；Citric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, ethanol Acid, gluconic acid, malic acid, mandelic acid, NTA, N- (2- ethoxys)-ethylene amine triacetic acid, ethylenediamine tetraacetic Acetic acid and diethylidene triamine pentaacetic acid.
E77. according to the battery of embodiment 75, wherein one or more carboxylic acids are selected from acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, 3- Methylbutanoic acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, enanthic acid, octanoic acid and n-nonanoic acid.
E78. according to the battery of embodiment 63, wherein the electrolyte composition is different as implemented comprising at least two Ionic compound defined in any one of scheme 63-77.
E79. according to the battery of embodiment 78, wherein electrolyte composition comprising proton ion compound and it is non-proton from Sub- compound.
E80. according to the battery of embodiment 78, wherein electrolyte composition includes two kinds of different proton ion chemical combination Thing.
E81. according to the battery of embodiment 78, wherein electrolyte composition includes two kinds of different non-proton ion combinations Thing.
E82. according to any one of embodiment 78-81 battery, wherein the electrolyte composition includes two kinds of differences Salt.
E83. according to any one of embodiment 78-81 battery, wherein the electrolyte composition includes two kinds of differences Ionic liquid.
E84. according to any one of embodiment 78-81 battery, wherein the electrolyte composition includes salt and ion Liquid.
E85. according to any one of embodiment 78-81 battery, wherein the electrolyte composition includes carboxylic acid salinization Compound and carboxylic acid.
E86. according to the battery of any one of embodiment 78-80,83 and 85, wherein the electrolyte composition includes carboxylic Acid and ionic liquid.
E87. according to any one of embodiment 78-86 battery, wherein the electrolyte composition is included containing identical Two kinds of different ionic compounds of cation or identical anion.
E88. according to any one of embodiment 78-87 battery, wherein the weight of described two different ionic compounds Amount:Weight ratio is about 99.9:0.1 to about 0.1:99.9, about 99.5:0.5 to about 0.5:99.5, about 99:1 about 1:99, about 95:5 To about 5:95, about 90:10 to about 10:90, about 80:20 to about 20:80, about 70:30 to about 30:70, or about 60:40 to about 40: 60。
E89. the battery according to any one of embodiment 63-88, has wherein the electrolyte composition does not include Machine solvent, and include gross weight≤1000ppm based on the electrolyte composition ,≤100ppm or≤10ppm water.
E90. according to any one of embodiment 63-88 battery, wherein the electrolyte composition includes solvent.
E91. according to the battery of embodiment 90, wherein solvent is substantially made up of water.
E92. according to the battery of embodiment 90, wherein solvent is substantially made up of organic solvent.
E93. according to the battery of embodiment 90, wherein the solvent includes water and organic solvent.
E94. according to any one of embodiment 92-93 battery, wherein the organic solvent is selected comprising one or more From organic carbonate, ether, glyme, ortho esters, PAG, ester, lactone, glycol, formic acid esters, sulfone, sulfoxide, acyl Amine, alcohol, amine, ketone, the solvent of nitro solvent and nitrile solvent.
E95. according to the battery of embodiment 94, wherein organic solvent is selected from ethylene carbonate comprising one or more (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), trimethylene carbonate, carbonic acid 1,2- butylenes (BC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC)), carbonic acid diethyl Ester (DEC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), vinylene carbonate, difluoro ethylenecarbonate, a fluorine ethylenecarbonate, dimethoxy Methylmethane (DMM), diethoxymethane, 1,2- dimethoxy-ethane (DME or glycol dimethyl ether or glyme), two is sweet Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triglyme, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether (DEE), butyl cellosolve, diethylene glycol diethyl Ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF), 2- methyltetrahydrofurans (2-MeTHF), 1,3- bis-Alkane, DOX (DIOX), 4- first Base-DOX (4-MeDIOX), 2- methyl isophthalic acids, 3- dioxolanes (2-MeDIOX), Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-twoAlkane, dimethyl ether, second Ylmethyl ether, diethyl ether, di-n-butyl ether, di-tert-butyl ether, Di Iso Propyl Ether, methyl tertiary butyl ether(MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), uncle Amyl methyl ether, trimethoxy-methane, acton, Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dimethyl -3,5,8- trioxa-l-phosphabicyclos [2.2.2] octane, 4- ethyl -1- methyl -3,5,8- trioxa-l-phosphabicyclos [2.2.2] octane, polyethylene glycol, dimethyl polyethylene glycol or the poly- second of diethyl Glycol, gamma-butyrolacton (GBL), gamma-valerolactone, δ-valerolactone, ethyl acetate (EA), 2-Methoxyethyl acetate, acetic acid 2- second Epoxide ethyl ester, acetic acid 2- butoxyethyls, acetic acid 2- (2- Butoxyethoxies) ethyl ester (butyl carbitol acetate, DBA), second Glycol diacetate (EGDA), propionic acid 3- ethoxy ethyl esters (EEP), methyl butyrate (MB), n-amyl acetate (NAAC), propane diols Methyl ether acetate (PMA), ethyl butyrate (EB), diethyl malonate, dimethyl malenate, binary ester admixture (DBE), second two Alcohol, propane diols, 2-methyl cellosolve, cellosolvo, 2- allyloxyethanols, 2- isopropoxide ethanols, butoxy ethanol (butyl glycol ether, EB), 2- phenoxetols, 2- BOEs, 2- (2- methoxy ethoxies) ethanol, 2- (2- ethyoxyls Ethyoxyl) ethanol, 2- (2- Butoxyethoxies) ethanol (butyl carbitol, DB), propandiol butyl ether (PB), propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PM), triethylene glycol (TEG), dipropylene glycol methyl ether (DPM), diethylene glycol methyl ether, 1,3-BDO, BDO, 1,5- penta Glycol, perfluor-BDO, perfluor -1,5- butanediol is fluorinated diethylene glycol methyl ether, is fluorinated triethylene glycol, is fluorinated triethylene glycol methyl ether With fluorination butyl carbitol, methyl formate, Ethyl formate, iso-butyl formate, t-butyl formate, methyl sulfonyl methane (MSM or Dimethyl sulfone), ethyl-methyl sulfone, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (DMSO), dimethylformamide (DMF), 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE (NMP), 2-Pyrrolidone, DMI (DMI), hexamethyl phosphoramide (HMPA), N, N'- dimethyl-N, N'- trimethylenes urea (1,3- dimethyl -3,4, (the 1H)-pyrimidone (DMPU) of 5,6- tetrahydrochysene -2), benzylalcohol (BA), ethanol, trifluoro Ethanol (2,2 ,-trifluoroethanol), methanol, isopropanol, the tert-butyl alcohol, n-butanol, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), methyl isoamyl ketone (MIAK), triethylamine, tri-n-butylamine, diethylenetriamines, ethylenediamine, morpholine, piperidines, pyridine, nitrobenzene, nitromethane, nitro The solvent of ethane, acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile and adiponitrile.
E96. according to any one of embodiment 93-95 battery, the weight of its reclaimed water and organic solvent:Weight ratio is about 99.9:0.1 to about 0.1:99.9, about 99.5:0.5 to about 0.5:99.5, about 99:1 to about 1:99, about 95:5 to about 5:95, about 90:10 to about 10:90, about 80:20 to about 20:80, about 70:30 to about 30:70 or about 60:40 to about 40:60.
E97. according to any one of embodiment 90-96 battery, the weight of its mesoionic compound gross weight and solvent: Weight ratio is about 99.9:0.1 to about 0.1:99.9, about 99.5:0.5 to about 0.5:99.5, about 95:5 to about 5:95, about 90:10 To about 10:90, about 80:20 to about 20:80, about 70:30 to about 30:70 or about 60:40 to about 40:60.
E98. according to any one of embodiment 63-97 battery, wherein electrolyte composition is also comprising one or more Selected from corrosion inhibitor, solid electrolyte interface (SEI) modifier, proton evolution modifier, self discharge inhibitor, anti-gas agent, The additive of viscosity modifier, cathodic protection agent, salt stabilizing agent, conductive modifier and resolvating agent.
E99. according to the battery of any one of foregoing embodiments, wherein the viscosity of electrolyte composition at 25 DEG C for≤ 100cP ,≤90cP ,≤80cP ,≤70cP ,≤50cP ,≤40cP ,≤30cP ,≤20cP ,≤10cP or≤5cP.
E100. according to the battery of any one of foregoing embodiments, it shows about 1.2 to about 5.0V, and about 1.3 to about 5.0V, about 1.4 to about 5.0V or about 1.5 to about 5.0V nominal open circuit voltage.
E101. the electrolyte composition as any one of embodiment 1 to 99.
E102. a kind of metal hydride battery, it includes at least one negative pole, at least one positive pole, with being located therein The electrode housing and electrolyte composition, the nominal open circuit voltage of wherein battery is about 1.5 to about 5.0V.
E103. according to the battery of embodiment 102, wherein the electrolyte composition is comprising one or more golden selected from alkali Category or alkali salt, Bronsted acid, proton ammonium compounds, protonCompound, non-proton ammonium compounds, non-proton oxygenChange Compound and non-protonThe ionic compound of compound.
E104. according to the battery of embodiment 103, wherein one or more ionic compounds, which are included, is selected from hydroxide Thing, nitrate, perchlorate, difluoride, alkoxide, halide, phosphate, phosphinates, phosphonate, borate, carboxylate, Sulphite, sulfate, sulfonate, carbonate, acid imide, aluminate, cyanate, methide, arsenate, silicate and antimony The anion of hydrochlorate.
E105. according to the battery of embodiment 103, wherein one or more ionic compounds, which are included, is selected from chlorination Thing, bromide, H2PO4 -, BF4 -, dibutylphosphoric acid salt, HPO3F-, disulfate, rhodanate, difluoride, perchlorate, Cdicynanmide, Al (OC (CF3)3)4 -, B (C6F5)4 -, [N (SO2CF3)2]-(double trifluorosulfonimides), double (pentafluoroethyl group sulfonyls) Acid imide, fluoroform sulphonate (fluoroform sulphonate), tosilate (toluene fulfonate), mesylate (methanesulfonic acid Salt), tetraphenyl borate salts, [B (3,5- (CF3)2C6H3)4]–, Al (OC (CF3)3)4 –, B (C6F5)4 –, [N (SO2CF3)2]–, N (SO2F)2 –, three (pentafluoroethyl group) three fluorophosphate, B (C2O4)2 -, difluoro (oxalic acid) borate, four chloro-aluminates, four fluoaluminic acids Salt, tetraiodo aluminate, tetrabromo aluminate, AsF6 -, PF6 -, SbF6 -And SiF6 -2Anion.
E106. according to any one of embodiment 103-105 battery, wherein one or more ionic compound choosings From ionic liquid.
E107. according to the battery of embodiment 103, wherein one or more ionic compounds are selected from ethyl ammonium nitric acid Salt, diethylmethyl ammonium fluoroform sulphonate, triethyl ammonium mesylate, 2- picolinesFluoroform sulphonate, fluorination Ammonium, methylammonium nitrate, hydroxyethyl ammonium nitrate, nitric acid second ammonium, Dimethyl Ammonium nitrate, 1- methylimidazolesChloride, 1- MethylimidazoleNitrate, 1- ethyl imidazol(e)sNitrate, tert-butyl group ammonium tetrafluoroborate, hydroxyethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate, first Base butyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate, three second ammonium tetrafluoroborates, imidazolesTetrafluoroborate, 1- methylimidazolesDisulfate, 1- MethylimidazoleTetrafluoroborate, 1,2- methylimidazoleTetrafluoroborate, tert-butyl group ammonium fluoroform sulphonate, 2- fluorine pyrroles PyridineFluoroform sulphonate, hydroxyethyl ammonium fluoroform sulphonate, 1,2- methylimidazoleFluoroform sulphonate, imidazolesThree Fluorine mesylate, 1- methylimidazolesFluoroform sulphonate, hydronium(ion) fluoroform sulphonate, ammonium methanesulfonate, ethyl ammonium Mesylate, butyl ammonium mesylate, methoxy ethyl ammonium mesylate, Dimethyl Ammonium mesylate, dibutyl ammonium methanesulfonic acid Salt, triethyl ammonium mesylate, dimethyl ethyl ammonium mesylate, hydronium(ion) disulfate, ammonium hydrogen sulfate, methyl ammonium bisulphate Salt, ethyl ammonium disulfate, propyl ammonium disulfate, normal-butyl ammonium bisulphate salt, tert-butyl group ammonium bisulphate salt, Dimethyl Ammonium sulphur Sour hydrogen salt, diethyl ammonium disulfate, di-n-butyl ammonium bisulphate salt, methyl butyl ammonium bisulphate salt, ethyl-butyl ammonium sulfuric acid Hydrogen salt, trimethyl ammonium disulfate, triethyl ammonium disulfate, tributyl ammonium disulfate, dimethyl ethyl ammonium bisulphate salt, Dibutyl ammonium fluorophosphoric acid hydrogen salt, triethyl ammonium fluorophosphoric acid hydrogen salt, tributyl ammonium fluorophosphoric acid hydrogen salt, hydronium(ion) dihydric phosphate, first Base ammonium dihydric phosphate, ethyl ammonium dihydric phosphate, propyl ammonium dihydric phosphate, normal-butyl ammonium dihydric phosphate, methoxyl group second Base ammonium dihydric phosphate, Dimethyl Ammonium dihydric phosphate, dibutyl ammonium dihydric phosphate, methyl butyl ammonium dihydric phosphate, fluorine Change hydrogen ammonium, methyl ammonium acid fluoride, ethyl ammonium acid fluoride and dimethyl ammonium acid fluoride.
E108. according to the battery of embodiment 103, one or more of which ionic compound is selected from three normal-butyl ammonium methyls Methylsulfate, 1- ethyl -2,3- methylimidazolesSulfovinate, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesRhodanate, 1- The chloro-aluminate of butyl -3- methylimidazoles four, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesMethylsulfate, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazoles Mesylate, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesDisulfate, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesBicarbonate, 1- butyl -3- first Base imidazolesChloride 1,2,3- tri-methylimidazoliumsMethylsulfate, 1,2,4- trimethylpyrazolMethylsulfate, 1- Ethyl-3-methylimidazoleChloride, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesRhodanate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesFirst sulphur Hydrochlorate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesFour chloro-aluminates, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesDisulfate, 1- ethyl -3- methyl ImidazolesSulfovinate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesNitrate, 1- butyl-pyridiniumsChloride, 1- ethyl -3- methyl Imidazoles cdicynanmide, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesTetrafluoroborate, 1,3- methylimidazoleBicarbonate, 1- ethyls -3- MethylimidazoleBicarbonate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesHexafluorophosphate, 1- butyl -3,5- lutidinesBromine Compound, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesDouble (five fluorine Ethylsulfonyl) acid imide, 1- ethyl -2,3- methylimidazolesMethylcarbonate, carboxymethyl tributylDouble (fluoroforms Base sulfonyl) acid imide, N- carboxyethyls-crassitudeDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, N- carboxymethyl trimethyls Ammonium two (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imide, N- carboxymethyls-picolineDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, hexyl Trimethyl ammonium two (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imide, the tetrabutylMesylate, the tetrabutylTetrafluoroborate, the tetrabutylTosilate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesBicarbonate, triethyl methyl ammonium methylcarbonate, tributyl-methyl phosphonium Ammonium methylcarbonate, 1- ethyl -1- methyl piperidinesMethylcarbonate, 4- ethyl -4- methyl morpholinesMethylcarbonate, 1- Butyl -1- crassitudesMethylcarbonate, triethyl methyl ammonium dibutylphosphoric acid salt, tributyl-methyl phosphonium ammonium dibutyl phosphorus Hydrochlorate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesDibutylphosphoric acid salt, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesDibutylphosphoric acid salt, 1- (cyanogen first Base) -3- methylimidazolesChloride, 1- (3- cyanogen propyl group) -3- methylimidazolesChloride, 1- (3- cyanogen propyl group) -3- methyl miaows AzolesDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, 1- (3- cyanogen propyl group) -3- methylimidazolesCdicynanmide, 1- (3- cyanogen propyl group) pyrrole PyridineChloride, 1- (3- cyanogen propyl group) pyridineDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, 1,3- double (cyanogen methyl) imidazoles Chloride, 1,3- double (cyanogen methyl) imidazolesDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, 1,3- double (3- cyanogen propyl group) imidazolesChlorine Compound, 1,3- double (3- cyanogen propyl group) imidazolesDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesHexafluoro Phosphate, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesTetrafluoroborate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesTetrafluoroborate, 1- ethyls -3- MethylimidazoleChloride, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesBromide, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesBromide, 1- oneself Base -3- methylimidazolesChloride, tributyl-methyl phosphoniumDibutylphosphoric acid salt, triethyl methylDibutylphosphoric acid salt, three Butyl methylMethylcarbonate, tributyl-methyl phosphoniumMethylsulfate, triethyl methylDibutylphosphoric acid salt, three hexyls MyristylDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, three hexyl myristylsDouble (2,4,4- trimethylphenyls) secondary phosphorus Hydrochlorate, three hexyl myristylsBromide, three hexyl myristylsChloride, three hexyl myristylsCaprate, three Hexyl myristylCdicynanmide, 3- (triphenyl phosphorusBase) propane -1- sulfonate and 3- (triphenyl phosphorusBase) propane -1- Sulfonic acid toluene fulfonate.
E109. according to the battery of embodiment 103, wherein electrolyte composition includes at least two different ion combinations Thing.
E110. according to the battery of embodiment 109, wherein electrolyte composition includes two kinds of different salt.
E111. according to the battery of embodiment 109, wherein electrolyte composition includes two kinds of different ionic liquids.
E112. according to the battery of embodiment 109, wherein electrolyte composition includes ionic liquid and salt.
E113. according to the battery of embodiment 102, wherein the electrolyte composition is comprising ionic liquid and selected from proton Or one or more salt of non-proton ammonium salt and alkali metal salt.
E114. according to the battery of embodiment 102, wherein the electrolyte composition includes ionic liquid and Bronsted acid, Proton ammonium compounds or proton-oxygenCompound.
E115. according to the battery of embodiment 102, wherein electrolyte composition, which is included, contains identical cation or identical the moon Two kinds of different ionic compounds of ion.
E116. according to the battery of embodiment 102, wherein electrolyte composition does not include organic solvent, comprising based on electricity Solve gross weight≤1000ppm of matter composition water.
E117. according to any one of embodiment 102-116 battery, wherein the electrolyte composition includes solvent.
E118. according to the battery of embodiment 117, wherein solvent is substantially made up of water.
E119. according to the battery of embodiment 117, wherein solvent is substantially made up of organic solvent.
E120. according to the battery of embodiment 117, wherein solvent includes water and organic solvent.
E121. according to the battery of embodiment 117, wherein solvent is selected from organic carbonate comprising one or more, and ether is sweet Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ortho esters, PAG, ester, lactone, glycol, formic acid esters, sulfone, sulfoxide, acid amides, alcohol, amine, ketone, nitro is molten Agent and the solvent of nitrile solvent.
E122. according to the battery of embodiment 117, wherein solvent is selected from ethylene carbonate, carbonic acid comprising one or more Sub- propyl ester, trimethylene carbonate, carbonic acid 1,2- butylenes, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, carbonic acid Asia second Alkene ester, difluoro ethylenecarbonate, a fluorine ethylenecarbonate, dimethoxymethane, diethoxymethane, 1,2- dimethoxy Ethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triglyme, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, butyl cellosolve, diethylene glycol (DEG) Diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 2- methyltetrahydrofurans, 1,3- bis-Alkane, DOX, 4- methyl isophthalic acids, 3- dioxolanes, 2- methyl isophthalic acids, 3- dioxolanes, Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-twoAlkane, dimethyl ether, ethyl-methyl ether, diethyl ether, di-n-butyl ether, di-t-butyl Ether, Di Iso Propyl Ether, methyl tertiary butyl ether(MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), tert pentyl methyl ether, trimethoxy-methane, triethoxy first Alkane, Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dimethyl -3,5,8- trioxa-l-phosphabicyclos [2.2.2] octane, 4- ethyl -1- methyl -3,5,8- trioxa-l-phosphabicyclos In [2.2.2] octane, polyethylene glycol, dimethyl polyethylene glycol, diethyl polyethylene glycol, gamma-butyrolacton, gamma-valerolactone, δ-penta Ester, ethyl acetate, 2-Methoxyethyl acetate, 2-ethoxyethyl acetate, acetic acid 2- butoxyethyls, acetic acid 2- (2- fourth oxygen Base oxethyl) ethyl ester, ethylene acetate, propionic acid 3- ethoxy ethyl esters, methyl butyrate, n-amyl acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether Acetic acid esters, ethyl butyrate, diethyl malonate, dimethyl malenate, binary ester admixture, ethylene glycol, propane diols, 2- methoxyl groups Ethanol, cellosolvo, 2- allyloxyethanols, 2- isopropoxide ethanols, butoxy ethanol, 2- phenoxetols, 2- benzyls Ethoxy-ethanol, 2- (2- methoxy ethoxies) ethanol, 2- (2- ethoxy ethoxies) ethanol, 2- (2- Butoxyethoxies) second Alcohol, propandiol butyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, 1,3-BDO, Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-fourth two Alcohol, 1,5-PD, perfluor-BDO, perfluor -1,5- butanediol is fluorinated diethylene glycol methyl ether, is fluorinated triethylene glycol, fluorination Triethylene glycol methyl ether and fluorination butyl carbitol, methyl formate, Ethyl formate, iso-butyl formate, t-butyl formate, methyl sulphonyl Methane, ethyl-methyl sulfone, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide, 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE, 2-Pyrrolidone, 1,3- Dimethyl-2-imidazolinone, hexamethyl phosphoramide, N, N'- dimethyl-N, N'- trimethylene urea (1,3- dimethyl -3,4,5, 6- tetrahydrochysenes -2 (1H)-pyrimidone), benzylalcohol (BA), ethanol, trifluoroethanol (2,2'- trifluoroethanol), methanol, isopropanol, tertiary fourth Alcohol, n-butanol, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl-isoamyl ketone, triethylamine, tri-n-butylamine, diethylenetriamines, ethylenediamine, morpholine, piperazine The organic solvent of pyridine, pyridine, nitrobenzene, nitromethane, nitroethane, acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile and adiponitrile.
E125. according to the battery of embodiment 102, wherein the electrolyte composition is comprising one or more golden selected from alkali The ionic compound and organic solvent of category or alkaline earth metal hydroxide and alkoxide.
E126. according to the battery of embodiment 102, wherein the electrolyte composition is comprising one or more golden selected from alkali The ionic compound, water and one or more for belonging to hydroxide are selected from its of organic solvent, other ionic compounds and additive Its component.
E127. according to the battery of embodiment 126, wherein electrolyte composition includes organic solvent.
E128. according to the battery of embodiment 126, wherein electrolyte composition includes one or more other ion combinations Thing.
E129. according to the battery of embodiment 128, wherein one or more other ionic compounds are selected from ionic liquid Body.
E130. according to the battery of embodiment 126, wherein electrolyte composition includes one or more additives.
E131. according to the battery of embodiment 102, wherein electrolyte composition is selected from carboxylic acid salinization comprising one or more The ionic compound of compound and carboxylic acid.
E132. according to the battery of embodiment 102, wherein electrolyte composition is selected from carboxylic acid salinization comprising one or more The ionic compound of compound.
E133 is according to the battery of embodiment 132, wherein one or more carboxylate compounds are selected from alkali metal, alkali Earth metal carboxylate and carboxylic acid ammonium.
E134. according to the battery of embodiment 102, wherein electrolyte composition comprising it is one or more selected from carboxylic acid from Sub- compound.
E135. according to the battery of embodiment 131, wherein the electrolyte composition includes carboxylate compounds and carboxylic Acid.
E136. according to the battery of embodiment 131, wherein electrolyte composition includes solvent.
E137. according to the battery of embodiment 136, wherein solvent is substantially made up of water.
E138. according to the battery of embodiment 136, wherein solvent is substantially made up of organic solvent.
E139. according to the battery of embodiment 136, wherein the solvent includes water and organic solvent.
E140. according to the battery of any one of foregoing embodiments, wherein when applying current potential on battery at anode half Battery charging/discharging electrochemical reaction is：
E141. according to the battery of any one of foregoing embodiments, the wherein pH of electrolyte composition less than or equal to about 7。
E142. a kind of metal hydride battery, it includes at least one negative pole, at least one positive pole, with being located therein The electrode housing and electrolyte composition, wherein on battery apply current potential when anode at half-cell charge/discharge electricity Chemically react and be：
E143. a kind of metal hydride battery, it includes at least one negative pole, at least one positive pole, with being located therein The electrode housing and electrolyte composition, wherein the electrolyte composition has pH less than or equal to about 7.
E144. according to the battery of embodiment 142 or 143, wherein the electrolyte composition is selected comprising one or more From alkali metal or alkali salt, Bronsted acid, proton ammonium compounds, proton-oxygenCompound, non-proton ammonium compounds is non-proton OxygenCompound and non-protonThe ionic compound of compound.
E145. according to the battery of embodiment 144, wherein one or more ionic compounds, which are included, is selected from hydroxide Thing, nitrate, perchlorate, difluoride, alkoxide, halide, phosphate, phosphinates, phosphonate, borate, carboxylate, Sulphite, sulfate, sulfonate, carbonate, acid imide, aluminate, cyanate, methide, arsenate, silicate and antimony The anion of hydrochlorate.
E146. according to the battery of embodiment 144, wherein one or more ionic compounds, which are included, is selected from chlorination Thing, bromide, H2PO4 -, BF4 -, dibutylphosphoric acid salt, HPO3F-, disulfate, rhodanate, difluoride, perchlorate, Cdicynanmide, Al (OC (CF3)3)4 -, B (C6F5)4 -, [N (SO2CF3)2]-(double trifluorosulfonimides), double (pentafluoroethyl group sulfonyls) Acid imide, fluoroform sulphonate (fluoroform sulphonate), tosilate (toluene fulfonate), mesylate (methanesulfonic acid Salt), tetraphenyl borate salts, [B (3,5- (CF3)2C6H3)4]-, Al (OC (CF3)3)4 -, B (C6F5)4 -, [N (SO2CF3)2]-, N (SO2F)2 -, three (pentafluoroethyl group) three fluorophosphate, B (C2O4)2 -, difluoro (oxalic acid) borate, four chloro-aluminates, four fluoaluminic acids Salt, tetraiodo aluminate, tetrabromo aluminate, AsF6 -, PF6 -, SbF6 -And SiF6 -2Anion.
E147. according to any one of embodiment 144-146 battery, wherein one or more ionic compound choosings From ionic liquid.
E148. according to the battery of embodiment 144, wherein one or more ionic compounds are selected from ethyl ammonium nitric acid Salt, diethylmethyl ammonium fluoroform sulphonate, triethyl ammonium mesylate, 2- picolinesFluoroform sulphonate, fluorination Ammonium, methylammonium nitrate, hydroxyethyl ammonium nitrate, nitric acid second ammonium, Dimethyl Ammonium nitrate, 1- methylimidazolesChloride, 1- MethylimidazoleNitrate, 1- ethyl imidazol(e)sNitrate, tert-butyl group ammonium tetrafluoroborate, hydroxyethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate, first Base butyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate, three second ammonium tetrafluoroborates, imidazolesTetrafluoroborate, 1- methylimidazolesDisulfate, 1- MethylimidazoleTetrafluoroborate, 1,2- methylimidazoleTetrafluoroborate, tert-butyl group ammonium fluoroform sulphonate, 2- fluorine pyrroles PyridineFluoroform sulphonate, hydroxyethyl ammonium fluoroform sulphonate, 1,2- methylimidazoleFluoroform sulphonate, imidazolesThree Fluorine mesylate, 1- methylimidazolesFluoroform sulphonate, hydronium(ion) fluoroform sulphonate, ammonium methanesulfonate, ethyl ammonium Mesylate, butyl ammonium mesylate, methoxy ethyl ammonium mesylate, Dimethyl Ammonium mesylate, dibutyl ammonium methanesulfonic acid Salt, triethyl ammonium mesylate, dimethyl ethyl ammonium mesylate, hydronium(ion) disulfate, ammonium hydrogen sulfate, methyl ammonium bisulphate Salt, ethyl ammonium disulfate, propyl ammonium disulfate, normal-butyl ammonium bisulphate salt, tert-butyl group ammonium bisulphate salt, Dimethyl Ammonium sulphur Sour hydrogen salt, diethyl ammonium disulfate, di-n-butyl ammonium bisulphate salt, methyl butyl ammonium bisulphate salt, ethyl-butyl ammonium sulfuric acid Hydrogen salt, trimethyl ammonium disulfate, triethyl ammonium disulfate, tributyl ammonium disulfate, dimethyl ethyl ammonium bisulphate salt, Dibutyl ammonium fluorophosphoric acid hydrogen salt, triethyl ammonium fluorophosphoric acid hydrogen salt, tributyl ammonium fluorophosphoric acid hydrogen salt, hydronium(ion) dihydric phosphate, first Base ammonium dihydric phosphate, ethyl ammonium dihydric phosphate, propyl ammonium dihydric phosphate, normal-butyl ammonium dihydric phosphate, methoxyl group second Base ammonium dihydric phosphate, Dimethyl Ammonium dihydric phosphate, dibutyl ammonium dihydric phosphate, methyl butyl ammonium dihydric phosphate, fluorine Change hydrogen ammonium, methyl ammonium acid fluoride, ethyl ammonium acid fluoride and dimethyl ammonium acid fluoride.
E149. according to the battery of embodiment 144, wherein one or more ionic compounds are selected from three normal-butyl first Base ammonium methyl sulphate, 1- ethyl -2,3- methylimidazolesSulfovinate, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesThiocyanic acid Salt, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesFour chloro-aluminates, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesMethylsulfate, 1- butyl -3- methyl ImidazolesMesylate, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesDisulfate, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesBicarbonate, 1- fourths Base -3- methylimidazolesChloride 1,2,3- tri-methylimidazoliumsMethylsulfate, 1,2,4- trimethylpyrazolMethyl sulphur Hydrochlorate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesChloride, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesRhodanate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesMesylate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesFour chloro-aluminates, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesDisulfate, 1- second Base -3- methylimidazolesSulfovinate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesNitrate, 1- butyl-pyridiniumsChloride, 1- second Base -3- methylimidazolesCdicynanmide, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesTetrafluoroborate, 1,3- methylimidazoleBicarbonate Salt, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesBicarbonate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesHexafluorophosphate, 1- butyl -3,5- bis- PicolineBromide, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, 1- ethyl -3- methyl miaows AzolesDouble (pentafluoroethyl group sulfonyl) acid imides, 1- ethyl -2,3- methylimidazolesMethylcarbonate, carboxymethyl tributylDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, N- carboxyethyls-crassitudeDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, N- Carboxymethyl trimethyl ammonium two (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imide, N- carboxymethyls-picolineDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyls) Acid imide, hexyl trimethyl ammonium two (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imide, the tetrabutylMesylate, the tetrabutylTetrafluoro boron Hydrochlorate, the tetrabutylTosilate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesBicarbonate, triethyl methyl ammonium methyl carbonic acid Salt, tributyl-methyl phosphonium ammonium methylcarbonate, 1- ethyl -1- methyl piperidinesMethylcarbonate, 4- ethyl -4- methyl morpholines Methylcarbonate, 1- butyl -1- crassitudesMethylcarbonate, triethyl methyl ammonium dibutylphosphoric acid salt, tributyl first Base ammonium dibutylphosphoric acid salt, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesDibutylphosphoric acid salt, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesDibutyl phosphorus Hydrochlorate, 1- (cyanogen methyl) -3- methylimidazolesChloride, 1- (3- cyanogen propyl group) -3- methylimidazolesChloride, 1- (3- cyanogen third Base) -3- methylimidazolesDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, 1- (3- cyanogen propyl group) -3- methylimidazolesCdicynanmide, 1- (3- cyanogen propyl group) pyridineChloride, 1- (3- cyanogen propyl group) pyridineDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, 1,3- double (cyanogen Methyl) imidazolesChloride, 1,3- double (cyanogen methyl) imidazolesDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, 1,3- double (3- cyanogen third Base) imidazolesChloride, 1,3- double (3- cyanogen propyl group) imidazolesDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, 1- butyl -3- methyl ImidazolesHexafluorophosphate, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesTetrafluoroborate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesTetrafluoro boric acid Salt, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesChloride, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesBromide, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazoles Bromide, 1- hexyl -3- methylimidazolesChloride, tributyl-methyl phosphoniumDibutylphosphoric acid salt, triethyl methylTwo fourths Based phosphates, tributyl-methyl phosphoniumMethylcarbonate, tributyl-methyl phosphoniumMethylsulfate, triethyl methylDibutyl phosphorus Hydrochlorate, three hexyl myristylsDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, three hexyl myristylsDouble (2,4,4- front threes Base phenyl) hypophosphites, three hexyl myristylsBromide, three hexyl myristylsChloride, three hexyl myristylsCaprate, three hexyl myristylsCdicynanmide, 3- (triphenyl phosphorusBase) propane -1- sulfonate and 3- (triphenyl phosphorusBase) propane -1- sulfonic acid toluene fulfonates.
E150. according to the battery of embodiment 144, wherein the electrolyte composition is selected from carboxylic acid comprising one or more The ionic compound of salt compound and carboxylic acid.
E151. according to the battery of embodiment 144, wherein electrolyte composition is selected from carboxylic acid salinization comprising one or more The ionic compound of compound.
E152. according to the battery of embodiment 151, wherein one or more carboxylate compounds be selected from alkali metal, Alkaline-earth metal and ammonium carboxylate.
E153. according to the battery of embodiment 144, wherein the electrolyte composition is selected from carboxylic acid comprising one or more Ionic compound.
E154. according to the battery of embodiment 150, wherein the electrolyte composition includes carboxylate compounds and carboxylic Acid.
E155. according to any one of embodiment 144-154 battery, wherein the electrolyte composition includes at least two Plant different ionic compounds.
E156. according to the battery of embodiment 155, wherein the electrolyte composition includes two kinds of different salt.
E157. according to the battery of embodiment 155, wherein the electrolyte composition includes two kinds of different ionic liquids Body.
E158. according to the battery of embodiment 155, wherein the electrolyte composition includes ionic liquid and salt.
E159. according to the battery of embodiment 144, wherein the electrolyte composition is comprising ionic liquid and selected from proton Or one or more salt of non-proton ammonium salt and alkali metal salt.
E160. according to the battery of embodiment 144, wherein the electrolyte composition includes ionic liquid and Bronsted acid, Proton ammonium compounds or proton-oxygenCompound.
E161. according to the battery of embodiment 144, wherein electrolyte composition, which is included, contains identical cation or identical the moon Two kinds of different ionic compounds of ion.
E162. according to the battery of embodiment 144, wherein electrolyte composition does not include machine solvent, comprising based on electrolysis Gross weight≤1000ppm of matter composition water.
E163. according to the battery of embodiment 144, wherein the electrolyte composition includes solvent.
E164. according to the battery of embodiment 163, wherein solvent is substantially made up of water.
E165. according to the battery of embodiment 163, wherein solvent is substantially made up of organic solvent.
E166. according to the battery of embodiment 163, wherein solvent includes water and organic solvent.
E167. according to the battery of embodiment 163, wherein the solvent is selected from organic carbonate comprising one or more, Ether, glyme, ortho esters, PAG, ester, lactone, glycol, formic acid esters, sulfone, sulfoxide, acid amides, alcohol, amine, ketone, The solvent of nitro solvent and nitrile solvent.
E168. according to the battery of embodiment 163, wherein the solvent is selected from ethylene carbonate comprising one or more, Propylene carbonate, trimethylene carbonate, carbonic acid 1,2- butylenes, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, carbonic acid Vinylene, difluoro ethylenecarbonate, a fluorine ethylenecarbonate, dimethoxymethane, diethoxymethane, 1,2- diformazan Epoxide ethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triglyme, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, butyl cellosolve, two Glycol diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 2- methyltetrahydrofurans, 1,3- bis-Alkane, DOX, 4- methyl isophthalic acids, 3- dioxies penta Ring, 2- methyl isophthalic acids, 3- dioxolanes, Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-twoAlkane, dimethyl ether, ethyl-methyl ether, diethyl ether, di-n-butyl ether, two tertiary fourths Base ether, Di Iso Propyl Ether, methyl tertiary butyl ether(MTBE), ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), tert pentyl methyl ether, trimethoxy-methane, triethoxy Methane, Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dimethyl -3,5,8- trioxa-l-phosphabicyclos [2.2.2] octane, 4- ethyl -1- methyl -3,5,8- trioxa-l-phosphabicyclos In [2.2.2] octane, polyethylene glycol, dimethyl polyethylene glycol, diethyl polyethylene glycol, gamma-butyrolacton, gamma-valerolactone, δ-penta Ester, ethyl acetate, 2-Methoxyethyl acetate, 2-ethoxyethyl acetate, acetic acid 2- butoxyethyls, acetic acid 2- (2- fourth oxygen Base oxethyl) ethyl ester, ethylene acetate, propionic acid 3- ethoxy ethyl esters, methyl butyrate, n-amyl acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether Acetic acid esters, ethyl butyrate, diethyl malonate, dimethyl malenate, binary ester admixture, ethylene glycol, propane diols, 2- methoxyl groups Ethanol, cellosolvo, 2- allyloxyethanols, 2- isopropoxide ethanols, butoxy ethanol, 2- phenoxetols, 2- benzyls Ethoxy-ethanol, 2- (2- methoxy ethoxies) ethanol, 2- (2- ethoxy ethoxies) ethanol, 2- (2- Butoxyethoxies) second Alcohol, propandiol butyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, 1,3-BDO, Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-fourth two Alcohol, 1,5-PD, perfluor-BDO, perfluor -1,5- butanediol is fluorinated diethylene glycol methyl ether, is fluorinated triethylene glycol, fluorination Triethylene glycol methyl ether and fluorination butyl carbitol, methyl formate, Ethyl formate, iso-butyl formate, t-butyl formate, methyl sulphonyl Methane, ethyl-methyl sulfone, sulfolane, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylformamide, 1-METHYLPYRROLIDONE, 2-Pyrrolidone, 1,3- Dimethyl-2-imidazolinone, hexamethyl phosphoramide, N, N'- dimethyl-N, N'- trimethylene urea (1,3- dimethyl -3,4,5, 6- tetrahydrochysenes -2 (1H)-pyrimidone), benzylalcohol (BA), ethanol, trifluoroethanol (2,2'- trifluoroethanol), methanol, isopropanol, tertiary fourth Alcohol, n-butanol, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl-isoamyl ketone, triethylamine, tri-n-butylamine, diethylenetriamines, ethylenediamine, morpholine, piperazine The organic solvent of pyridine, pyridine, nitrobenzene, nitromethane, nitroethane, acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile and adiponitrile.
E169. according to the battery of embodiment 144, wherein the electrolyte composition is selected from corrosion comprising one or more Inhibitor, solid electrolyte interface modifier, proton evolution modifier, self discharge inhibitor, anti-gas agent, viscosity modifier is cloudy The additive of pole protective agent, salt stabilizing agent, conductive modifier and resolvating agent.
E170. according to any one of embodiment 144-169 battery, wherein the viscosity of the electrolyte composition is 25℃It is lower for≤100cP ,≤90cP ,≤80cP ,≤70cP ,≤50cP ,≤40cP ,≤30cP ,≤20cP ,≤10cP or≤5cP.
E171. according to any one of embodiment 144-170 battery, it shows about 1.2 to about 5.0V, and about 1.3 to about 5.0V, about 1.4 to about 5.0V or about 1.5 to about 5.0V nominal open circuit voltage.
Embodiment 1
Prepare HN (Me)3BF4The electrolyte composition of 1mol/L in propylene carbonate.The electrolyte composition is used for With rare-earth Ni-base AB5Hydrogen storage material is used as negative pole, the non-woven fabrics of nickel hydroxide positive plate and the polypropylene, polyethylene grafting of pulp In the battery of partition.
Or, NH4BF4By H3PO4、NH4CF3SO3、N2H6SO4、HN(Me)3Cl、NH4H2PO4、KH2PO4Or pyridineChlorination Thing is replaced.
Or, propylene carbonate (PC) is by ethylene carbonate (EC), methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC), DMF, DMSO, carbonic acid diformazan Ester (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), 1,2- dimethoxy-ethanes (DME), ethyl acetate (EA) or its mixture such as EC/DMC, EC/DEC, EC/EMC, EC/DMC/DEC or EC/DMC/EA are replaced.
Embodiment 2
Embodiment 1 is repeated, with pure diethylmethyl ammonium fluoroform sulphonate, three second ammonium mesylates or 2- picolinesFluoroform sulphonate replaces electrolyte composition.Or, use diethylmethyl ammonium fluoroform sulphonate, triethyl ammonium first Sulfonate or 2- picolinesFluoroform sulphonate:The 80 of glyme:20 weight:The mixture of weight.
Embodiment 3
Electrolyte composition is used for having rare-earth Ni-base AB5Hydrogen storage material as negative pole, the nickel hydroxide positive plate of pulp and In the battery of the non-woven fabrics partition of polypropylene, polyethylene grafting.Electrolyte composition is pure 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesTwo Cyanamide.Or, use 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesTetrafluoroborate.Or, the tetrabutyl usedMesylate:Glycol The 80 of dimethyl ether:20 weight:The mixture of weight.
Embodiment 4
Electrolyte composition is used for the Ni-based AB of terres rares as negative pole5Hydrogen storage material, pulp nickel hydroxide just In the battery of the non-woven fabrics partition of pole and polypropylene, polyethylene grafting.Electrolyte composition is 30 weight % in trifluoroethanol Potassium ethoxide.Or, using 30 weight % sodium methoxide mixture in methyl alcohol, 30 weight % potassium ethoxides are in ethylene glycol The mixture of mixture or 30 weight % potassium ethoxide in ethanol.
Embodiment 5
Electrolyte composition is used for having rare-earth Ni-base AB5Hydrogen storage material as negative pole, the nickel hydroxide positive plate of pulp and In the battery of the non-woven fabrics partition of polypropylene, polyethylene grafting.Electrolyte composition is 25 weight % potassium hydroxide in carbonic acid In propylene.
Embodiment 6
Electrolyte composition is used for having rare-earth Ni-base AB5Hydrogen storage material as negative pole, the nickel hydroxide positive plate of pulp and In the battery of the non-woven fabrics partition of polypropylene, polyethylene grafting.Electrolyte composition is 25 weight % KOH in water and poly- second two The 1 of alcohol (PEG600):In 1 weight mixture.The embodiment is repeated, is replaced with 30 weight % KOH mixtures in PEG300 Electrolyte composition.
Embodiment 7
Electrolyte composition is used for having rare-earth Ni-base AB5Hydrogen storage material as negative pole, the nickel hydroxide positive plate of pulp and In the battery of the non-woven fabrics partition of polypropylene, polyethylene grafting.Electrolyte composition is 30 weight % potassium acetate in acetic acid. Or, electrolyte composition be 30 weight % octanoic acid in glyme, or 30 weight % potassium acetate in glycol diformazan In ether or 30 weight % sodium acetate in butyric acid.
Embodiment 8
Prepare 1mol/L electrolyte composition (triethyl ammonium 2- nitrobenzoates are in propylene carbonate).According to reality Applying example 1 is used for composition in battery.
Embodiment 9
Prepare 6mol/L electrolyte composition (1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesAcetate is in glacial acetic acid).According to reality Applying example 1 is used for composition in battery.
Embodiment 10
Prepare diethylmethyl ammonium fluoroform sulphonate (DEMA TfO, ionic liquid) and trimethylammonium chloride (salt) Electrolyte mixture.Ionic liquid:Salt mixture is with 1:5、1:4、1:3、1:2、1:1、2:1、3:1、4:1 and 5:1 weight:Weight It is prepared by amount level.Or, it is used as salt using salt tetraethyl ammonium bromide or diethylmethyl ammonium chloride in the mixture.Or Person, using sodium salt or sylvite as salt, for example, NaCl or KCl.Or, it is used as salt using carboxylate.Will be mixed according to embodiment 1 Compound is used in battery.
Embodiment 11
Prepare the electrolyte of diethylmethyl ammonium fluoroform sulphonate (DEMA TfO, ionic liquid) and ethylammoniumnitrate Mixture.Ionic liquid mixture is with 1:5、1:4、1:3、1:2、1:1、2:1、3:1、4:1 and 5:1 weight:Weight level system It is standby.As mixture is used in battery by embodiment 1.Or, ionic liquid is by triethyl ammonium mesylate, 2- picolines Fluoroform sulphonate, three normal-butyl methyl ammonium methyl sulphates, 1- ethyl -2,3- methylimidazolesSulfovinate or 1- Butyl -3- methylimidazolesOne or more replacements in rhodanate.

Claims (15)

1. a kind of metal hydride battery, it includes at least one negative pole, at least one positive pole, with the electricity being located therein The housing and electrolyte composition of pole, wherein
Electrolyte composition, which is included, to be selected from by Bronsted acid, proton ammonium compounds, proton-oxygenCompound, non-proton ammonium compounds, Non-proton oxygenIt is compound, non-protonOne or more ions of compound and the group of alkali metal or alkali salt composition Compound；With
If electrolyte composition includes KOH and water, composition is also selected from by organic solvent, Qi Tali comprising one or more The component of sub- compound and the group of additive composition.
2. battery according to claim 1, is selected from by H wherein one or more ionic compounds are included+, alkali metal ion, Alkaline-earth metal ions, ammonium, ammonium methyl, ethyl ammonium, Dimethyl Ammonium, diethyl ammonium, trimethyl ammonium, triethyl ammonium, tributyl ammonium, two Ethyl-methyl ammonium, hydroxyethyl ammonium, methoxy ammonium, dibutyl ammonium, methyl butyl ammonium, puratized agricultural spray, pyridine2- picolinesImidazoles1- methylimidazolesDMIZ 1,2 dimethylimidazoleImidazoline1- ethyl imidazol(e)s1- (4- sulphur fourths Base) -3- methylimidazoles1- allyl imidazolesQuinolineIsoquinolinPyrrolinPyrrolininium, pyrrole Cough up alkaneHydroxyl ammonium, H3O+、H+O(Et)2、H2EtO+、H2MeO+、H+O(Me)2, protonation tetrahydrofuran, protonation 2- Methyl-tetrahydro furans, tetramethyl-ammonium, tetraethyl ammonium, tetra-n-butyl ammonium, three normal-butyl ammonium methyls, normal-butyl-triethyl ammonium, benzyl Base-trimethyl ammonium, benzyl-triethylammonium ammonium, 1- picolines1- butyl -3,5- lutidines1,2,3- trimethyls Imidazoles1- ethyl-3-methylimidazoles1- butyl -3- methylimidazoles1- ethyl -2,3- methylimidazoles1- Pi-allyl -3- methylimidazoles1- ethoxy -3- methylimidazolesTrimethyl hydroxyethylammonium ammonium (choline), three (ethoxy) first Base ammonium, dimethyl-two (polyoxyethylene) ammonium, 1- ethyl -1- methyl piperidines4- ethyl -4- methyl morpholines1- (cyanogen first Base) -3- methylimidazoles1- (3- cyanogen propyl group) pyridineDouble (cyanogen methyl) imidazoles of 1,3- +O(Me)3、+O(Et)3, tetrahydrochysene Furans-Me+, tetrahydrofuran-Et+, 2- methyltetrahydrofurans-Me+, 2- methyltetrahydrofurans-Et+, methyl triphenylFour benzene BaseThe tetrabutylTributyl-methyl phosphoniumTriethyl methylThree hexyl myristylsTriphenyl propyl groupWith four (methylol)The cation of the group of composition.
3. according to the battery of claim 1 or 2, wherein one or more ionic compounds include be selected from by hydroxide, Nitrate, perchlorate, difluoride, alkoxide, halide, phosphate, phosphinates, phosphonate, borate, carboxylate, Asia Sulfate, sulfate, sulfonate, carbonate, acid imide, aluminate, cyanate, methide, arsenate, silicate and metaantimmonic acid The anion of the group of salt composition.
4. according to the battery of claim 1 or 2, wherein one or more ionic compounds, which are included, selects free-chloride content, bromine Compound, H2PO4 -、BF4 -, dibutylphosphoric acid salt, HPO3F-, disulfate, rhodanate, difluoride, perchlorate, dicyan Amine, Al (OC (CF3)3)4 -、B(C6F5)4 -、[N(SO2CF3)2]-(double trifluoro acid imides), double (pentafluoroethyl group sulfonyl) acid imides, Fluoroform sulphonate (fluoroform sulphonate), tosilate (toluene fulfonate), mesylate (mesylate), tetraphenyl Borate, [B (3,5- (CF3)2C6H3)4]-、Al(OC(CF3)3)4 -、B(C6F5)4 -、[N(SO2CF3)2]-、N(SO2F)2 -, three (five Fluoro ethyl) three fluorophosphates, B (C2O4)2 -, difluoro (oxalic acid) borate, four chloro-aluminates, four fluoaluminate, tetraiodo aluminate, Tetrabromo aluminate, AsF6 -、PF6-、SbF6 -And SiF6 -2The anion of the group of composition.
5. battery according to claim 1, wherein electrolyte composition are selected from what is be made up of ionic liquid comprising one or more The ionic compound of group.
6. battery according to claim 1, wherein electrolyte composition are selected from by ethylammoniumnitrate, two comprising one or more Ethyl-methyl ammonium fluoroform sulphonate, triethyl ammonium mesylate, 2- picolinesFluoroform sulphonate, ammonium fluoride, methyl Ammonium nitrate, hydroxyethyl ammonium nitrate, ethylammoniumnitrate, Dimethyl Ammonium nitrate, 1- methylimidazolesChloride, 1- first Base imidazolesNitrate, 1- ethyl imidazol(e)sNitrate, tert-butyl group ammonium tetrafluoroborate, hydroxyethyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate, methyl Butyl ammonium tetrafluoroborate, three second ammonium tetrafluoroborates, imidazolesTetrafluoroborate, 1- methylimidazolesDisulfate, 1- first Base imidazolesTetrafluoroborate, DMIZ 1,2 dimethylimidazoleTetrafluoroborate, tert-butyl group ammonium fluoroform sulphonate, 2- fluorine pyridinesFluoroform sulphonate, hydroxyethyl ammonium fluoroform sulphonate, DMIZ 1,2 dimethylimidazoleFluoroform sulphonate, imidazolesTrifluoro Mesylate, 1- methylimidazolesFluoroform sulphonate, hydronium(ion) fluoroform sulphonate, ammonium methanesulfonate, ethyl ammonium first Sulfonate, butyl ammonium mesylate, methoxy ethyl ammonium mesylate, Dimethyl Ammonium mesylate, dibutyl ammonium mesylate, Triethyl ammonium mesylate, dimethyl ethyl ammonium mesylate, hydronium(ion) disulfate, ammonium hydrogen sulfate, ammonium methyl disulfate, Ethyl ammonium disulfate, propyl ammonium disulfate, normal-butyl ammonium bisulphate salt, tert-butyl group ammonium bisulphate salt, Dimethyl Ammonium sulfuric acid Hydrogen salt, diethyl ammonium disulfate, di-n-butyl ammonium bisulphate salt, methyl butyl ammonium bisulphate salt, ethyl-butyl ammonium bisulphate Salt, trimethyl ammonium disulfate, triethyl ammonium disulfate, tributyl ammonium disulfate, dimethyl ethyl ammonium bisulphate salt, two Butyl ammonium fluorophosphate hydrogen salt, triethyl ammonium fluorophosphate hydrogen salt, tributyl ammonium fluorophosphate hydrogen salt, hydronium(ion) biphosphate Salt, ammonium methyl dihydric phosphate, ethyl ammonium dihydric phosphate, propyl ammonium dihydric phosphate, normal-butyl ammonium dihydric phosphate, methoxy Base ethyl ammonium dihydric phosphate, Dimethyl Ammonium dihydric phosphate, dibutyl ammonium dihydric phosphate, methyl butyl ammonium biphosphate Salt, ammonium acid fluoride, methyl ammonium acid fluoride, ethyl ammonium acid fluoride, dimethyl ammonium acid fluoride, three normal-butyl ammonium methyl methylsulfuric acids Salt, 1- ethyl -2,3- methylimidazolesSulfovinate, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesRhodanate, 1- butyl -3- first Base imidazolesFour chloro-aluminates, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesMethylsulfate, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesMethanesulfonic acid Salt, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesDisulfate, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesBicarbonate, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesChloride, 1,2,3- tri-methylimidazoliumsMethylsulfate, 1,2,4- trimethylpyrazolsMethylsulfate, 1- ethyls- 3- methylimidazolesChloride, the methylimidazole of 1- ethyls -3Rhodanate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesMesylate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesFour chloro-aluminates, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesDisulfate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesSulfovinate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesNitrate, 1- butyl-pyridiniumsChloride, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesCdicynanmide, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesTetrafluoroborate, 1,3- methylimidazolesBicarbonate, 1- ethyl -3- first Base imidazolesBicarbonate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesHexafluorophosphate, 1- butyl -3,5- lutidinesBromination Thing, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesDouble (five fluorine second Base sulfonyl) acid imide, 1- ethyl -2,3- methylimidazolesMethylcarbonate, carboxymethyl-tributylDouble (trifluoromethyls Sulfonyl) acid imide, N- carboxyethyls-crassitudeDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, N- carboxymethyls-trimethyl Ammonium double (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imide, N- carboxymethyls-picolineDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, hexyl Trimethyl ammonium double (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imide, the tetrabutylsMesylate, the tetrabutylTetrafluoroborate, the tetrabutylTosilate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesBicarbonate, triethyl methyl ammonium methylcarbonate, tributyl-methyl phosphonium Ammonium methylcarbonate, 1- ethyl -1- methyl piperidinesMethylcarbonate, 4- ethyl -4- methyl morpholinesMethylcarbonate, 1- Butyl -1- crassitudesMethylcarbonate, triethyl methyl ammonium dibutylphosphoric acid salt, tributyl-methyl phosphonium ammonium dibutyl phosphorus Hydrochlorate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesDibutylphosphoric acid salt, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesDibutylphosphoric acid salt, 1- (cyanogen first Base) -3- methylimidazolesChloride, 1- (3- cyanogen propyl group) -3- methylimidazolesChloride, 1- (3- cyanogen propyl group) -3- methyl miaows AzolesDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, 1- (3- cyanogen propyl group) -3- methylimidazolesCdicynanmide, 1- (3- cyanogen propyl group) pyrrole PyridineChloride, 1- (3- cyanogen propyl group) pyridineDouble (cyanogen methyl) imidazoles of double (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, 1,3- Double (cyanogen methyl) imidazoles of chloride, 1,3-Double (the 3- cyanogen propyl group) imidazoles of double (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, 1,3-Chlorine Double (the 3- cyanogen propyl group) imidazoles of compound, 1,3-Double (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesHexafluoro Phosphate, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesTetrafluoroborate, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesTetrafluoroborate, 1- ethyls -3- MethylimidazoleChloride, 1- ethyl-3-methylimidazolesBromide, 1- butyl -3- methylimidazolesBromide, 1- oneself Base -3- methylimidazolesChloride, tributyl-methyl phosphoniumDibutylphosphoric acid salt, triethyl methylDibutylphosphoric acid salt, three fourths YlmethylMethylcarbonate, tributyl-methyl phosphoniumMethylsulfate, triethyl methylDibutylphosphoric acid salt, three hexyls ten TetraalkylDouble (trifluoromethyl sulfonyl) acid imides, three hexyl myristylsDouble (2,4,4- trimethylphenyls) phosphonates, Three hexyl myristylsBromide, three hexyl myristylsChloride, three hexyl myristylsCaprate, three hexyls MyristylCdicynanmide, 3- (triphenyl phosphorusBase) propane -1- sulfonate and 3- (triphenyl phosphorusBase) propane -1- sulfonic acid The ionic compound of the group of toluene fulfonate composition.
7. according to the battery of any one of claim 1,2,5 or 6, wherein electrolyte composition comprising at least two it is different from Sub- compound.
8. according to the battery of any one of claim 1,2,5 or 6, wherein electrolyte composition includes ionic liquid and salt or bag Containing two kinds of different ionic liquids.
9. according to the battery of any one of claim 1,2,5 or 6, wherein electrolyte composition does not include machine solvent, includes base In gross weight≤1000ppm of electrolyte composition water.
10. according to the battery of any one of claim 1,2,5 or 6, wherein electrolyte composition includes and selects Free water and organic Solvent composition group solvent, and at 25 DEG C display≤100cP viscosity.
11. according to the battery of any one of claim 1,2,5 or 6, wherein electrolyte composition is selected from comprising one or more By organic carbonate, ether, glyme, ortho esters, PAG, ester, lactone, glycol, formic acid esters, sulfone, sulfoxide, acyl The organic solvent for the group that amine, alcohol, amine, ketone, nitro solvent and nitrile solvent are constituted.
12. metal hydride battery according to claim 1, wherein electrolyte composition select free alkali gold comprising one or more The ionic compound and organic solvent of the group of category or alkaline earth metal hydroxide and alkoxide composition.
13. metal hydride battery according to claim 1, wherein electrolyte composition select free carboxylic acid comprising one or more The ionic compound of the group of salt compound and carboxylic acid composition.
14. battery according to claim 1, wherein electrolyte composition are included selected from the group being made up of alkali metal hydroxide One or more ionic compounds, water and one kind selected from the group being made up of organic solvent, other ionic compounds and additive Or a variety of other components.
15. according to the metal hydride battery of any one of preceding claims, it shows the nominal of about 1.5V to about 5.0V Open-circuit voltage.
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